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The pH spectrophotometric method is the gold standard to measure pH in the ocean and detect ocean acidification trends due to the anthropogenic carbon uptake from the atmosphere into the ocean. The pH method has an accuracy of about 0.003 and a precision of about 0.0004 pH units. The method has evolved since the 1990s when defined using manual approaches and unpurified dyes to currently automated methods using expensive and cumbersome to obtain purified dyes. From a collection of about 300 paired measurements of unpurified and purified pH measurements along with DIC and TA from natural samples in the Eastern North Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea we find that contrary to expected, unpurified and purified pH measurements calculated with the proper corresponding functions agree to within 0.003 pH units for waters with pH >7.95, while waters with lower pH, calculated unpurified pH is higher than purified pH. Applying the purposed correction from unpur to pur pH as explained in the literature is not straight forward, the community risks for an incoherence in the pH time series. Clearly, we need a definition and evaluation of the unpur to pur correction on real seawater samples by different labs, and look for a consensus agreement on seawater pH definition (scales!, ionic model), metrology, and on the Standard Operational Procedure, where loose issues are still present

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado., The washing of Panca chili seeds requires innovative solutions that allow controlling this process. It is necessary to handle variables (conductivity, pH, colorimetry) in the face of the challenge of working with small seeds. At present, there are no machines that are dedicated to the washing of this type of seeds, since in many companies this work is done manually, which is not the one indicated because this technique cannot guarantee homogeneity in the seed washing. In addition, direct handling of this type of seeds can cause irritation to the eyes and skin of the person who maintains contact with the seeds. That is why, it is proposed to make a machine to scale by means of a motorized rotary agitator inside a tank, in order to guarantee the homogeneity of the mixture when washing seeds. The present work will allow to determine, among two different types of agitators (axial and radial), which type of agitator is the most efficient in the washing of seeds of Panca chili, to achieve this objective the measurement of pH and electrical conductivity to the water will be carried after the mixture, after stirring. Finally, the analysis of the tests performed on the mixture obtained and washed by each type of agitator allowed to identify the turbine-type radial agitator, like the one that obtained greater efficiency in the washing of seeds, with respect to the helical agitator and pallets, designed for development of this work, in turn, could also confirm that this type of palette with the conductivity control allows to guarantee the homogeneity of the mixture during washing. © 2021, The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG., Revisión por pares

This work deals with the treatment of the wastewaters resulting from the process of dyeing flowers. In some local cases for growing flowers near to Medellin (Colombia), wastewater color was found to be one of the main problems in meeting local effluent standards. Wastewaters were treated by photodegradation process (which includes photocatalysis) to achieve the degradation of dyes mixture and organic matter in the wastewater. A multifactorial experimental design was proposed, including as experimental factors the following variables: pH, and the concentration of both catalyst (TiO(2)) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). According to the obtained results, at the optimized variables values, it is possible to reach a 99% reduction of dyes, a 76.9% of mineralization (TOC) and a final biodegradability of 0.834. Kinetic analysis allows proposing a pseudo first order reaction for the reduction, the mineralization, and the biodegradation processes.

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado., The washing of Panca chili seeds requires innovative solutions that allow controlling this process. It is necessary to handle variables (conductivity, pH, colorimetry) in the face of the challenge of working with small seeds. At present, there are no machines that are dedicated to the washing of this type of seeds, since in many companies this work is done manually, which is not the one indicated because this technique cannot guarantee homogeneity in the seed washing. In addition, direct handling of this type of seeds can cause irritation to the eyes and skin of the person who maintains contact with the seeds. That is why, it is proposed to make a machine to scale by means of a motorized rotary agitator inside a tank, in order to guarantee the homogeneity of the mixture when washing seeds. The present work will allow to determine, among two different types of agitators (axial and radial), which type of agitator is the most efficient in the washing of seeds of Panca chili, to achieve this objective the measurement of pH and electrical conductivity to the water will be carried after the mixture, after stirring. Finally, the analysis of the tests performed on the mixture obtained and washed by each type of agitator allowed to identify the turbine-type radial agitator, like the one that obtained greater efficiency in the washing of seeds, with respect to the helical agitator and pallets, designed for development of this work, in turn, could also confirm that this type of palette with the conductivity control allows to guarantee the homogeneity of the mixture during washing. © 2021, The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG., Revisión por pares

Scientific study Acid Rain attacked South West Sweden 1960–1990, making well water acid, causing Cu dissolution from pipes, disturbing intestines. In a scientific study Ca was 6 times higher in alkaline well waters and hair. Women drinking acid water were unhealthy. Case studies Case studies: 1 (woman): Scleroderma had caused shortened finger tips, and loss of hair. Urinary pH was 5. Hair analysis showed severe mineral imbalances. After 1.5 years of treatment with supplements and increasing urinary pH with NaHCO3, symptoms disappeared. 2 (woman): Fibromyalgia, cataract, constipation and basal carcinoma was treated by increasing urinary pH with limestone, and supplements. 3 (man). Fe in drinking water, 3.4 mg/L, had caused intestinal disturbances and subsequent symptoms. Fe was elevated in hair. Aloe vera juice, lactic bacteria and digestive enzymes healed his intestines. Mg, antagonist to Fe, decreased severity of Fe overload. Drinking water guideline of 0.2 mg Fe/L is suggested., QC 20201217

Mineral scales are a current phenomenon in the oil industry that may be controlled to avoid expensive operational problems. To minimize these problems, it is necessary the application of chemical treatments known as inhibitors which are evaluated considering few parameters such as calcium hardness or pH. As a consequence, a methodology which jointly takes into account physicochemical properties to evaluate efficiency of calcium carbonate scale inhibitors was developed; two commercial products and one organic antiscalant derived from the cayenne mucilage were used. In the first place, an evaluative methodology schematization to be developed was carried out, based on the union of three phases: assessment using the NACE Standard TM 0374-2007, which takes into account calcium hardness; the Langelier saturation index to determine the water scaling nature and a continuous pH measurement model developed by Zhang, Wu, Li and Zhao. Later, to validate the proposal, three samples of synthetic brines were characterized, and consecutively, considering different dosages (55, 100 and 300 ppm) of the inhibitor products, the established methodology was applied. It was concluded that this new proposal allows evaluating the selected inhibitors performance in each of their stages, to accurately determine their antiscaling capacity in synthetic brines samples at different concentrations, where the mineral scales deposition of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is expected., Las incrustaciones minerales representan un fenómeno recurrente en la industria petrolera que puede ser controlado para evitar problemas operacionales costosos. Para ello se requiere de la aplicación de tratamientos químicos conocidos como inhibidores, los cuales son evaluados tomando en cuenta propiedades como la dureza cálcica o el pH, de manera independiente. Con base en lo expuesto, se desarrolló una metodología que permitió involucrar de forma conjunta distintos parámetros fisicoquímicos para evaluar la eficiencia de inhibidores de incrustaciones de carbonato de calcio; para efectos de esta investigación, se utilizaron dos productos comerciales y un inhibidor natural a base del mucílago extraído de la planta de cayena. En primer lugar, se realizó una esquematización de la metodología evaluativa que se quería desarrollar y que se fundamentó en la unión de tres etapas: valoración mediante la norma NACE TM 0374-2007, que toma en cuenta la dureza cálcica; el índice de saturación de Langelier para determinar la naturaleza incrustante de las aguas y un modelo de medición de pH continúo desarrollado por Zhang, Wu, Li y Zhao. Posteriormente, como parte de la validación de la propuesta, se caracterizaron tres muestras de salmueras sintéticas, y consecutivamente, considerando distintas dosificaciones (55, 100 y 300 ppm) de los productos inhibidores, se aplicó la metodología establecida. Se concluyó que esta nueva propuesta permite evaluar el desempeño de los inhibidores seleccionados en cada una de sus etapas, para así determinar más certeramente la capacidad antiincrustante de los mismos en muestras de salmueras sintéticas a distintas concentraciones, donde se prevea la deposición de incrustaciones minerales de carbonato de calcio (CaCO3).

Mineral scales are a current phenomenon in the oil industry that may be controlled to avoid expensive operational problems. To minimize these problems, it is necessary the application of chemical treatments known as inhibitors which are evaluated considering few parameters such as calcium hardness or pH. As a consequence, a methodology which jointly takes into account physicochemical properties to evaluate efficiency of calcium carbonate scale inhibitors was developed; two commercial products and one organic antiscalant derived from the cayenne mucilage were used. In the first place, an evaluative methodology schematization to be developed was carried out, based on the union of three phases: assessment using the NACE Standard TM 0374-2007, which takes into account calcium hardness; the Langelier saturation index to determine the water scaling nature and a continuous pH measurement model developed by Zhang, Wu, Li and Zhao. Later, to validate the proposal, three samples of synthetic brines were characterized, and consecutively, considering different dosages (55, 100 and 300 ppm) of the inhibitor products, the established methodology was applied. It was concluded that this new proposal allows evaluating the selected inhibitors performance in each of their stages, to accurately determine their antiscaling capacity in synthetic brines samples at different concentrations, where the mineral scales deposition of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is expected., Las incrustaciones minerales representan un fenómeno recurrente en la industria petrolera que puede ser controlado para evitar problemas operacionales costosos. Para ello se requiere de la aplicación de tratamientos químicos conocidos como inhibidores, los cuales son evaluados tomando en cuenta propiedades como la dureza cálcica o el pH, de manera independiente. Con base en lo expuesto, se desarrolló una metodología que permitió involucrar de forma conjunta distintos parámetros fisicoquímicos para evaluar la eficiencia de inhibidores de incrustaciones de carbonato de calcio; para efectos de esta investigación, se utilizaron dos productos comerciales y un inhibidor natural a base del mucílago extraído de la planta de cayena. En primer lugar, se realizó una esquematización de la metodología evaluativa que se quería desarrollar y que se fundamentó en la unión de tres etapas: valoración mediante la norma NACE TM 0374-2007, que toma en cuenta la dureza cálcica; el índice de saturación de Langelier para determinar la naturaleza incrustante de las aguas y un modelo de medición de pH continúo desarrollado por Zhang, Wu, Li y Zhao. Posteriormente, como parte de la validación de la propuesta, se caracterizaron tres muestras de salmueras sintéticas, y consecutivamente, considerando distintas dosificaciones (55, 100 y 300 ppm) de los productos inhibidores, se aplicó la metodología establecida. Se concluyó que esta nueva propuesta permite evaluar el desempeño de los inhibidores seleccionados en cada una de sus etapas, para así determinar más certeramente la capacidad antiincrustante de los mismos en muestras de salmueras sintéticas a distintas concentraciones, donde se prevea la deposición de incrustaciones minerales de carbonato de calcio (CaCO3).

A miniaturized 3D-printed device has been designed, manufactured and validated to perform as a low-cost sensor for compositional analysis of buffered and non-buffered solutions in industrial or remote areas. The proposed sensor takes advantage of the transport phenomenon and colorimetric measurements. The novel design can simultaneously detect the ionic strength of the solution by measuring the diffusion width of the ions and the pH by image analysis of the pH indicator color change. The results showed that it can detect pH variations of 0.25 and ionic measure difference of 0.1 M in non-buffer solutions. In addition, the design showed its adaptability to be used as a self-referencing sensor. The 3D-printed sensor presented here is not only successful in the evaluation of some important chemical characteristics but also brings flexibility, cost-effectiveness, swiftness and user-friendliness., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

Aim: To evaluate the trend in presentation and postoperative outcomes of infants with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) over the last decade. Method(s): This was a multicentre retrospective study in two tertiary paediatric centres between 2005 and 2015 inclusive. Participants included 626 infants who underwent a pyloromyotomy for HPS. We collected data on presentation features (age, weight, clinical signs, blood gas results, ultrasound findings) and postoperative outcomes (length of stay (LOS), complications, time to first postoperative feed). Result(s): No trend was identified during the study period with regards to age, weight, biochemical findings (pH, chloride, base excess) or pre-operative ultrasound measurements. There was a downtrend in the number of palpated tumours over time, with a mean of 36% of tumours clinically palpated. Pyloric wall thickness had a moderate association with LOS in patients admitted for >8 days (correlation = 0.4752) but had a weak negative association with shorter lengths of stay (<=8 day, correlation = -0.094). Overall, median time to first feed was 7.80 h and improved yearly during the study period (hazard ratio = 1.07). Conclusion(s): Patients presenting with HPS are not being identified at an earlier age or with fewer biochemical derangements, in contrast to our initial perceptions. Subsequently, biochemical derangements can still play an important role in the diagnosis of HPS, and attention needs to be given to fluid management and electrolyte correction in all patients with HPS.Copyright © 2019 Paediatrics and Child Health Division (The Royal Australasian College of Physicians)

An alternative mechanism of electrical conductivity in water is considered. Calculations of activation energies for flow and ionization show their proportionality. Therefore, it is assumed that during the water ionization, not intramolecular forces are involved, but intermolecular and electrical conductivity of water is associated with the appearance in it of L and D defects in hydrogen bonds between water molecules considered in the Bjerrum model for ice

Aim: To evaluate the trend in presentation and postoperative outcomes of infants with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) over the last decade. Method(s): This was a multicentre retrospective study in two tertiary paediatric centres between 2005 and 2015 inclusive. Participants included 626 infants who underwent a pyloromyotomy for HPS. We collected data on presentation features (age, weight, clinical signs, blood gas results, ultrasound findings) and postoperative outcomes (length of stay (LOS), complications, time to first postoperative feed). Result(s): No trend was identified during the study period with regards to age, weight, biochemical findings (pH, chloride, base excess) or pre-operative ultrasound measurements. There was a downtrend in the number of palpated tumours over time, with a mean of 36% of tumours clinically palpated. Pyloric wall thickness had a moderate association with LOS in patients admitted for >8 days (correlation = 0.4752) but had a weak negative association with shorter lengths of stay (<=8 day, correlation = -0.094). Overall, median time to first feed was 7.80 h and improved yearly during the study period (hazard ratio = 1.07). Conclusion(s): Patients presenting with HPS are not being identified at an earlier age or with fewer biochemical derangements, in contrast to our initial perceptions. Subsequently, biochemical derangements can still play an important role in the diagnosis of HPS, and attention needs to be given to fluid management and electrolyte correction in all patients with HPS.Copyright © 2019 Paediatrics and Child Health Division (The Royal Australasian College of Physicians)

Background: Fetal scalp blood sampling for lactate estimation may be considered following identification of an abnormal or non-reassuring fetal heart rate pattern. The smaller volume of blood required for this test, compared with the more traditional pH estimation, may improve sampling rates. The appropriate use of this practice mandates systematic review of its safety and clinical effectiveness prior to widespread introduction. Objective(s): To evaluate the effectiveness and risks of fetal scalp lactate sampling in the assessment of fetal well-being during labour, compared with no testing or alternative testing. Search Method(s): We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (31 January 2015). Selection Criteria: All published and unpublished randomised and quasi-randomised trials that compared fetal scalp lactate testing with no testing or alternative testing to evaluate fetal status in the presence of a non-reassuring cardiotocograph during labour. Data Collection and Analysis: We used the standard methodological procedures of the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group. Two review authors independently assessed the studies. Main Result(s): The search identified two completed randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and two ongoing trials. The two published RCTs considered outcomes for 3348 mother-baby pairs allocated to either lactate or pH estimation of fetal blood samples when clinically indicated in labour. Overall, the published RCTs were of low or unclear risk of bias. There was a high risk of performance bias, because it would not have been feasible to blind clinicians or participants. No statistically significant between-group differences were found for neonatal encephalopathy (risk ratio (RR) 1.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.32 to 3.09, one study, 2992 infants) or death. No studies reported neonatal seizures. We had planned to report death with other morbidities, for example, neonatal encephalopathy; however, the data were not

Background: Fetal scalp blood sampling for lactate estimation may be considered following identification of an abnormal or non-reassuring fetal heart rate pattern. The smaller volume of blood required for this test, compared with the more traditional pH estimation, may improve sampling rates. The appropriate use of this practice mandates systematic review of its safety and clinical effectiveness prior to widespread introduction. Objective(s): To evaluate the effectiveness and risks of fetal scalp lactate sampling in the assessment of fetal well-being during labour, compared with no testing or alternative testing. Search Method(s): We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (31 January 2015). Selection Criteria: All published and unpublished randomised and quasi-randomised trials that compared fetal scalp lactate testing with no testing or alternative testing to evaluate fetal status in the presence of a non-reassuring cardiotocograph during labour. Data Collection and Analysis: We used the standard methodological procedures of the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group. Two review authors independently assessed the studies. Main Result(s): The search identified two completed randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and two ongoing trials. The two published RCTs considered outcomes for 3348 mother-baby pairs allocated to either lactate or pH estimation of fetal blood samples when clinically indicated in labour. Overall, the published RCTs were of low or unclear risk of bias. There was a high risk of performance bias, because it would not have been feasible to blind clinicians or participants. No statistically significant between-group differences were found for neonatal encephalopathy (risk ratio (RR) 1.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.32 to 3.09, one study, 2992 infants) or death. No studies reported neonatal seizures. We had planned to report death with other morbidities, for example, neonatal encephalopathy; however, the data were not

Positive and negative pulsed discharge plasma is generated above test liquid containing NaCl in Ar atmosphere, and the spatiotemporal variation of pH value in the liquid is visualized by a colorimetric method using bromothymol blue. Furthermore, polarity effects on H 2 O 2 generation are examined by electrochemical calculation and a colorimetric method using titanium sulfate. When the positive pulsed discharge plasma is generated, the pH value of the liquid is decreased by H + generation through the dissociation of H 2 O + , formed by the charge exchange reaction between Ar + and H 2 O, while the pH value of the vicinity of an earthed electrode is increased by OH - generation through the electrolysis of water. When the negative pulsed discharge plasma is generated, the pH value of the liquid is increased by OH - generation and H + reduction, respectively, through the reaction of hydrated electrons with H 2 O and H + , while the pH value in the vicinity of the earthed electrode is decreased by H + generation through the electrolysis of water. The generation of H 2 O 2 is found to be promoted when the positive pulsed discharge plasma is generated, and this increase rate of H 2 O 2 is in approximate agreement with the calculated generation rate of H 2 O 2 , which is produced from OH generated by electrolysis.

Positive and negative pulsed discharge plasma is generated above test liquid containing NaCl in Ar atmosphere, and the spatiotemporal variation of pH value in the liquid is visualized by a colorimetric method using bromothymol blue. Furthermore, polarity effects on H 2 O 2 generation are examined by electrochemical calculation and a colorimetric method using titanium sulfate. When the positive pulsed discharge plasma is generated, the pH value of the liquid is decreased by H + generation through the dissociation of H 2 O + , formed by the charge exchange reaction between Ar + and H 2 O, while the pH value of the vicinity of an earthed electrode is increased by OH - generation through the electrolysis of water. When the negative pulsed discharge plasma is generated, the pH value of the liquid is increased by OH - generation and H + reduction, respectively, through the reaction of hydrated electrons with H 2 O and H + , while the pH value in the vicinity of the earthed electrode is decreased by H + generation through the electrolysis of water. The generation of H 2 O 2 is found to be promoted when the positive pulsed discharge plasma is generated, and this increase rate of H 2 O 2 is in approximate agreement with the calculated generation rate of H 2 O 2 , which is produced from OH generated by electrolysis.

Positive and negative pulsed discharge plasma is generated above test liquid containing NaCl in Ar atmosphere, and the spatiotemporal variation of pH value in the liquid is visualized by a colorimetric method using bromothymol blue. Furthermore, polarity effects on H 2 O 2 generation are examined by electrochemical calculation and a colorimetric method using titanium sulfate. When the positive pulsed discharge plasma is generated, the pH value of the liquid is decreased by H + generation through the dissociation of H 2 O + , formed by the charge exchange reaction between Ar + and H 2 O, while the pH value of the vicinity of an earthed electrode is increased by OH - generation through the electrolysis of water. When the negative pulsed discharge plasma is generated, the pH value of the liquid is increased by OH - generation and H + reduction, respectively, through the reaction of hydrated electrons with H 2 O and H + , while the pH value in the vicinity of the earthed electrode is decreased by H + generation through the electrolysis of water. The generation of H 2 O 2 is found to be promoted when the positive pulsed discharge plasma is generated, and this increase rate of H 2 O 2 is in approximate agreement with the calculated generation rate of H 2 O 2 , which is produced from OH generated by electrolysis.

Du fait de leurs propriétés électriques remarquables, les nanotubes de carbone (NTCs) à simple paroi suscitent un intérêt croissant pour le développement de capteurs chimiques en milieu liquide. Cependant, le contrôle de leur positionnement sur des surfaces micro ou nano-structurées pour permettre leur utilisation au sein de structures de type transistor ou chemiresistor reste un défi à relever. Les travaux décrits dans ce manuscrit portent sur l’adressage de NTCs par diélectrophorèse (DEP) entre des électrodes métalliques en vue de leur application pour la mesure de pH en configuration chemiresistor. Dans un premier temps, nous avons cherché à étudier l’influence des paramètres de la DEP (durée d’application du champ, fréquence, intensité, etc.) sur la structure des assemblages de NTCs obtenus. Afin d’expliquer ces résultats expérimentaux, les contributions respectives des différentes forces en jeu ont été étudiées à l’aide de modélisations par éléments finis sous Comsol. Nous avons ensuite cherché à caractériser les structures à base de NTCs obtenues par microscopie électronique à balayage ainsi que par des mesures de résistance à l’air, ceci afin d’établir un premier lien entre les conditions d’élaboration et les caractéristiques obtenues. La possibilité d’employer les dispositifs pour la mesure de pH, a ensuite été évaluée. Des mesures courant-tension effectuées en milieu liquide ont permis de montrer que les capteurs à base de NTCs assemblés entre des électrodes d’or étaient sensibles à la variation du pH de la solution. D’autres mesures réalisées à pH constant et conductivité variable visant à évaluer la sélectivité du capteur ont montré que le capteur était également sensible aux variations de conductivité. Finalement, l’étude de l’évolution fréquentielle de l’impédance du capteur tend à montrer qu’une sélectivité au pH peut être favorisée par un choix judicieux de la fréquence d’utilisation., Due to their remarkable electrical properties, Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWNTs) are attracting increasing interest in the development of chemical sensors in liquid medium. However, controlling of their position on micro or nano-structured surfaces, in order to allow their integration in transistors or chemiresistor structures, remains a challenge. The work described here, deals with the addressing of SWNTs by dielectrophoresis (DEP) between metal electrodes and their application to pH measurement in chemiresistor configuration. Firstly, we studied the influence of the DEP's parameters (field application time, frequency, intensity, etc.) on the structure of the SWNTs assemblies. To explain these experimental results, the respective contributions of the different forces involved were studied using finite element modeling under Comsol. Then, the structures based on SWNTs obtained were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy as well as by air resistance measurements, in order to establish a first link between elaboration conditions and obtained characteristics. The suitability of the devices for pH measurement was then evaluated. Current-voltage measurements in a liquid medium showed that the SWNTs based sensors assembled between gold electrodes, were sensitive to the variation of the pH of the solution. Further measurements, performed at constant pH and variable conductivity, showed that the sensor was also sensitive to change in conductivity. Finally, the study of the sensor impedance indicates that a selectivity to the pH can be favored by a judicious choice of the frequency range.

A novel micro-structured bubble column reactor (MSBC) is studied by a combined experimental and simulation approach, for the chemisorption of CO2 into NaOH. To understand the reactor behavior different reactor configurations are tested for chemisorption by varying the internals (single wire mesh, staged wire meshes, Sulzer packing). Bubble size distribution, pH and holdup data are obtained from chemisorption experiments using an advanced digital image analysis technique. The effect of superficial gas velocities ranging from 5 to 25. mm/s and varying number of wire mesh stages (1, 6 and 10) is deduced from the experiments. The experimental results are used for the validation of the detailed VoF-DBM simulations.

A novel micro-structured bubble column reactor (MSBC) is studied by a combined experimental and simulation approach, for the chemisorption of CO2 into NaOH. To understand the reactor behavior different reactor configurations are tested for chemisorption by varying the internals (single wire mesh, staged wire meshes, Sulzer packing). Bubble size distribution, pH and holdup data are obtained from chemisorption experiments using an advanced digital image analysis technique. The effect of superficial gas velocities ranging from 5 to 25. mm/s and varying number of wire mesh stages (1, 6 and 10) is deduced from the experiments. The experimental results are used for the validation of the detailed VoF-DBM simulations.

Measurement of intracellular pH can be readily accomplished using tools and methods described in this chapter. We present a discussion of technical considerations of various ratiometric pH-sensitive probes including dyes and genetically encoded sensors. These probes can be used to measure pH across physical scales from macroscopic whole-mount tissues down to organelles and subcellular domains. We describe protocols for loading pH-sensitive probes into single cells or tissues and discuss ratiometric image acquisition and analysis.

Measurement of intracellular pH can be readily accomplished using tools and methods described in this chapter. We present a discussion of technical considerations of various ratiometric pH-sensitive probes including dyes and genetically encoded sensors. These probes can be used to measure pH across physical scales from macroscopic whole-mount tissues down to organelles and subcellular domains. We describe protocols for loading pH-sensitive probes into single cells or tissues and discuss ratiometric image acquisition and analysis.

Zein was investigated for use as an oral-drug delivery system by loading prednisolone into zein microparticles using coacervation. To investigate the adaptability of this method to other drugs, zein microparticles were loaded with hydrocortisone, which is structurally related to prednisolone; or mesalazine, which is structurally different having a smaller LogP and ionizable functional groups. Investigations into the in vitro digestibility, and the electrophoretic profile of zein, and zein microparticles were conducted to shed further insight on using this protein as a drug delivery system. Hydrocortisone loading into zein microparticles was comparable with that reported for prednisolone, but mesalazine loading was highly variable. Depending on the starting quantities of hydrocortisone and zein, the average amount of microparticles equivalent to 4 mg hydrocortisone, (a clinically used dose), ranged from 60-115 mg, which is realistic and practical for oral dosing. Comparatively, an average of 2.5 g of microparticles was required to deliver 250 mg of mesalazine (a clinically used dose), so alternate encapsulation methods that can produce higher and more precise mesalazine loading are required. In vitro protein digestibility revealed that zein microparticles were more resistant to digestion compared to the zein raw material, and that individual zein peptides are not preferentially coacervated into the microparticles. In combination, these results suggest that there is potential to formulate a delivery system based on zein microparticles made using specific subunits of zein that is more resistant to digestion as starting material, to deliver drugs to the lower gastrointestinal tract.

This article summarizes methods for determining proton surface charge at mineral/water interfaces. It covers conventional experimental procedures and discusses problems with the techniques. Also it involves recommendations for obtaining reasonable and comparable results. The term "comparable results" refers to comparison between results for the same solid as obtained in different laboratories. The most important parameters for the surface titrations are discussed. We also propose a reference titration procedure that would allow direct, unbiased comparisons of experimental data. The article finally includes a check-list for researchers and reviewers which should allow limiting the amount of titration data that are not useful for future uses.

This study demonstrates that tungsten rotating disk electrode can be used for pH or H+/OH- concentration measurements in practically entire pH range, using the combination of voltammetric and potentiometric techniques. In strong acidic (c(H+) GT 10(-3) mol dm(-3)), and alkaline (c(OH-) GT 10(-3) mol dm(-3)) solutions, rotating tungsten disk electrode can be used as a maintenance-free electrode for voltammetric determination of H+ and OH- ion concentration. After an appropriate electrochemical oxidation, the same electrode, in a stationary regime, may be used as a potentiometric sensor in the range 3 LT pH LT 11, with the response -49.5 +/- 2.3 mV per one pH unit. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

This study demonstrates that tungsten rotating disk electrode can be used for pH or H+/OH- concentration measurements in practically entire pH range, using the combination of voltammetric and potentiometric techniques. In strong acidic (c(H+) GT 10(-3) mol dm(-3)), and alkaline (c(OH-) GT 10(-3) mol dm(-3)) solutions, rotating tungsten disk electrode can be used as a maintenance-free electrode for voltammetric determination of H+ and OH- ion concentration. After an appropriate electrochemical oxidation, the same electrode, in a stationary regime, may be used as a potentiometric sensor in the range 3 LT pH LT 11, with the response -49.5 +/- 2.3 mV per one pH unit. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Prion diseases (e.g. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), variant CJD (vCJD), Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS), Fatal Familial Insomnia (FFI) and Kuru in humans, scrapie in sheep, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE or 'mad-cow' disease) and chronic wasting disease (CWD) in cattles) are invariably fatal and highly infectious neurodegenerative diseases affecting humans and animals. However, by now there have not been some effective therapeutic approaches or medications to treat all these prion diseases. Rabbits, dogs, and horses are the only mammalian species reported to be resistant to infection from prion diseases isolated from other species. Recently, the β2-α2 loop has been reported to contribute to their protein structural stabilities. The author has found that rabbit prion protein has a strong salt bridge ASP177-ARG163 (like a taut bow string) keeping this loop linked. This paper confirms that this salt bridge also contributes to the structural stability of horse prion protein. Thus, the region of β2-α2 loop might be a potential drug target region. Besides this very important salt bridge, other four important salt bridges GLU196-ARG156-HIS187, ARG156-ASP202 and GLU211-HIS177 are also found to greatly contribute to the structural stability of horse prion protein. Rich databases of salt bridges, hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic contacts for horse prion protein can be found in this paper. ©Adenine Press (2011).

Background:Women living with HIV and co-infected with bacterial vaginosis (BV) are at higher risk for transmitting HIV to a partner or newborn. It is poorly understood which bacterial communities constitute BV or the normal vaginal microbiota among this population and how the microbiota associated with BV responds to antibiotic treatment. Methods and Findings: The vaginal microbiota of 132 HIV positive Tanzanian women, including 39 who received metronidazole treatment for BV, were profiled using Illumina to sequence the V6 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Of note, Gardnerella vaginalis and Lactobacillus iners were detected in each sample constituting core members of the vaginal microbiota. Eight major clusters were detected with relatively uniform microbiota compositions. Two clusters dominated by L. iners or L. crispatus were strongly associated with a normal microbiota. The L. crispatus dominated microbiota were associated with low pH, but when L. crispatus was not present, a large fraction of L. iners was required to predict a low pH. Four clusters were strongly associated with BV, and were dominated by Prevotella bivia, Lachnospiraceae, or a mixture of different species. Metronidazole treatment reduced the microbial diversity and perturbed the BV-associated microbiota, but rarely resulted in the establishment of a lactobacilli-dominated microbiota. Conclusions: Illumina based microbial profiling enabled high though-put analyses of microbial samples at a high phylogenetic resolution. The vaginal microbiota among women living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa constitutes several profiles associated with a normal microbiota or BV. Recurrence of BV frequently constitutes a different BV-associated profile than before antibiotic treatment.

Background. Existing severity assessment tools, such as the pneumonia severity index (PSI) and CURB-65 (tool based on confusion, urea level, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and age >=65 years), predict 30-day mortality in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and have limited ability to predict which patients will require intensive respiratory or vasopressor support (IRVS). Methods. The Australian CAP Study (ACAPS) was a prospective study of 882 episodes in which each patient had a detailed assessment of severity features, etiology, and treatment outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify features at initial assessment that were associated with receipt of IRVS. These results were converted into a simple points-based severity tool that was validated in 5 external databases, totaling 7464 patients. Results. In ACAPS, 10.3% of patients received IRVS, and the 30-day mortality rate was 5.7%. The features statistically significantly associated with receipt of IRVS were low systolic blood pressure (2 points), multilobar chest radiography involvement (1 point), low albumin level (1 point), high respiratory rate (1 point), tachycardia (1 point), confusion (1 point), poor oxygenation (2 points), and low arterial pH (2 points): SMART-COP. A SMART-COP score of >=3 points identified 92% of patients who received IRVS, including 84% of patients who did not need immediate admission to the intensive care unit. Accuracy was also high in the 5 validation databases. Sensitivities of PSI and CURB-65 for identifying the need for IRVS were 74% and 39%, respectively. Conclusions. SMART-COP is a simple, practical clinical tool for accurately predicting the need for IRVS that is likely to assist clinicians in determining CAP severity. © 2008 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.

Předložená diplomová práce se zabývá využitím nově vyvinutého typu žlábkového držáku uhlíkové pasty v průtokové analýze. Byly testovány elektrochemické vlastnosti různě modifikovaných uhlíkových past pro potenciometrickou nebo amperometrickou detekci některých látek. V prvním případě bylo potenciometricky sledováno pH látek analyzovaných průtokovou injekční analýzou (FIA) na uhlíkové pastě modifikované práškovým bismutem, tvořícím elektrodový systém kov – oxid kovu, který je citlivý na změnu pH. Jako druhý příklad možného využití žlábkového držáku uhlíkové pasty ve FIA byla zvolena amperometrická detekce organických látek fenolu, 1-naftolu a p-aminofenolu na nemodifikované uhlíkové pastové elektrodě. Tyto látky jsou často sledovány v biosenzorech jako elektroaktivní produkty enzymatických přeměn odpovídajících substrátů za přítomnosti enzymu alkalická fosfatasa. Byl sledován vliv pH na posun potenciálu oxidace a velikost a opakovatelnost proudové odezvy. Třetímu využití žlábkového držáku byla věnována největší pozornost. Jednalo se o sestavení biosenzoru pro stanovení glukosy pomocí FIA, jenž využívá enzymatické oxidace glukosy. Produkt této reakce, peroxid vodíku, byl amperometricky detekován na uhlíkové pastě modifikované RuO2, který působí jako mediátor, a enzymem glukosa oxidasou bez ochranné membrány. Byla zkoumána funkčnost sestaveného biosenzoru a reprodukovatelnost a správnost stanovení glukosy. V závěru byl za pomoci biosenzoru stanoven obsah glukosy v reálných vzorcích instantního čaje, medu a melasy., The thesis deals with application of newly developed electrode holder for carbon paste, groove carbon paste electrode, in flow analysis. The electrochemical properties of differently modified carbon paste were tested for possible potenciometric and amperometric detection of several species and such pastes were used as electrochemical detectors in flow analysis. In the first case, the pH of solutions was potenciometrically sensed using carbon paste modified with powdery bismuth as an example of metal-metal oxide electrode. Solutions with different pH were introduced into FIA system and a linear range of potentiometric responses was evaluated and compared to classical glass pH electrode. Second example of eventual application of groove carbon paste electrode in FIA was amperometric detection of organic substances (phenol, 1-naphthol, 4-amino phenol) on unmodified carbon paste electrode. These substances are often monitored in enzymatic biosensors as electroactive products of enzymatic processes of corresponding substrates in the presence of enzyme alkaline phosphatase. The influence of pH on drift of peak potential of oxidation and a magnitude and repeatability of current response was monitored. The greatest attention was devoted to the third application of groove carbon paste electrode. The biosensor for determination of glucose using FIA was designed, which uses enzymatic oxidation of glucose. The product of this reaction, hydrogen peroxide, was detected amperometrically on the carbon paste electrode modified with RuO2, acting as a mediator of electron transfer, and with enzyme glucose oxidase having no protective membrane. The functionality of developed biosensor was tested and the reproducibility and also the accuracy in the determination of glucose were evaluated. Finally, the content of glucose was assessed using FIA and proposed biosensor in real samples of instant tea, honey and molasses., Katedra analytické chemie, Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobou

Solid-state fermentation (SSF) with Aspergillus oryzae results in high levels of secreted protein. However, control mechanisms of gene expression in SSF have been only poorly studied. In this study we show that both glucoamylase (glaB) and protease (alpA, nptB) genes are highly expressed during surface cultivation on wheat-based solid medium, and even higher during cultivation on wheat kernels. In wheat-based liquid medium, low levels of gene expression are observed. Typical SSF cultivation conditions, such as low water activity and the formation of aerial hyphae, did not contribute to the high-level gene expression on wheat-based solid medium. Analysis of wheat-based solid and liquid cultivations showed differences in carbon and nitrogen utilisation and external pH. The results presented show that the difference in regulation of transcription of the alpA and nptB genes in wheat-based liquid and solid medium could be pH dependent, involving a pH-dependent transcription regulator. The results obtained suggest that the difference in regulation of transcription of the glaB gene in wheat-based liquid and solid medium is caused by a difference in carbohydrate degradation and consumption under the different culture conditions. © Springer-Verlag 2004.

An atomic force microscope was used to study the effects of polymer charge density on surface interactions between similarly charged silica surfaces. Copolymers of acrylamide and acrylic acid of three different charge densities (f p = 15, 40, and 70%) were used. The dynamic light-scattering technique was used to obtain the characteristic size of these polymers in solution. Flocculation tests were performed to complement force-distance measurement. At 20 mM KCl and pH ∼ 8.0, the low charge density copolymer (f p = 15%) caused a purely repulsive force profile between silica surfaces irrespective of the added polymer concentration, suggesting a strong adsorption of the copolymer on the surface. The medium (f p = 40%) and high (f p = 70%) charge density copolymers, on the other hand, provided an adhesive bridging attraction at low polymer concentrations, but a purely repulsive force at higher polymer concentrations. The range of these repulsive forces, however, was significantly smaller than that measured for the low charge density polymer. The medium and high charge densities exhibit nearly an identical behavior in controlling the intersurface forces, although the forces are different with respect to magnitude. The flocculation tests follow the same trend as that of force-distance data, where a complete, a partial, and no flocculation observed with high, medium, and low charge density polymers, respectively. In all the cases, the range of surface interactions can be correlated with the polymer chain dimension corresponding to the fast diffusion process (individual chains) obtained from dynamic light-scattering measurements. Mean-field models proposed for charged polymers can qualitatively explain both the dependency of bridging interactions on polymer charge density and the dependency of force-distance profiles on added polymer concentrations. Finally, a mean-field model was quantitively to account for the measured electrosteric interactions and their dependency on pol

Several reports indicate that the cytosol is acidified during apoptosis although the mechanism is not yet fully elucidated. The most acidic organelle found in the cell is the lysosome, raising the possibility that lysosomal proton release may contribute to the cytosolic acidification. We here describe methods for measurement of the cytosolic and lysosomal pH in U937 cells by a dual-emission ratiometric technique suitable for flow cytometry. Cytosolic pH was analysed in cells loaded with the fluorescent probe BCECF, while lysosomal pH was determined after endocytosis of FITC-dextran. Standard curves were obtained by incubating cells in buffers with different pH in the presence of the proton ionophore nigericin. Apoptosis was induced by exposure of cells to 10ng/ml TNF- for 4h, and apoptotic cells were identified using a fluorescent marker for active caspases. By gating of control and apoptotic cells, the cytosolic and lysosomal pH were calculated in each population. The cytosolic pH was found to decrease from 7.2 ± 0.1 to 5.8s±0.1 and the lysosomal increased from 4.3±0.4 to 5.2±0.3. These methods will be useful in future attempts to evaluate the involvement of lysosomes in the acidification of the cytosol during apoptosis.

We report on a novel type of chemical patterning based on thin stimuli-responsive polymer films. The basic concept is the permanent storage (writing) of a pattern, which is reversibly developed and erased upon exposure to appropriate environment, e.g., solvent, pH, and temperature. The smart surface is fabricated from the mixed brush of poly(2-vinylpyridine) and polyisoprene. The mixed brush demonstrates switching behavior upon exposure to different solvents. Cross-linking of polyisoprene via illumination through a photomask results in formation of patterns with suppressed switching. Due to the contrast in switching between illuminated and dark areas, exposure of the smart surface to different solvents causes either reversible formation or erasing of chemical contrast between the illuminated and dark areas. Thus, the pattern surface can very locally attract colloidal particles or can be wetted by water only upon exposure to the special solvent which introduces the contrast between the illuminated and dark areas. Appearance of the patterns indicates particular environment and can be used for local switching of adsorption.

We report on a novel type of chemical patterning based on thin stimuli-responsive polymer films. The basic concept is the permanent storage (writing) of a pattern, which is reversibly developed and erased upon exposure to appropriate environment, e.g., solvent, pH, and temperature. The smart surface is fabricated from the mixed brush of poly(2-vinylpyridine) and polyisoprene. The mixed brush demonstrates switching behavior upon exposure to different solvents. Cross-linking of polyisoprene via illumination through a photomask results in formation of patterns with suppressed switching. Due to the contrast in switching between illuminated and dark areas, exposure of the smart surface to different solvents causes either reversible formation or erasing of chemical contrast between the illuminated and dark areas. Thus, the pattern surface can very locally attract colloidal particles or can be wetted by water only upon exposure to the special solvent which introduces the contrast between the illuminated and dark areas. Appearance of the patterns indicates particular environment and can be used for local switching of adsorption.

Quantitative pH imaging using the carboxy semi-naphthofluorescein dyes SNAFL-1 and SNAFL-2 can be performed by measurement of intensity ratios or fluorescence lifetimes. However, there is a controversy as to whether the latter method has the practical advantage of a straightforward pH calibration in buffers compared to a cumbersome and time-consuming procedure in cells. In this study we have undertaken a systematic study of the potential factors influencing the fluorescence lifetime of the probes at different pH using confocal microscopy. In vitro results demonstrate that factors such as lipid and protein concentrations have a substantial influence on pH measurements based on fluorescence lifetime. The pH could be overestimated by more than 2 pH units. Studies in permeabilized COS-7 cells demonstrate the same trends as observed in the in vitro studies., QC 20100525

Three strains of Aspergillus oryzae were used for fungal protein production from starch processing wastewater (SPW) as part of a comprehensive SPW utilization and treatment program. The mycelial morphologies of the three strains varied from fluffy, clumpy mycelia to compact pellets with various strains and cultivation conditions of growth pH, inoculum quantity and superficial air velocity in an air lift bioreactor process. An inoculum technique was developed to ensure a desirable morphology with an improved fungal protein yield. Experimental relationship between the morphology and the yield revealed that the formation of small compact pellets under designed cultivation conditions favoured higher fungal protein yields, easier product separation and better process operation.

Cílem mé bakalářské práce je navrhnout, vytvořit a otestovat v podmínkách blízkým reálnému nasazení systém pro sledování kvality vody v bazénu. Tento systém má za pomoci pH sondy vyhodnotit kyselost vody v bazénu a poté předat tato data uživateli skrze webové rozhraní. Frekventovaným měřením pH vody by pak (prostřednictvím zásahů uživatele) mělo dojít k zachování optimálního pH a tím přispět k udržení kvality vody. Práce obsahuje též rešeršní část komerčně dostupných produktů a způsobů měření pH vody. Celý systém je realizován na platformě ESP32 a je napájen solárním panelem s baterií sloužící jako dočasný zdroj – systém je energicky nezávislý., The goal of my bachelor thesis is to design, create and test a system for sensing the quality of pool water, in conditions close to the real usage. The main purpose of the system is to evaluate acidity of pool water using pH probe, then to send data to the end user through a web application. Frequently measured acidity should lead to keep the optimal pool water quality (together with the user’s interventions). Thesis also includes research of commercial products used for pH measurement as well as different ways to measure water pH. The entire measuring system is realized on ESP32 platform and is powered by solar panel with battery as a buffer – system is standalone.

Cílem této bakalářské práce je návrh a realizace online monitorovacího systému aquaponické farmy. Systém bude schopen měřit teplotu vody v nádržích, teplotu a vlhkost vzduchu, pH vody v nádržích a úroveň vodní hladiny v nádržích. Všechna naměřená data budou přístupná online odkudkoli. Systém bude také schopen ovládat ventilátor a vodní čerpadla., The aim of this bachelor thesis is the design and implementation of an online monitoring system for an aquaponic farm. The system will be able to measure water temperature in tanks, air temperature and humidity, pH of water and water level in tanks. All measured data will be accessible online. The system will also be able to control a fan and water pumps.

Tato práce se zabývá návrhem inteligentního systému pro správu akvária. Systém je založený na platformě i.Mx8DV s grafickým výstupem na dotykový displej. V práci jsou diskutovány způsoby měření a regulace veličin kritických pro správný chod akvária. Dále je v práci popsána platforma i.Mx8DV a operační systém Neutrino. Práce řeší též výběr vhodných čidel a návrh desky plošných spojů k propojení platformy i.Mx8DV s vybranými čidly. Jsou zde popsány principy komunikace po síti a možnosti implementace webového serveru. Závěrem práce je popsána vytvořená aplikace., This bachelor thesis deals with the design of an intelligent aquarium management system. The system is going to be based on the i.Mx8DV platform with graphical output on the touch screen. In the thesis, the methods of measuring and controlling the quantities, that are critical for the proper operation of the aquarium, are discussed. Also, the i.Mx8DV platform and the Neutrino operating system are described. This thesis solves the selection of suitable sensors and design of printed circuit board for connection of the i.Mx8DV platform with selected sensors. The principles of network communication and web server implementation options are described. In the end, the application is described.

Práce se zabývá návrhem meteorologické stanice do vlhkého prostředí a její konstrukcí. Stanice bude použita pro měření meteorologických veličin v jeskynních, proto bylo nutné navrhnout stanci na minimalizaci spotřebovaného výkonu. K obsluze stanice byl navrhnut firmware, který umožňuje bezdrátové ovládání stanice. Podstatná část práce se zabývá výběrem a popisem senzorů a součástek použitých v konstrukci. V závěru práce je popsán řídící algoritmus, komunikační rozhraní a konstrukce zařízení., This thesis is about the design of a meteorological station deployed in a wet environment and its construction. The station will be used for measuring meteorological instrumentation in caves, because of that the station was designed to minimize its power consumption. Firmware was designed, to allow remote control of the station. A major part of the thesis is concerned with selection and description of the sensors and components used. Near the end of the thesis the control algorithm, communication interface and construction of the device is described.

Tato práce se zabývá návrhem inteligentního systému pro správu akvária. Systém je založený na platformě i.Mx8DV s grafickým výstupem na dotykový displej. V práci jsou diskutovány způsoby měření a regulace veličin kritických pro správný chod akvária. Dále je v práci popsána platforma i.Mx8DV a operační systém Neutrino. Práce řeší též výběr vhodných čidel a návrh desky plošných spojů k propojení platformy i.Mx8DV s vybranými čidly. Jsou zde popsány principy komunikace po síti a možnosti implementace webového serveru. Závěrem práce je popsána vytvořená aplikace., This bachelor thesis deals with the design of an intelligent aquarium management system. The system is going to be based on the i.Mx8DV platform with graphical output on the touch screen. In the thesis, the methods of measuring and controlling the quantities, that are critical for the proper operation of the aquarium, are discussed. Also, the i.Mx8DV platform and the Neutrino operating system are described. This thesis solves the selection of suitable sensors and design of printed circuit board for connection of the i.Mx8DV platform with selected sensors. The principles of network communication and web server implementation options are described. In the end, the application is described.

Tato bakalářská práce pojednává o principech měření pH se zaměřením na měření v betonu. Úplným začátkem práce je popsání základních principů měření. Na těchto základech byla vypracována rešerše metod pro měření pH v betonu. Především se jedná o principy nedestruktivního měření. V návaznosti na teorii měření byl proveden průzkum českého trhu. Poslední částí je návrh experimentů, které vycházejí z teoretické rešerše., This bachelor thesis deals with principles of pH measurement with focus on measurements in concrete. The very beginning of the work describes basic principles of measurement. On those, basis a research of methods for measurements in concrete was done with priority on non-destructive methods. According to the theory a survey of Czech market was conducted. The last part of the work is description of experiments that are based on theory.

Tato práce se zabývá návrhem inteligentního systému pro správu akvária. Systém je založený na platformě i.Mx8DV s grafickým výstupem na dotykový displej. V práci jsou diskutovány způsoby měření a regulace veličin kritických pro správný chod akvária. Dále je v práci popsána platforma i.Mx8DV a operační systém Neutrino. Práce řeší též výběr vhodných čidel a návrh desky plošných spojů k propojení platformy i.Mx8DV s vybranými čidly. Jsou zde popsány principy komunikace po síti a možnosti implementace webového serveru. Závěrem práce je popsána vytvořená aplikace., This bachelor thesis deals with the design of an intelligent aquarium management system. The system is going to be based on the i.Mx8DV platform with graphical output on the touch screen. In the thesis, the methods of measuring and controlling the quantities, that are critical for the proper operation of the aquarium, are discussed. Also, the i.Mx8DV platform and the Neutrino operating system are described. This thesis solves the selection of suitable sensors and design of printed circuit board for connection of the i.Mx8DV platform with selected sensors. The principles of network communication and web server implementation options are described. In the end, the application is described.

Práce se zabývá návrhem meteorologické stanice do vlhkého prostředí a její konstrukcí. Stanice bude použita pro měření meteorologických veličin v jeskynních, proto bylo nutné navrhnout stanci na minimalizaci spotřebovaného výkonu. K obsluze stanice byl navrhnut firmware, který umožňuje bezdrátové ovládání stanice. Podstatná část práce se zabývá výběrem a popisem senzorů a součástek použitých v konstrukci. V závěru práce je popsán řídící algoritmus, komunikační rozhraní a konstrukce zařízení., This thesis is about the design of a meteorological station deployed in a wet environment and its construction. The station will be used for measuring meteorological instrumentation in caves, because of that the station was designed to minimize its power consumption. Firmware was designed, to allow remote control of the station. A major part of the thesis is concerned with selection and description of the sensors and components used. Near the end of the thesis the control algorithm, communication interface and construction of the device is described.

Cílem mé bakalářské práce je navrhnout, vytvořit a otestovat v podmínkách blízkým reálnému nasazení systém pro sledování kvality vody v bazénu. Tento systém má za pomoci pH sondy vyhodnotit kyselost vody v bazénu a poté předat tato data uživateli skrze webové rozhraní. Frekventovaným měřením pH vody by pak (prostřednictvím zásahů uživatele) mělo dojít k zachování optimálního pH a tím přispět k udržení kvality vody. Práce obsahuje též rešeršní část komerčně dostupných produktů a způsobů měření pH vody. Celý systém je realizován na platformě ESP32 a je napájen solárním panelem s baterií sloužící jako dočasný zdroj – systém je energicky nezávislý., The goal of my bachelor thesis is to design, create and test a system for sensing the quality of pool water, in conditions close to the real usage. The main purpose of the system is to evaluate acidity of pool water using pH probe, then to send data to the end user through a web application. Frequently measured acidity should lead to keep the optimal pool water quality (together with the user’s interventions). Thesis also includes research of commercial products used for pH measurement as well as different ways to measure water pH. The entire measuring system is realized on ESP32 platform and is powered by solar panel with battery as a buffer – system is standalone.