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[EN] Two-wheeler engines still use carburetor as a fuelling system in many Asian countries, owing to its low cost and less maintenance. The usage of carburetor to handle the upcoming stringent emission norms gets difficult, due to the absence of a closed-loop fuel correction. An electronic fuel injector (EFI), on the other hand, with the help of an electronic control unit (ECU), can correct the fuel quantity and set the air-fuel mixture close to stoichiometric, based on the feedback obtained from the oxygen sensor placed in the exhaust pipe. In this context, an innovative injection system has been developed, that can be applied for such electronic fuel injection in two-wheelers. In this design, the pump and injector are integrated into a single unit, making the system, simple, compact and less expensive. The integrated injector uses a solenoid and spring arrangement, for pressurizing the fuel in a small chamber, and the pressurized fuel is then injected through orifices to produce spray in the intake port. Two-wheeler engines can operate in the order of 10,000 rpm and it poses a big challenge in such injector designs, and therefore the time response of the mechanical and magnetic components of the injector become critical. High-speed back-lit imaging helps in understanding the time response of such injector, by visualizing the spray, while injecting continuously over a period of time. This paper presents the results of high-speed images, obtained from the spray of this new-concept gasoline pump injector (GPI). This exercise, demonstrated that this injector can work at a frequency as high as 83 Hz and also consistently. The spray pattern was found to be very unique and different from the conventional PFI injection sprays.

[EN] Two-wheeler engines still use carburetor as a fuelling system in many Asian countries, owing to its low cost and less maintenance. The usage of carburetor to handle the upcoming stringent emission norms gets difficult, due to the absence of a closed-loop fuel correction. An electronic fuel injector (EFI), on the other hand, with the help of an electronic control unit (ECU), can correct the fuel quantity and set the air-fuel mixture close to stoichiometric, based on the feedback obtained from the oxygen sensor placed in the exhaust pipe. In this context, an innovative injection system has been developed, that can be applied for such electronic fuel injection in two-wheelers. In this design, the pump and injector are integrated into a single unit, making the system, simple, compact and less expensive. The integrated injector uses a solenoid and spring arrangement, for pressurizing the fuel in a small chamber, and the pressurized fuel is then injected through orifices to produce spray in the intake port. Two-wheeler engines can operate in the order of 10,000 rpm and it poses a big challenge in such injector designs, and therefore the time response of the mechanical and magnetic components of the injector become critical. High-speed back-lit imaging helps in understanding the time response of such injector, by visualizing the spray, while injecting continuously over a period of time. This paper presents the results of high-speed images, obtained from the spray of this new-concept gasoline pump injector (GPI). This exercise, demonstrated that this injector can work at a frequency as high as 83 Hz and also consistently. The spray pattern was found to be very unique and different from the conventional PFI injection sprays.

[EN] Two-wheeler engines still use carburetor as a fuelling system in many Asian countries, owing to its low cost and less maintenance. The usage of carburetor to handle the upcoming stringent emission norms gets difficult, due to the absence of a closed-loop fuel correction. An electronic fuel injector (EFI), on the other hand, with the help of an electronic control unit (ECU), can correct the fuel quantity and set the air-fuel mixture close to stoichiometric, based on the feedback obtained from the oxygen sensor placed in the exhaust pipe. In this context, an innovative injection system has been developed, that can be applied for such electronic fuel injection in two-wheelers. In this design, the pump and injector are integrated into a single unit, making the system, simple, compact and less expensive. The integrated injector uses a solenoid and spring arrangement, for pressurizing the fuel in a small chamber, and the pressurized fuel is then injected through orifices to produce spray in the intake port. Two-wheeler engines can operate in the order of 10,000 rpm and it poses a big challenge in such injector designs, and therefore the time response of the mechanical and magnetic components of the injector become critical. High-speed back-lit imaging helps in understanding the time response of such injector, by visualizing the spray, while injecting continuously over a period of time. This paper presents the results of high-speed images, obtained from the spray of this new-concept gasoline pump injector (GPI). This exercise, demonstrated that this injector can work at a frequency as high as 83 Hz and also consistently. The spray pattern was found to be very unique and different from the conventional PFI injection sprays.

[EN] Two-wheeler engines still use carburetor as a fuelling system in many Asian countries, owing to its low cost and less maintenance. The usage of carburetor to handle the upcoming stringent emission norms gets difficult, due to the absence of a closed-loop fuel correction. An electronic fuel injector (EFI), on the other hand, with the help of an electronic control unit (ECU), can correct the fuel quantity and set the air-fuel mixture close to stoichiometric, based on the feedback obtained from the oxygen sensor placed in the exhaust pipe. In this context, an innovative injection system has been developed, that can be applied for such electronic fuel injection in two-wheelers. In this design, the pump and injector are integrated into a single unit, making the system, simple, compact and less expensive. The integrated injector uses a solenoid and spring arrangement, for pressurizing the fuel in a small chamber, and the pressurized fuel is then injected through orifices to produce spray in the intake port. Two-wheeler engines can operate in the order of 10,000 rpm and it poses a big challenge in such injector designs, and therefore the time response of the mechanical and magnetic components of the injector become critical. High-speed back-lit imaging helps in understanding the time response of such injector, by visualizing the spray, while injecting continuously over a period of time. This paper presents the results of high-speed images, obtained from the spray of this new-concept gasoline pump injector (GPI). This exercise, demonstrated that this injector can work at a frequency as high as 83 Hz and also consistently. The spray pattern was found to be very unique and different from the conventional PFI injection sprays.

[EN] Two-wheeler engines still use carburetor as a fuelling system in many Asian countries, owing to its low cost and less maintenance. The usage of carburetor to handle the upcoming stringent emission norms gets difficult, due to the absence of a closed-loop fuel correction. An electronic fuel injector (EFI), on the other hand, with the help of an electronic control unit (ECU), can correct the fuel quantity and set the air-fuel mixture close to stoichiometric, based on the feedback obtained from the oxygen sensor placed in the exhaust pipe. In this context, an innovative injection system has been developed, that can be applied for such electronic fuel injection in two-wheelers. In this design, the pump and injector are integrated into a single unit, making the system, simple, compact and less expensive. The integrated injector uses a solenoid and spring arrangement, for pressurizing the fuel in a small chamber, and the pressurized fuel is then injected through orifices to produce spray in the intake port. Two-wheeler engines can operate in the order of 10,000 rpm and it poses a big challenge in such injector designs, and therefore the time response of the mechanical and magnetic components of the injector become critical. High-speed back-lit imaging helps in understanding the time response of such injector, by visualizing the spray, while injecting continuously over a period of time. This paper presents the results of high-speed images, obtained from the spray of this new-concept gasoline pump injector (GPI). This exercise, demonstrated that this injector can work at a frequency as high as 83 Hz and also consistently. The spray pattern was found to be very unique and different from the conventional PFI injection sprays.

Ethanol-blended gasoline fuels are penetratrating the market due to the renewable nature of ethanol and an anti-knock benefit associated with ethanol’s higher octane number. Although ethanol usage is already popular in gasoline engines using port fuel injection (PFI), little fundamental information is available regarding important spray parameters. To address this issue, PFI sprays were studied in an optical chamber simulating boosted intake conditions. Using a high-resolution CCD camera, Mie-scattered spray images were obtained and processed to determine spray-tip penetration, mean droplet diameter, and number of droplets. The ethanol to gasoline ratio was varied to investigate effect of ethanol blending on these spray parameters. Mie-scattering imaging was also performed for various intake pressures considering turbocharged or supercharged conditions. From the experiments, expected trends were observed such as increasing tip penetration and decreasing mean droplet diameter with increasing time after the start of injection. Evidence of droplet breakup and evaporation during the spray penetration was also identified from detailed analysis of mean droplet diameters and number of droplets. Unexpected trends were also observed from ethanol sprays. Despite its lower vapor pressure, higher boiling point, and higher heat of vaporization, ethanol sprays showed a lower tip penetration and smaller droplet size than gasoline. The multi-component nature of conventional gasoline was used to explain this trend: heavy molecules of gasoline breakup and evaporate at a slower rate than ethanol. It was also found that increased ambient pressure caused a shorter spray tip penetration due to higher ambient drag. By contrast, the mean droplet diameter was larger for higher ambient pressure because of decreased evaporation rate associated with increased saturation temperature. The fundamental information obtained in this study will help develop commercially viable ethanol-fuelled engines