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Biological markers (BMs) are organic compounds in oils in which a precursor is known, and during the transformation of organic matter these compounds undergo certain structural and stereochemical changes. Based on the established precursors of BMs, the origin of the examined oils can be estimated, and based on the intensity and the type of changes and also geological history. It includes defining the deposition medium, the degree of maturation, the length of the oil migration path, the degree of biodegradation. The most studied and applied BMs are normal alkanes, isoprenoid aliphatic alkanes pristane and phytane, and polycyclic alkanes of the sterane and terapane type. On the other hand, in the environmental chemistry, these compounds can significantly contribute to the identification of petroleum pollutants, as well as to the assessment of the migration mechanism and the intensity of biodegradation. This review paper first presents the results related to the application of BMs in the organic geochemical correlations of oil in the south-eastern part of the Pannonian Basin (I). The second part provides an overview of those researches in which the same BMs were used in the identification of oil pollutants and in monitoring their changes during the migration and the biodegradation in rivers and river sediments of Serbia (II).

Biological markers (BMs) are organic compounds in oils in which a precursor is known, and during the transformation of organic matter these compounds undergo certain structural and stereochemical changes. Based on the established precursors of BMs, the origin of the examined oils can be estimated, and based on the intensity and the type of changes and also geological history. It includes defining the deposition medium, the degree of maturation, the length of the oil migration path, the degree of biodegradation. The most studied and applied BMs are normal alkanes, isoprenoid aliphatic alkanes pristane and phytane, and polycyclic alkanes of the sterane and terapane type. On the other hand, in the environmental chemistry, these compounds can significantly contribute to the identification of petroleum pollutants, as well as to the assessment of the migration mechanism and the intensity of biodegradation. This review paper first presents the results related to the application of BMs in the organic geochemical correlations of oil in the south-eastern part of the Pannonian Basin (I). The second part provides an overview of those researches in which the same BMs were used in the identification of oil pollutants and in monitoring their changes during the migration and the biodegradation in rivers and river sediments of Serbia (II).

Bioremediation is cheap, efficient, green technology that provides degradation of organic compounds by microorganisms. Products of biodegradation can be less toxic compounds or CO2 and H2O, when biodegradation is complete. The aim of this research was detection and biodegradation of petroleum pollutants in the groundwater from alluvial aquifer of the Sava river in the vicinity of one of the largest district heating plants in New Belgrade (Serbia). The heating plant “New Belgrade” has been using petroleum products as fuel for decades. Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) were analyzed in 10 groundwater samples collected from boreholes at the depths from 8 to 11 m. From these samples, TPH were isolated using extraction method with n-hexane. TPH was further analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). In this study bioremediation was applied in order to degrade TPH in the groundwater of the investigated location. This research lasted for one year [1]. In the sample P-5 the initial concentration of TPH was 1.39 mg/L and it was 0.02 mg/L at the end of the bioremediation, with TPH reduction of 98.55 %. In the sample P-6, the initial concentration of TPH was 1.76 mg/L, while at the end of the bioremediation it was 0.03 mg/L, with TPH reduction of 98.30 %. In the sample P-7, the initial concentration of TPH was 1.57 mg/L, and at the end of bioremediation it was 0.03 mg/L with TPH reduction of 98.09 %. It can be concluded that this approach was very successful, with an efficiency of approximately 100 % [1, 2].

Biological markers (BMs) are organic compounds in oils in which a precursor is known, and during the transformation of organic matter these compounds undergo certain structural and stereochemical changes. Based on the established precursors of BMs, the origin of the examined oils can be estimated, and based on the intensity and the type of changes and also geological history. It includes defining the deposition medium, the degree of maturation, the length of the oil migration path, the degree of biodegradation. The most studied and applied BMs are normal alkanes, isoprenoid aliphatic alkanes pristane and phytane, and polycyclic alkanes of the sterane and terapane type. On the other hand, in the environmental chemistry, these compounds can significantly contribute to the identification of petroleum pollutants, as well as to the assessment of the migration mechanism and the intensity of biodegradation. This review paper first presents the results related to the application of BMs in the organic geochemical correlations of oil in the south-eastern part of the Pannonian Basin (I). The second part provides an overview of those researches in which the same BMs were used in the identification of oil pollutants and in monitoring their changes during the migration and the biodegradation in rivers and river sediments of Serbia (II).

Petroleum pollutants and organic waste are both important environmental issues. Biochar is a highly complex and heterogenous material consisting of both organic and inorganic compounds obtained by thermal degradation of organic wastes. Using biochar for removal of petroleum pollutants could decrease the environmental impact of both petroleum pollutants and organic waste. Furthermore, immobilising microorganisms on biochar could increase removal trough the effect of biosorption and eventually biodegradation. The aim of this research was to examine the efficiency of removal of petroleum hydrocarbons using biochar, microbial consortium and their combination. Microorganisms were isolated from soil polluted with hydrocarbons and enriched on media supplemented with diesel, while two biochar samples (made from wheat straw pellets and sewage sludge) were used as adsorbers and carriers for immobilization of these hydrocarbon degrading microorganisms. The remediation study was performed on water samples prepared in laboratory condition by adding crude oil and minerals into the distilled water. The period of the remediation was 96 days, while the analysis of the removal and degradation of petroleum pollutants was performed every 32 days for each sample. Measurement of the removal of total petroleum pollutants was followed gravimetrically measuring fraction of extracted soluble organic matter, separated saturated and aromatic fractions of crude oil that remained in water phase. Furthermore, saturated and aromatic fractions were analysed by GC-MS. From the obtained results it can be seen that more than 99% of crude oil was removed from numerous water samples and that microorganisms primarily degrade n-alkanes over other groups of compounds. In further studies, if method effectiveness proven successful, should be tested on real samples and it should be scaled up for industrial purposes.

In this paper an applied organic geochemical approach in studying the nature of organic matter (OM) in water and sediments of the River Ibar (upsteream and downstream of towns Kosovska Mitrovica and Kraljevo) was used. A forensic approach that relies on the fact that the composition of OM of recent sediments and oil varies due to geological age and maturity was applied. The content of bitumen, its group composition of saturated, aromatic and NSO compounds (nitrogen, sulphur, and oxygen compounds) and the distribution of n-alkanes in saturated fractions identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (in almost all samples incorporated into the colloidal micelles formed by water and NSO compounds) could not answer the question whether OM in isolated extracts has native or anthropogenic origin. However, the presence of sterane and terpane, with the distribution of structural and stereochemical isomers characteristic of oil, as a form of most matture OM in sediments, unambiguously confirmed presence of oil type pollutants in anlayzed samples. Based on significant differences in the distributions of these polycyclic alkane (water-water, sediment-sediment and water-sediment), it was concluded that they have more than one source of pollution, and that the River Ibar is permanently exposed to this form of pollution.

In this paper an applied organic geochemical approach in studying the nature of organic matter (OM) in water and sediments of the River Ibar (upsteream and downstream of towns Kosovska Mitrovica and Kraljevo) was used. A forensic approach that relies on the fact that the composition of OM of recent sediments and oil varies due to geological age and maturity was applied. The content of bitumen, its group composition of saturated, aromatic and NSO compounds (nitrogen, sulphur, and oxygen compounds) and the distribution of n-alkanes in saturated fractions identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (in almost all samples incorporated into the colloidal micelles formed by water and NSO compounds) could not answer the question whether OM in isolated extracts has native or anthropogenic origin. However, the presence of sterane and terpane, with the distribution of structural and stereochemical isomers characteristic of oil, as a form of most matture OM in sediments, unambiguously confirmed presence of oil type pollutants in anlayzed samples. Based on significant differences in the distributions of these polycyclic alkane (water-water, sediment-sediment and water-sediment), it was concluded that they have more than one source of pollution, and that the River Ibar is permanently exposed to this form of pollution.

In this paper an applied organic geochemical approach in studying the nature of organic matter (OM) in water and sediments of the River Ibar (upsteream and downstream of towns Kosovska Mitrovica and Kraljevo) was used. A forensic approach that relies on the fact that the composition of OM of recent sediments and oil varies due to geological age and maturity was applied. The content of bitumen, its group composition of saturated, aromatic and NSO compounds (nitrogen, sulphur, and oxygen compounds) and the distribution of n-alkanes in saturated fractions identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (in almost all samples incorporated into the colloidal micelles formed by water and NSO compounds) could not answer the question whether OM in isolated extracts has native or anthropogenic origin. However, the presence of sterane and terpane, with the distribution of structural and stereochemical isomers characteristic of oil, as a form of most matture OM in sediments, unambiguously confirmed presence of oil type pollutants in anlayzed samples. Based on significant differences in the distributions of these polycyclic alkane (water-water, sediment-sediment and water-sediment), it was concluded that they have more than one source of pollution, and that the River Ibar is permanently exposed to this form of pollution.

In this paper an applied organic geochemical approach in studying the nature of organic matter (OM) in water and sediments of the River Ibar (upsteream and downstream of towns Kosovska Mitrovica and Kraljevo) was used. A forensic approach that relies on the fact that the composition of OM of recent sediments and oil varies due to geological age and maturity was applied. The content of bitumen, its group composition of saturated, aromatic and NSO compounds (nitrogen, sulphur, and oxygen compounds) and the distribution of n-alkanes in saturated fractions identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (in almost all samples incorporated into the colloidal micelles formed by water and NSO compounds) could not answer the question whether OM in isolated extracts has native or anthropogenic origin. However, the presence of sterane and terpane, with the distribution of structural and stereochemical isomers characteristic of oil, as a form of most matture OM in sediments, unambiguously confirmed presence of oil type pollutants in anlayzed samples. Based on significant differences in the distributions of these polycyclic alkane (water-water, sediment-sediment and water-sediment), it was concluded that they have more than one source of pollution, and that the River Ibar is permanently exposed to this form of pollution.

U ovom radu, proučavana je mogućnost primene autohtonog zimogenog konzorcijuma mikroorganizama za bioremedijaciju naftnog zagađenja, kao i mogućnost nastanka huminskih supstanci tokom procesa bioremedijacije. Naime, neki istraživači smatraju da tokom biorazgradnje policikličnih aromatičnih ugljovodonika (PAH) nastaju supstance slične huminskim, što je veoma značajno, s’ obzirom da huminske supstance predstavljaju jedan od ključnih elemenata kvaliteta zemljišta. U cilju ispitivanja navedene hipoteze, dizajniranirano je pilot postrojenje za bioremedijaciju, i praćenje promena u ugljovodoničnom sastavu, kao i promena u sastavu huminskih supstanci.

Poster presented at: 6. Simpozijum Hemija i zaštita životne sredine »Envirochem 2013«,, Vršac 21-24. maj 2013

U ovom radu, proučavana je mogućnost primene autohtonog zimogenog konzorcijuma mikroorganizama za bioremedijaciju naftnog zagađenja, kao i mogućnost nastanka huminskih supstanci tokom procesa bioremedijacije. Naime, neki istraživači smatraju da tokom biorazgradnje policikličnih aromatičnih ugljovodonika (PAH) nastaju supstance slične huminskim, što je veoma značajno, s’ obzirom da huminske supstance predstavljaju jedan od ključnih elemenata kvaliteta zemljišta. U cilju ispitivanja navedene hipoteze, dizajniranirano je pilot postrojenje za bioremedijaciju, i praćenje promena u ugljovodoničnom sastavu, kao i promena u sastavu huminskih supstanci.

Poster presented at: 6. Simpozijum Hemija i zaštita životne sredine »Envirochem 2013«,, Vršac 21-24. maj 2013

U ovom radu, proučavana je mogućnost primene autohtonog zimogenog konzorcijuma mikroorganizama za bioremedijaciju naftnog zagađenja, kao i mogućnost nastanka huminskih supstanci tokom procesa bioremedijacije. Naime, neki istraživači smatraju da tokom biorazgradnje policikličnih aromatičnih ugljovodonika (PAH) nastaju supstance slične huminskim, što je veoma značajno, s’ obzirom da huminske supstance predstavljaju jedan od ključnih elemenata kvaliteta zemljišta. U cilju ispitivanja navedene hipoteze, dizajniranirano je pilot postrojenje za bioremedijaciju, i praćenje promena u ugljovodoničnom sastavu, kao i promena u sastavu huminskih supstanci.

Poster presented at: 6. Simpozijum Hemija i zaštita životne sredine »Envirochem 2013«,, Vršac 21-24. maj 2013

U ovom radu, proučavana je mogućnost primene autohtonog zimogenog konzorcijuma mikroorganizama za bioremedijaciju naftnog zagađenja, kao i mogućnost nastanka huminskih supstanci tokom procesa bioremedijacije. Naime, neki istraživači smatraju da tokom biorazgradnje policikličnih aromatičnih ugljovodonika (PAH) nastaju supstance slične huminskim, što je veoma značajno, s’ obzirom da huminske supstance predstavljaju jedan od ključnih elemenata kvaliteta zemljišta. U cilju ispitivanja navedene hipoteze, dizajniranirano je pilot postrojenje za bioremedijaciju, i praćenje promena u ugljovodoničnom sastavu, kao i promena u sastavu huminskih supstanci.

Poster presented at: 6. Simpozijum Hemija i zaštita životne sredine »Envirochem 2013«,, Vršac 21-24. maj 2013