Author: "Pongratz, Julia" / Publication Type: Electronic Resources - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"Pongratz, Julia"' showing total 163 results

Start Over Author "Pongratz, Julia" Publication Type Electronic Resources

163 results on '"Pongratz, Julia"'

1. Large-scale photovoltaic solar farms in the Sahara affect solar power generation potential globally

Author: Long, Jingchao, Lu, Zhengyao, Miller, Paul A., Pongratz, Julia, Guan, Dabo, Smith, Benjamin, Zhu, Zhiwei, Xu, Jianjun, Zhang, Qiong, Long, Jingchao, Lu, Zhengyao, Miller, Paul A., Pongratz, Julia, Guan, Dabo, Smith, Benjamin, Zhu, Zhiwei, Xu, Jianjun, and Zhang, Qiong
Abstract: Globally, solar projects are being rapidly built or planned, particularly in high solar potential regions with high energy demand. However, their energy generation potential is highly related to the weather condition. Here we use state-of-the-art Earth system model simulations to investigate how large photovoltaic solar farms in the Sahara Desert could impact the global cloud cover and solar generation potential through disturbed atmospheric teleconnections. The results indicate negative impacts on solar potential in North Africa (locally), Middle East, Southern Europe, India, Eastern China, Japan, Eastern Australia, and Southwestern US, and positive impacts in Central and South America, the Caribbean, Central & Eastern US, Scandinavia and South Africa, reaching a magnitude of ±5% in remote regions seasonally. Diagnostics suggest that large-scale atmospheric circulation changes are responsible for the global impacts. International cooperation is essential to mitigate the potential risks of future large-scale solar projects in drylands, which could impact energy production.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

2. Trends and Drivers of Terrestrial Sources and Sinks of Carbon Dioxide: An Overview of the TRENDY Project

Author: Sitch, Stephen, O’Sullivan, Michael, Robertson, Eddy, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Albergel, Clément, Anthoni, Peter, Arneth, Almut, Arora, Vivek K., Bastos, Ana, Bastrikov, Vladislav, Bellouin, Nicolas, Canadell, Josep G., Chini, Louise, Ciais, Philippe, Falk, Stefanie, Harris, Ian, Hurtt, George, Ito, Akihiko, Jain, Atul K., Jones, Matthew W., Joos, Fortunat, Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Kluzek, Erik, Knauer, Jürgen, Lawrence, Peter J., Lombardozzi, Danica, Melton, Joe R., Nabel, Julia E.M.S., Pan, Naiqing, Peylin, Philippe, Pongratz, Julia, Poulter, Benjamin, Rosan, Thais M., Sun, Qing, Tian, Hanqin, Walker, Anthony P., Weber, Ulrich, Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Xu, Zaehle, Sönke, Sitch, Stephen, O’Sullivan, Michael, Robertson, Eddy, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Albergel, Clément, Anthoni, Peter, Arneth, Almut, Arora, Vivek K., Bastos, Ana, Bastrikov, Vladislav, Bellouin, Nicolas, Canadell, Josep G., Chini, Louise, Ciais, Philippe, Falk, Stefanie, Harris, Ian, Hurtt, George, Ito, Akihiko, Jain, Atul K., Jones, Matthew W., Joos, Fortunat, Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Kluzek, Erik, Knauer, Jürgen, Lawrence, Peter J., Lombardozzi, Danica, Melton, Joe R., Nabel, Julia E.M.S., Pan, Naiqing, Peylin, Philippe, Pongratz, Julia, Poulter, Benjamin, Rosan, Thais M., Sun, Qing, Tian, Hanqin, Walker, Anthony P., Weber, Ulrich, Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Xu, and Zaehle, Sönke
Abstract: The terrestrial biosphere plays a major role in the global carbon cycle, and there is a recognized need for regularly updated estimates of land-atmosphere exchange at regional and global scales. An international ensemble of Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs), known as the “Trends and drivers of the regional scale terrestrial sources and sinks of carbon dioxide” (TRENDY) project, quantifies land biophysical exchange processes and biogeochemistry cycles in support of the annual Global Carbon Budget assessments and the REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes, phase 2 project. DGVMs use a common protocol and set of driving data sets. A set of factorial simulations allows attribution of spatio-temporal changes in land surface processes to three primary global change drivers: changes in atmospheric CO2, climate change and variability, and Land Use and Land Cover Changes (LULCC). Here, we describe the TRENDY project, benchmark DGVM performance using remote-sensing and other observational data, and present results for the contemporary period. Simulation results show a large global carbon sink in natural vegetation over 2012–2021, attributed to the CO2 fertilization effect (3.8 ± 0.8 PgC/yr) and climate (−0.58 ± 0.54 PgC/yr). Forests and semi-arid ecosystems contribute approximately equally to the mean and trend in the natural land sink, and semi-arid ecosystems continue to dominate interannual variability. The natural sink is offset by net emissions from LULCC (−1.6 ± 0.5 PgC/yr), with a net land sink of 1.7 ± 0.6 PgC/yr. Despite the largest gross fluxes being in the tropics, the largest net land-atmosphere exchange is simulated in the extratropical regions.
Published: 2024

3. Indicators of Global Climate Change 2023 : annual update of key indicators of the state of the climate system and human influence

Author: Forster, Piers M., Smith, Chris, Walsh, Tristram, Lamb, William F., Lamboll, Robin, Hall, Bradley, Hauser, Mathias, Ribes, Aurélien, Rosen, Debbie, Gillett, Nathan P., Palmer, Matthew D., Rogelj, Joeri, Von Schuckmann, Karina, Trewin, Blair, Allen, Myles, Andrew, Robbie, Betts, Richard A., Borger, Alex, Boyer, Tim, Broersma, Jiddu A., Buontempo, Carlo, Burgess, Samantha, Cagnazzo, Chiara, Cheng, Lijing, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Gettelman, Andrew, Gütschow, Johannes, Ishii, Masayoshi, Jenkins, Stuart, Lan, Xin, Morice, Colin, Mühle, Jens, Kadow, Christopher, Kennedy, John, Killick, Rachel E., Krummel, Paul B., Minx, Jan C., Myhre, Gunnar, Naik, Vaishali, Peters, Glen P., Pirani, Anna, Pongratz, Julia, Schleussner, Carl Friedrich, Seneviratne, Sonia I., Szopa, Sophie, Thorne, Peter, Kovilakam, Mahesh V.M., Majamäki, Elisa, Jalkanen, Jukka Pekka, Van Marle, Margreet, Hoesly, Rachel M., Rohde, Robert, Schumacher, Dominik, Van Der Werf, Guido, Vose, Russell, Zickfeld, Kirsten, Zhang, Xuebin, Masson-Delmotte, Valérie, Zhai, Panmao, Forster, Piers M., Smith, Chris, Walsh, Tristram, Lamb, William F., Lamboll, Robin, Hall, Bradley, Hauser, Mathias, Ribes, Aurélien, Rosen, Debbie, Gillett, Nathan P., Palmer, Matthew D., Rogelj, Joeri, Von Schuckmann, Karina, Trewin, Blair, Allen, Myles, Andrew, Robbie, Betts, Richard A., Borger, Alex, Boyer, Tim, Broersma, Jiddu A., Buontempo, Carlo, Burgess, Samantha, Cagnazzo, Chiara, Cheng, Lijing, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Gettelman, Andrew, Gütschow, Johannes, Ishii, Masayoshi, Jenkins, Stuart, Lan, Xin, Morice, Colin, Mühle, Jens, Kadow, Christopher, Kennedy, John, Killick, Rachel E., Krummel, Paul B., Minx, Jan C., Myhre, Gunnar, Naik, Vaishali, Peters, Glen P., Pirani, Anna, Pongratz, Julia, Schleussner, Carl Friedrich, Seneviratne, Sonia I., Szopa, Sophie, Thorne, Peter, Kovilakam, Mahesh V.M., Majamäki, Elisa, Jalkanen, Jukka Pekka, Van Marle, Margreet, Hoesly, Rachel M., Rohde, Robert, Schumacher, Dominik, Van Der Werf, Guido, Vose, Russell, Zickfeld, Kirsten, Zhang, Xuebin, Masson-Delmotte, Valérie, and Zhai, Panmao
Abstract: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessments are the trusted source of scientific evidence for climate negotiations taking place under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Evidence-based decision-making needs to be informed by up-to-date and timely information on key indicators of the state of the climate system and of the human influence on the global climate system. However, successive IPCC reports are published at intervals of 5-10 years, creating potential for an information gap between report cycles. We follow methods as close as possible to those used in the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) Working Group One (WGI) report. We compile monitoring datasets to produce estimates for key climate indicators related to forcing of the climate system: emissions of greenhouse gases and short-lived climate forcers, greenhouse gas concentrations, radiative forcing, the Earth's energy imbalance, surface temperature changes, warming attributed to human activities, the remaining carbon budget, and estimates of global temperature extremes. The purpose of this effort, grounded in an open-data, open-science approach, is to make annually updated reliable global climate indicators available in the public domain (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11388387, Smith et al., 2024a). As they are traceable to IPCC report methods, they can be trusted by all parties involved in UNFCCC negotiations and help convey wider understanding of the latest knowledge of the climate system and its direction of travel. The indicators show that, for the 2014-2023 decade average, observed warming was 1.19 [1.06 to 1.30] °C, of which 1.19 [1.0 to 1.4] °C was human-induced. For the single-year average, human-induced warming reached 1.31 [1.1 to 1.7] °C in 2023 relative to 1850-1900. The best estimate is below the 2023-observed warming record of 1.43 [1.32 to 1.53] °C, indicating a substantial contribution of internal variability in the 2023 record. Humaninduced w
Published: 2024

4. Synthesis of the land carbon fluxes of the Amazon region between 2010 and 2020

Author: Rosan, Thais M., Sitch, Stephen, O’Sullivan, Michael, Basso, Luana S., Wilson, Chris, Silva, Camila, Gloor, Emanuel, Fawcett, Dominic, Heinrich, Viola, Souza, Jefferson G., Bezerra, Francisco Gilney Silva, von Randow, Celso, Mercado, Lina M., Gatti, Luciana, Wiltshire, Andy, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Pongratz, Julia, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Williams, Mathew, Smallman, Luke, Knauer, Jürgen, Arora, Vivek, Kennedy, Daniel, Tian, Hanqin, Yuan, Wenping, Jain, Atul K., Falk, Stefanie, Poulter, Benjamin, Arneth, Almut, Sun, Qing, Zaehle, Sönke, Walker, Anthony P., Kato, Etsushi, Yue, Xu, Bastos, Ana, Ciais, Philippe, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Albergel, Clement, Aragão, Luiz E.O.C., Rosan, Thais M., Sitch, Stephen, O’Sullivan, Michael, Basso, Luana S., Wilson, Chris, Silva, Camila, Gloor, Emanuel, Fawcett, Dominic, Heinrich, Viola, Souza, Jefferson G., Bezerra, Francisco Gilney Silva, von Randow, Celso, Mercado, Lina M., Gatti, Luciana, Wiltshire, Andy, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Pongratz, Julia, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Williams, Mathew, Smallman, Luke, Knauer, Jürgen, Arora, Vivek, Kennedy, Daniel, Tian, Hanqin, Yuan, Wenping, Jain, Atul K., Falk, Stefanie, Poulter, Benjamin, Arneth, Almut, Sun, Qing, Zaehle, Sönke, Walker, Anthony P., Kato, Etsushi, Yue, Xu, Bastos, Ana, Ciais, Philippe, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Albergel, Clement, and Aragão, Luiz E.O.C.
Abstract: The Amazon is the largest continuous tropical forest in the world and plays a key role in the global carbon cycle. Human-induced disturbances and climate change have impacted the Amazon carbon balance. Here we conduct a comprehensive synthesis of existing state-of-the-art estimates of the contemporary land carbon fluxes in the Amazon using a set of bottom-up methods (i.e., dynamic vegetation models and bookkeeping models) and a top-down inversion (atmospheric inversion model) over the Brazilian Amazon and the whole Biogeographical Amazon domain. Over the whole biogeographical Amazon region bottom-up methodologies suggest a small average carbon sink over 2010-2020, in contrast to a small carbon source simulated by top-down inversion (2010-2018). However, these estimates are not significantly different from one another when accounting for their large individual uncertainties, highlighting remaining knowledge gaps, and the urgent need to reduce such uncertainties. Nevertheless, both methodologies agreed that the Brazilian Amazon has been a net carbon source during recent climate extremes and that the south-eastern Amazon was a net land carbon source over the whole study period (2010-2020). Overall, our results point to increasing human-induced disturbances (deforestation and forest degradation by wildfires) and reduction in the old-growth forest sink during drought.
Published: 2024

5. World Ocean Review: The Ocean – A Climate Champion? How to Boost Marine Carbon Dioxide Uptake

Author: Amann, Thorben, Baatz, Christian, Böttcher, Miranda, Geden, Oliver, Keller, David P., Kopf, Achim, Merk, Christine, Milinski, Sebastian, Mintenbeck, Katja, Oschlies, Andreas, Pongratz, Julia, Proelß, Alexander, Rehder, Gregor, Rickels, Wilfried, Riebesell, Ulf, Sswat, Michael, Tank, Lukas, Wallmann, Klaus, Westmark, Lennart, Wölfelschneider, Mirco, Zimmer, Martin, Amann, Thorben, Baatz, Christian, Böttcher, Miranda, Geden, Oliver, Keller, David P., Kopf, Achim, Merk, Christine, Milinski, Sebastian, Mintenbeck, Katja, Oschlies, Andreas, Pongratz, Julia, Proelß, Alexander, Rehder, Gregor, Rickels, Wilfried, Riebesell, Ulf, Sswat, Michael, Tank, Lukas, Wallmann, Klaus, Westmark, Lennart, Wölfelschneider, Mirco, and Zimmer, Martin
Abstract: What action should we take for the effective mitigation of climate change? Measures to avoid greenhouse gas emissions are surely the main priority – but the truth is that in the coming decades, we will also have to remove large quantities of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store it securely. Can – indeed, should – the ocean aid us in this task? The new World Ocean Review (WOR 8) explores this issue with reference to the oceans' role in the Earth's carbon cycle and looks at the benefits, risks and knowledge gaps around the main marine carbon dioxide removal techniques.
Published: 2024

6. World Ocean Review: The Ocean – A Climate Champion? How to Boost Marine Carbon Dioxide Uptake

Author: Amann, Thorben, Baatz, Christian, Böttcher, Miranda, Geden, Oliver, Keller, David P., Kopf, Achim, Merk, Christine, Milinski, Sebastian, Mintenbeck, Katja, Oschlies, Andreas, Pongratz, Julia, Proelß, Alexander, Rehder, Gregor, Rickels, Wilfried, Riebesell, Ulf, Sswat, Michael, Tank, Lukas, Wallmann, Klaus, Westmark, Lennart, Wölfelschneider, Mirco, Zimmer, Martin, Amann, Thorben, Baatz, Christian, Böttcher, Miranda, Geden, Oliver, Keller, David P., Kopf, Achim, Merk, Christine, Milinski, Sebastian, Mintenbeck, Katja, Oschlies, Andreas, Pongratz, Julia, Proelß, Alexander, Rehder, Gregor, Rickels, Wilfried, Riebesell, Ulf, Sswat, Michael, Tank, Lukas, Wallmann, Klaus, Westmark, Lennart, Wölfelschneider, Mirco, and Zimmer, Martin
Abstract: What action should we take for the effective mitigation of climate change? Measures to avoid greenhouse gas emissions are surely the main priority – but the truth is that in the coming decades, we will also have to remove large quantities of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store it securely. Can – indeed, should – the ocean aid us in this task? The new World Ocean Review (WOR 8) explores this issue with reference to the oceans' role in the Earth's carbon cycle and looks at the benefits, risks and knowledge gaps around the main marine carbon dioxide removal techniques.
Published: 2024

7. Ten new insights in climate science 2023

Author: Bustamante, Mercedes, Roy, Joyashree, Ospina, Daniel, Achakulwisut, Ploy, Aggarwal, Anubha, Bastos, Ana, Broadgate, Wendy, Canadell, Josep G, Carr, Edward R, Chen, Deliang, Cleugh, Helen A, Ebi, Kristie L, Edwards, Clea, Farbotko, Carol, Fernández-Martínez, Marcos, Frölicher, Thomas L, Fuss, Sabine, Geden, Oliver, Gruber, Nicolas, Harrington, Luke J, Hauck, Judith, Hausfather, Zeke, Hebden, Sophie, Hebinck, Aniek, Huq, Saleemul, Huss, Matthias, Jamero, M Laurice P, Juhola, Sirkku, Kumarasinghe, Nilushi, Lwasa, Shuaib, Mallick, Bishawjit, Martin, Maria, McGreevy, Steven, Mirazo, Paula, Mukherji, Aditi, Muttitt, Greg, Nemet, Gregory F, Obura, David, Okereke, Chukwumerije, Oliver, Tom, Orlove, Ben, Ouedraogo, Nadia S, Patra, Prabir K, Pelling, Mark, Pereira, Laura M, Persson, Åsa, Pongratz, Julia, Prakash, Anjal, Rammig, Anja, Raymond, Colin, Redman, Aaron, Reveco, Cristobal, Rockström, Johan, Rodrigues, Regina, Rounce, David R, Schipper, E Lisa F, Schlosser, Peter, Selomane, Odirilwe, Semieniuk, Gregor, Shin, Yunne-Jai, Siddiqui, Tasneem A, Singh, Vartika, Sioen, Giles B, Sokona, Youba, Stammer, Detlef, Steinert, Norman J, Suk, Sunhee, Sutton, Rowan, Thalheimer, Lisa, Thompson, Vikki, Trencher, Gregory, van der Geest, Kees, Werners, Saskia E, Wübbelmann, Thea, Wunderling, Nico, Yin, Jiabo, Zickfeld, Kirsten, Zscheischler, Jakob, Bustamante, Mercedes, Roy, Joyashree, Ospina, Daniel, Achakulwisut, Ploy, Aggarwal, Anubha, Bastos, Ana, Broadgate, Wendy, Canadell, Josep G, Carr, Edward R, Chen, Deliang, Cleugh, Helen A, Ebi, Kristie L, Edwards, Clea, Farbotko, Carol, Fernández-Martínez, Marcos, Frölicher, Thomas L, Fuss, Sabine, Geden, Oliver, Gruber, Nicolas, Harrington, Luke J, Hauck, Judith, Hausfather, Zeke, Hebden, Sophie, Hebinck, Aniek, Huq, Saleemul, Huss, Matthias, Jamero, M Laurice P, Juhola, Sirkku, Kumarasinghe, Nilushi, Lwasa, Shuaib, Mallick, Bishawjit, Martin, Maria, McGreevy, Steven, Mirazo, Paula, Mukherji, Aditi, Muttitt, Greg, Nemet, Gregory F, Obura, David, Okereke, Chukwumerije, Oliver, Tom, Orlove, Ben, Ouedraogo, Nadia S, Patra, Prabir K, Pelling, Mark, Pereira, Laura M, Persson, Åsa, Pongratz, Julia, Prakash, Anjal, Rammig, Anja, Raymond, Colin, Redman, Aaron, Reveco, Cristobal, Rockström, Johan, Rodrigues, Regina, Rounce, David R, Schipper, E Lisa F, Schlosser, Peter, Selomane, Odirilwe, Semieniuk, Gregor, Shin, Yunne-Jai, Siddiqui, Tasneem A, Singh, Vartika, Sioen, Giles B, Sokona, Youba, Stammer, Detlef, Steinert, Norman J, Suk, Sunhee, Sutton, Rowan, Thalheimer, Lisa, Thompson, Vikki, Trencher, Gregory, van der Geest, Kees, Werners, Saskia E, Wübbelmann, Thea, Wunderling, Nico, Yin, Jiabo, Zickfeld, Kirsten, and Zscheischler, Jakob
Abstract: Non-technical summary. We identify a set of essential recent advances in climate change research with high policy relevance, across natural and social sciences: (1) looming inevitability and implications of overshooting the 1.5°C warming limit, (2) urgent need for a rapid and managed fossil fuel phase-out, (3) challenges for scaling carbon dioxide removal, (4) uncertainties regarding the future contribution of natural carbon sinks, (5) intertwinedness of the crises of biodiversity loss and climate change, (6) compound events, (7) mountain glacier loss, (8) human immobility in the face of climate risks, (9) adaptation justice, and (10) just transitions in food systems. Technical summary. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Assessment Reports provides the scientific foundation for international climate negotiations and constitutes an unmatched resource for researchers. However, the assessment cycles take multiple years. As a contribution to cross- and interdisciplinary understanding of climate change across diverse research communities, we have streamlined an annual process to identify and synthesize significant research advances. We collected input from experts on various fields using an online questionnaire and prioritized a set of 10 key research insights with high policy relevance. This year, we focus on: (1) the looming overshoot of the 1.5°C warming limit, (2) the urgency of fossil fuel phase-out, (3) challenges to scale-up carbon dioxide removal, (4) uncertainties regarding future natural carbon sinks, (5) the need for joint governance of biodiversity loss and climate change, (6) advances in understanding compound events, (7) accelerated mountain glacier loss, (8) human immobility amidst climate risks, (9) adaptation justice, and (10) just transitions in food systems. We present a succinct account of these insights, reflect on their policy implications, and offer an integrated set of policy-relevant messages. This science synthesis and science communi
Published: 2023

8. 10 New Insights in Climate Science 2023/2024

Author: Bustamante, Mercedes, Roy, Joyashree, Ospina, Daniel, Achakulwisut, Ploy, Aggarwal, Anubha, Bastos, Ana, Broadgate, Wendy, Canadell, Josep G., Carr, Edward R., Chen, Deliang, Cleugh, Helen A., Ebi, Kristie L., Edwards, Clea, Farbotko, Carol, Fernández-Martínez, Marcos, Frölicher, Thomas L., Fuss, Sabine, Geden, Oliver, Gruber, Nicolas, Harrington, Luke J., Hauck, Judith, Hausfather, Zeke, Hebden, Sophie, Hebinck, Aniek, Huq, Saleemul, Huss, Matthias, Jamero, Laurice P., Juhola, Sirkku, Kumarasinghe, Nilushi, Lwasa, Shuaib, Mallick, Bishawjit, Martin, Maria, McGreevy, Steven, Mirazo, Paula, Mukherji, Aditi, Muttitt, Greg, Nemet, Gregory F., Obura, David, Okereke, Chukwumerije, Oliver, Tom, Orlove, Ben, Ouedraogo, Nadia S., Patra, Prabir K., Pelling, Mark, Pereira, Laura M., Persson, Åsa, Pongratz, Julia, Prakash, Anjal, Rammig, Anja, Raymond, Colin, Redman, Aaron, Reveco, Cristobal, Rockström, Johan, Rodrigues, Regina, Rounce, David R., Schipper, Lisa F., Schlosser, Peter, Selomane, Odirilwe, Semieniuk, Gregor, Shin, Yunne Jai, Siddiqui, Tasneem A., Singh, Vartika, Sioen, Giles B., Sokona, Youba, Stammer, Detlef, Steinert, Norman J., Suk, Sunhee, Sutton, Rowan, Thalheimer, Lisa, Thompson, Vikki, Trencher, Gregory, Van Der Geest, Kees, Werners, Saskia E., Wübbelmann, Thea, Wunderling, Nico, Yin, Jiabo, Zickfeld, Kirsten, Zscheischler, Jakob, Blome, Tanja, Wolff, Maria, Bustamante, Mercedes, Roy, Joyashree, Ospina, Daniel, Achakulwisut, Ploy, Aggarwal, Anubha, Bastos, Ana, Broadgate, Wendy, Canadell, Josep G., Carr, Edward R., Chen, Deliang, Cleugh, Helen A., Ebi, Kristie L., Edwards, Clea, Farbotko, Carol, Fernández-Martínez, Marcos, Frölicher, Thomas L., Fuss, Sabine, Geden, Oliver, Gruber, Nicolas, Harrington, Luke J., Hauck, Judith, Hausfather, Zeke, Hebden, Sophie, Hebinck, Aniek, Huq, Saleemul, Huss, Matthias, Jamero, Laurice P., Juhola, Sirkku, Kumarasinghe, Nilushi, Lwasa, Shuaib, Mallick, Bishawjit, Martin, Maria, McGreevy, Steven, Mirazo, Paula, Mukherji, Aditi, Muttitt, Greg, Nemet, Gregory F., Obura, David, Okereke, Chukwumerije, Oliver, Tom, Orlove, Ben, Ouedraogo, Nadia S., Patra, Prabir K., Pelling, Mark, Pereira, Laura M., Persson, Åsa, Pongratz, Julia, Prakash, Anjal, Rammig, Anja, Raymond, Colin, Redman, Aaron, Reveco, Cristobal, Rockström, Johan, Rodrigues, Regina, Rounce, David R., Schipper, Lisa F., Schlosser, Peter, Selomane, Odirilwe, Semieniuk, Gregor, Shin, Yunne Jai, Siddiqui, Tasneem A., Singh, Vartika, Sioen, Giles B., Sokona, Youba, Stammer, Detlef, Steinert, Norman J., Suk, Sunhee, Sutton, Rowan, Thalheimer, Lisa, Thompson, Vikki, Trencher, Gregory, Van Der Geest, Kees, Werners, Saskia E., Wübbelmann, Thea, Wunderling, Nico, Yin, Jiabo, Zickfeld, Kirsten, Zscheischler, Jakob, Blome, Tanja, and Wolff, Maria
Abstract: Each year, Future Earth, the Earth League and the World Climate Research Programme gather leading scholars from around the world to review the most pressing findings in climate research. The result is the 10 New Insights in Climate Science, delivered as two self-standing products: a peer-reviewed scientific article and this policy report providing a rich and valuable synthesis for policymakers and society at large. The scientific evidence underpinning this year’s report was published between January 2022–June 2023. For policymakers responding to the urgent challenge of the climate crisis, the 10 New Insights in Climate Science 2023/2024 offers credible guidance through 2024 and beyond.
Published: 2023

9. Ten New Insights in Climate Science 2023/2024

Author: Bustamante, Mercedes, Roy, Joyashree, Ospina, Daniel, Achakulwisut, Ploy, Aggarwal, Anubha, Bastos, Ana, Broadgate, Wendy, Canadell, Josep G., Carr, Edward R., Chen, Deliang, Cleugh, Helen A., Ebi, Kristie L., Edwards, Clea, Farbotko, Carol, Fernández-Martínez, Marcos, Frölicher, Thomas L., Fuss, Sabine, Geden, Oliver, Gruber, Nicolas, Harrington, Luke J., Hauck, Judith, Hausfather, Zeke, Hebden, Sophie, Hebinck, Aniek, Huq, Saleemul, Huss, Matthias, Jamero, Laurice P., Juhola, Sirkku, Kumarasinghe, Nilushi, Lwasa, Shuaib, Mallick, Bishawjit, Martin, Maria, McGreevy, Steven, Mirazo, Paula, Mukherji, Aditi, Muttitt, Greg, Nemet, Gregory F., Obura, David, Okereke, Chukwumerije, Oliver, Tom, Orlove, Ben, Ouedraogo, Nadia S., Patra, Prabir K., Pelling, Mark, Pereira, Laura M., Persson, Åsa, Pongratz, Julia, Prakash, Anjal, Rammig, Anja, Raymond, Colin, Redman, Aaron, Reveco, Cristobal, Rockström, Johan, Rodrigues, Regina, Rounce, David R., Schipper, Lisa F., Schlosser, Peter, Selomane, Odirilwe, Semieniuk, Gregor, Shin, Yunne Jai, Siddiqui, Tasneem A., Singh, Vartika, Sioen, Giles B., Sokona, Youba, Stammer, Detlef, Steinert, Norman J., Suk, Sunhee, Sutton, Rowan, Thalheimer, Lisa, Thompson, Vikki, Trencher, Gregory, Van Der Geest, Kees, Werners, Saskia E., Wübbelmann, Thea, Wunderling, Nico, Yin, Jiabo, Zickfeld, Kirsten, Zscheischler, Jakob, Bustamante, Mercedes, Roy, Joyashree, Ospina, Daniel, Achakulwisut, Ploy, Aggarwal, Anubha, Bastos, Ana, Broadgate, Wendy, Canadell, Josep G., Carr, Edward R., Chen, Deliang, Cleugh, Helen A., Ebi, Kristie L., Edwards, Clea, Farbotko, Carol, Fernández-Martínez, Marcos, Frölicher, Thomas L., Fuss, Sabine, Geden, Oliver, Gruber, Nicolas, Harrington, Luke J., Hauck, Judith, Hausfather, Zeke, Hebden, Sophie, Hebinck, Aniek, Huq, Saleemul, Huss, Matthias, Jamero, Laurice P., Juhola, Sirkku, Kumarasinghe, Nilushi, Lwasa, Shuaib, Mallick, Bishawjit, Martin, Maria, McGreevy, Steven, Mirazo, Paula, Mukherji, Aditi, Muttitt, Greg, Nemet, Gregory F., Obura, David, Okereke, Chukwumerije, Oliver, Tom, Orlove, Ben, Ouedraogo, Nadia S., Patra, Prabir K., Pelling, Mark, Pereira, Laura M., Persson, Åsa, Pongratz, Julia, Prakash, Anjal, Rammig, Anja, Raymond, Colin, Redman, Aaron, Reveco, Cristobal, Rockström, Johan, Rodrigues, Regina, Rounce, David R., Schipper, Lisa F., Schlosser, Peter, Selomane, Odirilwe, Semieniuk, Gregor, Shin, Yunne Jai, Siddiqui, Tasneem A., Singh, Vartika, Sioen, Giles B., Sokona, Youba, Stammer, Detlef, Steinert, Norman J., Suk, Sunhee, Sutton, Rowan, Thalheimer, Lisa, Thompson, Vikki, Trencher, Gregory, Van Der Geest, Kees, Werners, Saskia E., Wübbelmann, Thea, Wunderling, Nico, Yin, Jiabo, Zickfeld, Kirsten, and Zscheischler, Jakob
Abstract: Non-technical summary: We identify a set of essential recent advances in climate change research with high policy relevance, across natural and social sciences: (1) looming inevitability and implications of overshooting the 1.5°C warming limit, (2) urgent need for a rapid and managed fossil fuel phase-out, (3) challenges for scaling carbon dioxide removal, (4) uncertainties regarding the future contribution of natural carbon sinks, (5) intertwinedness of the crises of biodiversity loss and climate change, (6) compound events, (7) mountain glacier loss, (8) human immobility in the face of climate risks, (9) adaptation justice, and (10) just transitions in food systems. Technical summary The IPCC Assessment Reports offer the scientific foundation for international climate negotiations and constitute an unmatched resource for climate change researchers. However, the assessment cycles take multiple years. As a contribution to cross- and interdisciplinary understanding across diverse climate change research communities, we have streamlined an annual process to identify and synthesise essential research advances. We collected input from experts on different fields using an online questionnaire and prioritised a set of ten key research insights with high policy relevance. This year we focus on: (1) looming overshoot of the 1.5°C warming limit, (2) urgency of phasing-out fossil fuels, (3) challenges for scaling carbon dioxide removal, (4) uncertainties regarding the future of natural carbon sinks, (5) need for join governance of biodiversity loss and climate change, (6) advances in the science of compound events, (7) mountain glacier loss, (8) human immobility in the face of climate risks, (9) adaptation justice, and (10) just transitions in food systems. We first present a succinct account of these Insights, reflect on their policy implications, and offer an integrated set of policy relevant messages. This science synthesis and science communication effort is also the basi
Published: 2023

10. The drivers and impacts of Amazon forest degradation

Author: Lapola, David M., Pinho, Patricia, Barlow, Jos, Aragão, Luiz E. O. C., Berenguer, Erika, Carmenta, Rachel, Liddy, Hannah M., Seixas, Hugo, Silva, Camila V. J., Silva-Junior, Celso H. L., Alencar, Ane A. C., Anderson, Liana O., Armenteras, Dolors, Brovkin, Victor, Calders, Kim, Chambers, Jeffrey, Chini, Louise, Costa, Marcos H., Faria, Bruno L., Fearnside, Philip M., Ferreira, Joice, Gatti, Luciana, Gutierrez-Velez, Victor Hugo, Han, Zhangang, Hibbard, Kathleen, Koven, Charles, Lawrence, Peter, Pongratz, Julia, Portela, Bruno T. T., Rounsevell, Mark, Ruane, Alex C., Schaldach, Rüdiger, da Silva, Sonaira S., von Randow, Celso, Walker, Wayne S., Lapola, David M., Pinho, Patricia, Barlow, Jos, Aragão, Luiz E. O. C., Berenguer, Erika, Carmenta, Rachel, Liddy, Hannah M., Seixas, Hugo, Silva, Camila V. J., Silva-Junior, Celso H. L., Alencar, Ane A. C., Anderson, Liana O., Armenteras, Dolors, Brovkin, Victor, Calders, Kim, Chambers, Jeffrey, Chini, Louise, Costa, Marcos H., Faria, Bruno L., Fearnside, Philip M., Ferreira, Joice, Gatti, Luciana, Gutierrez-Velez, Victor Hugo, Han, Zhangang, Hibbard, Kathleen, Koven, Charles, Lawrence, Peter, Pongratz, Julia, Portela, Bruno T. T., Rounsevell, Mark, Ruane, Alex C., Schaldach, Rüdiger, da Silva, Sonaira S., von Randow, Celso, and Walker, Wayne S.
Abstract: Approximately 2.5 × 10 6 square kilometers of the Amazon forest are currently degraded by fire, edge effects, timber extraction, and/or extreme drought, representing 38% of all remaining forests in the region. Carbon emissions from this degradation total up to 0.2 petagrams of carbon per year (Pg C year −1 ), which is equivalent to, if not greater than, the emissions from Amazon deforestation (0.06 to 0.21 Pg C year −1 ). Amazon forest degradation can reduce dry-season evapotranspiration by up to 34% and cause as much biodiversity loss as deforestation in human-modified landscapes, generating uneven socioeconomic burdens, mainly to forest dwellers. Projections indicate that degradation will remain a dominant source of carbon emissions independent of deforestation rates. Policies to tackle degradation should be integrated with efforts to curb deforestation and complemented with innovative measures addressing the disturbances that degrade the Amazon forest.
Published: 2023

11. The drivers and impacts of Amazon forest degradation

Author: Lapola, David M., Pinho, Patricia, Barlow, Jos, Aragão, Luiz E. O. C., Berenguer, Erika, Carmenta, Rachel, Liddy, Hannah M., Seixas, Hugo, Silva, Camila V. J., Silva-Junior, Celso H. L., Alencar, Ane A. C., Anderson, Liana O., Armenteras, Dolors, Brovkin, Victor, Calders, Kim, Chambers, Jeffrey, Chini, Louise, Costa, Marcos H., Faria, Bruno L., Fearnside, Philip M., Ferreira, Joice, Gatti, Luciana, Gutierrez-Velez, Victor Hugo, Han, Zhangang, Hibbard, Kathleen, Koven, Charles, Lawrence, Peter, Pongratz, Julia, Portela, Bruno T. T., Rounsevell, Mark, Ruane, Alex C., Schaldach, Rüdiger, da Silva, Sonaira S., von Randow, Celso, Walker, Wayne S., Lapola, David M., Pinho, Patricia, Barlow, Jos, Aragão, Luiz E. O. C., Berenguer, Erika, Carmenta, Rachel, Liddy, Hannah M., Seixas, Hugo, Silva, Camila V. J., Silva-Junior, Celso H. L., Alencar, Ane A. C., Anderson, Liana O., Armenteras, Dolors, Brovkin, Victor, Calders, Kim, Chambers, Jeffrey, Chini, Louise, Costa, Marcos H., Faria, Bruno L., Fearnside, Philip M., Ferreira, Joice, Gatti, Luciana, Gutierrez-Velez, Victor Hugo, Han, Zhangang, Hibbard, Kathleen, Koven, Charles, Lawrence, Peter, Pongratz, Julia, Portela, Bruno T. T., Rounsevell, Mark, Ruane, Alex C., Schaldach, Rüdiger, da Silva, Sonaira S., von Randow, Celso, and Walker, Wayne S.
Abstract: Approximately 2.5 × 10 6 square kilometers of the Amazon forest are currently degraded by fire, edge effects, timber extraction, and/or extreme drought, representing 38% of all remaining forests in the region. Carbon emissions from this degradation total up to 0.2 petagrams of carbon per year (Pg C year −1 ), which is equivalent to, if not greater than, the emissions from Amazon deforestation (0.06 to 0.21 Pg C year −1 ). Amazon forest degradation can reduce dry-season evapotranspiration by up to 34% and cause as much biodiversity loss as deforestation in human-modified landscapes, generating uneven socioeconomic burdens, mainly to forest dwellers. Projections indicate that degradation will remain a dominant source of carbon emissions independent of deforestation rates. Policies to tackle degradation should be integrated with efforts to curb deforestation and complemented with innovative measures addressing the disturbances that degrade the Amazon forest.
Published: 2023

12. World Ocean Review: Klimaretter Ozean? Wie das Meer (noch) mehr Kohlendioxid aufnehmen soll

Author: Amann, Thorben, Baatz, Christian, Böttcher, Miranda, Geden, Oliver, Keller, David P., Kopf, Achim, Merk, Christine, Milinski, Sebastian, Mintenbeck, Katja, Oschlies, Andreas, Pongratz, Julia, Proelß, Alexander, Rehder, Gregor, Rickels, Wilfried, Riebesell, Ulf, Sswat, Michael, Tank, Lukas, Wallmann, Klaus, Westmark, Lennart, Wölfelschneider, Mirco, Zimmer, Martin, Amann, Thorben, Baatz, Christian, Böttcher, Miranda, Geden, Oliver, Keller, David P., Kopf, Achim, Merk, Christine, Milinski, Sebastian, Mintenbeck, Katja, Oschlies, Andreas, Pongratz, Julia, Proelß, Alexander, Rehder, Gregor, Rickels, Wilfried, Riebesell, Ulf, Sswat, Michael, Tank, Lukas, Wallmann, Klaus, Westmark, Lennart, Wölfelschneider, Mirco, and Zimmer, Martin
Abstract: Wie soll der Mensch den Klimawandel wirkungsvoll begrenzen? Oberste Priorität haben sicherlich Maßnahmen zur Vermeidung von Treibhausgas-Emissionen. Fakt ist mittlerweile aber auch, dass wir der Atmosphäre in den kommenden Jahrzehnten viel Kohlendioxid entnehmen und sicher einlagern müssen. Kann oder sogar muss uns der Ozean bei dieser Aufgabe helfen? Der neue „World Ocean Review“ (WOR Nr. 8) erläutert diese Frage anhand der Rolle des Ozeans im Kohlenstoffkreislauf der Erde und stellt Vorteile, Risiken und Wissenslücken zu den wichtigsten meeresbasierten Verfahren zur Kohlendioxid-Entnahme vor.
Published: 2023

13. World Ocean Review: Klimaretter Ozean? Wie das Meer (noch) mehr Kohlendioxid aufnehmen soll

Author: Amann, Thorben, Baatz, Christian, Böttcher, Miranda, Geden, Oliver, Keller, David P., Kopf, Achim, Merk, Christine, Milinski, Sebastian, Mintenbeck, Katja, Oschlies, Andreas, Pongratz, Julia, Proelß, Alexander, Rehder, Gregor, Rickels, Wilfried, Riebesell, Ulf, Sswat, Michael, Tank, Lukas, Wallmann, Klaus, Westmark, Lennart, Wölfelschneider, Mirco, Zimmer, Martin, Amann, Thorben, Baatz, Christian, Böttcher, Miranda, Geden, Oliver, Keller, David P., Kopf, Achim, Merk, Christine, Milinski, Sebastian, Mintenbeck, Katja, Oschlies, Andreas, Pongratz, Julia, Proelß, Alexander, Rehder, Gregor, Rickels, Wilfried, Riebesell, Ulf, Sswat, Michael, Tank, Lukas, Wallmann, Klaus, Westmark, Lennart, Wölfelschneider, Mirco, and Zimmer, Martin
Abstract: Wie soll der Mensch den Klimawandel wirkungsvoll begrenzen? Oberste Priorität haben sicherlich Maßnahmen zur Vermeidung von Treibhausgas-Emissionen. Fakt ist mittlerweile aber auch, dass wir der Atmosphäre in den kommenden Jahrzehnten viel Kohlendioxid entnehmen und sicher einlagern müssen. Kann oder sogar muss uns der Ozean bei dieser Aufgabe helfen? Der neue „World Ocean Review“ (WOR Nr. 8) erläutert diese Frage anhand der Rolle des Ozeans im Kohlenstoffkreislauf der Erde und stellt Vorteile, Risiken und Wissenslücken zu den wichtigsten meeresbasierten Verfahren zur Kohlendioxid-Entnahme vor.
Published: 2023

14. Ten New Insights in Climate Science 2023/2024

Author: Bustamante, Mercedes, Roy, Joyashree, Ospina, Daniel, Achakulwisut, Ploy, Aggarwal, Anubha, Bastos, Ana, Broadgate, Wendy, Canadell, Josep G., Carr, Edward R., Chen, Deliang, Cleugh, Helen A., Ebi, Kristie L., Edwards, Clea, Farbotko, Carol, Fernández-Martínez, Marcos, Frölicher, Thomas L., Fuss, Sabine, Geden, Oliver, Gruber, Nicolas, Harrington, Luke J., Hauck, Judith, Hausfather, Zeke, Hebden, Sophie, Hebinck, Aniek, Huq, Saleemul, Huss, Matthias, Jamero, M. Laurice P., Juhola, Sirkku, Kumarasinghe, Nilushi, Lwasa, Shuaib, Mallick, Bishawjit, Martin, Maria, McGreevy, Steven, Mirazo, Paula, Mukherji, Aditi, Muttitt, Greg, Nemet, Gregory F., Obura, David, Okereke, Chukwumerije, Oliver, Tom, Orlove, Ben, Ouedraogo, Nadia S., Patra, Prabir K., Pelling, Mark, Pereira, Laura M., Persson, Åsa, Pongratz, Julia, Prakash, Anjal, Rammig, Anja, Raymond, Colin, Redman, Aaron, Reveco, Cristobal, Rockström, Johan, Rodrigues, Regina, Rounce, David R., Schipper, E. Lisa F., Schlosser, Peter, Selomane, Odirilwe, Semieniuk, Gregor, Shin, Yunne Jai, Siddiqui, Tasneem A., Singh, Vartika, Sioen, Giles B., Sokona, Youba, Stammer, Detlef, Steinert, Norman J., Suk, Sunhee, Sutton, Rowan, Thalheimer, Lisa, Thompson, Vikki, Trencher, Gregory, Van Der Geest, Kees, Werners, Saskia E., Wübbelmann, Thea, Wunderling, Nico, Yin, Jiabo, Zickfeld, Kirsten, Zscheischler, Jakob, Bustamante, Mercedes, Roy, Joyashree, Ospina, Daniel, Achakulwisut, Ploy, Aggarwal, Anubha, Bastos, Ana, Broadgate, Wendy, Canadell, Josep G., Carr, Edward R., Chen, Deliang, Cleugh, Helen A., Ebi, Kristie L., Edwards, Clea, Farbotko, Carol, Fernández-Martínez, Marcos, Frölicher, Thomas L., Fuss, Sabine, Geden, Oliver, Gruber, Nicolas, Harrington, Luke J., Hauck, Judith, Hausfather, Zeke, Hebden, Sophie, Hebinck, Aniek, Huq, Saleemul, Huss, Matthias, Jamero, M. Laurice P., Juhola, Sirkku, Kumarasinghe, Nilushi, Lwasa, Shuaib, Mallick, Bishawjit, Martin, Maria, McGreevy, Steven, Mirazo, Paula, Mukherji, Aditi, Muttitt, Greg, Nemet, Gregory F., Obura, David, Okereke, Chukwumerije, Oliver, Tom, Orlove, Ben, Ouedraogo, Nadia S., Patra, Prabir K., Pelling, Mark, Pereira, Laura M., Persson, Åsa, Pongratz, Julia, Prakash, Anjal, Rammig, Anja, Raymond, Colin, Redman, Aaron, Reveco, Cristobal, Rockström, Johan, Rodrigues, Regina, Rounce, David R., Schipper, E. Lisa F., Schlosser, Peter, Selomane, Odirilwe, Semieniuk, Gregor, Shin, Yunne Jai, Siddiqui, Tasneem A., Singh, Vartika, Sioen, Giles B., Sokona, Youba, Stammer, Detlef, Steinert, Norman J., Suk, Sunhee, Sutton, Rowan, Thalheimer, Lisa, Thompson, Vikki, Trencher, Gregory, Van Der Geest, Kees, Werners, Saskia E., Wübbelmann, Thea, Wunderling, Nico, Yin, Jiabo, Zickfeld, Kirsten, and Zscheischler, Jakob
Abstract: Non-technical summary: We identify a set of essential recent advances in climate change research with high policy relevance, across natural and social sciences: (1) looming inevitability and implications of overshooting the 1.5°C warming limit, (2) urgent need for a rapid and managed fossil fuel phase-out, (3) challenges for scaling carbon dioxide removal, (4) uncertainties regarding the future contribution of natural carbon sinks, (5) intertwinedness of the crises of biodiversity loss and climate change, (6) compound events, (7) mountain glacier loss, (8) human immobility in the face of climate risks, (9) adaptation justice, and (10) just transitions in food systems. Technical summary The IPCC Assessment Reports offer the scientific foundation for international climate negotiations and constitute an unmatched resource for climate change researchers. However, the assessment cycles take multiple years. As a contribution to cross- and interdisciplinary understanding across diverse climate change research communities, we have streamlined an annual process to identify and synthesise essential research advances. We collected input from experts on different fields using an online questionnaire and prioritised a set of ten key research insights with high policy relevance. This year we focus on: (1) looming overshoot of the 1.5°C warming limit, (2) urgency of phasing-out fossil fuels, (3) challenges for scaling carbon dioxide removal, (4) uncertainties regarding the future of natural carbon sinks, (5) need for join governance of biodiversity loss and climate change, (6) advances in the science of compound events, (7) mountain glacier loss, (8) human immobility in the face of climate risks, (9) adaptation justice, and (10) just transitions in food systems. We first present a succinct account of these Insights, reflect on their policy implications, and offer an integrated set of policy relevant messages. This science synthesis and science communication effort is also the b
Published: 2023

15. Changes in land use and management led to a decline in Eastern Europe’s terrestrial carbon sink

Author: Winkler, Karina, Yang, Hui, Ganzenmüller, Raphael, Fuchs, Richard, Ceccherini, Guido, Duveiller, Grégory, Grassi, Giacomo, Pongratz, Julia, Bastos, Ana, Shvidenko, Anatoly, Araza, Arnan, Herold, Martin, Wigneron, Jean Pierre, Ciais, Philippe, Winkler, Karina, Yang, Hui, Ganzenmüller, Raphael, Fuchs, Richard, Ceccherini, Guido, Duveiller, Grégory, Grassi, Giacomo, Pongratz, Julia, Bastos, Ana, Shvidenko, Anatoly, Araza, Arnan, Herold, Martin, Wigneron, Jean Pierre, and Ciais, Philippe
Abstract: Land-based mitigation is essential in reducing net carbon emissions. Yet, the attribution of carbon fluxes remains highly uncertain, in particular for the forest-rich region of Eastern Europe (incl. Western Russia). Here we integrate various data sources to show that Eastern Europe accounted for an above-ground biomass carbon sink of ~0.41 gigatons of carbon per year over the period 2010–2019, that is 78% of the entire European carbon sink. We find that this carbon sink is declining, mainly driven by changes in land use and land management, but also by increasing natural disturbances. Based on a random forest model, we show that land use and management changes are main drivers of the declining carbon sink in Eastern Europe, although soil moisture variability is also important. Specifically, the saturation effect of tree regrowth in abandoned agricultural areas, combined with increasing wood harvest removals, particularly in European Russia, contributed to the decrease in the Eastern European carbon sink.
Published: 2023

16. Global Carbon Budget 2023

Author: Friedlingstein, Pierre, O'Sullivan, Michael, Jones, Matthew W., Andrew, Robbie M., Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Hauck, Judith, Landschützer, Peter, Le Quéré, Corinne, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Peters, Glen P., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Sitch, Stephen, Canadell, Josep G., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B., Alin, Simone R., Anthoni, Peter, Barbero, Leticia, Bates, Nicholas R., Becker, Meike, Bellouin, Nicolas, Decharme, Bertrand, Bopp, Laurent, Brasika, Ida Bagus Mandhara, Cadule, Patricia, Chamberlain, Matthew A., Chandra, Naveen, Chau, Thi-Tuyet-Trang, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Cronin, Margot, Dou, Xinyu, Enyo, Kazutaka, Evans, Wiley, Falk, Stefanie, Feely, Richard A., Feng, Liang, Ford, Daniel J., Gasser, Thomas, Ghattas, Josefine, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Grassi, Giacomo, Gregor, Luke, Gruber, Nicolas, Gürses, Özgür, Harris, Ian, Hefner, Matthew, Heinke, Jens, Houghton, Richard A., Hurtt, George C., Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jacobson, Andrew R., Jain, Atul, Jarníková, Tereza, Jersild, Annika, Jiang, Fei, Jin, Zhe, Joos, Fortunat, Kato, Etsushi, Keeling, Ralph F., Kennedy, Daniel, Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Knauer, Jürgen, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Körtzinger, Arne, Lan, Xin, Lefèvre, Nathalie, Li, Hongmei, Liu, Junjie, Liu, Zhiqiang, Ma, Lei, Marland, Greg, Mayot, Nicolas, McGuire, Patrick C., McKinley, Galen A., Meyer, Gesa, Morgan, Eric J., Munro, David R., Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, Niwa, Yosuke, O'Brien, Kevin M., Olsen, Are, Omar, Abdirahman M., Ono, Tsuneo, Paulsen, Melf, Pierrot, Denis, Pocock, Katie, Poulter, Benjamin, Powis, Carter M., Rehder, Gregor, Resplandy, Laure, Robertson, Eddy, Rödenbeck, Christian, Rosan, Thais M., Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Smallman, T. Luke, Smith, Stephen M., Sospedra-Alfonso, Reinel, Sun, Qing, Sutton, Adrienne J., Sweeney, Colm, Takao, Shintaro, Tans, Pieter P., Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Tubiello, Francesco, van der Werf, Guido R., van Ooijen, Erik, Wanninkhof, Rik, Watanabe, Michio, Wimart-Rousseau, Cathy, Yang, Dongxu, Yang, Xiaojuan, Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Xu, Zaehle, Sönke, Zeng, Jiye, Zheng, Bo, Friedlingstein, Pierre, O'Sullivan, Michael, Jones, Matthew W., Andrew, Robbie M., Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Hauck, Judith, Landschützer, Peter, Le Quéré, Corinne, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Peters, Glen P., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Sitch, Stephen, Canadell, Josep G., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B., Alin, Simone R., Anthoni, Peter, Barbero, Leticia, Bates, Nicholas R., Becker, Meike, Bellouin, Nicolas, Decharme, Bertrand, Bopp, Laurent, Brasika, Ida Bagus Mandhara, Cadule, Patricia, Chamberlain, Matthew A., Chandra, Naveen, Chau, Thi-Tuyet-Trang, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Cronin, Margot, Dou, Xinyu, Enyo, Kazutaka, Evans, Wiley, Falk, Stefanie, Feely, Richard A., Feng, Liang, Ford, Daniel J., Gasser, Thomas, Ghattas, Josefine, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Grassi, Giacomo, Gregor, Luke, Gruber, Nicolas, Gürses, Özgür, Harris, Ian, Hefner, Matthew, Heinke, Jens, Houghton, Richard A., Hurtt, George C., Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jacobson, Andrew R., Jain, Atul, Jarníková, Tereza, Jersild, Annika, Jiang, Fei, Jin, Zhe, Joos, Fortunat, Kato, Etsushi, Keeling, Ralph F., Kennedy, Daniel, Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Knauer, Jürgen, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Körtzinger, Arne, Lan, Xin, Lefèvre, Nathalie, Li, Hongmei, Liu, Junjie, Liu, Zhiqiang, Ma, Lei, Marland, Greg, Mayot, Nicolas, McGuire, Patrick C., McKinley, Galen A., Meyer, Gesa, Morgan, Eric J., Munro, David R., Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, Niwa, Yosuke, O'Brien, Kevin M., Olsen, Are, Omar, Abdirahman M., Ono, Tsuneo, Paulsen, Melf, Pierrot, Denis, Pocock, Katie, Poulter, Benjamin, Powis, Carter M., Rehder, Gregor, Resplandy, Laure, Robertson, Eddy, Rödenbeck, Christian, Rosan, Thais M., Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Smallman, T. Luke, Smith, Stephen M., Sospedra-Alfonso, Reinel, Sun, Qing, Sutton, Adrienne J., Sweeney, Colm, Takao, Shintaro, Tans, Pieter P., Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Tubiello, Francesco, van der Werf, Guido R., van Ooijen, Erik, Wanninkhof, Rik, Watanabe, Michio, Wimart-Rousseau, Cathy, Yang, Dongxu, Yang, Xiaojuan, Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Xu, Zaehle, Sönke, Zeng, Jiye, and Zheng, Bo
Abstract: Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate is critical to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe and synthesize data sets and methodology to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties. Fossil CO2 emissions (E-FOS) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, while emissions from land-use change (E-LUC), mainly deforestation, are based on land-use and land-use change data and bookkeeping models. Atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly, and its growth rate (G(ATM)) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The ocean CO2 sink (S-OCEAN) is estimated with global ocean biogeochemistry models and observation-based fCO(2) products. The terrestrial CO2 sink (S-LAND) is estimated with dynamic global vegetation models. Additional lines of evidence on land and ocean sinks are provided by atmospheric inversions, atmospheric oxygen measurements, and Earth system models. The resulting carbon budget imbalance (B-IM), the difference between the estimated total emissions and the estimated changes in the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere, is a measure of imperfect data and incomplete understanding of the contemporary carbon cycle. All uncertainties are reported as +/- 1 sigma. For the year 2022, E-FOS increased by 0.9% relative to 2021, with fossil emissions at 9.9 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1) (10.2 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1) when the cement carbonation sink is not included), and E-LUC was 1.2 +/- 0.7 GtC yr(-1), for a total anthropogenic CO2 emission (including the cement carbonation sink) of 11.1 +/- 0.8 GtC yr(-1) (40.7 +/- 3.2 GtCO(2) yr(-1)). Also, for 2022, G(ATM) was 4.6 +/- 0.2 GtC yr(-1) (2.18 +/- 0.1 ppm yr(-1); ppm denotes parts per million), S-OCEAN was 2.8 +/- 0.4 GtC yr(-1)
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

17. National contributions to climate change due to historical emissions of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide

Author: Friedlingstein, Pierre, O'Sullivan, Michael, Jones, Matthew W., Andrew, Robbie M., Gregor, Luke, Hauck, Judith, Le Quéré, Corinne, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Olsen, Are, Peters, Glen P., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Sitch, Stephen, Canadell, Josep G., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B., Alin, Simone R., Alkama, Ramdane, Arneth, Almut, Arora, Vivek K., Bates, Nicholas R., Becker, Meike, Bellouin, Nicolas, Bittig, Henry C., Bopp, Laurent, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Cronin, Margot, Evans, Wiley, Falk, Stefanie, Feely, Richard A., Gasser, Thomas, Gehlen, Marion, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Gloege, Lucas, Grassi, Giacomo, Gruber, Nicolas, Gürses, Özgür, Harris, Ian, Hefner, Matthew, Houghton, Richard A., Hurtt, George C., Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jain, Atul K., Jersild, Annika, Kadono, Koji, Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Knauer, Jürgen, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Landschützer, Peter, Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lindsay, Keith, Liu, Junjie, Liu, Zhu, Marland, Gregg, Mayot, Nicolas, Mcgrath, Matthew J., Metzl, Nicolas, Monacci, Natalie M., Munro, David R., Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, Niwa, Yosuke, O'brien, Kevin, Ono, Tsuneo, Palmer, Paul I., Pan, Naiqing, Pierrot, Denis, Pocock, Katie, Poulter, Benjamin, Resplandy, Laure, Robertson, Eddy, Rödenbeck, Christian, Rodriguez, Carmen, Rosan, Thais M., Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Shutler, Jamie D., Skjelvan, Ingunn, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sun, Qing, Sutton, Adrienne J., Sweeney, Colm, Takao, Shintaro, Tanhua, Toste, Tans, Pieter P., Tian, Xiangjun, Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Tubiello, Francesco, Van Der Werf, Guido R., Walker, Anthony P., Wanninkhof, Rik, Whitehead, Chris, Willstrand Wranne, Anna, Wright, Rebecca, Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Chao, Yue, Xu, Zaehle, Sönke, Zeng, Jiye, Zheng, Bo, Friedlingstein, Pierre, O'Sullivan, Michael, Jones, Matthew W., Andrew, Robbie M., Gregor, Luke, Hauck, Judith, Le Quéré, Corinne, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Olsen, Are, Peters, Glen P., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Sitch, Stephen, Canadell, Josep G., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B., Alin, Simone R., Alkama, Ramdane, Arneth, Almut, Arora, Vivek K., Bates, Nicholas R., Becker, Meike, Bellouin, Nicolas, Bittig, Henry C., Bopp, Laurent, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Cronin, Margot, Evans, Wiley, Falk, Stefanie, Feely, Richard A., Gasser, Thomas, Gehlen, Marion, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Gloege, Lucas, Grassi, Giacomo, Gruber, Nicolas, Gürses, Özgür, Harris, Ian, Hefner, Matthew, Houghton, Richard A., Hurtt, George C., Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jain, Atul K., Jersild, Annika, Kadono, Koji, Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Knauer, Jürgen, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Landschützer, Peter, Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lindsay, Keith, Liu, Junjie, Liu, Zhu, Marland, Gregg, Mayot, Nicolas, Mcgrath, Matthew J., Metzl, Nicolas, Monacci, Natalie M., Munro, David R., Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, Niwa, Yosuke, O'brien, Kevin, Ono, Tsuneo, Palmer, Paul I., Pan, Naiqing, Pierrot, Denis, Pocock, Katie, Poulter, Benjamin, Resplandy, Laure, Robertson, Eddy, Rödenbeck, Christian, Rodriguez, Carmen, Rosan, Thais M., Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Shutler, Jamie D., Skjelvan, Ingunn, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sun, Qing, Sutton, Adrienne J., Sweeney, Colm, Takao, Shintaro, Tanhua, Toste, Tans, Pieter P., Tian, Xiangjun, Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Tubiello, Francesco, Van Der Werf, Guido R., Walker, Anthony P., Wanninkhof, Rik, Whitehead, Chris, Willstrand Wranne, Anna, Wright, Rebecca, Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Chao, Yue, Xu, Zaehle, Sönke, Zeng, Jiye, and Zheng, Bo
Abstract: A complete description of the dataset is given by Jones et al. (2023). Key information is provided below. A dataset describing the global warming response to national emissions CO2, CH4 and N2O from fossil and land use sources during 1851-2021. National CO2 emissions data are collated from the Global Carbon Project (Andrew and Peters, 2022; Friedlingstein et al., 2022). National CH4 and N2O emissions data are collated from PRIMAP-hist (HISTTP) (Gütschow et al., 2022). We construct a time series of cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions for each country, gas, and emissions source (fossil or land use). Emissions of CH4 and N2O emissions are related to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions using the Global Warming Potential (GWP*) approach, with best-estimates of the coefficients taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021). Warming in response to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions is estimated using the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions (TCRE) approach, with best-estimate value of TCRE taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021, Canadell et al., 2021). 'Warming' is specifically the change in global mean surface temperature (GMST). The data files provide emissions, cumulative emissions and the GMST response by country, gas (CO2, CH4, N2O or 3-GHG total) and source (fossil emissions, land use emissions or the total)., A complete description of the dataset is given by Jones et al. (2023). Key information is provided below. Background A dataset describing the global warming response to national emissions CO2, CH4 and N2O from fossil and land use sources during 1851-2021. National CO2 emissions data are collated from the Global Carbon Project (Andrew and Peters, 2022; Friedlingstein et al., 2022). National CH4 and N2O emissions data are collated from PRIMAP-hist (HISTTP) (Gütschow et al., 2022). We construct a time series of cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions for each country, gas, and emissions source (fossil or land use). Emissions of CH4 and N2O emissions are related to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions using the Global Warming Potential (GWP*) approach, with best-estimates of the coefficients taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021). Warming in response to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions is estimated using the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions (TCRE) approach, with best-estimate value of TCRE taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021, Canadell et al., 2021). 'Warming' is specifically the change in global mean surface temperature (GMST). The data files provide emissions, cumulative emissions and the GMST response by country, gas (CO2, CH4, N2O or 3-GHG total) and source (fossil emissions, land use emissions or the total). Data records: overview The data records include three comma separated values (.csv) files as described below. All files are in ‘long’ format with one value provided in the Data column for each combination of the categorical variables Year, Country Name, Country ISO3 code, Gas, and Component columns. Component specifies fossil emissions, LULUCF emissions or total emissions of the gas. Gas specifies CO2, CH4, N
Published: 2023

18. Ten new insights in climate science 2023

Author: Bustamante, Mercedes, Roy, Joyashree, Ospina, Daniel, Achakulwisut, Ploy, Aggarwal, Anubha, Bastos, Ana, Broadgate, Wendy, Canadell, Josep G., Carr, Edward R., Chen, Deliang, Cleugh, Helen A., Ebi, Kristie L., Edwards, Clea, Farbotko, Carol, Fernandez-Martinez, Marcos, Froelicher, Thomas L., Fuss, Sabine, Geden, Oliver, Gruber, Nicolas, Harrington, Luke J., Hauck, Judith, Hausfather, Zeke, Hebden, Sophie, Hebinck, Aniek, Huq, Saleemul, Huss, Matthias, Jamero, M. Laurice P., Juhola, Sirkku, Kumarasinghe, Nilushi, Lwasa, Shuaib, Mallick, Bishawjit, Martin, Maria, Mcgreevy, Steven, Mirazo, Paula, Mukherji, Aditi, Muttitt, Greg, Nemet, Gregory F., Obura, David, Okereke, Chukwumerije, Oliver, Tom, Orlove, Ben, Ouedraogo, Nadia S., Patra, Prabir K., Pelling, Mark, Pereira, Laura M., Persson, Åsa, Pongratz, Julia, Prakash, Anjal, Rammig, Anja, Raymond, Colin, Redman, Aaron, Reveco, Cristobal, Rockstroem, Johan, Rodrigues, Regina, Rounce, David R., Schipper, E. Lisa F., Schlosser, Peter, Selomane, Odirilwe, Semieniuk, Gregor, Shin, Yunne-Jai, Siddiqui, Tasneem A., Singh, Vartika, Sioen, Giles B., Sokona, Youba, Stammer, Detlef, Steinert, Norman J., Suk, Sunhee, Sutton, Rowan, Thalheimer, Lisa, Thompson, Vikki, Trencher, Gregory, van der Geest, Kees, Werners, Saskia E., Wuebbelmann, Thea, Wunderling, Nico, Yin, Jiabo, Zickfeld, Kirsten, Zscheischler, Jakob, Bustamante, Mercedes, Roy, Joyashree, Ospina, Daniel, Achakulwisut, Ploy, Aggarwal, Anubha, Bastos, Ana, Broadgate, Wendy, Canadell, Josep G., Carr, Edward R., Chen, Deliang, Cleugh, Helen A., Ebi, Kristie L., Edwards, Clea, Farbotko, Carol, Fernandez-Martinez, Marcos, Froelicher, Thomas L., Fuss, Sabine, Geden, Oliver, Gruber, Nicolas, Harrington, Luke J., Hauck, Judith, Hausfather, Zeke, Hebden, Sophie, Hebinck, Aniek, Huq, Saleemul, Huss, Matthias, Jamero, M. Laurice P., Juhola, Sirkku, Kumarasinghe, Nilushi, Lwasa, Shuaib, Mallick, Bishawjit, Martin, Maria, Mcgreevy, Steven, Mirazo, Paula, Mukherji, Aditi, Muttitt, Greg, Nemet, Gregory F., Obura, David, Okereke, Chukwumerije, Oliver, Tom, Orlove, Ben, Ouedraogo, Nadia S., Patra, Prabir K., Pelling, Mark, Pereira, Laura M., Persson, Åsa, Pongratz, Julia, Prakash, Anjal, Rammig, Anja, Raymond, Colin, Redman, Aaron, Reveco, Cristobal, Rockstroem, Johan, Rodrigues, Regina, Rounce, David R., Schipper, E. Lisa F., Schlosser, Peter, Selomane, Odirilwe, Semieniuk, Gregor, Shin, Yunne-Jai, Siddiqui, Tasneem A., Singh, Vartika, Sioen, Giles B., Sokona, Youba, Stammer, Detlef, Steinert, Norman J., Suk, Sunhee, Sutton, Rowan, Thalheimer, Lisa, Thompson, Vikki, Trencher, Gregory, van der Geest, Kees, Werners, Saskia E., Wuebbelmann, Thea, Wunderling, Nico, Yin, Jiabo, Zickfeld, Kirsten, and Zscheischler, Jakob
Abstract: Non-technical summary We identify a set of essential recent advances in climate change research with high policy relevance, across natural and social sciences: (1) looming inevitability and implications of overshooting the 1.5 degrees C warming limit, (2) urgent need for a rapid and managed fossil fuel phase-out, (3) challenges for scaling carbon dioxide removal, (4) uncertainties regarding the future contribution of natural carbon sinks, (5) intertwinedness of the crises of biodiversity loss and climate change, (6) compound events, (7) mountain glacier loss, (8) human immobility in the face of climate risks, (9) adaptation justice, and (10) just transitions in food systems.Technical summary The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Assessment Reports provides the scientific foundation for international climate negotiations and constitutes an unmatched resource for researchers. However, the assessment cycles take multiple years. As a contribution to cross- and interdisciplinary understanding of climate change across diverse research communities, we have streamlined an annual process to identify and synthesize significant research advances. We collected input from experts on various fields using an online questionnaire and prioritized a set of 10 key research insights with high policy relevance. This year, we focus on: (1) the looming overshoot of the 1.5 degrees C warming limit, (2) the urgency of fossil fuel phase-out, (3) challenges to scale-up carbon dioxide removal, (4) uncertainties regarding future natural carbon sinks, (5) the need for joint governance of biodiversity loss and climate change, (6) advances in understanding compound events, (7) accelerated mountain glacier loss, (8) human immobility amidst climate risks, (9) adaptation justice, and (10) just transitions in food systems. We present a succinct account of these insights, reflect on their policy implications, and offer an integrated set of policy-relevant messages. This science synthesis and sc, Funding Agencies|FORMAS; Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development [2021-00273]; European Union's Horizon 2020 ERC StG, ForExD [101039567]; Australian National Environmental Science Program-Climate Systems Hub; Australian Research Council [FT210100512]; European Research Council [StG-2022-101076740, StG-2022-101077209]; Ramon y Cajal fellowship [RYC2021-031511-I]; Swiss National Science Foundation [821003, 951542]; Ministry for Business, Innovation & Employment of New Zealand [RTVU1906]; Helmholtz Association [VH-NG-1301]; Ministry of the Environment of Japan [JPMEERF21S20800]; Ministry of Education, Culture,Sports, Science and Technology of Japan [JPMXD1420318865]; Research Institute for Humanity and Nature [14200133]; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research; ERA-Net ForestValue; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [80NSSC20K1296, 80NSSC20K1595]; CGIAR; Norway's International Climate and Forest Initiative (NICFI) [SG_SECR_055_00 I]; World Resource Institute [SG_SECR_055_00 I]; Bilateral program from the Japan Society for thePromotion of Science [JPJSBP120203502, JPJSBP120229922]; Helmholtz Initiative and Networking Fund [VH-NG-1537]
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

19. Ten New Insights in Climate Science 2023/2024

Author: Bustamante, Mercedes, Bustamante, Mercedes, Roy, Joyashree, Ospina, Daniel, Achakulwisut, Ploy, Aggarwal, Anubha, Bastos, Ana, Broadgate, Wendy, Canadell, Josep G, Carr, Edward R, Chen, Deliang, Cleugh, Helen A, Ebi, Kristie L, Edwards, Clea, Farbotko, Carol, Fernández-Martínez, Marcos, Frölicher, Thomas L, Fuss, Sabine, Geden, Oliver, Gruber, Nicolas, Harrington, Luke J, Hauck, Judith, Hausfather, Zeke, Hebden, Sophie, Hebinck, Aniek, Huq, Saleemul, Huss, Matthias, Jamero, M Laurice P, Juhola, Sirkku, Kumarasinghe, Nilushi, Lwasa, Shuaib, Mallick, Bishawjit, Martin, Maria, McGreevy, Steven, Mirazo, Paula, Mukherji, Aditi, Muttitt, Greg, Nemet, Gregory F, Obura, David, Okereke, Chukwumerije, Oliver, Tom, Orlove, Ben, Ouedraogo, Nadia S, Patra, Prabir K, Pelling, Mark, Pereira, Laura M, Persson, Åsa, Pongratz, Julia, Prakash, Anjal, Rammig, Anja, Raymond, Colin, Redman, Aaron, Reveco, Cristobal, Rockström, Johan, Rodrigues, Regina, Rounce, David R, Schipper, E Lisa F, Schlosser, Peter, Selomane, Odirilwe, Semieniuk, Gregor, Shin, Yunne-Jai, Siddiqui, Tasneem A, Singh, Vartika, Sioen, Giles B, Sokona, Youba, Stammer, Detlef, Steinert, Norman J, Suk, Sunhee, Sutton, Rowan, Thalheimer, Lisa, Thompson, Vikki, Trencher, Gregory, van der Geest, Kees, Werners, Saskia E, Wübbelmann, Thea, Wunderling, Nico, Yin, Jiabo, Zickfeld, Kirsten, Zscheischler, Jakob, Bustamante, Mercedes, Bustamante, Mercedes, Roy, Joyashree, Ospina, Daniel, Achakulwisut, Ploy, Aggarwal, Anubha, Bastos, Ana, Broadgate, Wendy, Canadell, Josep G, Carr, Edward R, Chen, Deliang, Cleugh, Helen A, Ebi, Kristie L, Edwards, Clea, Farbotko, Carol, Fernández-Martínez, Marcos, Frölicher, Thomas L, Fuss, Sabine, Geden, Oliver, Gruber, Nicolas, Harrington, Luke J, Hauck, Judith, Hausfather, Zeke, Hebden, Sophie, Hebinck, Aniek, Huq, Saleemul, Huss, Matthias, Jamero, M Laurice P, Juhola, Sirkku, Kumarasinghe, Nilushi, Lwasa, Shuaib, Mallick, Bishawjit, Martin, Maria, McGreevy, Steven, Mirazo, Paula, Mukherji, Aditi, Muttitt, Greg, Nemet, Gregory F, Obura, David, Okereke, Chukwumerije, Oliver, Tom, Orlove, Ben, Ouedraogo, Nadia S, Patra, Prabir K, Pelling, Mark, Pereira, Laura M, Persson, Åsa, Pongratz, Julia, Prakash, Anjal, Rammig, Anja, Raymond, Colin, Redman, Aaron, Reveco, Cristobal, Rockström, Johan, Rodrigues, Regina, Rounce, David R, Schipper, E Lisa F, Schlosser, Peter, Selomane, Odirilwe, Semieniuk, Gregor, Shin, Yunne-Jai, Siddiqui, Tasneem A, Singh, Vartika, Sioen, Giles B, Sokona, Youba, Stammer, Detlef, Steinert, Norman J, Suk, Sunhee, Sutton, Rowan, Thalheimer, Lisa, Thompson, Vikki, Trencher, Gregory, van der Geest, Kees, Werners, Saskia E, Wübbelmann, Thea, Wunderling, Nico, Yin, Jiabo, Zickfeld, Kirsten, and Zscheischler, Jakob
Abstract: Non-technical summary: We identify a set of essential recent advances in climate change research with high policy relevance, across natural and social sciences: (1) looming inevitability and implications of overshooting the 1.5°C warming limit, (2) urgent need for a rapid and managed fossil fuel phase-out, (3) challenges for scaling carbon dioxide removal, (4) uncertainties regarding the future contribution of natural carbon sinks, (5) intertwinedness of the crises of biodiversity loss and climate change, (6) compound events, (7) mountain glacier loss, (8) human immobility in the face of climate risks, (9) adaptation justice, and (10) just transitions in food systems. Technical summary The IPCC Assessment Reports offer the scientific foundation for international climate negotiations and constitute an unmatched resource for climate change researchers. However, the assessment cycles take multiple years. As a contribution to cross- and interdisciplinary understanding across diverse climate change research communities, we have streamlined an annual process to identify and synthesise essential research advances. We collected input from experts on different fields using an online questionnaire and prioritised a set of ten key research insights with high policy relevance. This year we focus on: (1) looming overshoot of the 1.5°C warming limit, (2) urgency of phasing-out fossil fuels, (3) challenges for scaling carbon dioxide removal, (4) uncertainties regarding the future of natural carbon sinks, (5) need for join governance of biodiversity loss and climate change, (6) advances in the science of compound events, (7) mountain glacier loss, (8) human immobility in the face of climate risks, (9) adaptation justice, and (10) just transitions in food systems. We first present a succinct account of these Insights, reflect on their policy implications, and offer an integrated set of policy relevant messages. This science synthesis and science communication effort is also the basi
Published: 2023

20. The consolidated European synthesis of CO2 emissions and removals for the European Union and United Kingdom: 1990-2020

Author: McGrath, Matthew J., Petrescu, Ana Maria Roxana, Peylin, Philippe, Andrew, Robbie M., Matthews, Bradley, Dentener, Frank, Balkovič, Juraj, Bastrikov, Vladislav, Becker, Meike, Broquet, Gregoire, Ciais, Philippe, Fortems-Cheiney, Audrey, Ganzenmüller, Raphael, Grassi, Giacomo, Harris, Ian, Jones, Matthew, Knauer, Jürgen, Kuhnert, Matthias, Monteil, Guillaume, Munassar, Saqr, Palmer, Paul I., Peters, Glen P., Qiu, Chunjing, Schelhaas, Mart Jan, Tarasova, Oksana, Vizzarri, Matteo, Winkler, Karina, Balsamo, Gianpaolo, Berchet, Antoine, Briggs, Peter, Brockmann, Patrick, Chevallier, Frédéric, Conchedda, Giulia, Crippa, Monica, Dellaert, Stijn N.C., Denier van der Gon, Hugo A.C., Filipek, Sara, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Fuchs, Richard, Gauss, Michael, Gerbig, Christoph, Guizzardi, Diego, Günther, Dirk, Houghton, Richard A., Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, Lauerwald, Ronny, Lerink, Bas, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Moulas, Géraud, Muntean, Marilena, Nabuurs, Gert Jan, Paquirissamy, Aurélie, Perugini, Lucia, Peters, Wouter, Pilli, Roberto, Pongratz, Julia, Regnier, Pierre, Scholze, Marko, Serengil, Yusuf, Smith, Pete, Solazzo, Efisio, Thompson, Rona L., Tubiello, Francesco N., Vesala, Timo, Walther, Sophia, McGrath, Matthew J., Petrescu, Ana Maria Roxana, Peylin, Philippe, Andrew, Robbie M., Matthews, Bradley, Dentener, Frank, Balkovič, Juraj, Bastrikov, Vladislav, Becker, Meike, Broquet, Gregoire, Ciais, Philippe, Fortems-Cheiney, Audrey, Ganzenmüller, Raphael, Grassi, Giacomo, Harris, Ian, Jones, Matthew, Knauer, Jürgen, Kuhnert, Matthias, Monteil, Guillaume, Munassar, Saqr, Palmer, Paul I., Peters, Glen P., Qiu, Chunjing, Schelhaas, Mart Jan, Tarasova, Oksana, Vizzarri, Matteo, Winkler, Karina, Balsamo, Gianpaolo, Berchet, Antoine, Briggs, Peter, Brockmann, Patrick, Chevallier, Frédéric, Conchedda, Giulia, Crippa, Monica, Dellaert, Stijn N.C., Denier van der Gon, Hugo A.C., Filipek, Sara, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Fuchs, Richard, Gauss, Michael, Gerbig, Christoph, Guizzardi, Diego, Günther, Dirk, Houghton, Richard A., Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, Lauerwald, Ronny, Lerink, Bas, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Moulas, Géraud, Muntean, Marilena, Nabuurs, Gert Jan, Paquirissamy, Aurélie, Perugini, Lucia, Peters, Wouter, Pilli, Roberto, Pongratz, Julia, Regnier, Pierre, Scholze, Marko, Serengil, Yusuf, Smith, Pete, Solazzo, Efisio, Thompson, Rona L., Tubiello, Francesco N., Vesala, Timo, and Walther, Sophia
Abstract: Quantification of land surface-atmosphere fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2) and their trends and uncertainties is essential for monitoring progress of the EU27+UK bloc as it strives to meet ambitious targets determined by both international agreements and internal regulation. This study provides a consolidated synthesis of fossil sources (CO2 fossil) and natural (including formally managed ecosystems) sources and sinks over land (CO2 land) using bottom-up (BU) and top-down (TD) approaches for the European Union and United Kingdom (EU27+UK), updating earlier syntheses (Petrescu et al., 2020, 2021). Given the wide scope of the work and the variety of approaches involved, this study aims to answer essential questions identified in the previous syntheses and understand the differences between datasets, particularly for poorly characterized fluxes from managed and unmanaged ecosystems. The work integrates updated emission inventory data, process-based model results, data-driven categorical model results, and inverse modeling estimates, extending the previous period 1990-2018 to the year 2020 to the extent possible. BU and TD products are compared with the European national greenhouse gas inventory (NGHGI) reported by parties including the year 2019 under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The uncertainties of the EU27+UK NGHGI were evaluated using the standard deviation reported by the EU member states following the guidelines of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and harmonized by gap-filling procedures. Variation in estimates produced with other methods, such as atmospheric inversion models (TD) or spatially disaggregated inventory datasets (BU), originate from within-model uncertainty related to parameterization as well as structural differences between models. By comparing the NGHGI with other approaches, key sources of differences between estimates arise primarily in activities. System boundaries and emission categorie
Published: 2023

21. Global Carbon Budget 2023

Author: Friedlingstein, Pierre, O'Sullivan, Michael, Jones, Matthew W., Andrew, Robbie M., Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Hauck, Judith, Landschützer, Peter, Le Quéré, Corinne, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Peters, Glen P., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Sitch, Stephen, Canadell, Josep G., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B., Alin, Simone R., Anthoni, Peter, Barbero, Leticia, Bates, Nicholas R., Becker, Meike, Bellouin, Nicolas, Decharme, Bertrand, Bopp, Laurent, Brasika, Ida Bagus Mandhara, Cadule, Patricia, Chamberlain, Matthew A., Chandra, Naveen, Chau, Thi-Tuyet-Trang, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Cronin, Margot, Dou, Xinyu, Enyo, Kazutaka, Evans, Wiley, Falk, Stefanie, Feely, Richard A., Feng, Liang, Ford, Daniel J., Gasser, Thomas, Ghattas, Josefine, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Grassi, Giacomo, Gregor, Luke, Gruber, Nicolas, Gürses, Özgür, Harris, Ian, Hefner, Matthew, Heinke, Jens, Houghton, Richard A., Hurtt, George C., Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jacobson, Andrew R., Jain, Atul, Jarníková, Tereza, Jersild, Annika, Jiang, Fei, Jin, Zhe, Joos, Fortunat, Kato, Etsushi, Keeling, Ralph F., Kennedy, Daniel, Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Knauer, Jürgen, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Körtzinger, Arne, Lan, Xin, Lefèvre, Nathalie, Li, Hongmei, Liu, Junjie, Liu, Zhiqiang, Ma, Lei, Marland, Greg, Mayot, Nicolas, McGuire, Patrick C., McKinley, Galen A., Meyer, Gesa, Morgan, Eric J., Munro, David R., Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, Niwa, Yosuke, O'Brien, Kevin M., Olsen, Are, Omar, Abdirahman M., Ono, Tsuneo, Paulsen, Melf, Pierrot, Denis, Pocock, Katie, Poulter, Benjamin, Powis, Carter M., Rehder, Gregor, Resplandy, Laure, Robertson, Eddy, Rödenbeck, Christian, Rosan, Thais M., Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Smallman, T. Luke, Smith, Stephen M., Sospedra-Alfonso, Reinel, Sun, Qing, Sutton, Adrienne J., Sweeney, Colm, Takao, Shintaro, Tans, Pieter P., Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Tubiello, Francesco, van der Werf, Guido R., van Ooijen, Erik, Wanninkhof, Rik, Watanabe, Michio, Wimart-Rousseau, Cathy, Yang, Dongxu, Yang, Xiaojuan, Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Xu, Zaehle, Sönke, Zeng, Jiye, Zheng, Bo, Friedlingstein, Pierre, O'Sullivan, Michael, Jones, Matthew W., Andrew, Robbie M., Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Hauck, Judith, Landschützer, Peter, Le Quéré, Corinne, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Peters, Glen P., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Sitch, Stephen, Canadell, Josep G., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B., Alin, Simone R., Anthoni, Peter, Barbero, Leticia, Bates, Nicholas R., Becker, Meike, Bellouin, Nicolas, Decharme, Bertrand, Bopp, Laurent, Brasika, Ida Bagus Mandhara, Cadule, Patricia, Chamberlain, Matthew A., Chandra, Naveen, Chau, Thi-Tuyet-Trang, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Cronin, Margot, Dou, Xinyu, Enyo, Kazutaka, Evans, Wiley, Falk, Stefanie, Feely, Richard A., Feng, Liang, Ford, Daniel J., Gasser, Thomas, Ghattas, Josefine, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Grassi, Giacomo, Gregor, Luke, Gruber, Nicolas, Gürses, Özgür, Harris, Ian, Hefner, Matthew, Heinke, Jens, Houghton, Richard A., Hurtt, George C., Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jacobson, Andrew R., Jain, Atul, Jarníková, Tereza, Jersild, Annika, Jiang, Fei, Jin, Zhe, Joos, Fortunat, Kato, Etsushi, Keeling, Ralph F., Kennedy, Daniel, Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Knauer, Jürgen, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Körtzinger, Arne, Lan, Xin, Lefèvre, Nathalie, Li, Hongmei, Liu, Junjie, Liu, Zhiqiang, Ma, Lei, Marland, Greg, Mayot, Nicolas, McGuire, Patrick C., McKinley, Galen A., Meyer, Gesa, Morgan, Eric J., Munro, David R., Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, Niwa, Yosuke, O'Brien, Kevin M., Olsen, Are, Omar, Abdirahman M., Ono, Tsuneo, Paulsen, Melf, Pierrot, Denis, Pocock, Katie, Poulter, Benjamin, Powis, Carter M., Rehder, Gregor, Resplandy, Laure, Robertson, Eddy, Rödenbeck, Christian, Rosan, Thais M., Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Smallman, T. Luke, Smith, Stephen M., Sospedra-Alfonso, Reinel, Sun, Qing, Sutton, Adrienne J., Sweeney, Colm, Takao, Shintaro, Tans, Pieter P., Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Tubiello, Francesco, van der Werf, Guido R., van Ooijen, Erik, Wanninkhof, Rik, Watanabe, Michio, Wimart-Rousseau, Cathy, Yang, Dongxu, Yang, Xiaojuan, Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Xu, Zaehle, Sönke, Zeng, Jiye, and Zheng, Bo
Abstract: Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate is critical to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe and synthesize data sets and methodology to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties. Fossil CO2 emissions (E-FOS) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, while emissions from land-use change (E-LUC), mainly deforestation, are based on land-use and land-use change data and bookkeeping models. Atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly, and its growth rate (G(ATM)) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The ocean CO2 sink (S-OCEAN) is estimated with global ocean biogeochemistry models and observation-based fCO(2) products. The terrestrial CO2 sink (S-LAND) is estimated with dynamic global vegetation models. Additional lines of evidence on land and ocean sinks are provided by atmospheric inversions, atmospheric oxygen measurements, and Earth system models. The resulting carbon budget imbalance (B-IM), the difference between the estimated total emissions and the estimated changes in the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere, is a measure of imperfect data and incomplete understanding of the contemporary carbon cycle. All uncertainties are reported as +/- 1 sigma. For the year 2022, E-FOS increased by 0.9% relative to 2021, with fossil emissions at 9.9 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1) (10.2 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1) when the cement carbonation sink is not included), and E-LUC was 1.2 +/- 0.7 GtC yr(-1), for a total anthropogenic CO2 emission (including the cement carbonation sink) of 11.1 +/- 0.8 GtC yr(-1) (40.7 +/- 3.2 GtCO(2) yr(-1)). Also, for 2022, G(ATM) was 4.6 +/- 0.2 GtC yr(-1) (2.18 +/- 0.1 ppm yr(-1); ppm denotes parts per million), S-OCEAN was 2.8 +/- 0.4 GtC yr(-1)
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

22. Supplemental data of Global Carbon Project 2022

Author: Friedlingstein, Pierre, O'Sullivan, Michael, Jones, Matthew W., Andrew, Robbie M., Gregor, Luke, Hauck, Judith, Le Quéré, Corinne, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Olsen, Are, Peters, Glen P., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Sitch, Stephen, Canadell, Josep G., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B., Alin, Simone R., Alkama, Ramdane, Arneth, Almut, Arora, Vivek K., Bates, Nicholas R., Becker, Meike, Bellouin, Nicolas, Bittig, Henry C., Bopp, Laurent, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Cronin, Margot, Evans, Wiley, Falk, Stefanie, Feely, Richard A., Gasser, Thomas, Gehlen, Marion, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Gloege, Lucas, Grassi, Giacomo, Gruber, Nicolas, Gürses, Özgür, Harris, Ian, Hefner, Matthew, Houghton, Richard A., Hurtt, George C., Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jain, Atul K., Jersild, Annika, Kadono, Koji, Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Knauer, Jürgen, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Landschützer, Peter, Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lindsay, Keith, Liu, Junjie, Liu, Zhu, Marland, Gregg, Mayot, Nicolas, Mcgrath, Matthew J., Metzl, Nicolas, Monacci, Natalie M., Munro, David R., Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, Niwa, Yosuke, O'brien, Kevin, Ono, Tsuneo, Palmer, Paul I., Pan, Naiqing, Pierrot, Denis, Pocock, Katie, Poulter, Benjamin, Resplandy, Laure, Robertson, Eddy, Rödenbeck, Christian, Rodriguez, Carmen, Rosan, Thais M., Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Shutler, Jamie D., Skjelvan, Ingunn, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sun, Qing, Sutton, Adrienne J., Sweeney, Colm, Takao, Shintaro, Tanhua, Toste, Tans, Pieter P., Tian, Xiangjun, Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Tubiello, Francesco, Van Der Werf, Guido R., Walker, Anthony P., Wanninkhof, Rik, Whitehead, Chris, Willstrand Wranne, Anna, Wright, Rebecca, Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Chao, Yue, Xu, Zaehle, Sönke, Zeng, Jiye, Zheng, Bo, Friedlingstein, Pierre, O'Sullivan, Michael, Jones, Matthew W., Andrew, Robbie M., Gregor, Luke, Hauck, Judith, Le Quéré, Corinne, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Olsen, Are, Peters, Glen P., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Sitch, Stephen, Canadell, Josep G., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B., Alin, Simone R., Alkama, Ramdane, Arneth, Almut, Arora, Vivek K., Bates, Nicholas R., Becker, Meike, Bellouin, Nicolas, Bittig, Henry C., Bopp, Laurent, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Cronin, Margot, Evans, Wiley, Falk, Stefanie, Feely, Richard A., Gasser, Thomas, Gehlen, Marion, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Gloege, Lucas, Grassi, Giacomo, Gruber, Nicolas, Gürses, Özgür, Harris, Ian, Hefner, Matthew, Houghton, Richard A., Hurtt, George C., Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jain, Atul K., Jersild, Annika, Kadono, Koji, Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Knauer, Jürgen, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Landschützer, Peter, Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lindsay, Keith, Liu, Junjie, Liu, Zhu, Marland, Gregg, Mayot, Nicolas, Mcgrath, Matthew J., Metzl, Nicolas, Monacci, Natalie M., Munro, David R., Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, Niwa, Yosuke, O'brien, Kevin, Ono, Tsuneo, Palmer, Paul I., Pan, Naiqing, Pierrot, Denis, Pocock, Katie, Poulter, Benjamin, Resplandy, Laure, Robertson, Eddy, Rödenbeck, Christian, Rodriguez, Carmen, Rosan, Thais M., Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Shutler, Jamie D., Skjelvan, Ingunn, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sun, Qing, Sutton, Adrienne J., Sweeney, Colm, Takao, Shintaro, Tanhua, Toste, Tans, Pieter P., Tian, Xiangjun, Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Tubiello, Francesco, Van Der Werf, Guido R., Walker, Anthony P., Wanninkhof, Rik, Whitehead, Chris, Willstrand Wranne, Anna, Wright, Rebecca, Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Chao, Yue, Xu, Zaehle, Sönke, Zeng, Jiye, and Zheng, Bo
Abstract: Supplement containing data related to the 2022 Global Carbon Budget from the Global Carbon Project. The original article is Friedlingstein et al: Global Carbon Budget 2022, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4811–4900, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022. Further information is available on: http://www.globalcarbonproject.org/carbonbudget, Supplement containing data related to the 2022 Global Carbon Budget from the Global Carbon Project. The original article is Friedlingstein et al: Global Carbon Budget 2022, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4811–4900, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022. Further information is available on: http://www.globalcarbonproject.org/carbonbudget. File Global_Carbon_Budget_2022v1.0.xlsx includes the following: 1. Summary 2. Global Carbon Budget 3. Fossil fuel emissions by Fuel Type 4. Land-use change emissions 5. Ocean Sink 6. Terrestrial sink 7. Historical Budget. File National_Carbon_Emissions_2022v1.0.xlsx includes the following: 1. Summary 2. Territorial emissions 3. Consumption emissions 4. Emissions transfers 5. Country definitions 6. Disaggregation 7. Aggregation
Published: 2022

23. Global Carbon Budget 2021

Author: Friedlingstein, Pierre, Jones, Matthew W., O'Sullivan, Michael, Andrew, Robbie M., Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Hauck, Judith, Le Quéré, Corinne, Peters, Glen P., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Sitch, Stephen, Canadell, Josep G., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Rob B., Alin, Simone R., Anthoni, Peter, Bates, Nicholas R., Becker, Meike, Bellouin, Nicolas, Bopp, Laurent, Chau, Thi Tuyet Trang, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Cronin, Margot, Currie, Kim I., Decharme, Bertrand, Djeutchouang, Laique M., Dou, Xinyu, Evans, Wiley, Feely, Richard A., Feng, Liang, Gasser, Thomas, Gilfillan, Dennis, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Grassi, Giacomo, Gregor, Luke, Gruber, Nicolas, Gürses, Özgür, Harris, Ian, Houghton, Richard A., Hurtt, George C., Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Jain, Atul, Jones, Steve D., Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Knauer, Jürgen, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Körtzinger, Arne, Landschützer, Peter, Lauvset, Siv K., Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lienert, Sebastian, Liu, Junjie, Marland, Gregg, McGuire, Patrick C., Melton, Joe R., Munro, David R., Nabel, Julia E. M. S., Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, Niwa, Yosuke, Ono, Tsuneo, Pierrot, Denis, Poulter, Benjamin, Rehder, Gregor, Resplandy, Laure, Robertson, Eddy, Rödenbeck, Christian, Rosan, Thais M., Schwinger, Jörg, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Séférian, Roland, Sutton, Adrienne J., Sweeney, Colm, Tanhua, Toste, Tans, Pieter P., Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tubiello, Francesco, van der Werf, Guido R., Vuichard, Nicolas, Wada, Chisato, Wanninkhof, Rik, Watson, Andrew J., Willis, David, Wiltshire, Andrew J., Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Chao, Yue, Xu, Zaehle, Sönke, Zeng, Jiye, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Jones, Matthew W., O'Sullivan, Michael, Andrew, Robbie M., Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Hauck, Judith, Le Quéré, Corinne, Peters, Glen P., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Sitch, Stephen, Canadell, Josep G., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Rob B., Alin, Simone R., Anthoni, Peter, Bates, Nicholas R., Becker, Meike, Bellouin, Nicolas, Bopp, Laurent, Chau, Thi Tuyet Trang, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Cronin, Margot, Currie, Kim I., Decharme, Bertrand, Djeutchouang, Laique M., Dou, Xinyu, Evans, Wiley, Feely, Richard A., Feng, Liang, Gasser, Thomas, Gilfillan, Dennis, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Grassi, Giacomo, Gregor, Luke, Gruber, Nicolas, Gürses, Özgür, Harris, Ian, Houghton, Richard A., Hurtt, George C., Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Jain, Atul, Jones, Steve D., Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Knauer, Jürgen, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Körtzinger, Arne, Landschützer, Peter, Lauvset, Siv K., Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lienert, Sebastian, Liu, Junjie, Marland, Gregg, McGuire, Patrick C., Melton, Joe R., Munro, David R., Nabel, Julia E. M. S., Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, Niwa, Yosuke, Ono, Tsuneo, Pierrot, Denis, Poulter, Benjamin, Rehder, Gregor, Resplandy, Laure, Robertson, Eddy, Rödenbeck, Christian, Rosan, Thais M., Schwinger, Jörg, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Séférian, Roland, Sutton, Adrienne J., Sweeney, Colm, Tanhua, Toste, Tans, Pieter P., Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tubiello, Francesco, van der Werf, Guido R., Vuichard, Nicolas, Wada, Chisato, Wanninkhof, Rik, Watson, Andrew J., Willis, David, Wiltshire, Andrew J., Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Chao, Yue, Xu, Zaehle, Sönke, and Zeng, Jiye
Published: 2022

24. Definitions and methods to estimate regional land carbon fluxes for the second phase of the REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes Project (RECCAP-2)

Author: Ciais, Philippe, Bastos, Ana, Chevallier, Frédéric, Lauerwald, Ronny, Poulter, Ben, Canadell, Josep G., Hugelius, Gustaf, Jackson, Robert B., Jain, Atul, Jones, Matthew, Kondo, Masayuki, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Patra, Prabir K., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Petrescu, A. M. Roxana, Piao, Shilong, Qiu, Chunjing, Von Randow, Celso, Regnier, Pierre, Saunois, Marielle, Scholes, Robert, Shvidenko, Anatoly, Tian, Hanqin, Yang, Hui, Wang, Xuhui, Zheng, Bo, Ciais, Philippe, Bastos, Ana, Chevallier, Frédéric, Lauerwald, Ronny, Poulter, Ben, Canadell, Josep G., Hugelius, Gustaf, Jackson, Robert B., Jain, Atul, Jones, Matthew, Kondo, Masayuki, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Patra, Prabir K., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Petrescu, A. M. Roxana, Piao, Shilong, Qiu, Chunjing, Von Randow, Celso, Regnier, Pierre, Saunois, Marielle, Scholes, Robert, Shvidenko, Anatoly, Tian, Hanqin, Yang, Hui, Wang, Xuhui, and Zheng, Bo
Abstract: Regional land carbon budgets provide insights into the spatial distribution of the land uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide and can be used to evaluate carbon cycle models and to define baselines for land-based additional mitigation efforts. The scientific community has been involved in providing observation-based estimates of regional carbon budgets either by downscaling atmospheric CO2 observations into surface fluxes with atmospheric inversions, by using inventories of carbon stock changes in terrestrial ecosystems, by upscaling local field observations such as flux towers with gridded climate and remote sensing fields, or by integrating data-driven or process-oriented terrestrial carbon cycle models. The first coordinated attempt to collect regional carbon budgets for nine regions covering the entire globe in the RECCAP-1 project has delivered estimates for the decade 2000–2009, but these budgets were not comparable between regions due to different definitions and component fluxes being reported or omitted. The recent recognition of lateral fluxes of carbon by human activities and rivers that connect CO2 uptake in one area with its release in another also requires better definitions and protocols to reach harmonized regional budgets that can be summed up to a globe scale and compared with the atmospheric CO2 growth rate and inversion results. In this study, using the international initiative RECCAP-2 coordinated by the Global Carbon Project, which aims to be an update to regional carbon budgets over the last 2 decades based on observations for 10 regions covering the globe with a better harmonization than the precursor project, we provide recommendations for using atmospheric inversion results to match bottom-up carbon accounting and models, and we define the different component fluxes of the net land atmosphere carbon exchange that should be reported by each research group in charge of each region. Special attention is given to lateral fluxes, inland water flu
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

25. Global Carbon Budget 2021

Author: Integr. Assessm. Global Environm. Change, Environmental Sciences, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Jones, Matthew W., O'Sullivan, Michael, Andrew, Robbie M., Bakker, Dorothee C.E., Hauck, Judith, Le Quéré, Corinne, Peters, Glen P., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Sitch, Stephen, Canadell, Josep G., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Rob B., Alin, Simone R., Anthoni, Peter, Bates, Nicholas R., Becker, Meike, Bellouin, Nicolas, Bopp, Laurent, Chau, Thi Tuyet Trang, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Cronin, Margot, Currie, Kim I., Decharme, Bertrand, Djeutchouang, Laique M., Dou, Xinyu, Evans, Wiley, Feely, Richard A., Feng, Liang, Gasser, Thomas, Gilfillan, Dennis, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Grassi, Giacomo, Gregor, Luke, Gruber, Nicolas, Gürses, Özgür, Harris, Ian, Houghton, Richard A., Hurtt, George C., Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Jain, Atul, Jones, Steve D., Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, Goldewijk, Kees Klein, Knauer, Jürgen, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Körtzinger, Arne, Landschützer, Peter, Lauvset, Siv K., Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lienert, Sebastian, Liu, Junjie, Marland, Gregg, McGuire, Patrick C., Melton, Joe R., Munro, David R., Nabel, Julia E.M.S., Nakaoka, Shin Ichiro, Niwa, Yosuke, Ono, Tsuneo, Pierrot, Denis, Poulter, Benjamin, Rehder, Gregor, Resplandy, Laure, Robertson, Eddy, Rödenbeck, Christian, Rosan, Thais M., Schwinger, Jörg, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Séférian, Roland, Sutton, Adrienne J., Sweeney, Colm, Tanhua, Toste, Tans, Pieter P., Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tubiello, Francesco, Van Der Werf, Guido R., Vuichard, Nicolas, Wada, Chisato, Wanninkhof, Rik, Watson, Andrew J., Willis, David, Wiltshire, Andrew J., Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Chao, Yue, Xu, Zaehle, Sönke, Zeng, Jiye, Integr. Assessm. Global Environm. Change, Environmental Sciences, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Jones, Matthew W., O'Sullivan, Michael, Andrew, Robbie M., Bakker, Dorothee C.E., Hauck, Judith, Le Quéré, Corinne, Peters, Glen P., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Sitch, Stephen, Canadell, Josep G., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Rob B., Alin, Simone R., Anthoni, Peter, Bates, Nicholas R., Becker, Meike, Bellouin, Nicolas, Bopp, Laurent, Chau, Thi Tuyet Trang, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Cronin, Margot, Currie, Kim I., Decharme, Bertrand, Djeutchouang, Laique M., Dou, Xinyu, Evans, Wiley, Feely, Richard A., Feng, Liang, Gasser, Thomas, Gilfillan, Dennis, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Grassi, Giacomo, Gregor, Luke, Gruber, Nicolas, Gürses, Özgür, Harris, Ian, Houghton, Richard A., Hurtt, George C., Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Jain, Atul, Jones, Steve D., Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, Goldewijk, Kees Klein, Knauer, Jürgen, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Körtzinger, Arne, Landschützer, Peter, Lauvset, Siv K., Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lienert, Sebastian, Liu, Junjie, Marland, Gregg, McGuire, Patrick C., Melton, Joe R., Munro, David R., Nabel, Julia E.M.S., Nakaoka, Shin Ichiro, Niwa, Yosuke, Ono, Tsuneo, Pierrot, Denis, Poulter, Benjamin, Rehder, Gregor, Resplandy, Laure, Robertson, Eddy, Rödenbeck, Christian, Rosan, Thais M., Schwinger, Jörg, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Séférian, Roland, Sutton, Adrienne J., Sweeney, Colm, Tanhua, Toste, Tans, Pieter P., Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tubiello, Francesco, Van Der Werf, Guido R., Vuichard, Nicolas, Wada, Chisato, Wanninkhof, Rik, Watson, Andrew J., Willis, David, Wiltshire, Andrew J., Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Chao, Yue, Xu, Zaehle, Sönke, and Zeng, Jiye
Published: 2022

26. Global Carbon Budget 2022

Author: Friedlingstein, Pierre, O'Sullivan, Michael, Jones, Matthew W., Andrew, Robbie M., Gregor, Luke, Hauck, Judith, Le Quere, Corinne, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Olsen, Are, Peters, Glen P., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Sitch, Stephen, Canadell, Josep G., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B., Alin, Simone R., Alkama, Ramdane, Arneth, Almut, Arora, Vivek K., Bates, Nicholas R., Becker, Meike, Bellouin, Nicolas, Bittig, Henry C., Bopp, Laurent, Chevallier, Frederic, Chini, Louise P., Cronin, Margot, Evans, Wiley, Falk, Stefanie, Feely, Richard A., Gasser, Thomas, Gehlen, Marion, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Gloege, Lucas, Grassi, Giacomo, Gruber, Nicolas, Gurses, Ozgur, Harris, Ian, Hefner, Matthew, Houghton, Richard A., Hurtt, George C., Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jain, Atul K., Jersild, Annika, Kadono, Koji, Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, Goldewijk, Kees Klein, Knauer, Jurgen, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Landschutzer, Peter, Lefevre, Nathalie, Lindsay, Keith, Liu, Junjie, Liu, Zhu, Marland, Gregg, Mayot, Nicolas, McGrath, Matthew J., Metzl, Nicolas, Monacci, Natalie M., Munro, David R., Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, Niwa, Yosuke, O'Brien, Kevin, Ono, Tsuneo, Palmer, Paul, I, Pan, Naiqing, Pierrot, Denis, Pocock, Katie, Poulter, Benjamin, Resplandy, Laure, Robertson, Eddy, Rodenbeck, Christian, Rodriguez, Carmen, Rosan, Thais M., Schwinger, Jorg, Seferian, Roland, Shutler, Jamie D., Skjelvan, Ingunn, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sun, Qing, Sutton, Adrienne J., Sweeney, Colm, Takao, Shintaro, Tanhua, Toste, Tans, Pieter P., Tian, Xiangjun, Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Tubiello, Francesco, van der Werf, Guido R., Walker, Anthony P., Wanninkhof, Rik, Whitehead, Chris, Willstrand Wranne, Anna, Wright, Rebecca, Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Chao, Yue, Xu, Zaehle, Sonke, Zeng, Jiye, Zheng, Bo, Friedlingstein, Pierre, O'Sullivan, Michael, Jones, Matthew W., Andrew, Robbie M., Gregor, Luke, Hauck, Judith, Le Quere, Corinne, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Olsen, Are, Peters, Glen P., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Sitch, Stephen, Canadell, Josep G., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B., Alin, Simone R., Alkama, Ramdane, Arneth, Almut, Arora, Vivek K., Bates, Nicholas R., Becker, Meike, Bellouin, Nicolas, Bittig, Henry C., Bopp, Laurent, Chevallier, Frederic, Chini, Louise P., Cronin, Margot, Evans, Wiley, Falk, Stefanie, Feely, Richard A., Gasser, Thomas, Gehlen, Marion, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Gloege, Lucas, Grassi, Giacomo, Gruber, Nicolas, Gurses, Ozgur, Harris, Ian, Hefner, Matthew, Houghton, Richard A., Hurtt, George C., Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jain, Atul K., Jersild, Annika, Kadono, Koji, Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, Goldewijk, Kees Klein, Knauer, Jurgen, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Landschutzer, Peter, Lefevre, Nathalie, Lindsay, Keith, Liu, Junjie, Liu, Zhu, Marland, Gregg, Mayot, Nicolas, McGrath, Matthew J., Metzl, Nicolas, Monacci, Natalie M., Munro, David R., Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, Niwa, Yosuke, O'Brien, Kevin, Ono, Tsuneo, Palmer, Paul, I, Pan, Naiqing, Pierrot, Denis, Pocock, Katie, Poulter, Benjamin, Resplandy, Laure, Robertson, Eddy, Rodenbeck, Christian, Rodriguez, Carmen, Rosan, Thais M., Schwinger, Jorg, Seferian, Roland, Shutler, Jamie D., Skjelvan, Ingunn, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sun, Qing, Sutton, Adrienne J., Sweeney, Colm, Takao, Shintaro, Tanhua, Toste, Tans, Pieter P., Tian, Xiangjun, Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Tubiello, Francesco, van der Werf, Guido R., Walker, Anthony P., Wanninkhof, Rik, Whitehead, Chris, Willstrand Wranne, Anna, Wright, Rebecca, Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Chao, Yue, Xu, Zaehle, Sonke, Zeng, Jiye, and Zheng, Bo
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

27. Global Carbon Budget 2022

Author: Friedlingstein, Pierre, O'Sullivan, Michael, Jones, Matthew W., Andrew, Robbie M., Gregor, Luke, Hauck, Judith, Le Quere, Corinne, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Olsen, Are, Peters, Glen P., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Sitch, Stephen, Canadell, Josep G., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B., Alin, Simone R., Alkama, Ramdane, Arneth, Almut, Arora, Vivek K., Bates, Nicholas R., Becker, Meike, Bellouin, Nicolas, Bittig, Henry C., Bopp, Laurent, Chevallier, Frederic, Chini, Louise P., Cronin, Margot, Evans, Wiley, Falk, Stefanie, Feely, Richard A., Gasser, Thomas, Gehlen, Marion, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Gloege, Lucas, Grassi, Giacomo, Gruber, Nicolas, Gurses, Ozgur, Harris, Ian, Hefner, Matthew, Houghton, Richard A., Hurtt, George C., Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jain, Atul K., Jersild, Annika, Kadono, Koji, Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, Goldewijk, Kees Klein, Knauer, Jurgen, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Landschutzer, Peter, Lefevre, Nathalie, Lindsay, Keith, Liu, Junjie, Liu, Zhu, Marland, Gregg, Mayot, Nicolas, McGrath, Matthew J., Metzl, Nicolas, Monacci, Natalie M., Munro, David R., Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, Niwa, Yosuke, O'Brien, Kevin, Ono, Tsuneo, Palmer, Paul, I, Pan, Naiqing, Pierrot, Denis, Pocock, Katie, Poulter, Benjamin, Resplandy, Laure, Robertson, Eddy, Rodenbeck, Christian, Rodriguez, Carmen, Rosan, Thais M., Schwinger, Jorg, Seferian, Roland, Shutler, Jamie D., Skjelvan, Ingunn, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sun, Qing, Sutton, Adrienne J., Sweeney, Colm, Takao, Shintaro, Tanhua, Toste, Tans, Pieter P., Tian, Xiangjun, Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Tubiello, Francesco, van der Werf, Guido R., Walker, Anthony P., Wanninkhof, Rik, Whitehead, Chris, Willstrand Wranne, Anna, Wright, Rebecca, Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Chao, Yue, Xu, Zaehle, Sonke, Zeng, Jiye, Zheng, Bo, Friedlingstein, Pierre, O'Sullivan, Michael, Jones, Matthew W., Andrew, Robbie M., Gregor, Luke, Hauck, Judith, Le Quere, Corinne, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Olsen, Are, Peters, Glen P., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Sitch, Stephen, Canadell, Josep G., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B., Alin, Simone R., Alkama, Ramdane, Arneth, Almut, Arora, Vivek K., Bates, Nicholas R., Becker, Meike, Bellouin, Nicolas, Bittig, Henry C., Bopp, Laurent, Chevallier, Frederic, Chini, Louise P., Cronin, Margot, Evans, Wiley, Falk, Stefanie, Feely, Richard A., Gasser, Thomas, Gehlen, Marion, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Gloege, Lucas, Grassi, Giacomo, Gruber, Nicolas, Gurses, Ozgur, Harris, Ian, Hefner, Matthew, Houghton, Richard A., Hurtt, George C., Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jain, Atul K., Jersild, Annika, Kadono, Koji, Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, Goldewijk, Kees Klein, Knauer, Jurgen, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Landschutzer, Peter, Lefevre, Nathalie, Lindsay, Keith, Liu, Junjie, Liu, Zhu, Marland, Gregg, Mayot, Nicolas, McGrath, Matthew J., Metzl, Nicolas, Monacci, Natalie M., Munro, David R., Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, Niwa, Yosuke, O'Brien, Kevin, Ono, Tsuneo, Palmer, Paul, I, Pan, Naiqing, Pierrot, Denis, Pocock, Katie, Poulter, Benjamin, Resplandy, Laure, Robertson, Eddy, Rodenbeck, Christian, Rodriguez, Carmen, Rosan, Thais M., Schwinger, Jorg, Seferian, Roland, Shutler, Jamie D., Skjelvan, Ingunn, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sun, Qing, Sutton, Adrienne J., Sweeney, Colm, Takao, Shintaro, Tanhua, Toste, Tans, Pieter P., Tian, Xiangjun, Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Tubiello, Francesco, van der Werf, Guido R., Walker, Anthony P., Wanninkhof, Rik, Whitehead, Chris, Willstrand Wranne, Anna, Wright, Rebecca, Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Chao, Yue, Xu, Zaehle, Sonke, Zeng, Jiye, and Zheng, Bo
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

28. Global Carbon Budget 2022

Author: Friedlingstein, Pierre, O'Sullivan, Michael, Jones, Matthew W., Andrew, Robbie M., Gregor, Luke, Hauck, Judith, Le Quéré, Corinne, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Olsen, Are, Peters, Glen P., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Sitch, Stephen, Canadell, Josep G., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B., Alin, Simone R., Alkama, Ramdane, Arneth, Almut, Arora, Vivek K., Bates, Nicholas R., Becker, Meike, Bellouin, Nicolas, Bittig, Henry C., Bopp, Laurent, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Cronin, Margot, Evans, Wiley, Falk, Stefanie, Feely, Richard A., Gasser, Thomas, Gehlen, Marion, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Gloege, Lucas, Grassi, Giacomo, Gruber, Nicolas, Gürses, Özgür, Harris, Ian, Hefner, Matthew, Houghton, Richard A., Hurtt, George C., Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jain, Atul K., Jersild, Annika, Kadono, Koji, Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Knauer, Jürgen, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Landschützer, Peter, Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lindsay, Keith, Liu, Junjie, Liu, Zhu, Marland, Gregg, Mayot, Nicolas, McGrath, Matthew J., Metzl, Nicolas, Monacci, Natalie M., Munro, David R., Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, Niwa, Yosuke, O'Brien, Kevin, Ono, Tsuneo, Palmer, Paul I., Pan, Naiqing, Pierrot, Denis, Pocock, Katie, Poulter, Benjamin, Resplandy, Laure, Robertson, Eddy, Rödenbeck, Christian, Rodriguez, Carmen, Rosan, Thais M., Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Shutler, Jamie D., Skjelvan, Ingunn, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sun, Qing, Sutton, Adrienne J., Sweeney, Colm, Takao, Shintaro, Tanhua, Toste, Tans, Pieter P., Tian, Xiangjun, Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Tubiello, Francesco, van der Werf, Guido R., Walker, Anthony P., Wanninkhof, Rik, Whitehead, Chris, Willstrand Wranne, Anna, Wright, Rebecca, Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Chao, Yue, Xu, Zaehle, Sönke, Zeng, Jiye, Zheng, Bo, Friedlingstein, Pierre, O'Sullivan, Michael, Jones, Matthew W., Andrew, Robbie M., Gregor, Luke, Hauck, Judith, Le Quéré, Corinne, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Olsen, Are, Peters, Glen P., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Sitch, Stephen, Canadell, Josep G., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B., Alin, Simone R., Alkama, Ramdane, Arneth, Almut, Arora, Vivek K., Bates, Nicholas R., Becker, Meike, Bellouin, Nicolas, Bittig, Henry C., Bopp, Laurent, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Cronin, Margot, Evans, Wiley, Falk, Stefanie, Feely, Richard A., Gasser, Thomas, Gehlen, Marion, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Gloege, Lucas, Grassi, Giacomo, Gruber, Nicolas, Gürses, Özgür, Harris, Ian, Hefner, Matthew, Houghton, Richard A., Hurtt, George C., Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jain, Atul K., Jersild, Annika, Kadono, Koji, Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Knauer, Jürgen, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Landschützer, Peter, Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lindsay, Keith, Liu, Junjie, Liu, Zhu, Marland, Gregg, Mayot, Nicolas, McGrath, Matthew J., Metzl, Nicolas, Monacci, Natalie M., Munro, David R., Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, Niwa, Yosuke, O'Brien, Kevin, Ono, Tsuneo, Palmer, Paul I., Pan, Naiqing, Pierrot, Denis, Pocock, Katie, Poulter, Benjamin, Resplandy, Laure, Robertson, Eddy, Rödenbeck, Christian, Rodriguez, Carmen, Rosan, Thais M., Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Shutler, Jamie D., Skjelvan, Ingunn, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sun, Qing, Sutton, Adrienne J., Sweeney, Colm, Takao, Shintaro, Tanhua, Toste, Tans, Pieter P., Tian, Xiangjun, Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Tubiello, Francesco, van der Werf, Guido R., Walker, Anthony P., Wanninkhof, Rik, Whitehead, Chris, Willstrand Wranne, Anna, Wright, Rebecca, Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Chao, Yue, Xu, Zaehle, Sönke, Zeng, Jiye, and Zheng, Bo
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

29. Effects of Increased Drought in Amazon Forests Under Climate Change: Separating the Roles of Canopy Responses and Soil Moisture

Author: Wey, Hao-Wei, Pongratz, Julia, Nabel, Julia E. M. S., Naudts, Kim, Wey, Hao-Wei, Pongratz, Julia, Nabel, Julia E. M. S., and Naudts, Kim
Abstract: The Amazon forests are one of the largest ecosystem carbon pools on Earth. Although more frequent and prolonged future droughts have been predicted, the impacts have remained largely uncertain, as most land surface models (LSMs) fail to capture the vegetation drought responses. In this study, the ability of the LSM JSBACH to simulate the drought responses of leaf area index (LAI) and leaf litter production in the Amazon forests is evaluated against artificial drought experiments. Based on the evaluation, improvements are implemented, including a dependency of leaf growth on leaf carbon allocation and a better representation of drought-dependent leaf shedding. The modified JSBACH is shown to capture the drought responses at two sites and across different regions of the basin. It is then coupled with an atmospheric model to simulate the carbon and biogeophysical feedbacks of drought under future climate. We separate the drought impacts into (a) the direct effect, resulting from drier soil and stomatal closure, which does not involve a change in canopy structure, and (b) the LAI effect, resulting from leaf shedding and involving canopy response. We show that the latter accounts for 35% of reduced land carbon uptake (9 ± 10 vs. 26 ± 7 g/m2/yr; mean ± 1 sd) and 12% of surface warming (0.09 ± 0.03 vs. 0.7 ± 0.07 K) during the late 21st century. A north-south dipole of precipitation change is found, which is largely attributable to the direct effect. The results highlight the importance of incorporating drought deciduousness of tropical rainforests in LSMs to better simulate land-atmosphere interactions in the future.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

30. Global Carbon Budget 2022

Author: Friedlingstein, Pierre, O'Sullivan, Michael, Jones, Matthew W., Andrew, Robbie M., Gregor, Luke, Hauck, Judith, Le Quere, Corinne, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Olsen, Are, Peters, Glen P., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Sitch, Stephen, Canadell, Josep G., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B., Alin, Simone R., Alkama, Ramdane, Arneth, Almut, Arora, Vivek K., Bates, Nicholas R., Becker, Meike, Bellouin, Nicolas, Bittig, Henry C., Bopp, Laurent, Chevallier, Frederic, Chini, Louise P., Cronin, Margot, Evans, Wiley, Falk, Stefanie, Feely, Richard A., Gasser, Thomas, Gehlen, Marion, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Gloege, Lucas, Grassi, Giacomo, Gruber, Nicolas, Gurses, Ozgur, Harris, Ian, Hefner, Matthew, Houghton, Richard A., Hurtt, George C., Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jain, Atul K., Jersild, Annika, Kadono, Koji, Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, Goldewijk, Kees Klein, Knauer, Jurgen, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Landschutzer, Peter, Lefevre, Nathalie, Lindsay, Keith, Liu, Junjie, Liu, Zhu, Marland, Gregg, Mayot, Nicolas, Mcgrath, Matthew J., Metzl, Nicolas, Monacci, Natalie M., Munro, David R., Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Niwa, Yosuke, O'Brien, Kevin, Ono, Tsuneo, Palmer, Paul, I, Pan, Naiqing, Pierrot, Denis, Pocock, Katie, Poulter, Benjamin, Resplandy, Laure, Robertson, Eddy, Rodenbeck, Christian, Rodriguez, Carmen, Rosan, Thais M., Schwinger, Jorg, Seferian, Roland, Shutler, Jamie D., Skjelvan, Ingunn, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sun, Qing, Sutton, Adrienne J., Sweeney, Colm, Takao, Shintaro, Tanhua, Toste, Tans, Pieter P., Tian, Xiangjun, Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Tubiello, Francesco, Van Der Werf, Guido R., Walker, Anthony P., Wanninkhof, Rik, Whitehead, Chris, Wranne, Anna Willstrand, Wright, Rebecca, Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Chao, Yue, Xu, Zaehle, Sonke, Zeng, Jiye, Zheng, Bo, Friedlingstein, Pierre, O'Sullivan, Michael, Jones, Matthew W., Andrew, Robbie M., Gregor, Luke, Hauck, Judith, Le Quere, Corinne, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Olsen, Are, Peters, Glen P., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Sitch, Stephen, Canadell, Josep G., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B., Alin, Simone R., Alkama, Ramdane, Arneth, Almut, Arora, Vivek K., Bates, Nicholas R., Becker, Meike, Bellouin, Nicolas, Bittig, Henry C., Bopp, Laurent, Chevallier, Frederic, Chini, Louise P., Cronin, Margot, Evans, Wiley, Falk, Stefanie, Feely, Richard A., Gasser, Thomas, Gehlen, Marion, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Gloege, Lucas, Grassi, Giacomo, Gruber, Nicolas, Gurses, Ozgur, Harris, Ian, Hefner, Matthew, Houghton, Richard A., Hurtt, George C., Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jain, Atul K., Jersild, Annika, Kadono, Koji, Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, Goldewijk, Kees Klein, Knauer, Jurgen, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Landschutzer, Peter, Lefevre, Nathalie, Lindsay, Keith, Liu, Junjie, Liu, Zhu, Marland, Gregg, Mayot, Nicolas, Mcgrath, Matthew J., Metzl, Nicolas, Monacci, Natalie M., Munro, David R., Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Niwa, Yosuke, O'Brien, Kevin, Ono, Tsuneo, Palmer, Paul, I, Pan, Naiqing, Pierrot, Denis, Pocock, Katie, Poulter, Benjamin, Resplandy, Laure, Robertson, Eddy, Rodenbeck, Christian, Rodriguez, Carmen, Rosan, Thais M., Schwinger, Jorg, Seferian, Roland, Shutler, Jamie D., Skjelvan, Ingunn, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sun, Qing, Sutton, Adrienne J., Sweeney, Colm, Takao, Shintaro, Tanhua, Toste, Tans, Pieter P., Tian, Xiangjun, Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Tubiello, Francesco, Van Der Werf, Guido R., Walker, Anthony P., Wanninkhof, Rik, Whitehead, Chris, Wranne, Anna Willstrand, Wright, Rebecca, Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Chao, Yue, Xu, Zaehle, Sonke, Zeng, Jiye, and Zheng, Bo
Abstract: Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate is critical to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe and synthesize data sets and methodologies to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties. Fossil CO2 emissions (E-FOS) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, while emissions from land-use change (E-LUC), mainly deforestation, are based on land use and land-use change data and bookkeeping models. Atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly, and its growth rate (G(ATM)) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The ocean CO2 sink (S-OCEAN) is estimated with global ocean biogeochemistry models and observation-based data products. The terrestrial CO2 sink (S-LAND) is estimated with dynamic global vegetation models. The resulting carbon budget imbalance (B-IM), the difference between the estimated total emissions and the estimated changes in the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere, is a measure of imperfect data and understanding of the contemporary carbon cycle. All uncertainties are reported as +/- 1 sigma. For the year 2021, EFOS increased by 5.1% relative to 2020, with fossil emissions at 10.1 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1) (9.9 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1) when the cement carbonation sink is included), and ELUC was 1.1 +/- 0.7 GtC yr(-1),for a total anthropogenic CO2 emission (including the cement carbonation sink) of 10.9 +/- 0.8 GtC yr 1 (40.0 +/- 2.9 GtCO(2)). Also, for 2021, G(ATM) was 5.2 +/- 0.2 GtC yr(-1) (2.5 +/- 0.1 ppm yr(-1)), S-OCEAN was 2.9 +/- 0.4 GtC yr(-1), and SLAND was 3.5 +/- 0.9 GtC yr(-1), with a B-IM of 0.6 GtC yr(-1) (i.e. the total estimated sources were too low or sinks were too high). The global atmospheric CO2 concentration averaged over 2021 reached 4
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

31. Global Carbon Budget 2021

Author: Friedlingstein, Pierre, Jones, Matthew W., O'Sullivan, Michael, Andrew, Robbie M., Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Hauck, Judith, Le Quéré, Corinne, Peters, Glen P., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Sitch, Stephen, Canadell, Josep G., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Rob B., Alin, Simone R., Anthoni, Peter, Bates, Nicholas R., Becker, Meike, Bellouin, Nicolas, Bopp, Laurent, Chau, Thi Tuyet Trang, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Cronin, Margot, Currie, Kim I., Decharme, Bertrand, Djeutchouang, Laique M., Dou, Xinyu, Evans, Wiley, Feely, Richard A., Feng, Liang, Gasser, Thomas, Gilfillan, Dennis, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Grassi, Giacomo, Gregor, Luke, Gruber, Nicolas, Gürses, Özgür, Harris, Ian, Houghton, Richard A., Hurtt, George C., Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Jain, Atul, Jones, Steve D., Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Knauer, Jürgen, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Körtzinger, Arne, Landschützer, Peter, Lauvset, Siv K., Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lienert, Sebastian, Liu, Junjie, Marland, Gregg, McGuire, Patrick C., Melton, Joe R., Munro, David R., Nabel, Julia E. M. S., Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, Niwa, Yosuke, Ono, Tsuneo, Pierrot, Denis, Poulter, Benjamin, Rehder, Gregor, Resplandy, Laure, Robertson, Eddy, Rödenbeck, Christian, Rosan, Thais M., Schwinger, Jörg, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Séférian, Roland, Sutton, Adrienne J., Sweeney, Colm, Tanhua, Toste, Tans, Pieter P., Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tubiello, Francesco, van der Werf, Guido R., Vuichard, Nicolas, Wada, Chisato, Wanninkhof, Rik, Watson, Andrew J., Willis, David, Wiltshire, Andrew J., Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Chao, Yue, Xu, Zaehle, Sönke, Zeng, Jiye, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Jones, Matthew W., O'Sullivan, Michael, Andrew, Robbie M., Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Hauck, Judith, Le Quéré, Corinne, Peters, Glen P., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Sitch, Stephen, Canadell, Josep G., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Rob B., Alin, Simone R., Anthoni, Peter, Bates, Nicholas R., Becker, Meike, Bellouin, Nicolas, Bopp, Laurent, Chau, Thi Tuyet Trang, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Cronin, Margot, Currie, Kim I., Decharme, Bertrand, Djeutchouang, Laique M., Dou, Xinyu, Evans, Wiley, Feely, Richard A., Feng, Liang, Gasser, Thomas, Gilfillan, Dennis, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Grassi, Giacomo, Gregor, Luke, Gruber, Nicolas, Gürses, Özgür, Harris, Ian, Houghton, Richard A., Hurtt, George C., Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Jain, Atul, Jones, Steve D., Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Knauer, Jürgen, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Körtzinger, Arne, Landschützer, Peter, Lauvset, Siv K., Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lienert, Sebastian, Liu, Junjie, Marland, Gregg, McGuire, Patrick C., Melton, Joe R., Munro, David R., Nabel, Julia E. M. S., Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, Niwa, Yosuke, Ono, Tsuneo, Pierrot, Denis, Poulter, Benjamin, Rehder, Gregor, Resplandy, Laure, Robertson, Eddy, Rödenbeck, Christian, Rosan, Thais M., Schwinger, Jörg, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Séférian, Roland, Sutton, Adrienne J., Sweeney, Colm, Tanhua, Toste, Tans, Pieter P., Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tubiello, Francesco, van der Werf, Guido R., Vuichard, Nicolas, Wada, Chisato, Wanninkhof, Rik, Watson, Andrew J., Willis, David, Wiltshire, Andrew J., Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Chao, Yue, Xu, Zaehle, Sönke, and Zeng, Jiye
Published: 2022

32. Using the atmospheric CO2 growth rate to constrain the CO2 flux from land use and land cover change since 1900.

Author: Dohner, Julia L, Dohner, Julia L, Birner, Benjamin, Schwartzman, Armin, Pongratz, Julia, Keeling, Ralph F, Dohner, Julia L, Dohner, Julia L, Birner, Benjamin, Schwartzman, Armin, Pongratz, Julia, and Keeling, Ralph F
Abstract: We explore the ability of the atmospheric CO2 record since 1900 to constrain the source of CO2 from land use and land cover change (hereafter "land use"), taking account of uncertainties in other terms in the global carbon budget. We find that the atmospheric constraint favors land use CO2 flux estimates with lower decadal variability and can identify potentially erroneous features, such as emission peaks around 1960 and after 2000, in some published estimates. Furthermore, we resolve an offset in the global carbon budget that is most plausibly attributed to the land use flux. This correction shifts the mean land use flux since 1900 across 20 published estimates down by 0.35 PgC year-1 to 1.04 ± 0.57 PgC year-1 , which is within the range but at the low end of these estimates. We show that the atmospheric CO2 record can provide insights into the time history of the land use flux that may reduce uncertainty in this term and improve current understanding and projections of the global carbon cycle.
Published: 2022

33. Corrigendum: A review of trends and drivers of greenhouse gas emissions by sector from 1990 to 2018 (2021 Environ. Res. Lett. 16 073005)

Author: Lamb, William F, Lamb, William F, Wiedmann, Thomas, Pongratz, Julia, Andrew, Robbie, Crippa, Monica, Olivier, Jos GJ, Wiedenhofer, Dominik, Mattioli, Giulio, Khourdajie, Alaa Al, House, Jo, Pachauri, Shonali, Figueroa, Maria, Saheb, Yamina, Slade, Raphael, Hubacek, Klaus, Sun, Laixiang, Ribeiro, Suzana Kahn, Khennas, Smail, du Can, Stephane de la Rue, Chapungu, Lazarus, Davis, Steven J, Bashmakov, Igor, Dai, Hancheng, Dhakal, Shobhakar, Tan, Xianchun, Geng, Yong, Gu, Baihe, Minx, Jan, Lamb, William F, Lamb, William F, Wiedmann, Thomas, Pongratz, Julia, Andrew, Robbie, Crippa, Monica, Olivier, Jos GJ, Wiedenhofer, Dominik, Mattioli, Giulio, Khourdajie, Alaa Al, House, Jo, Pachauri, Shonali, Figueroa, Maria, Saheb, Yamina, Slade, Raphael, Hubacek, Klaus, Sun, Laixiang, Ribeiro, Suzana Kahn, Khennas, Smail, du Can, Stephane de la Rue, Chapungu, Lazarus, Davis, Steven J, Bashmakov, Igor, Dai, Hancheng, Dhakal, Shobhakar, Tan, Xianchun, Geng, Yong, Gu, Baihe, and Minx, Jan
Abstract: This corrigendum resolves an error in figure 17 and clarifies the scope of the cement sector in figure 2. Figure 17 in the original published manuscript depicts a Kaya identity for the agriculture, forestry and other land uses (AFOLU) sector. We unintentionally excluded land-use CO2 emissions from total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in this identity, and depicted only agricultural GHG emissions.
Published: 2022

34. Global Carbon Budget 2022

Author: Friedlingstein, Pierre, O'Sullivan, Michael, Jones, Matthew W., Andrew, Robbie M., Gregor, Luke, Hauck, Judith, Le Quéré, Corinne, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Olsen, Are, Peters, Glen P., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Sitch, Stephen, Canadell, Josep G., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B., Alin, Simone R., Alkama, Ramdane, Arneth, Almut, Arora, Vivek K., Bates, Nicholas R., Becker, Meike, Bellouin, Nicolas, Bittig, Henry C., Bopp, Laurent, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Cronin, Margot, Evans, Wiley, Falk, Stefanie, Feely, Richard A., Gasser, Thomas, Gehlen, Marion, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Gloege, Lucas, Grassi, Giacomo, Gruber, Nicolas, Gürses, Özgür, Harris, Ian, Hefner, Matthew, Houghton, Richard A., Hurtt, George C., Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jain, Atul K., Jersild, Annika, Kadono, Koji, Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Knauer, Jürgen, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Landschützer, Peter, Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lindsay, Keith, Liu, Junjie, Liu, Zhu, Marland, Gregg, Mayot, Nicolas, McGrath, Matthew J., Metzl, Nicolas, Monacci, Natalie M., Munro, David R., Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, Niwa, Yosuke, O'Brien, Kevin, Ono, Tsuneo, Palmer, Paul I., Pan, Naiqing, Pierrot, Denis, Pocock, Katie, Poulter, Benjamin, Resplandy, Laure, Robertson, Eddy, Rödenbeck, Christian, Rodriguez, Carmen, Rosan, Thais M., Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Shutler, Jamie D., Skjelvan, Ingunn, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sun, Qing, Sutton, Adrienne J., Sweeney, Colm, Takao, Shintaro, Tanhua, Toste, Tans, Pieter P., Tian, Xiangjun, Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Tubiello, Francesco, van der Werf, Guido R., Walker, Anthony P., Wanninkhof, Rik, Whitehead, Chris, Willstrand Wranne, Anna, Wright, Rebecca, Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Chao, Yue, Xu, Zaehle, Sönke, Zeng, Jiye, Zheng, Bo, Friedlingstein, Pierre, O'Sullivan, Michael, Jones, Matthew W., Andrew, Robbie M., Gregor, Luke, Hauck, Judith, Le Quéré, Corinne, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Olsen, Are, Peters, Glen P., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Sitch, Stephen, Canadell, Josep G., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B., Alin, Simone R., Alkama, Ramdane, Arneth, Almut, Arora, Vivek K., Bates, Nicholas R., Becker, Meike, Bellouin, Nicolas, Bittig, Henry C., Bopp, Laurent, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Cronin, Margot, Evans, Wiley, Falk, Stefanie, Feely, Richard A., Gasser, Thomas, Gehlen, Marion, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Gloege, Lucas, Grassi, Giacomo, Gruber, Nicolas, Gürses, Özgür, Harris, Ian, Hefner, Matthew, Houghton, Richard A., Hurtt, George C., Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jain, Atul K., Jersild, Annika, Kadono, Koji, Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Knauer, Jürgen, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Landschützer, Peter, Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lindsay, Keith, Liu, Junjie, Liu, Zhu, Marland, Gregg, Mayot, Nicolas, McGrath, Matthew J., Metzl, Nicolas, Monacci, Natalie M., Munro, David R., Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, Niwa, Yosuke, O'Brien, Kevin, Ono, Tsuneo, Palmer, Paul I., Pan, Naiqing, Pierrot, Denis, Pocock, Katie, Poulter, Benjamin, Resplandy, Laure, Robertson, Eddy, Rödenbeck, Christian, Rodriguez, Carmen, Rosan, Thais M., Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Shutler, Jamie D., Skjelvan, Ingunn, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sun, Qing, Sutton, Adrienne J., Sweeney, Colm, Takao, Shintaro, Tanhua, Toste, Tans, Pieter P., Tian, Xiangjun, Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Tubiello, Francesco, van der Werf, Guido R., Walker, Anthony P., Wanninkhof, Rik, Whitehead, Chris, Willstrand Wranne, Anna, Wright, Rebecca, Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Chao, Yue, Xu, Zaehle, Sönke, Zeng, Jiye, and Zheng, Bo
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

35. Global Carbon Budget 2022

Author: Friedlingstein, Pierre, O'Sullivan, Michael, Jones, Matthew W., Andrew, Robbie M., Gregor, Luke, Hauck, Judith, Le Quere, Corinne, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Olsen, Are, Peters, Glen P., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Sitch, Stephen, Canadell, Josep G., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B., Alin, Simone R., Alkama, Ramdane, Arneth, Almut, Arora, Vivek K., Bates, Nicholas R., Becker, Meike, Bellouin, Nicolas, Bittig, Henry C., Bopp, Laurent, Chevallier, Frederic, Chini, Louise P., Cronin, Margot, Evans, Wiley, Falk, Stefanie, Feely, Richard A., Gasser, Thomas, Gehlen, Marion, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Gloege, Lucas, Grassi, Giacomo, Gruber, Nicolas, Gurses, Ozgur, Harris, Ian, Hefner, Matthew, Houghton, Richard A., Hurtt, George C., Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jain, Atul K., Jersild, Annika, Kadono, Koji, Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, Goldewijk, Kees Klein, Knauer, Jurgen, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Landschutzer, Peter, Lefevre, Nathalie, Lindsay, Keith, Liu, Junjie, Liu, Zhu, Marland, Gregg, Mayot, Nicolas, Mcgrath, Matthew J., Metzl, Nicolas, Monacci, Natalie M., Munro, David R., Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Niwa, Yosuke, O'Brien, Kevin, Ono, Tsuneo, Palmer, Paul, I, Pan, Naiqing, Pierrot, Denis, Pocock, Katie, Poulter, Benjamin, Resplandy, Laure, Robertson, Eddy, Rodenbeck, Christian, Rodriguez, Carmen, Rosan, Thais M., Schwinger, Jorg, Seferian, Roland, Shutler, Jamie D., Skjelvan, Ingunn, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sun, Qing, Sutton, Adrienne J., Sweeney, Colm, Takao, Shintaro, Tanhua, Toste, Tans, Pieter P., Tian, Xiangjun, Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Tubiello, Francesco, Van Der Werf, Guido R., Walker, Anthony P., Wanninkhof, Rik, Whitehead, Chris, Wranne, Anna Willstrand, Wright, Rebecca, Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Chao, Yue, Xu, Zaehle, Sonke, Zeng, Jiye, Zheng, Bo, Friedlingstein, Pierre, O'Sullivan, Michael, Jones, Matthew W., Andrew, Robbie M., Gregor, Luke, Hauck, Judith, Le Quere, Corinne, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Olsen, Are, Peters, Glen P., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Sitch, Stephen, Canadell, Josep G., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B., Alin, Simone R., Alkama, Ramdane, Arneth, Almut, Arora, Vivek K., Bates, Nicholas R., Becker, Meike, Bellouin, Nicolas, Bittig, Henry C., Bopp, Laurent, Chevallier, Frederic, Chini, Louise P., Cronin, Margot, Evans, Wiley, Falk, Stefanie, Feely, Richard A., Gasser, Thomas, Gehlen, Marion, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Gloege, Lucas, Grassi, Giacomo, Gruber, Nicolas, Gurses, Ozgur, Harris, Ian, Hefner, Matthew, Houghton, Richard A., Hurtt, George C., Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jain, Atul K., Jersild, Annika, Kadono, Koji, Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, Goldewijk, Kees Klein, Knauer, Jurgen, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Landschutzer, Peter, Lefevre, Nathalie, Lindsay, Keith, Liu, Junjie, Liu, Zhu, Marland, Gregg, Mayot, Nicolas, Mcgrath, Matthew J., Metzl, Nicolas, Monacci, Natalie M., Munro, David R., Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Niwa, Yosuke, O'Brien, Kevin, Ono, Tsuneo, Palmer, Paul, I, Pan, Naiqing, Pierrot, Denis, Pocock, Katie, Poulter, Benjamin, Resplandy, Laure, Robertson, Eddy, Rodenbeck, Christian, Rodriguez, Carmen, Rosan, Thais M., Schwinger, Jorg, Seferian, Roland, Shutler, Jamie D., Skjelvan, Ingunn, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sun, Qing, Sutton, Adrienne J., Sweeney, Colm, Takao, Shintaro, Tanhua, Toste, Tans, Pieter P., Tian, Xiangjun, Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Tubiello, Francesco, Van Der Werf, Guido R., Walker, Anthony P., Wanninkhof, Rik, Whitehead, Chris, Wranne, Anna Willstrand, Wright, Rebecca, Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Chao, Yue, Xu, Zaehle, Sonke, Zeng, Jiye, and Zheng, Bo
Abstract: Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate is critical to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe and synthesize data sets and methodologies to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties. Fossil CO2 emissions (E-FOS) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, while emissions from land-use change (E-LUC), mainly deforestation, are based on land use and land-use change data and bookkeeping models. Atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly, and its growth rate (G(ATM)) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The ocean CO2 sink (S-OCEAN) is estimated with global ocean biogeochemistry models and observation-based data products. The terrestrial CO2 sink (S-LAND) is estimated with dynamic global vegetation models. The resulting carbon budget imbalance (B-IM), the difference between the estimated total emissions and the estimated changes in the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere, is a measure of imperfect data and understanding of the contemporary carbon cycle. All uncertainties are reported as +/- 1 sigma. For the year 2021, EFOS increased by 5.1% relative to 2020, with fossil emissions at 10.1 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1) (9.9 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1) when the cement carbonation sink is included), and ELUC was 1.1 +/- 0.7 GtC yr(-1),for a total anthropogenic CO2 emission (including the cement carbonation sink) of 10.9 +/- 0.8 GtC yr 1 (40.0 +/- 2.9 GtCO(2)). Also, for 2021, G(ATM) was 5.2 +/- 0.2 GtC yr(-1) (2.5 +/- 0.1 ppm yr(-1)), S-OCEAN was 2.9 +/- 0.4 GtC yr(-1), and SLAND was 3.5 +/- 0.9 GtC yr(-1), with a B-IM of 0.6 GtC yr(-1) (i.e. the total estimated sources were too low or sinks were too high). The global atmospheric CO2 concentration averaged over 2021 reached 4
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

36. Data for the consolidated European synthesis of CO2 emissions and removals for EU27 and UK: 1990-2020

Author: McGrath, Matthew Joseph, Petrescu, Ana Maria Roxana, Peylin, Philippe, Andrew, Robbie M., Matthews, Bradley, Dentener, Frank, Balkovič, Juraj, Bastrikov, Vladislav, Becker, Meike, Broquet, Gregoire, Ciais, Philippe, Fortems, Audrey, Ganzenmüller, Raphael, Grassi, Giacomo, Harris, Ian, Jones, Matthew, Knauer, Juergen, Kuhnert, Matthias, Monteil, Guillaume, Munassar, Saqr, Palmer, Paul I., Peters, Glen P., Qiu, Chunjing, Schelhaas, Mart-Jan, Tarasova, Oksana, Vizzarri, Matteo, Winkler, Karina, Balsamo, Gianpaolo, Berchet, Antoine, Briggs, Peter, Brockmann, Patrick, Chevallier, Frédéric, Conchedda, Giulia, Crippa, Monica, Dellaert, Stijn, Denier van der Gon, Hugo A.C., Filipek, Sara, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Fuchs, Richard, Gauss, Michael, Gerbig, Christoph, Guizzardi, Diego, Günther, Dirk, Houghton, Richard A., Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, Lauerwald, Ronny, Lerink, Bas, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Moulas, Géraud, Muntean, Marilena, Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, Paquirissamy, Aurélie, Perugini, Lucia, Peters, Wouter, Pilli, Roberto, Pongratz, Julia, Regnier, Pierre, Scholze, Marko, Serengil, Yusuf, Smith, Pete, Solazzo, Efisio, Thompson, Rona L., Tubiello, Francesco N., Vesala, Timo, Walther, Sophia, McGrath, Matthew Joseph, Petrescu, Ana Maria Roxana, Peylin, Philippe, Andrew, Robbie M., Matthews, Bradley, Dentener, Frank, Balkovič, Juraj, Bastrikov, Vladislav, Becker, Meike, Broquet, Gregoire, Ciais, Philippe, Fortems, Audrey, Ganzenmüller, Raphael, Grassi, Giacomo, Harris, Ian, Jones, Matthew, Knauer, Juergen, Kuhnert, Matthias, Monteil, Guillaume, Munassar, Saqr, Palmer, Paul I., Peters, Glen P., Qiu, Chunjing, Schelhaas, Mart-Jan, Tarasova, Oksana, Vizzarri, Matteo, Winkler, Karina, Balsamo, Gianpaolo, Berchet, Antoine, Briggs, Peter, Brockmann, Patrick, Chevallier, Frédéric, Conchedda, Giulia, Crippa, Monica, Dellaert, Stijn, Denier van der Gon, Hugo A.C., Filipek, Sara, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Fuchs, Richard, Gauss, Michael, Gerbig, Christoph, Guizzardi, Diego, Günther, Dirk, Houghton, Richard A., Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, Lauerwald, Ronny, Lerink, Bas, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Moulas, Géraud, Muntean, Marilena, Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, Paquirissamy, Aurélie, Perugini, Lucia, Peters, Wouter, Pilli, Roberto, Pongratz, Julia, Regnier, Pierre, Scholze, Marko, Serengil, Yusuf, Smith, Pete, Solazzo, Efisio, Thompson, Rona L., Tubiello, Francesco N., Vesala, Timo, and Walther, Sophia
Abstract: The annual carbon dioxide fluxes used to create all graphs in the main text of McGrath et al, "European synthesis of CO2 emissions and removals for EU27 and UK: 1990-2020", submitted to Earth System Science Data.
Published: 2022

37. Global Carbon Budget 2021

Author: Integr. Assessm. Global Environm. Change, Environmental Sciences, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Jones, Matthew W., O'Sullivan, Michael, Andrew, Robbie M., Bakker, Dorothee C.E., Hauck, Judith, Le Quéré, Corinne, Peters, Glen P., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Sitch, Stephen, Canadell, Josep G., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Rob B., Alin, Simone R., Anthoni, Peter, Bates, Nicholas R., Becker, Meike, Bellouin, Nicolas, Bopp, Laurent, Chau, Thi Tuyet Trang, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Cronin, Margot, Currie, Kim I., Decharme, Bertrand, Djeutchouang, Laique M., Dou, Xinyu, Evans, Wiley, Feely, Richard A., Feng, Liang, Gasser, Thomas, Gilfillan, Dennis, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Grassi, Giacomo, Gregor, Luke, Gruber, Nicolas, Gürses, Özgür, Harris, Ian, Houghton, Richard A., Hurtt, George C., Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Jain, Atul, Jones, Steve D., Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, Goldewijk, Kees Klein, Knauer, Jürgen, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Körtzinger, Arne, Landschützer, Peter, Lauvset, Siv K., Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lienert, Sebastian, Liu, Junjie, Marland, Gregg, McGuire, Patrick C., Melton, Joe R., Munro, David R., Nabel, Julia E.M.S., Nakaoka, Shin Ichiro, Niwa, Yosuke, Ono, Tsuneo, Pierrot, Denis, Poulter, Benjamin, Rehder, Gregor, Resplandy, Laure, Robertson, Eddy, Rödenbeck, Christian, Rosan, Thais M., Schwinger, Jörg, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Séférian, Roland, Sutton, Adrienne J., Sweeney, Colm, Tanhua, Toste, Tans, Pieter P., Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tubiello, Francesco, Van Der Werf, Guido R., Vuichard, Nicolas, Wada, Chisato, Wanninkhof, Rik, Watson, Andrew J., Willis, David, Wiltshire, Andrew J., Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Chao, Yue, Xu, Zaehle, Sönke, Zeng, Jiye, Integr. Assessm. Global Environm. Change, Environmental Sciences, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Jones, Matthew W., O'Sullivan, Michael, Andrew, Robbie M., Bakker, Dorothee C.E., Hauck, Judith, Le Quéré, Corinne, Peters, Glen P., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Sitch, Stephen, Canadell, Josep G., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Rob B., Alin, Simone R., Anthoni, Peter, Bates, Nicholas R., Becker, Meike, Bellouin, Nicolas, Bopp, Laurent, Chau, Thi Tuyet Trang, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Cronin, Margot, Currie, Kim I., Decharme, Bertrand, Djeutchouang, Laique M., Dou, Xinyu, Evans, Wiley, Feely, Richard A., Feng, Liang, Gasser, Thomas, Gilfillan, Dennis, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Grassi, Giacomo, Gregor, Luke, Gruber, Nicolas, Gürses, Özgür, Harris, Ian, Houghton, Richard A., Hurtt, George C., Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Jain, Atul, Jones, Steve D., Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, Goldewijk, Kees Klein, Knauer, Jürgen, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Körtzinger, Arne, Landschützer, Peter, Lauvset, Siv K., Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lienert, Sebastian, Liu, Junjie, Marland, Gregg, McGuire, Patrick C., Melton, Joe R., Munro, David R., Nabel, Julia E.M.S., Nakaoka, Shin Ichiro, Niwa, Yosuke, Ono, Tsuneo, Pierrot, Denis, Poulter, Benjamin, Rehder, Gregor, Resplandy, Laure, Robertson, Eddy, Rödenbeck, Christian, Rosan, Thais M., Schwinger, Jörg, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Séférian, Roland, Sutton, Adrienne J., Sweeney, Colm, Tanhua, Toste, Tans, Pieter P., Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tubiello, Francesco, Van Der Werf, Guido R., Vuichard, Nicolas, Wada, Chisato, Wanninkhof, Rik, Watson, Andrew J., Willis, David, Wiltshire, Andrew J., Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Chao, Yue, Xu, Zaehle, Sönke, and Zeng, Jiye
Published: 2022

38. Global Carbon Budget 2022

Author: Friedlingstein, Pierre, O'Sullivan, Michael, Jones, Matthew W., Andrew, Robbie M., Gregor, Luke, Hauck, Judith, Le Quéré, Corinne, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Olsen, Are, Peters, Glen P., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Sitch, Stephen, Canadell, Josep G., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B., Alin, Simone R., Alkama, Ramdane, Arneth, Almut, Arora, Vivek K., Bates, Nicholas R., Becker, Meike, Bellouin, Nicolas, Bittig, Henry C., Bopp, Laurent, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Cronin, Margot, Evans, Wiley, Falk, Stefanie, Feely, Richard A., Gasser, Thomas, Gehlen, Marion, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Gloege, Lucas, Grassi, Giacomo, Gruber, Nicolas, Gürses, Özgür, Harris, Ian, Hefner, Matthew, Houghton, Richard A., Hurtt, George C., Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jain, Atul K., Jersild, Annika, Kadono, Koji, Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Knauer, Jürgen, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Landschützer, Peter, Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lindsay, Keith, Liu, Junjie, Liu, Zhu, Marland, Gregg, Mayot, Nicolas, McGrath, Matthew J., Metzl, Nicolas, Monacci, Natalie M., Munro, David R., Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, Niwa, Yosuke, O'Brien, Kevin, Ono, Tsuneo, Palmer, Paul I., Pan, Naiqing, Pierrot, Denis, Pocock, Katie, Poulter, Benjamin, Resplandy, Laure, Robertson, Eddy, Rödenbeck, Christian, Rodriguez, Carmen, Rosan, Thais M., Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Shutler, Jamie D., Skjelvan, Ingunn, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sun, Qing, Sutton, Adrienne J., Sweeney, Colm, Takao, Shintaro, Tanhua, Toste, Tans, Pieter P., Tian, Xiangjun, Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Tubiello, Francesco, van der Werf, Guido R., Walker, Anthony P., Wanninkhof, Rik, Whitehead, Chris, Willstrand Wranne, Anna, Wright, Rebecca, Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Chao, Yue, Xu, Zaehle, Sönke, Zeng, Jiye, Zheng, Bo, Friedlingstein, Pierre, O'Sullivan, Michael, Jones, Matthew W., Andrew, Robbie M., Gregor, Luke, Hauck, Judith, Le Quéré, Corinne, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Olsen, Are, Peters, Glen P., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Sitch, Stephen, Canadell, Josep G., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B., Alin, Simone R., Alkama, Ramdane, Arneth, Almut, Arora, Vivek K., Bates, Nicholas R., Becker, Meike, Bellouin, Nicolas, Bittig, Henry C., Bopp, Laurent, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Cronin, Margot, Evans, Wiley, Falk, Stefanie, Feely, Richard A., Gasser, Thomas, Gehlen, Marion, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Gloege, Lucas, Grassi, Giacomo, Gruber, Nicolas, Gürses, Özgür, Harris, Ian, Hefner, Matthew, Houghton, Richard A., Hurtt, George C., Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jain, Atul K., Jersild, Annika, Kadono, Koji, Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Knauer, Jürgen, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Landschützer, Peter, Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lindsay, Keith, Liu, Junjie, Liu, Zhu, Marland, Gregg, Mayot, Nicolas, McGrath, Matthew J., Metzl, Nicolas, Monacci, Natalie M., Munro, David R., Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, Niwa, Yosuke, O'Brien, Kevin, Ono, Tsuneo, Palmer, Paul I., Pan, Naiqing, Pierrot, Denis, Pocock, Katie, Poulter, Benjamin, Resplandy, Laure, Robertson, Eddy, Rödenbeck, Christian, Rodriguez, Carmen, Rosan, Thais M., Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Shutler, Jamie D., Skjelvan, Ingunn, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sun, Qing, Sutton, Adrienne J., Sweeney, Colm, Takao, Shintaro, Tanhua, Toste, Tans, Pieter P., Tian, Xiangjun, Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Tubiello, Francesco, van der Werf, Guido R., Walker, Anthony P., Wanninkhof, Rik, Whitehead, Chris, Willstrand Wranne, Anna, Wright, Rebecca, Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Chao, Yue, Xu, Zaehle, Sönke, Zeng, Jiye, and Zheng, Bo
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

39. On the use of Earth Observation to support estimates of national greenhouse gas emissions and sinks for the Global stocktake process : lessons learned from ESA-CCI RECCAP2

Author: Bastos, Ana, Ciais, Philippe, Sitch, Stephen, Aragão, Luiz E.O.C., Chevallier, Frédéric, Fawcett, Dominic, Rosan, Thais M., Saunois, Marielle, Günther, Dirk, Perugini, Lucia, Robert, Colas, Deng, Zhu, Pongratz, Julia, Ganzenmüller, Raphael, Fuchs, Richard, Winkler, Karina, Zaehle, Sönke, Albergel, Clément, Bastos, Ana, Ciais, Philippe, Sitch, Stephen, Aragão, Luiz E.O.C., Chevallier, Frédéric, Fawcett, Dominic, Rosan, Thais M., Saunois, Marielle, Günther, Dirk, Perugini, Lucia, Robert, Colas, Deng, Zhu, Pongratz, Julia, Ganzenmüller, Raphael, Fuchs, Richard, Winkler, Karina, Zaehle, Sönke, and Albergel, Clément
Abstract: The Global Stocktake (GST), implemented by the Paris Agreement, requires rapid developments in the capabilities to quantify annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals consistently from the global to the national scale and improvements to national GHG inventories. In particular, new capabilities are needed for accurate attribution of sources and sinks and their trends to natural and anthropogenic processes. On the one hand, this is still a major challenge as national GHG inventories follow globally harmonized methodologies based on the guidelines established by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, but these can be implemented differently for individual countries. Moreover, in many countries the capability to systematically produce detailed and annually updated GHG inventories is still lacking. On the other hand, spatially-explicit datasets quantifying sources and sinks of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide emissions from Earth Observations (EO) are still limited by many sources of uncertainty. While national GHG inventories follow diverse methodologies depending on the availability of activity data in the different countries, the proposed comparison with EO-based estimates can help improve our understanding of the comparability of the estimates published by the different countries. Indeed, EO networks and satellite platforms have seen a massive expansion in the past decade, now covering a wide range of essential climate variables and offering high potential to improve the quantification of global and regional GHG budgets and advance process understanding. Yet, there is no EO data that quantifies greenhouse gas fluxes directly, rather there are observations of variables or proxies that can be transformed into fluxes using models. Here, we report results and lessons from the ESA-CCI RECCAP2 project, whose goal was to engage with National Inventory Agencies to improve understanding about the methods used by each community to estimate sources and
Published: 2022

40. Effects of Increased Drought in Amazon Forests Under Climate Change: Separating the Roles of Canopy Responses and Soil Moisture

Author: Wey, Hao-Wei, Pongratz, Julia, Nabel, Julia E. M. S., Naudts, Kim, Wey, Hao-Wei, Pongratz, Julia, Nabel, Julia E. M. S., and Naudts, Kim
Abstract: The Amazon forests are one of the largest ecosystem carbon pools on Earth. Although more frequent and prolonged future droughts have been predicted, the impacts have remained largely uncertain, as most land surface models (LSMs) fail to capture the vegetation drought responses. In this study, the ability of the LSM JSBACH to simulate the drought responses of leaf area index (LAI) and leaf litter production in the Amazon forests is evaluated against artificial drought experiments. Based on the evaluation, improvements are implemented, including a dependency of leaf growth on leaf carbon allocation and a better representation of drought-dependent leaf shedding. The modified JSBACH is shown to capture the drought responses at two sites and across different regions of the basin. It is then coupled with an atmospheric model to simulate the carbon and biogeophysical feedbacks of drought under future climate. We separate the drought impacts into (a) the direct effect, resulting from drier soil and stomatal closure, which does not involve a change in canopy structure, and (b) the LAI effect, resulting from leaf shedding and involving canopy response. We show that the latter accounts for 35% of reduced land carbon uptake (9 ± 10 vs. 26 ± 7 g/m2/yr; mean ± 1 sd) and 12% of surface warming (0.09 ± 0.03 vs. 0.7 ± 0.07 K) during the late 21st century. A north-south dipole of precipitation change is found, which is largely attributable to the direct effect. The results highlight the importance of incorporating drought deciduousness of tropical rainforests in LSMs to better simulate land-atmosphere interactions in the future.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

41. Effects of Increased Drought in Amazon Forests Under Climate Change: Separating the Roles of Canopy Responses and Soil Moisture

Author: Wey, Hao-Wei, Pongratz, Julia, Nabel, Julia E. M. S., Naudts, Kim, Wey, Hao-Wei, Pongratz, Julia, Nabel, Julia E. M. S., and Naudts, Kim
Abstract: The Amazon forests are one of the largest ecosystem carbon pools on Earth. Although more frequent and prolonged future droughts have been predicted, the impacts have remained largely uncertain, as most land surface models (LSMs) fail to capture the vegetation drought responses. In this study, the ability of the LSM JSBACH to simulate the drought responses of leaf area index (LAI) and leaf litter production in the Amazon forests is evaluated against artificial drought experiments. Based on the evaluation, improvements are implemented, including a dependency of leaf growth on leaf carbon allocation and a better representation of drought-dependent leaf shedding. The modified JSBACH is shown to capture the drought responses at two sites and across different regions of the basin. It is then coupled with an atmospheric model to simulate the carbon and biogeophysical feedbacks of drought under future climate. We separate the drought impacts into (a) the direct effect, resulting from drier soil and stomatal closure, which does not involve a change in canopy structure, and (b) the LAI effect, resulting from leaf shedding and involving canopy response. We show that the latter accounts for 35% of reduced land carbon uptake (9 ± 10 vs. 26 ± 7 g/m2/yr; mean ± 1 sd) and 12% of surface warming (0.09 ± 0.03 vs. 0.7 ± 0.07 K) during the late 21st century. A north-south dipole of precipitation change is found, which is largely attributable to the direct effect. The results highlight the importance of incorporating drought deciduousness of tropical rainforests in LSMs to better simulate land-atmosphere interactions in the future.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

42. Definitions and methods to estimate regional land carbon fluxes for the second phase of the REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes Project (RECCAP-2)

Author: Ciais, Philippe, Bastos, Ana, Chevallier, Frédéric, Lauerwald, Ronny, Poulter, Ben, Canadell, Pep, Hugelius, Gustaf, Jackson, Robert B., Jain, Atul, Jones, Matthew, Kondo, Masayuki, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Patra, Prabir K., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Petrescu, A.M.R., Piao, Shilong, Qiu, Chunjing, Von Randow, Celso, Regnier, Pierre, Saunois, Marielle, Scholes, Robert, Shvidenko, Anatoly, Tian, Hanqin, Yang, Hui, Wang, Xuhui, Zheng, Bo, Ciais, Philippe, Bastos, Ana, Chevallier, Frédéric, Lauerwald, Ronny, Poulter, Ben, Canadell, Pep, Hugelius, Gustaf, Jackson, Robert B., Jain, Atul, Jones, Matthew, Kondo, Masayuki, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Patra, Prabir K., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Petrescu, A.M.R., Piao, Shilong, Qiu, Chunjing, Von Randow, Celso, Regnier, Pierre, Saunois, Marielle, Scholes, Robert, Shvidenko, Anatoly, Tian, Hanqin, Yang, Hui, Wang, Xuhui, and Zheng, Bo
Abstract: Regional land carbon budgets provide insights into the spatial distribution of the land uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide and can be used to evaluate carbon cycle models and to define baselines for land-based additional mitigation efforts. The scientific community has been involved in providing observation-based estimates of regional carbon budgets either by downscaling atmospheric CO2 observations into surface fluxes with atmospheric inversions, by using inventories of carbon stock changes in terrestrial ecosystems, by upscaling local field observations such as flux towers with gridded climate and remote sensing fields, or by integrating data-driven or process-oriented terrestrial carbon cycle models. The first coordinated attempt to collect regional carbon budgets for nine regions covering the entire globe in the RECCAP-1 project has delivered estimates for the decade 2000-2009, but these budgets were not comparable between regions due to different definitions and component fluxes being reported or omitted. The recent recognition of lateral fluxes of carbon by human activities and rivers that connect CO2 uptake in one area with its release in another also requires better definitions and protocols to reach harmonized regional budgets that can be summed up to a globe scale and compared with the atmospheric CO2 growth rate and inversion results. In this study, using the international initiative RECCAP-2 coordinated by the Global Carbon Project, which aims to be an update to regional carbon budgets over the last 2 decades based on observations for 10 regions covering the globe with a better harmonization than the precursor project, we provide recommendations for using atmospheric inversion results to match bottom-up carbon accounting and models, and we define the different component fluxes of the net land atmosphere carbon exchange that should be reported by each research group in charge of each region. Special attention is given to lateral fluxes, inland water flu
Published: 2022

43. Definitions and methods to estimate regional land carbon fluxes for the second phase of the REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes Project (RECCAP-2)

Author: Ciais, Philippe, Bastos, Ana, Chevallier, Frédéric, Lauerwald, Ronny, Poulter, Benjamin, Canadell, Pep, Hugelius, Gustaf, Jackson, Robert B., Jain, Atul, Jones, Matthew, Kondo, Masayuki, Luijkx, Ingrid I.T., Patra, Prabir P.K., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Petrescu, Ana Maria Roxana, Piao, Shilong, Qiu, Chunjing, Von Randow, Celso, Regnier, Pierre, Saunois, Marielle, Scholes, Robert, Shvidenko, Anatoly, Tian, Hanqin, Yang, Hui, Wang, Xuhui, Zheng, Bo, Ciais, Philippe, Bastos, Ana, Chevallier, Frédéric, Lauerwald, Ronny, Poulter, Benjamin, Canadell, Pep, Hugelius, Gustaf, Jackson, Robert B., Jain, Atul, Jones, Matthew, Kondo, Masayuki, Luijkx, Ingrid I.T., Patra, Prabir P.K., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Petrescu, Ana Maria Roxana, Piao, Shilong, Qiu, Chunjing, Von Randow, Celso, Regnier, Pierre, Saunois, Marielle, Scholes, Robert, Shvidenko, Anatoly, Tian, Hanqin, Yang, Hui, Wang, Xuhui, and Zheng, Bo
Abstract: Regional land carbon budgets provide insights into the spatial distribution of the land uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide and can be used to evaluate carbon cycle models and to define baselines for land-based additional mitigation efforts. The scientific community has been involved in providing observation-based estimates of regional carbon budgets either by downscaling atmospheric CO2 observations into surface fluxes with atmospheric inversions, by using inventories of carbon stock changes in terrestrial ecosystems, by upscaling local field observations such as flux towers with gridded climate and remote sensing fields, or by integrating data-driven or process-oriented terrestrial carbon cycle models. The first coordinated attempt to collect regional carbon budgets for nine regions covering the entire globe in the RECCAP-1 project has delivered estimates for the decade 2000-2009, but these budgets were not comparable between regions due to different definitions and component fluxes being reported or omitted. The recent recognition of lateral fluxes of carbon by human activities and rivers that connect CO2 uptake in one area with its release in another also requires better definitions and protocols to reach harmonized regional budgets that can be summed up to a globe scale and compared with the atmospheric CO2 growth rate and inversion results. In this study, using the international initiative RECCAP-2 coordinated by the Global Carbon Project, which aims to be an update to regional carbon budgets over the last 2 decades based on observations for 10 regions covering the globe with a better harmonization than the precursor project, we provide recommendations for using atmospheric inversion results to match bottom-up carbon accounting and models, and we define the different component fluxes of the net land atmosphere carbon exchange that should be reported by each research group in charge of each region. Special attention is given to lateral fluxes, inland water flu, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2022

44. A multi-data assessment of land use and land cover emissions from Brazil during 2000-2019

Author: Rosan, Thais M., Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Ganzenmüller, Raphael, O'Sullivan, Michael, Pongratz, Julia, Mercado, Lina M., Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Heinrich, Viola, Von Randow, Celso, Wiltshire, Andrew, Tubiello, Francesco N., Bastos, Ana, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Sitch, Stephen, Rosan, Thais M., Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Ganzenmüller, Raphael, O'Sullivan, Michael, Pongratz, Julia, Mercado, Lina M., Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Heinrich, Viola, Von Randow, Celso, Wiltshire, Andrew, Tubiello, Francesco N., Bastos, Ana, Friedlingstein, Pierre, and Sitch, Stephen
Abstract: Brazil is currently the largest contributor of land use and land cover change (LULCC) carbon dioxide net emissions worldwide, representing 17%-29% of the global total. There is, however, a lack of agreement among different methodologies on the magnitude and trends in LULCC emissions and their geographic distribution. Here we perform an evaluation of LULCC datasets for Brazil, including those used in the annual global carbon budget (GCB), and national Brazilian assessments over the period 2000-2018. Results show that the latest global HYDE 3.3 LULCC dataset, based on new FAO inventory estimates and multi-annual ESA CCI satellite-based land cover maps, can represent the observed spatial variation in LULCC over the last decades, representing an improvement on the HYDE 3.2 data previously used in GCB. However, the magnitude of LULCC assessed with HYDE 3.3 is lower than estimates based on MapBiomas. We use HYDE 3.3 and MapBiomas as input to a global bookkeeping model (bookkeeping of land use emission, BLUE) and a process-based Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (JULES-ES) to determine Brazil's LULCC emissions over the period 2000-2019. Results show mean annual LULCC emissions of 0.1-0.4 PgC yr-1, compared with 0.1-0.24 PgC yr-1 reported by the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Estimation System of land use changes and forest sector (SEEG/LULUCF) and by FAO in its latest assessment of deforestation emissions in Brazil. Both JULES-ES and BLUE now simulate a slowdown in emissions after 2004 (-0.006 and -0.004 PgC yr-2 with HYDE 3.3, -0.014 and -0.016 PgC yr-2 with MapBiomas, respectively), in agreement with the Brazilian INPE-EM, global Houghton and Nassikas book-keeping models, FAO and as reported in the 4th national greenhouse gas inventories. The inclusion of Earth observation data has improved spatial representation of LULCC in HYDE and thus model capability to simulate Brazil's LULCC emissions. This will likely contribute to reduce uncertainty in global LULCC emissions, and thu
Published: 2021

45. Ten new insights in climate science 2020- A horizon scan

Author: Pihl, Erik, Alfredsson, Eva, Bengtsson, Magnus, Bowen, Kathryn J., Cástan Broto, Vanesa, Chou, Kuei Tien, Cleugh, Helen, Ebi, Kristie, Edwards, Clea M., Fisher, Eleanor, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Godoy-Faúndez, Alex, Gupta, Mukesh, Harrington, Alexandra R., Hayes, Katie, Hayward, Bronwyn M., Hebden, Sophie R., Hickmann, Thomas, Hugelius, Gustaf, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jackson, Robert B., Keenan, Trevor F., Lambino, Ria A., Leuzinger, Sebastian, Malmaeus, Mikael, McDonald, Robert I., McMichael, Celia, Miller, Clark A., Muratori, Matteo, Nagabhatla, Nidhi, Nagendra, Harini, Passarello, Cristian, Penuelas, Josep, Pongratz, Julia, Rockström, Johan, Romero-Lankao, Patricia, Roy, Joyashree, Scaife, Adam A., Schlosser, Peter, Schuur, Edward, Scobie, Michelle, Sherwood, Steven C., Sioen, Giles B., Skovgaard, Jakob, Sobenes Obregon, Edgardo A., Sonntag, Sebastian, Spangenberg, Joachim H., Spijkers, Otto, Srivastava, Leena, Van Vuuren, Detlef P., Pihl, Erik, Alfredsson, Eva, Bengtsson, Magnus, Bowen, Kathryn J., Cástan Broto, Vanesa, Chou, Kuei Tien, Cleugh, Helen, Ebi, Kristie, Edwards, Clea M., Fisher, Eleanor, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Godoy-Faúndez, Alex, Gupta, Mukesh, Harrington, Alexandra R., Hayes, Katie, Hayward, Bronwyn M., Hebden, Sophie R., Hickmann, Thomas, Hugelius, Gustaf, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jackson, Robert B., Keenan, Trevor F., Lambino, Ria A., Leuzinger, Sebastian, Malmaeus, Mikael, McDonald, Robert I., McMichael, Celia, Miller, Clark A., Muratori, Matteo, Nagabhatla, Nidhi, Nagendra, Harini, Passarello, Cristian, Penuelas, Josep, Pongratz, Julia, Rockström, Johan, Romero-Lankao, Patricia, Roy, Joyashree, Scaife, Adam A., Schlosser, Peter, Schuur, Edward, Scobie, Michelle, Sherwood, Steven C., Sioen, Giles B., Skovgaard, Jakob, Sobenes Obregon, Edgardo A., Sonntag, Sebastian, Spangenberg, Joachim H., Spijkers, Otto, Srivastava, Leena, and Van Vuuren, Detlef P.
Abstract: Non-technical summary We summarize some of the past year's most important findings within climate change-related research. New research has improved our understanding of Earth's sensitivity to carbon dioxide, finds that permafrost thaw could release more carbon emissions than expected and that the uptake of carbon in tropical ecosystems is weakening. Adverse impacts on human society include increasing water shortages and impacts on mental health. Options for solutions emerge from rethinking economic models, rights-based litigation, strengthened governance systems and a new social contract. The disruption caused by COVID-19 could be seized as an opportunity for positive change, directing economic stimulus towards sustainable investments. Technical summary A synthesis is made of ten fields within climate science where there have been significant advances since mid-2019, through an expert elicitation process with broad disciplinary scope. Findings include: (1) a better understanding of equilibrium climate sensitivity; (2) abrupt thaw as an accelerator of carbon release from permafrost; (3) changes to global and regional land carbon sinks; (4) impacts of climate change on water crises, including equity perspectives; (5) adverse effects on mental health from climate change; (6) immediate effects on climate of the COVID-19 pandemic and requirements for recovery packages to deliver on the Paris Agreement; (7) suggested long-term changes to governance and a social contract to address climate change, learning from the current pandemic, (8) updated positive cost–benefit ratio and new perspectives on the potential for green growth in the short- and long-term perspective; (9) urban electrification as a strategy to move towards low-carbon energy systems and (10) rights-based litigation as an increasingly important method to address climate change, with recent clarifications on the legal standing and representation of future generations. Social media sum
Published: 2021

46. Integrating the evidence for a terrestrial carbon sink caused by increasing atmospheric CO2

Author: Walker, Anthony P., De Kauwe, Martin G., Bastos, Ana, Belmecheri, Soumaya, Georgiou, Katerina, Keeling, Ralph F., McMahon, Sean M., Medlyn, Belinda E., Moore, David J. P., Norby, Richard J., Zaehle, Söenke, Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina J., Battipaglia, Giovanna, Brienen, Roel J. W., Cabugao, Kristine G., Cailleret, Maxime, Campbell, Elliott, Canadell, Josep G., Ciais, Philippe, Craig, Matthew E., Ellsworth, David S., Farquhar, Graham D., Fatichi, Simone, Fisher, Joshua B., Frank, David C., Graven, Heather, Gu, Lianhong, Haverd, Vanessa, Heilman, Kelly, Heimann, Martin, Hungate, Bruce A., Iversen, Colleen M., Joos, Fortunat, Jiang, Mingkai, Keenan, Trevor F., Knauer, Jürgen, Körner, Christian, Leshyk, Victor O., Leuzinger, Sebastian, Liu, Yao, MacBean, Natasha, Malhi, Yadvinder, McVicar, Tim R., Penuelas, Josep, Pongratz, Julia, Powell, A. Shafer, Riutta, Terhi, Sabot, Manon E. B., Schleucher, Jürgen, Sitch, Stephen, Smith, William K., Sulman, Benjamin, Taylor, Benton, Terrer, César, Torn, Margaret S., Treseder, Kathleen K., Trugman, Anna T., Trumbore, Susan E., van Mantgem, Phillip J., Voelker, Steve L., Whelan, Mary E., Zuidema, Pieter A., Walker, Anthony P., De Kauwe, Martin G., Bastos, Ana, Belmecheri, Soumaya, Georgiou, Katerina, Keeling, Ralph F., McMahon, Sean M., Medlyn, Belinda E., Moore, David J. P., Norby, Richard J., Zaehle, Söenke, Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina J., Battipaglia, Giovanna, Brienen, Roel J. W., Cabugao, Kristine G., Cailleret, Maxime, Campbell, Elliott, Canadell, Josep G., Ciais, Philippe, Craig, Matthew E., Ellsworth, David S., Farquhar, Graham D., Fatichi, Simone, Fisher, Joshua B., Frank, David C., Graven, Heather, Gu, Lianhong, Haverd, Vanessa, Heilman, Kelly, Heimann, Martin, Hungate, Bruce A., Iversen, Colleen M., Joos, Fortunat, Jiang, Mingkai, Keenan, Trevor F., Knauer, Jürgen, Körner, Christian, Leshyk, Victor O., Leuzinger, Sebastian, Liu, Yao, MacBean, Natasha, Malhi, Yadvinder, McVicar, Tim R., Penuelas, Josep, Pongratz, Julia, Powell, A. Shafer, Riutta, Terhi, Sabot, Manon E. B., Schleucher, Jürgen, Sitch, Stephen, Smith, William K., Sulman, Benjamin, Taylor, Benton, Terrer, César, Torn, Margaret S., Treseder, Kathleen K., Trugman, Anna T., Trumbore, Susan E., van Mantgem, Phillip J., Voelker, Steve L., Whelan, Mary E., and Zuidema, Pieter A.
Abstract: Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) is increasing, which increases leaf‐scale photosynthesis and intrinsic water‐use efficiency. These direct responses have the potential to increase plant growth, vegetation biomass, and soil organic matter; transferring carbon from the atmosphere into terrestrial ecosystems (a carbon sink). A substantial global terrestrial carbon sink would slow the rate of [CO2] increase and thus climate change. However, ecosystem CO2 responses are complex or confounded by concurrent changes in multiple agents of global change and evidence for a [CO2]‐driven terrestrial carbon sink can appear contradictory. Here we synthesize theory and broad, multidisciplinary evidence for the effects of increasing [CO2] (iCO2) on the global terrestrial carbon sink. Evidence suggests a substantial increase in global photosynthesis since pre‐industrial times. Established theory, supported by experiments, indicates that iCO2 is likely responsible for about half of the increase. Global carbon budgeting, atmospheric data, and forest inventories indicate a historical carbon sink, and these apparent iCO2 responses are high in comparison to experiments and predictions from theory. Plant mortality and soil carbon iCO2 responses are highly uncertain. In conclusion, a range of evidence supports a positive terrestrial carbon sink in response to iCO2, albeit with uncertain magnitude and strong suggestion of a role for additional agents of global change.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

47. A multi-data assessment of land use and land cover emissions from Brazil during 2000-2019

Author: Environmental Sciences, Rosan, Thais M., Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Ganzenmüller, Raphael, O'Sullivan, Michael, Pongratz, Julia, Mercado, Lina M., Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Heinrich, Viola, Von Randow, Celso, Wiltshire, Andrew, Tubiello, Francesco N., Bastos, Ana, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Sitch, Stephen, Environmental Sciences, Rosan, Thais M., Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Ganzenmüller, Raphael, O'Sullivan, Michael, Pongratz, Julia, Mercado, Lina M., Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Heinrich, Viola, Von Randow, Celso, Wiltshire, Andrew, Tubiello, Francesco N., Bastos, Ana, Friedlingstein, Pierre, and Sitch, Stephen
Published: 2021

48. Ten new insights in climate science 2020- A horizon scan

Author: Global Sustainability Governance, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Governance, Pihl, Erik, Alfredsson, Eva, Bengtsson, Magnus, Bowen, Kathryn J., Cástan Broto, Vanesa, Chou, Kuei Tien, Cleugh, Helen, Ebi, Kristie, Edwards, Clea M., Fisher, Eleanor, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Godoy-Faúndez, Alex, Gupta, Mukesh, Harrington, Alexandra R., Hayes, Katie, Hayward, Bronwyn M., Hebden, Sophie R., Hickmann, Thomas, Hugelius, Gustaf, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jackson, Robert B., Keenan, Trevor F., Lambino, Ria A., Leuzinger, Sebastian, Malmaeus, Mikael, McDonald, Robert I., McMichael, Celia, Miller, Clark A., Muratori, Matteo, Nagabhatla, Nidhi, Nagendra, Harini, Passarello, Cristian, Penuelas, Josep, Pongratz, Julia, Rockström, Johan, Romero-Lankao, Patricia, Roy, Joyashree, Scaife, Adam A., Schlosser, Peter, Schuur, Edward, Scobie, Michelle, Sherwood, Steven C., Sioen, Giles B., Skovgaard, Jakob, Sobenes Obregon, Edgardo A., Sonntag, Sebastian, Spangenberg, Joachim H., Spijkers, Otto, Srivastava, Leena, Van Vuuren, Detlef P., Global Sustainability Governance, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Governance, Pihl, Erik, Alfredsson, Eva, Bengtsson, Magnus, Bowen, Kathryn J., Cástan Broto, Vanesa, Chou, Kuei Tien, Cleugh, Helen, Ebi, Kristie, Edwards, Clea M., Fisher, Eleanor, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Godoy-Faúndez, Alex, Gupta, Mukesh, Harrington, Alexandra R., Hayes, Katie, Hayward, Bronwyn M., Hebden, Sophie R., Hickmann, Thomas, Hugelius, Gustaf, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jackson, Robert B., Keenan, Trevor F., Lambino, Ria A., Leuzinger, Sebastian, Malmaeus, Mikael, McDonald, Robert I., McMichael, Celia, Miller, Clark A., Muratori, Matteo, Nagabhatla, Nidhi, Nagendra, Harini, Passarello, Cristian, Penuelas, Josep, Pongratz, Julia, Rockström, Johan, Romero-Lankao, Patricia, Roy, Joyashree, Scaife, Adam A., Schlosser, Peter, Schuur, Edward, Scobie, Michelle, Sherwood, Steven C., Sioen, Giles B., Skovgaard, Jakob, Sobenes Obregon, Edgardo A., Sonntag, Sebastian, Spangenberg, Joachim H., Spijkers, Otto, Srivastava, Leena, and Van Vuuren, Detlef P.
Published: 2021

49. Advances in land surface modelling

Author: Blyth, Eleanor M., Arora, Vivek K., Clark, Douglas B., Dadson, Simon J., De Kauwe, Martin G., Lawrence, David M., Melton, Joe R., Pongratz, Julia, Turton, Rachael H., Yoshimura, Kei, Yuan, Hua, Blyth, Eleanor M., Arora, Vivek K., Clark, Douglas B., Dadson, Simon J., De Kauwe, Martin G., Lawrence, David M., Melton, Joe R., Pongratz, Julia, Turton, Rachael H., Yoshimura, Kei, and Yuan, Hua
Abstract: Land surface models have an increasing scope. Initially designed to capture the feedbacks between the land and the atmosphere as part of weather and climate prediction, they are now used as a critical tool in the urgent need to inform policy about land-use and water-use management in a world that is changing physically and economically. This paper outlines the way that models have evolved through this change of purpose and what might the future hold. It highlights the importance of distinguishing between advances in the science within the modelling components, with the advances of how to represent their interaction. This latter aspect of modelling is often overlooked but will increasingly manifest as an issue as the complexity of the system, the time and space scales of the system being modelled increase. These increases are due to technology, data availability and the urgency and range of the problems being studied.
Published: 2021

50. A multi-data assessment of land use and land cover emissions from Brazil during 2000–2019

Author: Rosan, Thais M., Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Ganzenmüller, Raphael, O’Sullivan, Michael, Pongratz, Julia, Mercado, Lina M., Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Heinrich, Viola, Von Randow, Celso, Wiltshire, Andrew, Tubiello, Francesco N., Bastos, Ana, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Sitch, Stephen, Rosan, Thais M., Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Ganzenmüller, Raphael, O’Sullivan, Michael, Pongratz, Julia, Mercado, Lina M., Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Heinrich, Viola, Von Randow, Celso, Wiltshire, Andrew, Tubiello, Francesco N., Bastos, Ana, Friedlingstein, Pierre, and Sitch, Stephen
Abstract: Brazil is currently the largest contributor of land use and land cover change (LULCC) carbon dioxide net emissions worldwide, representing 17%–29% of the global total. There is, however, a lack of agreement among different methodologies on the magnitude and trends in LULCC emissions and their geographic distribution. Here we perform an evaluation of LULCC datasets for Brazil, including those used in the annual global carbon budget (GCB), and national Brazilian assessments over the period 2000–2018. Results show that the latest global HYDE 3.3 LULCC dataset, based on new FAO inventory estimates and multi-annual ESA CCI satellite-based land cover maps, can represent the observed spatial variation in LULCC over the last decades, representing an improvement on the HYDE 3.2 data previously used in GCB. However, the magnitude of LULCC assessed with HYDE 3.3 is lower than estimates based on MapBiomas. We use HYDE 3.3 and MapBiomas as input to a global bookkeeping model (bookkeeping of land use emission, BLUE) and a process-based Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (JULES-ES) to determine Brazil's LULCC emissions over the period 2000–2019. Results show mean annual LULCC emissions of 0.1–0.4 PgC yr−1, compared with 0.1–0.24 PgC yr−1 reported by the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Estimation System of land use changes and forest sector (SEEG/LULUCF) and by FAO in its latest assessment of deforestation emissions in Brazil. Both JULES-ES and BLUE now simulate a slowdown in emissions after 2004 (−0.006 and −0.004 PgC yr−2 with HYDE 3.3, −0.014 and −0.016 PgC yr−2 with MapBiomas, respectively), in agreement with the Brazilian INPE-EM, global Houghton and Nassikas book-keeping models, FAO and as reported in the 4th national greenhouse gas inventories. The inclusion of Earth observation data has improved spatial representation of LULCC in HYDE and thus model capability to simulate Brazil's LULCC emissions. This will likely contribute to reduce uncertainty in global LULCC emissions, and thus b
Published: 2021

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Publication Year Range

Publication Type

Journal

Database

Publisher

163 results on '"Pongratz, Julia"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources