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The present study examined the role of detecting the initial causal system model followed by engaging in active vs. passive structural alignment in recognizing the key causal principles in subsequent novel examples. The results echo prior research on the benefit of analogical comparison in learning relational categories: participants who were prompted to compare outperformed participants in the baseline condition. Moreover, while the accurate representation of the causal system predicted noticing the relational structure in novel examples, making more accurate relational mappings made participants more likely to notice the structure above and beyond having an accurate representation. These findings offer insight into the role of active vs. passive analogical comparison and have implications for conditions that might support learning of relational categories.

The Russian invasion of Ukraine is accompanied by horrific losses among civilians. This study investigates various individual (hope, optimism, resilience, post-traumatic growth, and coping strategies) and contextual predictors (experience of life under occupation, actively hostile home environment, and frequent moves) of subjective well-being among the youth living in Ukraine. A total sample of 593 students from several universities participated in the study using surveys that contained questions about sociodemographic characteristics, life satisfaction, hope, optimism, personal post-traumatic growth, resilience, and coping strategies. Data were analyzed using JAMOVI software. The level of dissatisfaction with their own lives was 34.7%; most of the respondents had a higher incidence of minimal/mild hopelessness (88.7%) and high/moderate level of optimism (60.9%). The majority of participants had moderate and high levels of post-traumatic growth (51.9% and 6.7%, respectively) and resilience (46.0% and 14.5%, respectively). Optimism, hope, resilience, post-traumatic growth, using emotional support, and life in occupation predicted life satisfaction among the study sample., Research was performed within the framework of the project “Young Ukrainians' Experiences and Perspectives of the Russia–Ukraine War. A Mixed-Methods Investigation on How to Promote Resilience and Sustainable Peacebuilding” and was supported by Small Grant Award, APA Division 48, The Society for the Study of Peace, Conflict and Violence.

Haematopoiesis dysregulation with the presence of immature myeloid and erythroid immunosuppressive cells are key characteristics of the immune escape phase of tumour development. Here, the role of in vitro generated B16F10 tumour cell-derived extracellular vesicles (tEVs) as indirect cellular communicators, participating in tumour-induced dysregulation of haematopoiesis, was explored. The isolated tEVs displayed features of small EVs with a size range of 100-200 nm, expressed the common EV markers CD63, CD9, and Alix, and had a spherical shape with a lipid bilayer membrane. Proteomic profiling revealed significant levels of angiogenic factors, particularly vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), osteopontin, and tissue factor, associated with the tEVs. Systemic administration of these tEVs in syngeneic mice induced splenomegaly and disrupted haematopoiesis, leading to extramedullary haematopoiesis, expansion of splenic immature erythroid progenitors, reduced bone marrow cellularity, medullary expansion of granulocytic myeloid suppressor cells, and the development of anaemia. These effects closely mirrored those observed in tumour-bearing mice and were not seen after heat inactivating the tEVs. In vitro studies demonstrated that tEVs independently induced the expansion of bone marrow granulocytic myeloid suppressor cells and B cells while reducing the frequency of cells in the erythropoietic lineage. These effects of tEVs were significantly abrogated by the blockade of VEGF or heat inactivation. Our findings underscore the important role of tEVs in dysregulating haematopoiesis during the immune escape phase of cancer immunoediting, suggesting their potential as targets for addressing immune evasion and reinstating normal hematopoietic processes., QC 20240715

INTRODUCTION: There is high evidence that chronic exercise benefits overall depression severity in older adults. However, late-life depression is characterized by considerable heterogeneity in clinical manifestation emphasizing the need for more individualized exercise intervention programs. Therefore, the objective of the proposed review is to investigate the effects of chronic exercise on overall depression severity and on different symptoms of depression in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including older adults with a mean age of at least 60 years, and by considering the moderating effects of intervention characteristics and individual characteristics. METHODS: This protocol is guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). We will use the Population-Intervention-Comparator-Outcomes-Study design (PICOS) criteria for study inclusion and will search the following database sources for relevant RCTs: Web of Science, Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, APA Psycinfo, SPORTDiscuss, Cochrane. Two independent reviewers will conduct the study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment. Disagreement will be solved by a third reviewer. Primary outcome will be changes in overall depression severity and secondary outcomes will encompass changes in symptoms of depression as defined by the DSM-5, such as sleep quality, fatigue, anxiety, mood, apathy, changes in weight, information processing speed, and executive functions, from baseline until the end of the intervention and to any available intermediary measurement or follow up. Meta-analysis will be undertaken to synthesize the effects of chronic exercise on primary and secondary outcomes. Subgroup analysis will investigate the moderating effects of intervention characteristics (frequency, intensity, duration, type of exercise, cognitive demand, social interactions, exercise supervision, behavioral change techniques, compliance, study design, dropout-rate, type o, Study Protocol.

The paper presents the exact formula for the vector field that minimizes the loss for the standard flow. This formula depends analytically on a given distribution \rho_0 and an unknown one \rho_1. Based on the presented formula, a new loss and algorithm for training a vector field model in the style of Conditional Flow Matching are provided. Our loss, in comparison to the standard Conditional Flow Matching approach, exhibits smaller variance when evaluated through Monte Carlo sampling methods. Numerical experiments on synthetic models and models on tabular data of large dimensions demonstrate better learning results with the use of the presented algorithm.

We present ESG-FTSE, the first corpus comprised of news articles with Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) relevance annotations. In recent years, investors and regulators have pushed ESG investing to the mainstream due to the urgency of climate change. This has led to the rise of ESG scores to evaluate an investment's credentials as socially responsible. While demand for ESG scores is high, their quality varies wildly. Quantitative techniques can be applied to improve ESG scores, thus, responsible investing. To contribute to resource building for ESG and financial text mining, we pioneer the ESG-FTSE corpus. We further present the first of its kind ESG annotation schema. It has three levels: a binary classification (relevant versus irrelevant news articles), ESG classification (ESG-related news articles), and target company. Both supervised and unsupervised learning experiments for ESG relevance detection were conducted to demonstrate that the corpus can be used in different settings to derive accurate ESG predictions. Keywords: corpus annotation, ESG labels, annotation schema, news article, natural language processing, Comment: The corpus is available at https://github.com/mariavpavlova/ESG-FTSE-Corpus. https://aclanthology.org/2024.finnlp-1.14

The ability to notice relational patterns across situations is crucial to learning. An important question is how people build transferable and generalizable knowledge by learning from examples. The study investigated the conditions that make comparison and explanation beneficial to learning by comparing learning outcomes of engaging in explanation or comparison in a categorization task and examining how varying degrees of instructional support affect these two processes. The results showed an advantage of comparison over explanation; however, this was specific to combination of relational labels and definitions and prompts to compare. These results add to existing research and extend our understanding of how best to support college students learning relatively difficult material. The findings also inform ways educators can support learning by developing instructional designs that support learning through analogical reasoning.

Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) is a widely used measure that captures somatic symptoms of coronavirus-related anxiety. In a large-scale collaboration spanning 60 countries (Ntotal = 21,513), we examined the CAS’s measurement invariance and assessed the convergent validity of CAS scores in relation to the fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S) and the satisfaction with life (SWLS-3) scales. We utilized both conventional exact invariance tests and alignment procedures, with results revealing that the single-factor model fit the data well in almost all countries. Partial scalar invariance was supported in a subset of 56 countries. To ensure the robustness of results, given the unbalanced samples, we employed resampling techniques both with and without replacement and found the results were more stable in larger samples. The alignment procedure demonstrated a high degree of measurement invariance with 9% of the parameters exhibiting non-invariance. We also conducted simulations of alignment using the parameters estimated in the current model. Findings demonstrated reliability of the means but indicated challenges in estimating the latent variances. Strong positive correlations between CAS and FCV-19S estimated with all three different approaches were found in most countries. Correlations of CAS and SWLS-3 were weak and negative but significantly differed from zero in several countries. Overall, the study provided support for the measurement invariance of the CAS and offered evidence of its convergent validity while also highlighting issues with variance estimation.

Objective: Global information and technological changes have opened up new opportunities for information and public communication processes. The purpose of the study is to analyze the level of competence of future specialists in economics and finances in the field of information security and develop recommendations for its improvement. Methods: The level of information security competencies of future specialists in economics and finance has been determined, characterized by the degree of awareness of the importance of readiness to work in corporate information security systems based on an empirical study using a survey of "Finance, banking, and insurance", "Accounting and taxation", and "Economics" students (94 people total) and a subsequent pedagogical experiment with their participation. Results: Authors of the articles have described the main methods and directions of forming the ability of a future specialist in economics and finance to work responsibly in corporate institutions, which are associated, first of all, with the introduction of a special course "Security of financial and economic information in information systems". Conclusion: The lack of readiness among economics and finance specialists to work in corporate information security systems may hinder the achievement of sustainable development. To address this issue, it is important to prepare future specialists in economics and finance for professional activity in the conditions of a corporate information security system. It is possible to prevent the development of negative phenomena in the field of information security with the help of the purposeful formation of appropriate competencies in specialists in economics and finance., Objetivo: A informação global e as mudanças tecnológicas abriram novas oportunidades para os processos de informação e comunicação pública. O objetivo do estudo é analisar o nível de competência dos futuros especialistas em economia e finanças na área de segurança da informação e desenvolver recomendações para sua melhoria. Métodos: Foi determinado o nível de competências em segurança da informação dos futuros especialistas em economia e finanças, caracterizado pelo grau de consciência da importância da prontidão para trabalhar em sistemas de segurança da informação corporativa com base em um estudo empírico usando uma pesquisa de "Finanças, bancos , e seguros", alunos de "Contabilidade e Fiscalidade" e "Economia" (94 pessoas no total) e uma posterior experiência pedagógica com a sua participação. Resultados: Os autores dos artigos descreveram os principais métodos e orientações para formar a capacidade de um futuro especialista em economia e finanças para trabalhar com responsabilidade em instituições corporativas, associadas, antes de tudo, à introdução de um curso especial "Segurança de informações financeiras e econômicas em sistemas de informação". Conclusão: A falta de preparo dos especialistas em economia e finanças para atuar em sistemas de segurança da informação corporativa pode dificultar o alcance do desenvolvimento sustentável. Para enfrentar esta questão, é importante preparar os futuros especialistas em economia e finanças para a atividade profissional nas condições de um sistema corporativo de segurança da informação. É possível prevenir o desenvolvimento de fenômenos negativos no campo da segurança da informação com a ajuda da formação proposital de competências apropriadas em especialistas em economia e finanças.

Bakgrund: Tidigare forskning visar att patienter värdesätter en god kommunikation som grundar sig på humanitära inslag av respekt, värdighet, genuinhet och värme. Patienterna värdesätter även att ha sjuksköterskor närvarande under livets slutskede. Det framgår även att anhöriga upplevde en lättnad när patienterna blev omhändertagna av sjuksköterskorna. En uppskattning fanns under sjuksköterskornas omvårdnadsnärvaro då en ömsesidig anknytning främjades. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser av palliativ vård under livets slutskede. Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie med beskrivande syntes. Analysering av tio artiklar presenteras i examenarbetets resultat. Resultat: Efter analys framkom två teman: Upplevelser av olika känslor och uppleva värdefulla möten med patienter och anhöriga. Sjuksköterskors upplevelser beskrivs där totalt sex subteman identifierats. Slutsats: Viljan av att kunna göra mer under livets slutskede handlade om att kunna vara närvarande för patienter och anhöriga. Att kontinuerligt kunna utvecklas som sjuksköterska och att kommunikation är viktigt att upprätthålla. Upplevelser av bristande vård kunde handla om konflikter med anhöriga, hög arbetsbelastning och om bristande kunskap i sjuksköterskans profession., Background: Previous research shows that patients value good communication that is based on humanitarian elements of respect, dignity, genuineness and warmth. Patients also value having nurses present during the end of life. It also appears that relatives experienced a sense of relief when the patients were cared for by the nurses. An appreciation existed during the nursing presence of the nurses when a mutual connection was promoted. Purpose: To describe nurses' experiences of palliative care during the end of life. Method: A systematic literature study with descriptive synthesis. Analysis of ten articles is presented in the results of the thesis. Results: After analysis, two themes emerged: Experiences of different emotions and experiencing valuable meetings with patients and relatives. Nurses' experiences are described where a total of six subthemes have been identified. Conclusion: The desire to be able to do more during the final stage of life was about being able to be present for patients and relatives. To be able to continuously develop as a nurse and that it is important to maintain communication. Experiences of lack of care could be about conflicts with relatives, high workload and about a lack of knowledge in the nursing profession.

The purpose of this work was to contribute with increased knowledge about the role of principals as decision-makers in today's education system. This was done by examining 12 principals' experience and actions in relation to a law change that has meant an opportunity to introduce grades from year 4. Factors that were expressed as being able to influence the principals' decisions regarding earlier grades were their personal attitudes to and experiences of grades, teachers' attitude, contextual factors and science. The results indicated that the principals experiences a high degree of autonomy in the decision regarding earlier grades, although most principals involved teachers and/or the management team in the decision-making process. In general, the principals felt it was positive that they were the ones who made the decision about introducing earlier grades, although several principals expressed that it was strange and that there were risks in relation to equivalence. Many of the principals expressed that they would have preferred the state to have made the decision, especially if it was the same decision as their own. The results indicated that the principals would prefer an education system were decisions that affect their work would be delegated directly to them, alternatively that the state would make these decisions. A resistance to the decision about grades being made at the board- or municipal-level could imply a dissatisfaction with today's education system were the board or the municipal can have a significant influence on how a school is organized and thus on the principal's daily work and possibilities to make decisions. A professional and bureaucratic logic was expressed in a somewhat higher degree than the logic of market in the principals' experience and action in relation to the possibility to introducing earlier grades.

Did Beringian environments represent an ecological barrier to humans until less than 15 000 years ago or was access to the Americas controlled by the spatial-temporal distribution of North American ice sheets? Beringian environments varied with respect to climate and biota, especially in the two major areas of exposed continental shelf. The East Siberian Arctic Shelf ('Great Arctic Plain' (GAP)) supported a dry steppe-tundra biome inhabited by a diverse large-mammal community, while the southern Bering-Chukchi Platform ('Bering Land Bridge' (BLB)) supported mesic tundra and probably a lower large-mammal biomass. A human population with west Eurasian roots occupied the GAP before the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and may have accessed mid-latitude North America via an interior ice-free corridor. Re-opening of the corridor less than 14 000 years ago indicates that the primary ancestors of living First Peoples, who already had spread widely in the Americas at this time, probably dispersed from the NW Pacific coast. A genetic 'arctic signal' in non-arctic First Peoples suggests that their parent population inhabited the GAP during the LGM, before their split from the former. We infer a shift from GAP terrestrial to a subarctic maritime economy on the southern BLB coast before dispersal in the Americas from the NW Pacific coast.

With first joint fieldwork on Taymyr Peninsula during mid-1990s, a successful cooperation of German, Russian, and further international partners on permafrost and Quaternary palaeoenvironments in Siberia was started and resulted in extensive joint research for 3 decades. Studies of permafrost deposits and ground ice provided insights on past environmental and climatic changes, covering several hundreds of thousands of years into the past. They provide multi-proxy evidence for multiple glacial/interglacial cycles and different periods of past climate change or stability in Arctic land environments. Study objects were natural permafrost exposures along coastal sections, thaw slumps, and river banks, studied mostly during summers, complemented by permafrost cores from land, lake and sea ground drilled mostly in spring. Exposure geometry and stratigraphic horizon thickness have been surveyed using laser tachymetry, other measuring equipment, and drones. Based on multi-proxy analyses, mid- and late Quaternary periods were studied, resulting in >300 scientific papers. The approach includes geomorphic studies, various geochronological analyses, analysis of frozen sediments (for ice, carbon, nitrogen, and carbonate contents, grain-size parameters, magnetic susceptibility, heavy mineral compositions), ground ice (stable water isotopes, major ions) and of numerous fossil bioindicators, to reconstruct the Quaternary paleoenvironmental change. Oldest permafrost horizons were dated from the Batagay mega-thaw-slump (Yana Uplands) to about 650 ky with luminescence dating. Here and elsewhere, records of Eemian and Holocene interglacial periods, and environmental conditions associated with it were targeted. Many sites with late Pleistocene Yedoma Ice Complex have been explored. Lateglacial and Holocene warming induced enormous periglacial landscape changes by widespread permafrost degradation and substantial paleoecological changes. For vast Siberian areas where glacial records are

© Springer-Verlag. Financial support by grants FPA2011-27853-01, FIS2008-01323 plus 227431, Hadron-Physics2 (EU) and PR34-1856-BSCH, UCM-BSCH GR58/08, 910309, PR34/07-15875, SB2010-0012. We thankfully acknowledge the computer resources, technical expertise and assistance provided by the CeSViMa and the Spanish Supercomputing Network. FJLE is a recipient of a Caja Madrid fellowship and thanks the hospitality of the TU-Munich theoretical physics group and especially Nora Brambilla and Antonio Vairo, who have been influential in several aspects of this work., Within pNRQCD we compute the masses of spin-averaged triply heavy baryons using the now-available NNLO pNRQCD potentials and three-body variational approach. We focus in particular on the role of the purely three-body interaction in perturbation theory. This we find to be reasonably small and of the order 25 MeV. Our prediction for the Omega(ccc) baryon mass is 4900(250) MeV in keeping with other approaches. We propose to search for this hitherto unobserved state at B factories by examining the end point of the recoil spectrum against triple charm., Caja Madrid fellowship, Depto. de Física Teórica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

The aim of this study is to examine the general satisfaction with primary health care services in Ukraine among service users and nonusers before and after the implementation of the capitation reform in 2017–2020. Data from a repeated cross-sectional household survey ‘Health Index. Ukraine’ in 2016–2020 were used. The survey had a sample size of over 10 000 participants per survey round. Effects were estimated using difference-in-differences methods based on matched samples. Our findings show that in general, respondents are ‘rather satisfied’ with the services of district/family doctors and pediatricians. Satisfaction with family doctors comprised 72.1 % (users) and 69.2 % (nonusers) in 2016; and 75.3 % and 71.9 % in 2020. For pediatrician services, these shares were 73.6 % (users) and 71.1 % (nonusers) in 2016; 74.7 % and 70.2 % in 2020. Our study also revealed an increase in satisfaction with the district/family doctor over time. However, this does not seem to be due to the reform. The results for pediatrician services were mixed. Why satisfaction with primary care is fairly high and slightly increasing over time is unclear. However, we offer several possible explanations, such as low expectations of primary health care, subjective perception of quality of health care services, improved access and affordability, and general improvements in primary health care settings not directly linked to the reform.

Healthcare labor market shortages due to migration, inadequate investments, and lack of continuous training are essential concerns in the Eastern European region. This article aims to describe and reflect on the experience with the implementation of continuous medical education among mother-and-child healthcare providers in Ukraine, including achievements, challenges, and barriers. We analyze this case based on two international collaboration initiatives: the Swiss–Ukrainian program in mother-and-child health that ran from 2000 to 2015, supplemented by the recent Ukrainian–Swiss project "Medical education development" in 2018–2023. Methods: We use a case study approach as the methodology for our study. We collected data from documents (project reports reviews) and in-depth interviews with stakeholders. We apply the method of directed qualitative content analysis. Results: As a result of the Swiss–Ukrainian collaborations, the knowledge and awareness of medical personnel were greatly improved. Modern clinical concepts not well understood at the outset became commonplace and were incorporated into clinical activities. Nevertheless, obstacles to the implementation and rapid uptake of changes were found in the lack of knowledge of the English language among medical doctors, the fear of changes, and the lack of openness and readiness for novel evidence-based clinical practices. However, primary healthcare practitioners in this new project seem to be more inclined to change. Conclusions: A modernized continuous medical education which is based on the values of openness, respect, dialogue, and professionalism can be implemented with the input of an international assistance program despite the resistance of the system towards change.

In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing measures were implemented across the globe. These measures demanded replacing taken-for-granted social practices such as shaking hands with new interaction rituals. Based on our personal observations, this collective process of learning new interactions often resulted in feelings of awkwardness. Awkwardness, in this sense, is more than an individual emotion; it is also a cultural marker helping us understand how interactions, interaction rituals and social norms are constituted. Therefore, we aim to obtain a better understanding of both what people perceive as failed interactions during the COVID-19 pandemic, and how they perceive these awkward moments. We do so by looking at how awkwardness is discussed in social and news media during the first wave of the pandemic. Combining a topic modelling of tweets and a thematic text analysis of news articles, we show the main topics representing awkwardness in relation to COVID-19, and how this links to new forms of face-to-face and mediated interactions. Moreover, we demonstrate that experiences of awkwardness often relate to the necessity of bodily and situational co-presence, creating a stronger sense of intimacy, synchronicity and sequency.

Background/objective: The holistic concept of physical literacy (PL) embraces different person-centered qualities (physical, cognitive, affective/psychological) necessary to lead physically active lifestyles. PL has recently gained increasing attention globally and Europe is no exception. However, scientific endeavors summarizing the current state of PL in Europe are lacking. Therefore, the goal of this study was to comprehensively assess and compare the implementation of PL in research, policy, and practice across the continent. Methods: We assembled a panel of experts representing 25 European countries. Employing a complementary mixed-methods design, the experts first prepared reviews about the current state of PL in their countries (categories: research, practice/policy). The reviews underwent comparative document analysis, ensuring a transnational four-eyes principle. For re-validation purposes, the representatives completed a quantitative survey with questions reflecting the inductive themes from the document analysis. Results: The document analysis resulted in ten disjunct themes (related to “concept”, “research”, “practice/policy”, “future/prospect”) and yielded a heterogenous PL situation in Europe. The implementation state was strongly linked to conceptual discussions (e.g., existence of competing approaches), linguistic issues (e.g., translations), and country-specific traditions. Despite growing scholarly attention, PL hesitantly permeates practice and policy in most countries. Nevertheless, the experts largely anticipate increasing popularity of PL for the future. Conclusion: Despite the heterogeneous situation across Europe, the analysis has uncovered similarities among the countries, such as the presence of established yet not identical concepts. Research should intensify academic activities (conceptual-linguistic elaborations, empirical work) before PL may gain further access into practical and polit

The offspring of parents with mental disorders are at increased risk for developing mental disorders themselves. The risk to offspring may extend transdiagnostically to disorders other than those present in the parents. The literature on this topic is vast but mixed. To inform targeted prevention and genetic counseling, we performed a comprehensive, PRISMA 2020-compliant meta-analysis. We systematically searched the literature published up to September 2022 to retrieve original family high-risk and registry studies reporting on the risk of mental disorders in offspring of parents with any type of mental disorder. We performed random-effects meta-analyses of the relative risk (risk ratio, RR) and absolute risk (lifetime, up to the age at assessment) of mental disorders, defined according to the ICD or DSM. Cumulative incidence by offspring age was determined using meta-analytic Kaplan-Meier curves. We measured heterogeneity with the I2 statistic, and risk of bias with the Quality In Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool. Sensitivity analyses addressed the impact of study design (family high-risk vs. registry) and specific vs. transdiagnostic risks. Transdiagnosticity was appraised with the TRANSD criteria. We identified 211 independent studies that reported data on 3,172,115 offspring of parents with psychotic, bipolar, depressive, disruptive, attention-deficit/hyperactivity, anxiety, substance use, eating, obsessive-compulsive, and borderline personality disorders, and 20,428,575 control offspring. The RR and lifetime risk of developing any mental disorder were 3.0 and 55% in offspring of parents with anxiety disorders; 2.6 and 17% in offspring of those with psychosis; 2.1 and 55% in offspring of those with bipolar disorder; 1.9 and 51% in offspring of those with depressive disorders; and 1.5 and 38% in offspring of those with substance use disorders. The offspring's RR and lifetime risk of developing the same mental disorder diagnosed in their parent were 8.

The chapter analyses the links between functional nutrition and human longevity. It overviews current theories of aging and aging-specific noncommunicative diseases. This is followed by an examination of the potential of diets, functional foods, and biologically active substances in maintaining healthy and active longevity.

Objectives: Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a parasitic disease caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Taenia solium. NCC mainly occurs in Africa, Latin America and South-East Asia and can cause a variety of clinical signs/symptoms. Although it is a rare disease in Europe, it should nonetheless be considered as a differential diagnosis. The aim of this study was to describe clinical characteristics and management of patients with NCC diagnosed and treated in Europe. Methods: We conducted a systematic search of published and unpublished data on patients diagnosed with NCC in Europe (2000–2019) and extracted demographic, clinical and radiological information on each case, if available. Results: Out of 293 identified NCC cases, 59% of patients presented initially with epileptic seizures (21% focal onset); 52% presented with headache and 54% had other neurological signs/symptoms. The majority of patients had a travel or migration history (76%), mostly from/to Latin America (38%), Africa (32%) or Asia (30%). Treatment varied largely depending on cyst location and number. The outcome was favorable in 90% of the cases. Conclusions: Management of NCC in Europe varied considerably but often had a good outcome. Travel and migration to and from areas endemic for T. solium will likely result in continued low prevalence of NCC in Europe.Therefore, training and guidance of clinicians is recommended for optimal patient management.

Eastern European health system indicators (e.g., number of health workers and care coverage) suggest well-resourced maternity care systems, but maternal health outcomes compare poorly with those in Western Europe. Often, poor maternal health outcomes are linked to inequities in accessing adequate maternal care. This study investigates access-related barriers (availability, appropriateness, affordability, approachability, and acceptability) to maternity care in Romania, Bulgaria, and Moldova, BackgroundEastern European health system indicators (e.g., number of health workers and care coverage) suggest well-resourced maternity care systems, but maternal health outcomes compare poorly with those in Western Europe. Often, poor maternal health outcomes are linked to inequities in accessing adequate maternal care. This study investigates access-related barriers (availability, appropriateness, affordability, approachability, and acceptability) to maternity care in Romania, Bulgaria, and Moldova. MethodsThis cross-country study (n = 7345) is based on an online survey where women who received maternity care and gave birth in 2015-2018 in Bulgaria (n = 4951), Romania (n = 2018), and Moldova (n = 376) provided information on their experiences with the care received. We used regression analysis to identify factors associated with accessing maternity care across the three countries. ResultsResults show high rates of cesarean births (CB) and a low number of antenatal and postnatal care visits. Informal payments and use of personal connections are common practices. Formal and informal out-of-pocket payments create a financial burden for women with health complications. Women who had health complications, those who gave birth by cesarean, and women who gave birth in a public facility and had fewer antenatal check-ups, were more likely to describe facing access-related barriers. ConclusionsThis study identifies several barriers to high-quality maternity care in Romania, Bulgaria and Moldova. More attention should be paid to the appropriateness of care provided to women with complicated pregnancies, to those who have CBs, to women who give birth in public facilities, and to those who receive fewer antenatal care visits.

Background/objective The holistic concept of physical literacy (PL) embraces different person-centered qualities (physical, cognitive, affective/psychological) necessary to lead physically active lifestyles. PL has recently gained increasing attention globally and Europe is no exception. However, scientific endeavors summarizing the current state of PL in Europe are lacking. Therefore, the goal of this study was to comprehensively assess and compare the implementation of PL in research, policy, and practice across the continent. Methods We assembled a panel of experts representing 25 European countries. Employing a complementary mixed-methods design, the experts first prepared reviews about the current state of PL in their countries (categories: research, practice/policy). The reviews underwent comparative document analysis, ensuring a transnational four-eyes principle. For re-validation purposes, the representatives completed a quantitative survey with questions reflecting the inductive themes from the document analysis. Results The document analysis resulted in ten disjunct themes (related to “concept”, “research”, “practice/policy”, “future/prospect”) and yielded a heterogenous PL situation in Europe. The implementation state was strongly linked to conceptual discussions (e.g., existence of competing approaches), linguistic issues (e.g., translations), and country-specific traditions. Despite growing scholarly attention, PL hesitantly permeates practice and policy in most countries. Nevertheless, the experts largely anticipate increasing popularity of PL for the future. Conclusion Despite the heterogeneous situation across Europe, the analysis has uncovered similarities among the countries, such as the presence of established yet not identical concepts. Research should intensify academic activities (conceptual-linguistic elaborations, empirical work) before PL may gain further access into practical and political spheres in the long term.

Four new species of Laonice (Annelida: Spionidae) are described from the southern and southeastern coasts of Asia: L. (Laonice) persica sp. nov., L. (Laonice) siamica sp. nov., L. (Sarsiana) apicelamella sp. nov. and L. (Sarsiana) andamanica sp. nov. Materials were collected within the scope of different environmental surveys performed by the consulting company Créocéan, ranging from the Persian Gulf (Indian Ocean) on the west, to the Gulf of Siam (Pacific Ocean) on the east. In addition, specimens found in the Gulf of Siam are tentatively attributed to L. (Sarsiana) sinica, and an English translation of the species description is provided for the first time. Different species subgroups within L. (Sarsiana) are also recognized based on key morphologic characters, though their phylogenetic relevance requires further confirmation. The scientific value of biological material collected during environmental surveys is emphasized, and contractors are encouraged to deposit reference collections in public natural history collections.

In this work, we approach the problem of Qur'anic information retrieval (IR) in Arabic and English. Using the latest state-of-the-art methods in neural IR, we research what helps to tackle this task more efficiently. Training retrieval models requires a lot of data, which is difficult to obtain for training in-domain. Therefore, we commence with training on a large amount of general domain data and then continue training on in-domain data. To handle the lack of in-domain data, we employed a data augmentation technique, which considerably improved results in MRR@10 and NDCG@5 metrics, setting the state-of-the-art in Qur'anic IR for both English and Arabic. The absence of an Islamic corpus and domain-specific model for IR task in English motivated us to address this lack of resources and take preliminary steps of the Islamic corpus compilation and domain-specific language model (LM) pre-training, which helped to improve the performance of the retrieval models that use the domain-specific LM as the shared backbone. We examined several language models (LMs) in Arabic to select one that efficiently deals with the Qur'anic IR task. Besides transferring successful experiments from English to Arabic, we conducted additional experiments with retrieval task in Arabic to amortize the scarcity of general domain datasets used to train the retrieval models. Handling Qur'anic IR task combining English and Arabic allowed us to enhance the comparison and share valuable insights across models and languages.

Using language models (LMs) pre-trained in a self-supervised setting on large corpora and then fine-tuning for a downstream task has helped to deal with the problem of limited label data for supervised learning tasks such as Named Entity Recognition (NER). Recent research in biomedical language processing has offered a number of biomedical LMs pre-trained using different methods and techniques that advance results on many BioNLP tasks, including NER. However, there is still a lack of a comprehensive comparison of pre-training approaches that would work more optimally in the biomedical domain. This paper aims to investigate different pre-training methods, such as pre-training the biomedical LM from scratch and pre-training it in a continued fashion. We compare existing methods with our proposed pre-training method of initializing weights for new tokens by distilling existing weights from the BERT model inside the context where the tokens were found. The method helps to speed up the pre-training stage and improve performance on NER. In addition, we compare how masking rate, corruption strategy, and masking strategies impact the performance of the biomedical LM. Finally, using the insights from our experiments, we introduce a new biomedical LM (BIOptimus), which is pre-trained using Curriculum Learning (CL) and contextualized weight distillation method. Our model sets new states of the art on several biomedical Named Entity Recognition (NER) tasks. We release our code and all pre-trained models

This paper aims to apply a new deep learning approach to the task of generating raw audio files. It is based on diffusion models, a recent type of deep generative model. This new type of method has recently shown outstanding results with image generation. A lot of focus has been given to those models by the computer vision community. On the other hand, really few have been given for other types of applications such as music generation in waveform domain. In this paper the model for unconditional generating applied to music is implemented: Progressive distillation diffusion with 1D U-Net. Then, a comparison of different parameters of diffusion and their value in a full result is presented. One big advantage of the methods implemented through this work is the fact that the model is able to deal with progressing audio processing and generating , using transformation from 1-channel 128 x 384 to 3-channel 128 x 128 mel-spectrograms and looped generation. The empirical comparisons are realized across different self-collected datasets., Comment: 9 pages

Introduction. There is currently no universal comprehensive measurement tool for the assessment of children development in the Russian Federation (RF). The Bayley-III scales developed by American researchers are widely used as such a tool. Numerous research groups recognize the need to modify the original scales before using them in a new linguistic and socio-cultural environment. Methods. The authors (a) translated the original Bayley-III manual into Russian, (b) tested the tool by assessing cognitive, language, and motor development of 163 Russian children aged 2-11 months, and (c) made an indirect comparison of the mean scale scores of neuropsychological development and those obtained from the original American sample of children using Student's t-test. Results. The modified version of the Bayley-III manual has been successfully tested in the RF. The indices of language and motor development of the children examined in this study did not statistically differ from the original American data (10 points). Higher scores were obtained for the cognitive scale (10.7 versus 10; p = 0.003). However, this effect was not very pronounced (Cohen's d = 0.25). Discussion. The indices of neuropsychological development of Russian children fully comply with the original Bayley-III norms, which opens up new possibilities for its use in the RF. Slightly higher scores of the cognitive scale among Russian children do not generally affect the compliance with the original tool, since the difference was not significant. The results of this study can be extrapo-lated to full-term Caucasian children aged 2-11 months, whose parents have at least secondary education and average level of earnings. The widespread use of Bayley-III requires its further adaptation in larger and more representative samples of children from different regions of the RF with the additional assessment of social-emotional development as well as adaptive behavior. © 2020, Russian Psychological Society. All rights rese

Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) or lateralized periodic discharges (LPDs) are a well-known variant of pathological EEG activity. However, the mechanisms underpinning the appearance of this pattern are not completely understood. The heterogeneity of the features derived from LPDs patterns, and the wide range of pathological conditions in which they occur, raise a question about the unifying mechanisms underlying these phenomena. This paper reassesses the current opinion surrounding LPDs which considers glutamate excitotoxicity to be the primary pathophysiological basis, and the penumbral region to be the main morphological substrate. Arguments in favour of this hypothesis are presented, with interpretations supported by evidence from recent literature involving clinical and experimental data. Presently, no single hypothesis places considerable emphasis on the pathochemical properties of LPDs, which are implicitly meaningful towards better understanding of the clinical significance of this pattern. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The Tables 1 and 2 were published erroneously. The corrected Tables 1 and 2 were shown in the next page. The publisher sincerely apologizes for this error and any inconvenience caused to the authors and readers of the journal. The original article has been corrected.

Functional changes of cells upon developmental switches and in response to environmental cues are often reflected in nuclear phenotypes, showing distinctive chromatin states corresponding to transcriptional changes. Such characteristic nuclear shapes have been microscopically monitored and can be quantified after differential staining of euchromatin and heterochromatin domains. Here, we examined several nuclear parameters (size, DNA content, DNA density, chromatin compaction, relative heterochromatin fraction (RHF), and number of chromocenters) in relation to spatial distribution of genes and transposon elements (TEs), using standard 2D fluorescence microscopy. We provide nuclear profiles for different cell types and different accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana. A variable, yet significant, fraction of TEs was found outside chromocenters in all cell types, except for guard cells. The latter cell type features nuclei with the highest level of chromatin compaction, while their chromocenters seem to contain gene-rich regions. The highest number of parameter correlations was found in the accession Cvi, whereas Ler showed only few correlations. This may point at differences in phenotype robustness between accessions. The significantly high association of NOR chromocenters in accessions Ws and Cvi corresponds to their low RHF level.

As the screenshot travels through networks and is stored away safely in the depths of our hard drives or cloud depositories, a collection of written and visual works of PrtScn: The Lazy Art of Screenshot unpacks these digital movements, freezes and many points (and pixels) in between. Some of the perspectives such as personal, artistic, communal, surveillant, archival, disruptive, theoretical and political can be delineated within the contributions, but their overlaps are so evident that clustering them under different sections seemed reductive and redundant…, https://www.librarystack.org/prtscn-the-lazy-art-of-screenshot/?ref=unknown

Cost containment and the preferences of older adults are important stimuli for encouraging the provision of informal care worldwide. Nevertheless, informal caregiving can have negative effects on caregiver's health, wellbeing, and employment opportunities. Moreover, it is questionable whether informal caregivers can substantially contribute to meeting the increasing demand for care or serve as a substitute for formally provided services. This commentary assesses strategies to remediate the negative effects of caregiving and ultimately to improve informal caregiving and to support their critical role in European long-term care systems. Cash benefits are a particularly common method of supporting informal caregivers; paid and unpaid leave, and flexible work arrangements are the most prevalent measures to support family caregivers within labor market policy, specifically. Providing training and counseling services to individuals engaged in informal care is a strategy used to support caregivers at home. Disparities in the level of support provided to informal caregivers across the European Union need to be addressed. A lack of supporting policies increases the likelihood that caregivers experience negative physical and psychosocial health problems, as well as unemployment and impoverishment.

IntroductionAorto-left ventricular tunnel (ALVT) accounts for <0.1% of congenital heart defects. Evidence on the prognosis from a fetal perspective is limited. With this retrospective international case series, we provide information on the outcome of fetuses with ALVT.MethodsAll members of the Association for European Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology's (AEPC) fetal working group and fetal medicine units worldwide were invited for participation. We observed antenatal parameters, neonatal outcome and postnatal follow-up. Additionally, a systematic search of the literature was performed.ResultsTwenty fetuses with ALVT were identified in 10 participating centers (2001-2019). Fetal echocardiographic characteristics of ALVT included an increased cardiac-thorax ratio (95%), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (90%) and a dysplastic aortic valve (90%). Extracardiac malformations were rare (5%). Eight fetuses died at a median gestational age (GA) of 21 + 6 weeks (range, 19-24): all showed signs of hydrops prior to 24 weeks or at autopsy. All others (60%, 12/2) were live-born (median GA 38 + 4, range 37-40), underwent surgery and were alive at last follow up (median 3.2 years, range 0.1-17). The literature reported 22 ALVT fetuses with similar outcome.ConclusionsIn the absence of fetal hydrops, ALVT carries a good prognosis. Fetuses who survive to 24 weeks without hydrops are likely to have a good outcome.

The grey wolf (Canis lupus) was the first species to give rise to a domestic population, and they remained widespread throughout the last Ice Age when many other large mammal species went extinct. Little is known, however, about the history and possible extinction of past wolf populations or when and where the wolf progenitors of the present-day dog lineage (Canis familiaris) lived1-8. Here we analysed 72 ancient wolf genomes spanning the last 100,000 years from Europe, Siberia and North America. We found that wolf populations were highly connected throughout the Late Pleistocene, with levels of differentiation an order of magnitude lower than they are today. This population connectivity allowed us to detect natural selection across the time series, including rapid fixation of mutations in the gene IFT88 40,000-30,000 years ago. We show that dogs are overall more closely related to ancient wolves from eastern Eurasia than to those from western Eurasia, suggesting a domestication process in the east. However, we also found that dogs in the Near East and Africa derive up to half of their ancestry from a distinct population related to modern southwest Eurasian wolves, reflecting either an independent domestication process or admixture from local wolves. None of the analysed ancient wolf genomes is a direct match for either of these dog ancestries, meaning that the exact progenitor populations remain to be located.

Introduction Aorto-left ventricular tunnel (ALVT) accounts for <0.1% of congenital heart defects. Evidence on the prognosis from a fetal perspective is limited. With this retrospective international case series, we provide information on the outcome of fetuses with ALVT. Methods All members of the Association for European Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology's (AEPC) fetal working group and fetal medicine units worldwide were invited for participation. We observed antenatal parameters, neonatal outcome and postnatal follow-up. Additionally, a systematic search of the literature was performed. Results Twenty fetuses with ALVT were identified in 10 participating centers (2001-2019). Fetal echocardiographic characteristics of ALVT included an increased cardiac-thorax ratio (95%), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (90%) and a dysplastic aortic valve (90%). Extracardiac malformations were rare (5%). Eight fetuses died at a median gestational age (GA) of 21 + 6 weeks (range, 19-24): all showed signs of hydrops prior to 24 weeks or at autopsy. All others (60%, 12/2) were live-born (median GA 38 + 4, range 37-40), underwent surgery and were alive at last follow up (median 3.2 years, range 0.1-17). The literature reported 22 ALVT fetuses with similar outcome. Conclusions In the absence of fetal hydrops, ALVT carries a good prognosis. Fetuses who survive to 24 weeks without hydrops are likely to have a good outcome.

This study investigates the psychometric properties of brief COPE in Russian schoolteachers. A total of 773 (91% female; M = 43, SD = 9.79) teachers participated in the study. Principal component analysis (PCA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were applied to assess the psychometric properties of the brief COPE. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was used to assess the construct validity. The main result of the current research is a revised structure for the brief COPE consisting of six sub-scales: «socio-emotional support», «religion», «acceptance», «problem-focused coping», «avoidance», and «humor». The goodness-of-fit criteria were as follows: SRMR = 0.054, RMSEA = 0.064, CFI = 0.888, and TLI = 869. Overall, the Russian version of the brief COPE shows acceptable psychometric properties and may be applied by researchers, school administrators, and psychologists; however, the reliability of the “avoidance” scale is doubtful and must be considered before application. © 2022 by the authors.

The grey wolf (Canis lupus) was the first species to give rise to a domestic population, and they remained widespread throughout the last Ice Age when many other large mammal species went extinct. Little is known, however, about the history and possible extinction of past wolf populations or when and where the wolf progenitors of the present-day dog lineage (Canis familiaris) lived1–8. Here we analysed 72 ancient wolf genomes spanning the last 100,000 years from Europe, Siberia and North America. We found that wolf populations were highly connected throughout the Late Pleistocene, with levels of differentiation an order of magnitude lower than they are today. This population connectivity allowed us to detect natural selection across the time series, including rapid fixation of mutations in the gene IFT88 40,000–30,000 years ago. We show that dogs are overall more closely related to ancient wolves from eastern Eurasia than to those from western Eurasia, suggesting a domestication process in the east. However, we also found that dogs in the Near East and Africa derive up to half of their ancestry from a distinct population related to modern southwest Eurasian wolves, reflecting either an independent domestication process or admixture from local wolves. None of the analysed ancient wolf genomes is a direct match for either of these dog ancestries, meaning that the exact progenitor populations remain to be located. © 2022, The Author(s).

Studiens syfte var att undersöka relationen mellan chefens personlighet utifrån femfaktorsmodellen och anställdas arbetsupplevelse utifrån krav-kontroll-stödmodellen när arbete skedde på distans. Pearsons korrelationsanalys genomfördes för att ge en översikt över relationen mellan chefens personlighet och anställdas arbetsupplevelse. Vidare undersöktes hur mycket av chefens personlighet förklarade variationer i anställdas arbetsupplevelse samt om och hur respektive personlighetsdimension predicerade anställdas arbetsupplevelse samt delkategorierna krav, kontroll och stöd. Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) användes för att mäta chefens personlighet. Fem delskalor från QPS Nordic (34+) med koppling till krav-kontroll-stödmodellen användes för att mäta anställdas arbetsupplevelse. Resultaten påvisade signifikanta samband mellan respektive personlighetsdimension och anställdas arbetsupplevelse. 57.9% av variationer i anställdas arbetsupplevelse kunde förklaras av chefens personlighet baserat på femfaktorsmodellen. Samvetsgrannhet var den enda personlighetsdimensionen hos chefen som enskilt hade en signifikant prediktion på anställdas totala arbetsupplevelse och samtliga delkategorier. Extraversion hos chefen hade en signifikant prediktion på anställdas upplevelse av kontroll., The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the leader's personality and employees experience of work in a distance context. The study investigated if there was a significant correlation between the leader's personality, based on the five-factory-model, and employees' experience of work, based on the demand-control-support-model. Furthermore, the study explored how much the leader's personality explained the variation in employees' experience of work. Ten Item Personality (TIPI) was used to measure the personality of the boss. Ten questions from QPS Nordic (34+) were used to measure work-experience. The results showed a significant correlation between the leader's personality and distance-workers' experience of work. 57.9% of the variation in the employees' experience of work could be explained by the leader's personality. Concisentiousness was the only dimension that had a significant effect on employees' total experience of work. Extraversion had a significant effect on employees' sense of control.