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1. Guillain-Barré Syndrome Outbreak in Peru 2019 Associated With Campylobacter jejuni Infection

Author

Ramos, A.P. (Ana P.), Leonhard, S.E. (Sonja E.), Halstead, S.K. (Susan), Cuba, M.A. (Mireya A.), Castañeda, C.C. (Carlos C.), Dioses, J.A. (Jose A.), Tipismana, M.A. (Martin A.), Abanto, J.T. (Jesus T.), Llanos, A. (Alejandro), Gourlay, D. (Dawn), Grogl, M. (Max), Ramos, M. (Mariana), Rojas, J.D. (Jesus D.), Meza, R. (Rina), Puiu, D. (Daniela), Sherman, R.M. (Rachel M.), Salzberg, S.L. (Steven L.), Simner, P.J. (Patricia J.), Willison, H.J. (Hugh), Jacobs, B.C. (Bart), Cornblath, D.R. (David), Umeres, H.F. (Hugo F.), Pardo, C. (Carlos), Ramos, A.P. (Ana P.), Leonhard, S.E. (Sonja E.), Halstead, S.K. (Susan), Cuba, M.A. (Mireya A.), Castañeda, C.C. (Carlos C.), Dioses, J.A. (Jose A.), Tipismana, M.A. (Martin A.), Abanto, J.T. (Jesus T.), Llanos, A. (Alejandro), Gourlay, D. (Dawn), Grogl, M. (Max), Ramos, M. (Mariana), Rojas, J.D. (Jesus D.), Meza, R. (Rina), Puiu, D. (Daniela), Sherman, R.M. (Rachel M.), Salzberg, S.L. (Steven L.), Simner, P.J. (Patricia J.), Willison, H.J. (Hugh), Jacobs, B.C. (Bart), Cornblath, D.R. (David), Umeres, H.F. (Hugo F.), and Pardo, C. (Carlos)

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To identify the clinical phenotypes and infectious triggers in the 2019 Peruvian Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) outbreak. METHODS: We prospectively collected clinical and neurophysiologic data of patients with GBS admitted to a tertiary hospital in Lima, Peru, between May and August 2019. Molecular, immunologic, and microbiological methods were used to identify causative infectious agents. Sera from 41 controls were compared with cases for antibodies to Campylobacter jejuni and gangliosides. Genomic analysis was performed on 4 C jejuni isolates. RESULTS: The 49 included patients had a median age of 44 years (interquartile range [IQR] 30-54 years), and 28 (57%) were male. Thirty-two (65%) had symptoms of a preceding infection: 24 (49%) diarrhea and 13 (27%) upper respiratory tract infection. The median time between infectious to neurologic symptoms was 3 days (IQR 2-9 days). Eighty percent had a pure motor form of GBS, 21 (43%) had the axonal electrophysiologic subtype, and 18% the demyelinating subtype. Evidence of recent C jejuni infection was found in 28/43 (65%). No evidence of recent arbovirus infection was found. Twenty-three cases vs 11 controls (OR 3.3, confidence interval [CI] 95% 1.2-9.2, p < 0.01) had IgM and/or IgA antibodies against C jejuni. Anti-GM1:phosphatidylserine and/or anti-GT1a:GM1 heteromeric complex antibodies were strongly positive in cases (92.9% sensitivity and 68.3% specificity). Genomic analysis showed that the C jejuni strains were closely related and had the Asn51 polymorphism at cstII gene. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that the 2019 Peruvian GBS outbreak was associated with C jejuni infection and that the C jejuni strains linked to GBS circulate widely in different parts of the world.

Published
2021
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2. Guillain-Barré Syndrome Outbreak in Peru 2019 Associated With Campylobacter jejuni Infection

Author

Ramos, AP, Leonhard, Sonja, Halstead, SK, Cuba, MA, Castañeda, CC, Dioses, JA, Tipismana, MA, Abanto, JT, Llanos, A, Gourlay, D, Grogl, M, Ramos, M, Rojas, JD, Meza, R, Puiu, D, Sherman, RM, Salzberg, SL, Simner, PJ, Willison, HJ, Jacobs, B.C., Cornblath, DR, Umeres, HF, Pardo, CA, Ramos, AP, Leonhard, Sonja, Halstead, SK, Cuba, MA, Castañeda, CC, Dioses, JA, Tipismana, MA, Abanto, JT, Llanos, A, Gourlay, D, Grogl, M, Ramos, M, Rojas, JD, Meza, R, Puiu, D, Sherman, RM, Salzberg, SL, Simner, PJ, Willison, HJ, Jacobs, B.C., Cornblath, DR, Umeres, HF, and Pardo, CA

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To identify the clinical phenotypes and infectious triggers in the 2019 Peruvian Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) outbreak. METHODS: We prospectively collected clinical and neurophysiologic data of patients with GBS admitted to a tertiary hospital in Lima, Peru, between May and August 2019. Molecular, immunologic, and microbiological methods were used to identify causative infectious agents. Sera from 41 controls were compared with cases for antibodies to Campylobacter jejuni and gangliosides. Genomic analysis was performed on 4 C jejuni isolates. RESULTS: The 49 included patients had a median age of 44 years (interquartile range [IQR] 30-54 years), and 28 (57%) were male. Thirty-two (65%) had symptoms of a preceding infection: 24 (49%) diarrhea and 13 (27%) upper respiratory tract infection. The median time between infectious to neurologic symptoms was 3 days (IQR 2-9 days). Eighty percent had a pure motor form of GBS, 21 (43%) had the axonal electrophysiologic subtype, and 18% the demyelinating subtype. Evidence of recent C jejuni infection was found in 28/43 (65%). No evidence of recent arbovirus infection was found. Twenty-three cases vs 11 controls (OR 3.3, confidence interval [CI] 95% 1.2-9.2, p < 0.01) had IgM and/or IgA antibodies against C jejuni. Anti-GM1:phosphatidylserine and/or anti-GT1a:GM1 heteromeric complex antibodies were strongly positive in cases (92.9% sensitivity and 68.3% specificity). Genomic analysis showed that the C jejuni strains were closely related and had the Asn51 polymorphism at cstII gene. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that the 2019 Peruvian GBS outbreak was associated with C jejuni infection and that the C jejuni strains linked to GBS circulate widely in different parts of the world.

Published
2021

3. The genomes of two key bumblebee species with primitive eusocial organization.

Author

Sadd, BM, Barribeau, SM, Bloch, G, de Graaf, DC, Dearden, P, Elsik, CG, Gadau, J, Grimmelikhuijzen, CJP, Hasselmann, M, Lozier, JD, Robertson, HM, Smagghe, G, Stolle, E, Van Vaerenbergh, M, Waterhouse, RM, Bornberg-Bauer, E, Klasberg, S, Bennett, AK, Câmara, F, Guigó, R, Hoff, K, Mariotti, M, Munoz-Torres, M, Murphy, T, Santesmasses, D, Amdam, GV, Beckers, M, Beye, M, Biewer, M, Bitondi, MMG, Blaxter, ML, Bourke, AFG, Brown, MJF, Buechel, SD, Cameron, R, Cappelle, K, Carolan, JC, Christiaens, O, Ciborowski, KL, Clarke, DF, Colgan, TJ, Collins, DH, Cridge, AG, Dalmay, T, Dreier, S, du Plessis, L, Duncan, E, Erler, S, Evans, J, Falcon, T, Flores, K, Freitas, FCP, Fuchikawa, T, Gempe, T, Hartfelder, K, Hauser, F, Helbing, S, Humann, FC, Irvine, F, Jermiin, LS, Johnson, CE, Johnson, RM, Jones, AK, Kadowaki, T, Kidner, JH, Koch, V, Köhler, A, Kraus, FB, Lattorff, HMG, Leask, M, Lockett, GA, Mallon, EB, Antonio, DSM, Marxer, M, Meeus, I, Moritz, RFA, Nair, A, Näpflin, K, Nissen, I, Niu, J, Nunes, FMF, Oakeshott, JG, Osborne, A, Otte, M, Pinheiro, DG, Rossié, N, Rueppell, O, Santos, CG, Schmid-Hempel, R, Schmitt, BD, Schulte, C, Simões, ZLP, Soares, MPM, Swevers, L, Winnebeck, EC, Wolschin, F, Yu, N, Zdobnov, EM, Aqrawi, PK, Blankenburg, KP, Coyle, M, Francisco, L, Hernandez, AG, Holder, M, Hudson, ME, Jackson, L, Jayaseelan, J, Joshi, V, Kovar, C, Lee, SL, Mata, R, Mathew, T, Newsham, IF, Ngo, R, Okwuonu, G, Pham, C, Pu, L-L, Saada, N, Santibanez, J, Simmons, D, Thornton, R, Venkat, A, Walden, KKO, Wu, Y-Q, Debyser, G, Devreese, B, Asher, C, Blommaert, J, Chipman, AD, Chittka, L, Fouks, B, Liu, J, O'Neill, MP, Sumner, S, Puiu, D, Qu, J, Salzberg, SL, Scherer, SE, Muzny, DM, Richards, S, Robinson, GE, Gibbs, RA, Schmid-Hempel, P, Worley, KC, Sadd, BM, Barribeau, SM, Bloch, G, de Graaf, DC, Dearden, P, Elsik, CG, Gadau, J, Grimmelikhuijzen, CJP, Hasselmann, M, Lozier, JD, Robertson, HM, Smagghe, G, Stolle, E, Van Vaerenbergh, M, Waterhouse, RM, Bornberg-Bauer, E, Klasberg, S, Bennett, AK, Câmara, F, Guigó, R, Hoff, K, Mariotti, M, Munoz-Torres, M, Murphy, T, Santesmasses, D, Amdam, GV, Beckers, M, Beye, M, Biewer, M, Bitondi, MMG, Blaxter, ML, Bourke, AFG, Brown, MJF, Buechel, SD, Cameron, R, Cappelle, K, Carolan, JC, Christiaens, O, Ciborowski, KL, Clarke, DF, Colgan, TJ, Collins, DH, Cridge, AG, Dalmay, T, Dreier, S, du Plessis, L, Duncan, E, Erler, S, Evans, J, Falcon, T, Flores, K, Freitas, FCP, Fuchikawa, T, Gempe, T, Hartfelder, K, Hauser, F, Helbing, S, Humann, FC, Irvine, F, Jermiin, LS, Johnson, CE, Johnson, RM, Jones, AK, Kadowaki, T, Kidner, JH, Koch, V, Köhler, A, Kraus, FB, Lattorff, HMG, Leask, M, Lockett, GA, Mallon, EB, Antonio, DSM, Marxer, M, Meeus, I, Moritz, RFA, Nair, A, Näpflin, K, Nissen, I, Niu, J, Nunes, FMF, Oakeshott, JG, Osborne, A, Otte, M, Pinheiro, DG, Rossié, N, Rueppell, O, Santos, CG, Schmid-Hempel, R, Schmitt, BD, Schulte, C, Simões, ZLP, Soares, MPM, Swevers, L, Winnebeck, EC, Wolschin, F, Yu, N, Zdobnov, EM, Aqrawi, PK, Blankenburg, KP, Coyle, M, Francisco, L, Hernandez, AG, Holder, M, Hudson, ME, Jackson, L, Jayaseelan, J, Joshi, V, Kovar, C, Lee, SL, Mata, R, Mathew, T, Newsham, IF, Ngo, R, Okwuonu, G, Pham, C, Pu, L-L, Saada, N, Santibanez, J, Simmons, D, Thornton, R, Venkat, A, Walden, KKO, Wu, Y-Q, Debyser, G, Devreese, B, Asher, C, Blommaert, J, Chipman, AD, Chittka, L, Fouks, B, Liu, J, O'Neill, MP, Sumner, S, Puiu, D, Qu, J, Salzberg, SL, Scherer, SE, Muzny, DM, Richards, S, Robinson, GE, Gibbs, RA, Schmid-Hempel, P, and Worley, KC

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The shift from solitary to social behavior is one of the major evolutionary transitions. Primitively eusocial bumblebees are uniquely placed to illuminate the evolution of highly eusocial insect societies. Bumblebees are also invaluable natural and agricultural pollinators, and there is widespread concern over recent population declines in some species. High-quality genomic data will inform key aspects of bumblebee biology, including susceptibility to implicated population viability threats. RESULTS: We report the high quality draft genome sequences of Bombus terrestris and Bombus impatiens, two ecologically dominant bumblebees and widely utilized study species. Comparing these new genomes to those of the highly eusocial honeybee Apis mellifera and other Hymenoptera, we identify deeply conserved similarities, as well as novelties key to the biology of these organisms. Some honeybee genome features thought to underpin advanced eusociality are also present in bumblebees, indicating an earlier evolution in the bee lineage. Xenobiotic detoxification and immune genes are similarly depauperate in bumblebees and honeybees, and multiple categories of genes linked to social organization, including development and behavior, show high conservation. Key differences identified include a bias in bumblebee chemoreception towards gustation from olfaction, and striking differences in microRNAs, potentially responsible for gene regulation underlying social and other traits. CONCLUSIONS: These two bumblebee genomes provide a foundation for post-genomic research on these key pollinators and insect societies. Overall, gene repertoires suggest that the route to advanced eusociality in bees was mediated by many small changes in many genes and processes, and not by notable expansion or depauperation.

Published
2015

4. The genomes of two key bumblebee species with primitive eusocial organization

Author

Sadd, BM, Barribeau, SM, Bloch, G, de Graaf, DC, Dearden, P, Elsik, CG, Gadau, J, Grimmelikhuijzen, CJP, Hasselmann, M, Lozier, JD, Robertson, HM, Smagghe, G, Stolle, E, Van Vaerenbergh, M, Waterhouse, RM, Bornberg-Bauer, E, Klasberg, S, Bennett, AK, Camara, F, Guigo, R, Hoff, K, Mariotti, M, Munoz-Torres, M, Murphy, T, Santesmasses, D, Amdam, GV, Beckers, M, Beye, M, Biewer, M, Bitondi, MMG, Blaxter, ML, Bourke, AFG, Brown, MJF, Buechel, SD, Cameron, R, Cappelle, K, Carolan, JC, Christiaens, O, Ciborowski, KL, Clarke, DF, Colgan, TJ, Collins, DH, Cridge, AG, Dalmay, T, Dreier, S, du Plessis, L, Duncan, E, Erler, S, Evans, J, Falcon, T, Flores, K, Freitas, FCP, Fuchikawa, T, Gempe, T, Hartfelder, K, Hauser, F, Helbing, S, Humann, FC, Irvine, F, Jermiin, LS, Johnson, CE, Johnson, RM, Jones, A, Kadowaki, T, Kidner, JH, Koch, V, Kohler, A, Kraus, FB, Lattorff, HMG, Leask, M, Lockett, GA, Mallon, EB, Marco Antonio, DS, Marxer, M, Meeus, I, Moritz, RFA, Nair, A, Napflin, K, Nissen, I, Niu, J, Nunes, FMF, Oakeshott, JG, Osborne, A, Otte, M, Pinheiro, DG, Rossie, N, Rueppell, O, Santos, CG, Schmid-Hempel, R, Schmitt, BD, Schulte, C, Simoes, ZLP, Soares, MPM, Swevers, L, Winnebeck, EC, Wolschin, F, Yu, N, Zdobnov, EM, Aqrawi, PK, Blankenburg, KP, Coyle, M, Francisco, L, Hernandez, AG, Holder, M, Hudson, ME, Jackson, L, Jayaseelan, J, Joshi, V, Kovar, C, Lee, SL, Mata, R, Mathew, T, Newsham, IF, Ngo, R, Okwuonu, G, Pham, C, Pu, L, Saada, N, Santibanez, J, Simmons, D, Thornton, R, Venkat, A, Walden, KKO, Wu, Y, Debyser, G, Devreese, B, Asher, C, Blommaert, J, Chipman, AD, Chittka, L, Fouks, B, Liu, J, O'Neill, MP, Sumner, S, Puiu, D, Qu, J, Salzberg, SL, Scherer, SE, Muzny, DM, Richards, S, Robinson, GE, Gibbs, RA, Schmid-Hempel, P, Worley, KC, Sadd, BM, Barribeau, SM, Bloch, G, de Graaf, DC, Dearden, P, Elsik, CG, Gadau, J, Grimmelikhuijzen, CJP, Hasselmann, M, Lozier, JD, Robertson, HM, Smagghe, G, Stolle, E, Van Vaerenbergh, M, Waterhouse, RM, Bornberg-Bauer, E, Klasberg, S, Bennett, AK, Camara, F, Guigo, R, Hoff, K, Mariotti, M, Munoz-Torres, M, Murphy, T, Santesmasses, D, Amdam, GV, Beckers, M, Beye, M, Biewer, M, Bitondi, MMG, Blaxter, ML, Bourke, AFG, Brown, MJF, Buechel, SD, Cameron, R, Cappelle, K, Carolan, JC, Christiaens, O, Ciborowski, KL, Clarke, DF, Colgan, TJ, Collins, DH, Cridge, AG, Dalmay, T, Dreier, S, du Plessis, L, Duncan, E, Erler, S, Evans, J, Falcon, T, Flores, K, Freitas, FCP, Fuchikawa, T, Gempe, T, Hartfelder, K, Hauser, F, Helbing, S, Humann, FC, Irvine, F, Jermiin, LS, Johnson, CE, Johnson, RM, Jones, A, Kadowaki, T, Kidner, JH, Koch, V, Kohler, A, Kraus, FB, Lattorff, HMG, Leask, M, Lockett, GA, Mallon, EB, Marco Antonio, DS, Marxer, M, Meeus, I, Moritz, RFA, Nair, A, Napflin, K, Nissen, I, Niu, J, Nunes, FMF, Oakeshott, JG, Osborne, A, Otte, M, Pinheiro, DG, Rossie, N, Rueppell, O, Santos, CG, Schmid-Hempel, R, Schmitt, BD, Schulte, C, Simoes, ZLP, Soares, MPM, Swevers, L, Winnebeck, EC, Wolschin, F, Yu, N, Zdobnov, EM, Aqrawi, PK, Blankenburg, KP, Coyle, M, Francisco, L, Hernandez, AG, Holder, M, Hudson, ME, Jackson, L, Jayaseelan, J, Joshi, V, Kovar, C, Lee, SL, Mata, R, Mathew, T, Newsham, IF, Ngo, R, Okwuonu, G, Pham, C, Pu, L, Saada, N, Santibanez, J, Simmons, D, Thornton, R, Venkat, A, Walden, KKO, Wu, Y, Debyser, G, Devreese, B, Asher, C, Blommaert, J, Chipman, AD, Chittka, L, Fouks, B, Liu, J, O'Neill, MP, Sumner, S, Puiu, D, Qu, J, Salzberg, SL, Scherer, SE, Muzny, DM, Richards, S, Robinson, GE, Gibbs, RA, Schmid-Hempel, P, and Worley, KC

Abstract

Background The shift from solitary to social behavior is one of the major evolutionary transitions. Primitively eusocial bumblebees are uniquely placed to illuminate the evolution of highly eusocial insect societies. Bumblebees are also invaluable natural and agricultural pollinators, and there is widespread concern over recent population declines in some species. High-quality genomic data will inform key aspects of bumblebee biology, including susceptibility to implicated population viability threats. Results We report the high quality draft genome sequences of Bombus terrestris and Bombus impatiens, two ecologically dominant bumblebees and widely utilized study species. Comparing these new genomes to those of the highly eusocial honeybee Apis mellifera and other Hymenoptera, we identify deeply conserved similarities, as well as novelties key to the biology of these organisms. Some honeybee genome features thought to underpin advanced eusociality are also present in bumblebees, indicating an earlier evolution in the bee lineage. Xenobiotic detoxification and immune genes are similarly depauperate in bumblebees and honeybees, and multiple categories of genes linked to social organization, including development and behavior, show high conservation. Key differences identified include a bias in bumblebee chemoreception towards gustation from olfaction, and striking differences in microRNAs, potentially responsible for gene regulation underlying social and other traits. Conclusions These two bumblebee genomes provide a foundation for post-genomic research on these key pollinators and insect societies. Overall, gene repertoires suggest that the route to advanced eusociality in bees was mediated by many small changes in many genes and processes, and not by notable expansion or depauperation

Published
2015

5. Genome sequence of the necrotrophic plant pathogen Pythium ultimum reveals original pathogenicity mechanisms and effector repertoire

Author

Lévesque, CA, Lévesque, CA, Brouwer, H, Cano, L, Hamilton, JP, Holt, C, Huitema, E, Raffaele, S, Robideau, GP, Thines, M, Win, J, Zerillo, MM, Beakes, GW, Boore, JL, Busam, D, Dumas, B, Ferriera, S, Fuerstenberg, SI, Gachon, CMM, Gaulin, E, Govers, F, Grenville-Briggs, L, Horner, N, Hostetler, J, Jiang, RHY, Johnson, J, Krajaejun, T, Lin, H, Meijer, HJG, Moore, B, Morris, P, Phuntmart, V, Puiu, D, Shetty, J, Stajich, JE, Tripathy, S, Wawra, S, van West, P, Whitty, BR, Coutinho, PM, Henrissat, B, Martin, F, Thomas, PD, Tyler, BM, De Vries, RP, Kamoun, S, Yandell, M, Tisserat, N, Buell, CR, Lévesque, CA, Lévesque, CA, Brouwer, H, Cano, L, Hamilton, JP, Holt, C, Huitema, E, Raffaele, S, Robideau, GP, Thines, M, Win, J, Zerillo, MM, Beakes, GW, Boore, JL, Busam, D, Dumas, B, Ferriera, S, Fuerstenberg, SI, Gachon, CMM, Gaulin, E, Govers, F, Grenville-Briggs, L, Horner, N, Hostetler, J, Jiang, RHY, Johnson, J, Krajaejun, T, Lin, H, Meijer, HJG, Moore, B, Morris, P, Phuntmart, V, Puiu, D, Shetty, J, Stajich, JE, Tripathy, S, Wawra, S, van West, P, Whitty, BR, Coutinho, PM, Henrissat, B, Martin, F, Thomas, PD, Tyler, BM, De Vries, RP, Kamoun, S, Yandell, M, Tisserat, N, and Buell, CR

Abstract

Background: Pythium ultimum is a ubiquitous oomycete plant pathogen responsible for a variety of diseases on a broad range of crop and ornamental species.Results: The P. ultimum genome (42.8 Mb) encodes 15,290 genes and has extensive sequence similarity and synteny with related Phytophthora species, including the potato blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans. Whole transcriptome sequencing revealed expression of 86% of genes, with detectable differential expression of suites of genes under abiotic stress and in the presence of a host. The predicted proteome includes a large repertoire of proteins involved in plant pathogen interactions, although, surprisingly, the P. ultimum genome does not encode any classical RXLR effectors and relatively few Crinkler genes in comparison to related phytopathogenic oomycetes. A lower number of enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism were present compared to Phytophthora species, with the notable absence of cutinases, suggesting a significant difference in virulence mechanisms between P. ultimum and more host-specific oomycete species. Although we observed a high degree of orthology with Phytophthora genomes, there were novel features of the P. ultimum proteome, including an expansion of genes involved in proteolysis and genes unique to Pythium. We identified a small gene family of cadherins, proteins involved in cell adhesion, the first report of these in a genome outside the metazoans.Conclusions: Access to the P. ultimum genome has revealed not only core pathogenic mechanisms within the oomycetes but also lineage-specific genes associated with the alternative virulence and lifestyles found within the pythiaceous lineages compared to the Peronosporaceae. © 2010 Lévesque et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Published
2010

6. Genome sequence of the necrotrophic plant pathogen, Pythium ultimum, reveals original pathogenicity mechanisms and effector repertoire

Author

Lévesque, C.A., Brouwer, H., Cano, L., Hamilton, J.P., Holt, C., Huitema, E., Raffaele, S., Robideau, G.P., Thines, M., Win, J., Zerillo, M., Beakes, G.W., Boore, J.L., Busam, D., Dumas, B., Ferriera, S., Fuerstenberg, S.I., Gachon, C.M.M., Gaulin, E., Govers, F., Grenville-Briggs, L., Horner, N., Hostetler, J., Jiang, R.H.Y., Johnson, J., Krajaejun, T., Lin, H., Meijer, H.J.G., Moore, B., Morris, P., Phuntmart, V., Puiu, D., Stajich, J.E., Tripathy, S., Wawra, S., van West, P., Whitty, B.R., Coutinho, P.M., Henrissat, B., Martin, F., Thomas, P.D., Tyler, B.M., De Vries, R.P., Kamoun, S., Yandell, M., Tisserat, N., Buell, C.R., Lévesque, C.A., Brouwer, H., Cano, L., Hamilton, J.P., Holt, C., Huitema, E., Raffaele, S., Robideau, G.P., Thines, M., Win, J., Zerillo, M., Beakes, G.W., Boore, J.L., Busam, D., Dumas, B., Ferriera, S., Fuerstenberg, S.I., Gachon, C.M.M., Gaulin, E., Govers, F., Grenville-Briggs, L., Horner, N., Hostetler, J., Jiang, R.H.Y., Johnson, J., Krajaejun, T., Lin, H., Meijer, H.J.G., Moore, B., Morris, P., Phuntmart, V., Puiu, D., Stajich, J.E., Tripathy, S., Wawra, S., van West, P., Whitty, B.R., Coutinho, P.M., Henrissat, B., Martin, F., Thomas, P.D., Tyler, B.M., De Vries, R.P., Kamoun, S., Yandell, M., Tisserat, N., and Buell, C.R.

Published
2010

7. Genome sequence of the necrotrophic plant pathogen Pythium ultimum reveals original pathogenicity mechanisms and effector repertoire

Author

Lévesque, CA, Lévesque, CA, Brouwer, H, Cano, L, Hamilton, JP, Holt, C, Huitema, E, Raffaele, S, Robideau, GP, Thines, M, Win, J, Zerillo, MM, Beakes, GW, Boore, JL, Busam, D, Dumas, B, Ferriera, S, Fuerstenberg, SI, Gachon, CMM, Gaulin, E, Govers, F, Grenville-Briggs, L, Horner, N, Hostetler, J, Jiang, RHY, Johnson, J, Krajaejun, T, Lin, H, Meijer, HJG, Moore, B, Morris, P, Phuntmart, V, Puiu, D, Shetty, J, Stajich, JE, Tripathy, S, Wawra, S, van West, P, Whitty, BR, Coutinho, PM, Henrissat, B, Martin, F, Thomas, PD, Tyler, BM, De Vries, RP, Kamoun, S, Yandell, M, Tisserat, N, Buell, CR, Lévesque, CA, Lévesque, CA, Brouwer, H, Cano, L, Hamilton, JP, Holt, C, Huitema, E, Raffaele, S, Robideau, GP, Thines, M, Win, J, Zerillo, MM, Beakes, GW, Boore, JL, Busam, D, Dumas, B, Ferriera, S, Fuerstenberg, SI, Gachon, CMM, Gaulin, E, Govers, F, Grenville-Briggs, L, Horner, N, Hostetler, J, Jiang, RHY, Johnson, J, Krajaejun, T, Lin, H, Meijer, HJG, Moore, B, Morris, P, Phuntmart, V, Puiu, D, Shetty, J, Stajich, JE, Tripathy, S, Wawra, S, van West, P, Whitty, BR, Coutinho, PM, Henrissat, B, Martin, F, Thomas, PD, Tyler, BM, De Vries, RP, Kamoun, S, Yandell, M, Tisserat, N, and Buell, CR

Abstract

Background: Pythium ultimum is a ubiquitous oomycete plant pathogen responsible for a variety of diseases on a broad range of crop and ornamental species.Results: The P. ultimum genome (42.8 Mb) encodes 15,290 genes and has extensive sequence similarity and synteny with related Phytophthora species, including the potato blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans. Whole transcriptome sequencing revealed expression of 86% of genes, with detectable differential expression of suites of genes under abiotic stress and in the presence of a host. The predicted proteome includes a large repertoire of proteins involved in plant pathogen interactions, although, surprisingly, the P. ultimum genome does not encode any classical RXLR effectors and relatively few Crinkler genes in comparison to related phytopathogenic oomycetes. A lower number of enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism were present compared to Phytophthora species, with the notable absence of cutinases, suggesting a significant difference in virulence mechanisms between P. ultimum and more host-specific oomycete species. Although we observed a high degree of orthology with Phytophthora genomes, there were novel features of the P. ultimum proteome, including an expansion of genes involved in proteolysis and genes unique to Pythium. We identified a small gene family of cadherins, proteins involved in cell adhesion, the first report of these in a genome outside the metazoans.Conclusions: Access to the P. ultimum genome has revealed not only core pathogenic mechanisms within the oomycetes but also lineage-specific genes associated with the alternative virulence and lifestyles found within the pythiaceous lineages compared to the Peronosporaceae. © 2010 Lévesque et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Published
2010

8. Genome sequence of the necrotrophic plant pathogen, Pythium ultimum, reveals original pathogenicity mechanisms and effector repertoire

Author

Lévesque, C.A., Brouwer, H., Cano, L., Hamilton, J.P., Holt, C., Huitema, E., Raffaele, S., Robideau, G.P., Thines, M., Win, J., Zerillo, M., Beakes, G.W., Boore, J.L., Busam, D., Dumas, B., Ferriera, S., Fuerstenberg, S.I., Gachon, C.M.M., Gaulin, E., Govers, F., Grenville-Briggs, L., Horner, N., Hostetler, J., Jiang, R.H.Y., Johnson, J., Krajaejun, T., Lin, H., Meijer, H.J.G., Moore, B., Morris, P., Phuntmart, V., Puiu, D., Stajich, J.E., Tripathy, S., Wawra, S., van West, P., Whitty, B.R., Coutinho, P.M., Henrissat, B., Martin, F., Thomas, P.D., Tyler, B.M., De Vries, R.P., Kamoun, S., Yandell, M., Tisserat, N., Buell, C.R., Lévesque, C.A., Brouwer, H., Cano, L., Hamilton, J.P., Holt, C., Huitema, E., Raffaele, S., Robideau, G.P., Thines, M., Win, J., Zerillo, M., Beakes, G.W., Boore, J.L., Busam, D., Dumas, B., Ferriera, S., Fuerstenberg, S.I., Gachon, C.M.M., Gaulin, E., Govers, F., Grenville-Briggs, L., Horner, N., Hostetler, J., Jiang, R.H.Y., Johnson, J., Krajaejun, T., Lin, H., Meijer, H.J.G., Moore, B., Morris, P., Phuntmart, V., Puiu, D., Stajich, J.E., Tripathy, S., Wawra, S., van West, P., Whitty, B.R., Coutinho, P.M., Henrissat, B., Martin, F., Thomas, P.D., Tyler, B.M., De Vries, R.P., Kamoun, S., Yandell, M., Tisserat, N., and Buell, C.R.

Published
2010

9. Genome sequence of the necrotrophic plant pathogen Pythium ultimum reveals original pathogenicity mechanisms and effector repertoire

Author

Lévesque, C.A., Brouwer, H., Cano, L., Hamilton, J.P., Holt, C., Huitema, E., Raffaele, S., Robideau, G.P., Thines, M., Win, J., Zerillo, M.M., Beakes, G.W., Boore, J.L., Busam, D., Dumas, B., Ferriera, S., Fuerstenberg, S.I., Gachon, C.M.M., Gaulin, E., Govers, F., Grenville-Briggs, L., Horner, N., Hostetler, J., Jiang, R.H.Y., Johnson, J., Krajaejun, T., Lin, H., Meijer, H.J.G., Moore, B., Morris, P., Phuntmart, V., Puiu, D., Shetty, J., Stajich, J.E., Tripathy, S., Wawra, S., van West, P., Whitty, B.R., Coutinho, P.M., Henrissat, B., Martin, F., Thomas, P.D., Tyler, B.M., de Vries, R.P., Kamoun, S., Yandell, M., Tisserat, N., Buell, C.R., Lévesque, C.A., Brouwer, H., Cano, L., Hamilton, J.P., Holt, C., Huitema, E., Raffaele, S., Robideau, G.P., Thines, M., Win, J., Zerillo, M.M., Beakes, G.W., Boore, J.L., Busam, D., Dumas, B., Ferriera, S., Fuerstenberg, S.I., Gachon, C.M.M., Gaulin, E., Govers, F., Grenville-Briggs, L., Horner, N., Hostetler, J., Jiang, R.H.Y., Johnson, J., Krajaejun, T., Lin, H., Meijer, H.J.G., Moore, B., Morris, P., Phuntmart, V., Puiu, D., Shetty, J., Stajich, J.E., Tripathy, S., Wawra, S., van West, P., Whitty, B.R., Coutinho, P.M., Henrissat, B., Martin, F., Thomas, P.D., Tyler, B.M., de Vries, R.P., Kamoun, S., Yandell, M., Tisserat, N., and Buell, C.R.

Abstract

Background - Pythium ultimum is a ubiquitous oomycete plant pathogen responsible for a variety of diseases on a broad range of crop and ornamental species. Results -The P. ultimum genome (42.8 Mb) encodes 15,290 genes and has extensive sequence similarity and synteny with related Phytophthora species, including the potato blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans. Whole transcriptome sequencing revealed expression of 86% of genes, with detectable differential expression of suites of genes under abiotic stress and in the presence of a host. The predicted proteome includes a large repertoire of proteins involved in plant pathogen interactions, although, surprisingly, the P. ultimum genome does not encode any classical RXLR effectors and relatively few Crinkler genes in comparison to related phytopathogenic oomycetes. A lower number of enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism were present compared to Phytophthora species, with the notable absence of cutinases, suggesting a significant difference in virulence mechanisms between P. ultimum and more host-specific oomycete species. Although we observed a high degree of orthology with Phytophthora genomes, there were novel features of the P. ultimum proteome, including an expansion of genes involved in proteolysis and genes unique to Pythium. We identified a small gene family of cadherins, proteins involved in cell adhesion, the first report of these in a genome outside the metazoans. Conclusions - Access to the P. ultimum genome has revealed not only core pathogenic mechanisms within the oomycetes but also lineage-specific genes associated with the alternative virulence and lifestyles found within the pythiaceous lineages compared to the Peronosporaceae.

Published
2010

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