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This study aims to create a radio-frequency identification and near-field communication door lock. This is convenient right now and in the future. Keyless access locks have many benefits over traditional lock and key access in schools. Electronic door locks with RFID capabilities offer convenience and improved security to clients. RFID key cards offer security against unauthorized users because they are significantly more difficult to replicate than keys. RFID technology not only offers an excellent level of protection, but it is also incredibly user-friendly. The researchers designed the Radio Frequency Identification and Near Field Communication Door Lock for Bloomridge Integrated School to have a more secure lock. The researchers utilized the System Development Life Cycle during the research study. The SDLC waterfall model provides the researchers to clearly define the objectives and problems, enabling the precise and relevant implementation of the plan and providing the best way of observing how the process will grow to be more successful and efficient throughout the process. They develop strategies and plans for the project. The researchers analyze the data collected from the client's problem. The researchers developed an automated method that fixed the problem for the client. The researchers conducted seminars for those who might use the system they had developed. They examine the system for defects, errors, and other problems to ensure it functions properly. They also keep the output well maintained. The proponents have found a solution for the client's problem with the help of radio frequency identification and a near-field communication door lock for their school. They are delighted that the researcher developed a more secure lock for their facility to protect the faculty, employees, and students. Radio-frequency Identification Technology uses electromagnetic fields to communicate between two devices: tags and readers. Radio-frequency identification door lo

The construction industry is vital in meeting humanity's infrastructure and essential building needs. However, its current practices contribute significantly to environmental challenges such as global warming, deforestation, and biodiversity loss. The current study points out the need for a more sustainable approach in the construction sector. The reason this study focuses on RFID-tags is both because of the academic gap regarding implementation of new standardizations and the project Lumi that this study has as its case study of the thesis. The goal of this thesis is to analyze the Swedish construction industry’s attitude toward the implementation of RFID-tags as a standardization and fill the academic gap that has been identified in the literature review. The goal is to determine the attitude of each stakeholder type within the industry through the lens of socio-technical transition theory, to determine specific barriers and drivers for the concept. Furthermore, the aim is to determine if RFID-tags can be implemented to promote circularity and enhance sustainable development. The research methods incorporate a literature review and a case study with semi-structured interviews conducted with eight participants. The sample consisted of actors within the construction industry, such as customers, distribution companies, entrepreneurs, manufacturers, service companies, and workers. The thesis identified the conservative nature of the industry as an obstacle, along with the fear of failure within the construction industry. The attitude towards the standardization of RFID-tags is positive, where beneficial factors were identified, such as saving time, reducing environmental impact, and improving the structure for recycling.

Anthropogenic global warming has major implications for mobile terrestrial insects, including long-term effects from constant warming, for example, on species distribution patterns, and short-term effects from heat extremes that induce immediate physiological responses. To cope with heat extremes, they either have to reduce their activity or move to preferable microhabitats. The availability of favorable microhabitat conditions is strongly promoted by the spatial heterogeneity of habitats, which is often reduced by anthropogenic land transformation. Thus, it is decisive to understand the combined effects of these global change drivers on insect activity. Here, we assessed the movement activity of six insect species (from three orders) in response to heat stress using a unique tracking approach via radio frequency identification. We tracked 465 individuals at the iDiv Ecotron across a temperature gradient up to 38.7°C. In addition, we varied microhabitat conditions by adding leaf litter from four different tree species to the experimental units, either spatially separated or well mixed. Our results show opposing effects of heat extremes on insect activity depending on the microhabitat conditions. The insect community significantly decreased its activity in the mixed litter scenario, while we found a strong positive effect on activity in the separated litter scenario. We hypothesize that the simultaneous availability of thermal refugia as well as resources provided by the mixed litter scenario allows animals to reduce their activity and save energy in response to heat stress. Contrary, the spatial separation of beneficial microclimatic conditions and resources forces animals to increase their activity to fulfill their energetic needs. Thus, our study highlights the importance of habitat heterogeneity on smaller scales, because it may buffer the consequences of extreme temperatures of insect performance and survival under global change.

Gesture recognition based on radio frequency identification (RFID) has attracted much research attention in recent years. Most existing RFID-based gesture recognition approaches use signal profile matching to distinguish different gestures, which incur large recognition latency and fail to support real-time applications. In this paper, we design and implement ReActor, a real-time and accurate gesture recognition system that recognizes a user's gestures with low latency and high accuracy even when the gestures'speed varies. ReActor combines the time-domain statistical features and the frequency-domain features to precisely represent the signal profile corresponding to different gestures. To maintain high accuracy across different environments, we preprocess the signals to remove reflection signals from surrounding objects and use only the signals related to gestures to train the classifier. Moreover, we train a classifier to predict the speed of the gesture and feed the extracted features to different classifiers according to the speed. We implement ReActor and evaluate its performance in different scenarios. Experimental results show that ReActor achieves an average accuracy of 97.2% in recognizing 18 different gestures with an average latency of 72 ms, more than two orders of magnitude faster than approaches based on profile template matching. IEEE

The internet of things helps Humans work smarter, as well as gain complete control over their lives. In addition to offering smart devices to automate homes, IoT is essential to various businesses. IoT makes provisions for businesses with a real-time look into how their systems really work, delivering insights to every business about the performance of machines from start to end of every operation. IoT gives assistance to businesses to automation and reduces labor costs. It also chops down waste and improves service delivery, making it economical to manufacture & supply goods and services, as well as offering clearness in customer transactions. IoT is the most important technology in modern life, and it will only gain popularity as more companies recognize the potential of linked devices to keep them focused and active. In the future what are all the changes that humans can expect through the Internet on things through various activities and also in various sectors can be described in this. The future of human life is living together with digital technology and IoT.

This paper gives introduction about internet of things with some applications and future approach. It describes about internet of things as well as its future. Regardless of how you look at it, technology has been trending toward automation for quite some time. Isn’t it true that one of the most basic principles of technology is to make our lives easier by requiring us to do fewer things explicitly? It may be making us all lazier on a daily basis, or it may be giving us significantly more time to pursue whatever we choose. Whatever the outcome, there is little doubt that automation is the way of the future, and the most significant area where it is occurring is in our homes.

The proposed work Smart Library Management System play a vital role in replacing manual works and errors done by the library staff and students. In the traditional method queues and delays are expected, hence it is a time consuming process. The proposed work is based on RFID and Face Recognition technology, has the ability to recognize and track each and every student and books in the library premise making it the most efficient way which allows fast transaction flow of library activities without much manual intervention. This system will make users to issue and return of books via RFID tags very easy and also calculate the corresponding fine associated with the period of time the absence of the book from the library. This project is a step towards an ‘Automated Future’.

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a rapidly emergingtechnology which allows productivity and convenience. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a new generationof Auto Identification and Data collection technologywhich helps to automate business processes and allowsidentification of large number of tagged objects like books, using radio waves. This paper proposes RFID Based LibraryManagement System that would allow fastTransaction flow and will make it easy to handle the issue and returnof books from the library without much intervention ofmanual book keeping which benefits by adding properties of traceabilityand security. The proposed system is based onRFID readers and passive RFID tags that are able to electronicallystore information that can be read with the help ofthe RFID reader. This system would be able to issue and returnbooks via RFID tags and also calculates the correspondingfine associated with the time period of the absenceof the book from the library database.

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a rapidly emergingtechnology which allows productivity and convenience. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a new generationof Auto Identification and Data collection technologywhich helps to automate business processes and allowsidentification of large number of tagged objects like books, using radio waves. This paper proposes RFID Based LibraryManagement System that would allow fastTransaction flow and will make it easy to handle the issue and returnof books from the library without much intervention of manual book keeping which benefits by adding properties of traceabilityand security. The proposed system is based on RFID readers and passive RFID tags that are able to electronicallystore information that can be read with the help ofthe RFID reader. This system would be able to issue and returnbooks via RFID tags and also calculates the correspondingfine associated with the time period of the absenceof the book from the library database

The Heineken Company, known as Heineken, is a global and family-owned brewing company of Dutch heritage. With more than 300 different high quality beers and ciders and 167 breweries around the world, consumers are enjoying their products in more than 190 countries. Heineken Netherlands Supply (HNS) is a regional Operating Company (OPCO) and with three breweries in the Netherlands, HNS supplies Heineken products to their customers, including Heineken Germany (HGER). The supply chain between HNS and HGER is used as a case study for this thesis. This supply chain is a Closed-Loop Supply Chain (CLSC) in which Returnable Packaging Materials (RPM) such as crates, are circulating through the supply chain. Heineken, including HNS and HGER, aspires to continuously eliminate inefficiencies and charge future growth through strategic investments and initiatives. Nowadays, production volumes for the German market are growing increasingly and supply chains are under pressure since they are required to be faster, more flexible, more efficient and consumers have high expectations regarding product availability. Hence, strategic decisions regarding supply chains have become more important and featuring reliable data to measure Key Performance Indicators is essential. Therefore, Heineken is planning on introducing Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) gateways to measure actual crate cycle times, since they are currently based on assumptions. Scope The HKR Cluster crate will be the first RPM Stock-Keeping-Unit (SKU) which is going to be tracked through the supply chain, since the largest beer volume of the total volume for the German market (33%) are kept in this SKU. The initial idea is to install the RFID gateways and at 3 main locations: • Brewery in Den Bosch (Netherlands) • LCDB: Logistic center in Den Bosch (Netherlands) • Warehouse in Werne (Germany) For the purpose of this master thesis a scope and system boundarie, Mechanical Engineering

The RFID (Radio Frequency Identification), a technology that uses radio waves to automatically identify items or individuals. The library started utilizing RFIDs system to supplant their electro-attractive and bar code system in the last part of the 1990s. This paper attempts to discover detailed information about the new implementation of RFID in Arignar Anna Central Library and focuses on a different component of the system and their standards. The AACL started using RFID in the year 2017 under the supervision of the University Librarian, for their regular activities like circulation, shelf management, stock verification shelf rectification, and theft detection, etc. It also explained the relevant cost of the different components and the approximate total cost after implementing the RFID system.

The Marine Corps Consolidated Memorandum Receipt (CMR) is the method that is used to keep accountability of assets that are owned by the Marine Corps. Over a fiscal year (October–September), Responsible Officers focus their efforts on manual asset accountability at a minimum of once every quarter. This method of by-hand accountability is labor- and time-intensive. This additional time and labor saps valuable time that could be spent on training and refining critical warfighting skills. This thesis models the current CMR process model (As-Is) and a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) enhanced process model (To-Be) utilizing Savvion business process modeling software. The output of this modeling is used to feed a Monte Carlo simulation, which is then analyzed in terms of time and cost. The researchers demonstrate that there are potential benefits to be gained if the Marine Corps adopted an RFID-enhanced process model. The RFID-enhanced process model has the potential to be fifteen times more efficient than the As-Is process model in terms of time. These efficiencies lead to a labor-hour cost savings of approximately $31,000 per instance of implementation when considering a communications company CMR of 770 items. The researchers recommend that physical trials be conducted to confirm the effectiveness of the use of RFID technology in the CMR accountability process., Major, United States Marine Corps, Major, United States Marine Corps, Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited.

Continuous and automated bacteria detection is pivotal for a myriad of biomedical, food safety and envi-ronmental applications. This work presents the fabrication of a prototype of a passive (battery-free) radio frequency sensor for wireless detection of bacteria. The sensing mechanism is based on the bacterial-induced (proteases and peptidases) degradation of glutaraldehyde (GTA) cross-linked gelatin-caprylic acid (CA) composite film. Proteolytic degradation of the film resulted in a decrease of its resistivity, a quan-tity that could be wirelessly monitored by coupling the film to a radio-frequency antenna (an inductor-capacitor resonator) and monitoring the frequency for which the transferred power between this antenna and another antenna connected to a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) was maximized. We experimen-tally proved this concept by monitoring E.coli bacteria in aqueous medium and detected at 18.0 +/- 2.8 h, 23.5 +/- 0.7 h, 27.0 +/- 2.8 h, 40.5 +/- 3.5 h, 45.5 +/- 0.7 h for the initial E.coli concentration of 3.2 +/- 10(8) , 6.8 +/- 10(7) , 2.3 +/- 10(6) , 4.3 +/- 10(5) , and 3.6 +/- 10(4) CFU/mL, respectively. Further, the E.coli induced degrada-tion of the composite film was investigated by evaluating the thickness of the film by optical microscopy as well as morphology by scanning electron microscopy techniques. (C) 2021 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

This study is a research around an issue encountered by MyEasyLab, a laboratory involved in asbestos testing for the French market. They are facing a problem of sample losses, which is hardly acceptable, especially when growing on a highly competitive and price driven market. They are therefore looking for ways to have a better traceability of their samples. The technicians were observed to identify their needs and the problems the company is facing. This study is presenting as a result two complementary solutions: the reorganization of the working space, and the usage of the RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology to track the samples. The reorganization of the room using the 5S method should enable a more optimized way of working. This method initially used in the industry early on by Toyota, enables to optimize the flows (goods, person, waste …) in a sustainable way. The use of RFID presents the opportunity of a deep change in the whole process of the company, from the client to the labs. Bags already tagged RFID could be sent to the clients for their sample collection, enabling traceability from the beginning of the chain. The samples could, using RFID, be detected as they enter the site, leave the site and if they are in an undesired location (for example in the trash). The RFID technology is also an opportunity to facilitate the work of the technician, with a possibility to save around 4h15 of working time per day. The kind of tags that seems the most appropriate for this application is passive UHF tags. They present the advantages of being cheaper, easier to buy in bulk and readable from longer distances. Even though the RFID technology is often seen as expensive, a return on investment seems possible for a tag price under 0.08€. Further experimental tests need to be realized to refine the results of this study.

Sensing technologies demonstrate promising potential in providing the construction industry with a safe, productive, and high-quality process. The majority of sensing technologies in the construction research area have been focused on construction automation research in prefabrication, on-site operation, and logistics. However, most of these technologies are either not implemented in real construction projects or are at the very early stages in practice. The corresponding applications are far behind, even in extensively researched aspects such as Radio Frequency Identification, ultrawideband technology, and Fiber Optic Sensing technology. This review systematically investigates the current status of sensing technologies in construction from 187 articles and explores the reasons responsible for their slow adoption from 69 articles. First, this paper identifies common sensing technologies and investigates their implementation extent. Second, contributions and limitations of sensing technologies are elaborated to understand the current status. Third, key factors influencing the adoption of sensing technologies are extracted from construction stakeholders’ experience. Demand towards sensing technologies, benefits and suitability of them, and barriers to their adoption are reviewed. Lastly, the governance framework is determined as the research tendency facilitating sensing technologies adoption. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the governance framework development. It will promote the sensing technologies adoption and improve construction performance including safety, productivity, and quality.

[EN] In many bird species, a fraction of mature individuals does not reproduce. These individuals are known as floaters, and little is known about how they acquire a breeding location or how they interact with conspecifics. We conducted two studies on a population of spotless starlings using radio frequency identification. Firstly, we observed whether nest prospections of starlings that exhibited floating behaviour in their first year were related to their settling area the following year. Starlings that exhibited floating behaviour in their first year nested thefollowing season in close proximity to the area where they had prospected before. There were no differences in natal dispersal distances of first year floaters and birds of the same age that managed to breed, and these were slightly closer to the original hatching nest that expected by chance. These results show that familiarity with a specific area increases the probability of floaters settling in that location and that their natal dispersal is not conditioned by their status. Secondly, we investigated the social structure of the population to analyse how floaters interact within the colony. To do so, we constructed a social network using foraging detections at feeders placed in the area during the winter. Starlings were found to aggregate more strongly with individuals of their same status. Our results may reflect the outcome of different strategies, in which floaters may try to avoid fighting with more socially dominant individuals (breeders) while breeders may behave as “dear enemies” with other known breeders. Furthermore, breeders occupied a more central position in the network than floaters. Among floaters, those that became breeders the following season were associated with better connected starlings and had stronger associations than those that remained floaters. These results show that the winter social structure of the colony may have important repercussions in individual long-term fitness.

An active 4th order band-pass filter for RFID reader is fabricated and simulated. For this purpose, an active bandpass filter is required for the front-end system because all signals outside the 10-20 kHz time-varying signal backscattered by the tag need to be rejected. The filter has been designed from some given specifications, one of which is, that the filter needs to have a Butterworth response. The values for the passive components are calculated, and the circuits are then simulated using MATLAB commercial software.

Individual data are valuable for assessing the health, welfare and performance of broilers. In particular, data on the first few days of life are needed to study the predictive value of traits recorded early in life for later life performance. However, broilers are generally kept in groups, which hampers individual identification and monitoring of animals. Sensor technologies may aid in identifying and monitoring individual animals. In this study, a passive radio frequency identification (RFID) system was implemented to record broiler activity, in combination with traditional video recordings. The two main objectives were (1) to validate the output of the RFID system by comparing it to the recorded locations on video, and (2) to assess whether the number of antennas visited per unit time could serve as a measure of activity, by comparing it to the distance recorded on video and to the distance moved as recorded using a validated ultra-wideband (UWB) tracking system. The locations recorded by the RFID system exactly matched the video in 62.5% of the cases, and in 99.2% of the cases when allowing for a deviation of one antenna grid cell. There were moderately strong Spearman rank correlations between the distance recorded with the RFID system and the distance recorded from video (rs = 0.82) and between UWB and RFID (rs = 0.70) in approximately one-hour recordings, indicating that the RFID system can adequately track relative individual broiler activity, i.e., the activity level of a broiler in comparison to its group members. As the RFID tags are small and lightweight, the RFID system is well suited for monitoring the individual activity of group-housed broilers throughout life.

Presensi perkuliahan merupakan suatu proses pencatatan kehadiran mahasiswa dalam mengikuti kegiatan belajar mengajar dalam perkuliahan. Teknologi radio frequency identification dalam sistem presensi dapat mendukung dalam kelancaran proses perkuliahan, karena data kehadiran mahasiswa akan teridentifikasi secara otomatis melalui radio frequency identification reader yang nantinya tersimpan dalam database sistem sehingga mahasiswa tidak perlu lagi untuk menandatangani form presensi., pengolahan data dengan aplikasi ini akan menghasilkan informasi yang lebih akurat.  Adapun metode pengembangan perangkat lunak dan perangkat keras menggunakan Rapid Application Development, metode ini di dalam pengembangan dan perancangannya menggunakan sumber daya yang ada dengan tujuan pengembangan dan perancangan perangkat lunak yang singkat dan cepat. Hasil dari penelitian tersebut menghasilkan sistem presensi mahasiswa dan dosen, dan cetak laporan presensi. Diharapkan dengan adanya sistem presensi berbasis radio frequency identification meningkatkan fungsi pelayanan akademik terhadap mahasiswa secara mudah, cepat, efektif dan efisien., Lecture attendance is a process of recording student attendance in teaching and learning activities in lectures. Radio frequency identification technology in the lecture attendance system can support the smooth lecture process because student attendance data will be identified automatically through a radio frequency identification reader which will be stored in the system database so students no longer need to sign the lecture attendance form. Data processing with this application will produce more accurate information. The software and hardware development method use Rapid Application Development, this method in its development and design uses available resources with the aim of developing and designing software that is short and fast. The results of the research produced a student and lecturer attendance system and a print attendance report. It is expected that the presence of a radio frequency identification-based presence system will improve the function of academic services to students easily, quickly, effectively and efficiently.

This paper presents a compact circularly polarized microstrip antenna for radio frequency identification (RFID) readers. The dimensions of the proposed antenna are reduced by etching a cross slot in the radiation patch and loading four grounded coupling patches on the four corners of the radiation patch. An inverted Z-shaped coupling feedline is used to realize circularly polarized operation. The measured -10 dB |S11| bandwidth, 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth and maximum gain are 872–1095 MHz, 888–933 MHz, and 5.52 dBi, respectively, at 922 MHz frequency. The overall dimension of the proposed antenna is 0.36 λ g X 0.36 λ g X 0.05 λ g (λ g is the guide wavelength at the center frequency of 915 MHz). The proposed antenna has small size with good overall performance and is suitable for compact RFID devices.

Die Fahr- und Kippstabilität sowie die Schwingungsbelastung auf den Fahrer werden bei Flurförderzeugen erheblich durch die Reifeneigenschaften beeinflusst. Für die detaillierte Beurteilung des dynamischen Fahrzeugverhaltens kommen Mehrkörpersimulationen zum Einsatz, durch die eine genaue Auskunft über das Fahrzeugverhalten getroffen werden kann. Um die Reifeneigenschaften im Rahmen dieser Simulationen realitätsnah abbilden zu können wird ein zuverlässiges und valides Reifenmodell benötigt, welches die auftretenden Kräfte und Momente in die Fahrzeugstruktur einleitet. Hierbei ist von besonderem Interesse, dass die speziellen nichtlinearen Eigenschaften von Flurförderzeugreifen hinsichtlich der Vertikal- und Querdynamik durch das Modell abgebildet werden können. In diesem Beitrag wird ein dreidimensionales, nichtlineares Reifenmodell für Superelastikreifen vorgestellt, mit dem die Fahrdynamik von Flurförderzeugen bei unterschiedlichen Fahrmanövern untersucht werden kann. Nach einer kurzen Beschreibung des grundsätzlichen Modellaufbaus wird auf die Parametrierung des Modells eingegangen, wodurch der theoretische Ansatz an das reale Reifenverhalten angepasst wird. Neben experimentellen Daten werden hierfür Simulationsergebnisse herangezogen, welche durch einen eigenentwickelten strukturmechanischen Ansatz generiert werden. Im Anschluss wird das Reifenmodell durch den Vergleich zwischen Simulations- und Messergebnissen validiert bzw. verifiziert, wodurch die Gültigkeit in verschiedenen Einsatzgebieten überprüft wird., The driving and tipping stability as well as the vibration load on the driver are considerably influenced by the tyre properties of industrial trucks. Multibody simulations are used for the detailed assessment of dynamic vehicle behaviour, which can provide precise information on vehicle behaviour. In order to be able to realistically reproduce the tyre properties within the framework of these simulations, a reliable and valid tyre model is required which introduces the occurring forces and moments into the vehicle structure. It is of particular interest that the special nonlinear properties of industrial truck tires with regard to vertical and lateral dynamics can be mapped by the model. This paper presents a three-dimensional, nonlinear tire model for superelastic tires that can be used to investigate the driving dynamics of industrial trucks during different driving maneuvers. After a short description of the basic model structure, the parameterization of the model is discussed, whereby the theoretical approach is adapted to the real tire behavior. In addition to experimental data, simulation results are used, which are generated by an own developed structural mechanical approach. The tire model is then validated or verified by comparing the simulation and measurement results, which checks its validity in various areas of application.

We report a broadband ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) tag antenna of compact size mounted on a metallic object in a near field communication (NFC) RFID system. One half of the square radiation patch has a semi-annular strip feedline embedded inside a semicircle-shaped slot to improve the antenna bandwidth and gain, and the other half of the radiation patch has an L-shaped slot and a shorting pin to increase the circular polarization (CP) bandwidth and reduce the antenna size. The resonant input impedance of the tag antenna can be tuned easily by varying the length of the semi-annular feedline, and the gap between the feedline and the etched semicircular slot. The proposed tag antenna has a wide measured impedance bandwidth (-10-dB |Gamma|) covering the whole operating frequency range of 181 MHz (from 790 to 971 MHz) for a UHF RFID system. The measured 3-dB axis ratio (AR) bandwidth is 43 MHz (from 895 to 938 MHz), which is much larger than those of the CP tag antennas reported in the literature for metallic objects. Further experiment has shown that the proposed tag antenna can provide a stable reading range when mounted on metal plates of various sizes., QC 20211207

Diplomová práce se zabývá sledováním vyrobených osobních automobilů na konsolidačních plochách ve ŠKODA AUTO a.s. V první kapitole budou vymezena teoretická východiska zkoumané problematiky, respektive technologie zabezpečující sledování výrobků a jejich význam v logistických řetězcích. Ve druhé kapitole bude provedena analýza stávajícího stavu, tedy analýza sledování vyrobených osobních automobilů na konsolidačních plochách ve ŠKODA AUTO a.s. Na základě výsledků analýzy budou ve třetí kapitole definovány návrhy pro úpravu sledování vyrobených osobních automobilů na konsolidačních plochách, které budou ve čtvrté kapitole zhodnoceny., The diploma thesis deals with the tracking of manufactured cars on the consolidation areas of the ŠKODA AUTO a.s. There will be a theoretical basis of the researched issues or more precisely the technology enabling tracking of the products and their meaning in logistic chains defined in the first chapter. In the second chapter there will be an analysis of the current state held, that means analysis of the tracking of manufactured cars on the consolidation areas of ŠKODA AUTO a.s. Based on the analysis results in the third chapter there will be suggestions for tracking adjustments of manufactured cars on the consolidation areas defined. Those adjustment suggestions will be assessed in the fourth chapter., Dopravní fakulta Jana Pernera, Diplomant přednesl ucelenou a logicky uspořádanou obhajobu své diplomové práce. V ní dokázal přesvědčivým způsobem obhájit závěry svých řešení. Na poznámky, resp. připomínky oponenta reagoval správně a v plném rozsahu je zodpověděl. U doplňkových otázek prokázal schopnost logického myšlení, pohotové reakce, jasného a srozumitelného vysvětlení., Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobou

This Article deals with Challenges for Automatic Identification Systems in the Supply Chain. In this article there are described the most often used Automatic Identification Systems that contribute to more effective information flow between individual elements of the Supply Chain. This article describes a potential way of integration of technologies AIDC (Automatic Identification and Data Capture) across the Supply Chain. The methodology for the selection of a suitable technological solution is described in a significant part of this article. As a suitable technological solution is understood the selection of proper AIDC technology, their combination respectively, based on pre-defined criteria., Článek se zabývá výzvami systémů automatické identifikace v dodavatelském řetězci. Jsou v něm popsány nejpoužívanější systémy automatické identifikace, které napomáhají k efektivnějšímu informačnímu toku mezi jednotlivými články dodavatelského řetězce. Článek popisuje možnou cestu integrace technologií AIDC napříč dodavatelským řetězcem. Metodika výběru vhodného technologického řešení je popsána ve značné části tohoto článku. Jako vhodné technologické řešení se rozumí výběr správné technologie AIDC, resp. jejich kombinace, na základě předem definovaných kritérií.

Damaging behaviors, like feather pecking (FP), have large economic and welfare consequences in the commercial laying hen industry. Selective breeding can be used to obtain animals that are less likely to perform damaging behavior on their pen-mates. However, with the growing tendency to keep birds in large groups, identifying specific birds that are performing or Animals 2019, 9, 108; doi:10.3390/ani9030108 www.mdpi.com/journal/animals Animals 2019, 9, 108 2 of 21 receiving FP is difficult. With current developments in sensor technologies, it may now be possible to identify laying hens in large groups that show less FP behavior and select them for breeding. We propose using a combination of sensor technology and genomic methods to identify feather peckers and victims in groups. In this review, we will describe the use of “-omics” approaches to understand FP and give an overview of sensor technologies that can be used for animal monitoring, such as ultra-wideband, radio frequency identification, and computer vision. We will then discuss the identification of indicator traits from both sensor technologies and genomics approaches that can be used to select animals for breeding against damaging behavior.

Магістерська дисертація містить основну частину на 83 аркушах, кількість ілюстрацій 33, таблиць 28, джерел 24. Об’єктом дослідження є процес радіочастотної ідентифікації об’єктів з використанням поверхневих акустисних хвиль. Предмет дослідження це мітки пристроїв радіочастотної ідентифікації на основі поверхневих акустичних хвиль. Метою дипломної роботи є ознайомлення і вивчення механізмів радіочастотної ідентифікації на ПАХ. Методом дослідження є теоретичний аналіз фізичних принципів дії, конструктивних особливостей радіочастотної ідентифікаційної мітки на ПАХ. Розглянуті основні етапи розробки РЧІД мітки на ПАХ. Проаналізовані основні вимоги до матеріалів підкладок акустичного каналу пристроїв на ПАХ. Зроблений підбір матеріалу підкладки акустичного каналу. Розраховані характеристики і розміри основних конструктивних елементів мітки на ПАХ. Результати проекту можуть бути використані для підкреслення актуальності проектування та використання із запропонованих можливиїх сфер застосування пристроїв РЧІД на ПАХ., Thesis contains the bulk of the 83 pages, 33 illustrations, 28 table, sources of information 24. The object of research is the process of radio frequency identification (RFID) of objects with using surface acoustic waves (SAW). The subject of the study is the labels of radio frequency identification (RFID) devices based on surface acoustic waves (SAW). The aim of the thesis is to review and study the technology of RFID surface acoustic wave. The method of research is theoretical analysis of the physical principles of action, structural features radio frequency identification SAW tags. The basic stages of RFID SAW tags. The basic requirements for substrate materials acoustic channel SAW devices. Made selection of acoustic material lining the channel. Calculated characteristics and size of the main structural elements of SAW tags. Project results can be used to emphasize the importance of design and use of the proposed possible applications RFID SAW devices.

In this paper a novel, compact 10-bit chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) tag with stable readable characteristics is proposed. The tag is composed of several concentric novel kite-shaped loop resonators. The desired data sequence is obtained by the insertion or removal of nested elements, offering a 1:1 data bit to resonance correspondence. Each data sequence is encoded in the spectral domain of the tag. The proposed tag shows operability at different polarizations and incident angles of the impinging electromagnetic waves. Operating within the ultra-wideband (UWB), the tag is realized on the Roger RT/duroid® 5880 substrate having physical dimensions of 13.55 × 13.55 mm2. The measurement results of the design reveal a high code density and spectral efficiency of 5.44 bits/cm2 and 2 bits/GHz, respectively. The compact and robust passive chipless RFID tag having scalable data storage potential can be deployed in numerous low-profile applications such as those of wearable and healthcare., QC 20220112

En IT-styrd lager och orderhantering är idag vanligt, metoden för att ta emot leveranser har dock sett likadan ut länge. Man använder sig oftast av streckkoder/QR-koder eller rent manuell hantering med penna och papper. Radio frequency identification (RFID) möjliggör en trådlös och autonom avläsning av gods som är taggade. Tekniken har funnits länge men har under senaste år visats sig få en mer positiv trend, där mer och mer objekt blir taggade. Samarbetspartnern i denna studie Fiskarhedenvillan använder sig idag av ett helt manuellt system för inleveranser av gods på deras distributionscentral. De vill nu börja deras digitalisering av distributionscentralen genom att undersöka möjligheten att införa ett RFID-system som metod för hantering av gods vid inleveranser. Denna studie har i samarbete med Sogeti och Fiskarhedenvillan genomförts för att identifiera möjligheter och faktorer och undersöka ifall en implementation är möjlig. Intervjuer har genomförts med nyckelpersoner inom vad som kallats ”världens bästa RFID-projekt”. Från slutsatserna identifieras ett antal utmaningar kring processer av flöden som måste uppdateras för att kunna dra full nytta utav ett RFID-system. Vidare så blir RFID teknik som metod för inleverans av gods sällan mer effektivt, man måste också börja kolla på arbetssätt och börja utveckla de nuvarande processerna för att kunna utnyttja fördelarna med RFID. Då möjligheten att gardera sig mot en icke fulländad logistik-kedja med kombinerad tagg/streckkods-etikett samtidigt som mer och mer blir taggat gör det att RFID-system blir mer direkt användbara. Implementeringar underlättas av befintliga beprövade standarder. Kritiska faktorer att beakta inför implementering innebär bland annat omgivningsanalys och att implementeringar utav RFID-system ofta har stor inverkan på hela kedjan. Vidare identifieras möjligheter som tidigare beprövade system och en positiv trend för implementeringar inom RFID-tekniken., An IT-controlled warehouse and order management is today common, however, the method for receiving deliveries has looked the same for a long time. You usually use bar codes / QR codes or purely manual handling with pen and paper. Radio frequency identification (RFID) enables a wireless and autonomous reading of goods that have been tagged. The technology has been aorund for a long time but has been shown to have a more positive trend in recent years, where more and more objects are being tagged. The partner in this study Fiskarhedenvillan today uses a completely manual system for deliveries of goods at their distibution center. They now want to start their digitalization of the distribution center by examining the posibility of introducing an RFID-system as a method for hondling goods at deliveries. This study, in collaboration with Sogeti and Fiskarhedenvillan, has been carried out to identify opportunities and factors and to investigate wether an implemantation is possible. Interviews have been conducted with key personell within what has been called ”the world’s best RFID project”. From the conclusions, a number of challenges are identified around processes of flows that must be updated to be able to take full advantage of an RFID system. Futhermore, RFID technology as a method for receiving goods rarely becomes more efficient unless the processes between flows are changed or updated, and the working methods should also be looked upon to be able to utilize the advantages of RFID. Since the possibility of gourding against an uncompleted logistics chain with a combined tag / barcode label at the same time as more and more objects are being tagged, it makes RFID systems more directly usable. Implementations are facilitated by existing proven standards. Critical factors to consider prior to implementation include environmental analysis and that implementations of RFID systems often have a great impact on the entire chain. Furthermore, opportunities are identified as

Mikrochip, eller integrerad krets, är en samling av elektroniska kretsar på en mindre platta. De går att finna i nästan alla elektroniska produkter, såsom i mobiler eller självkörande bilar. Idag har denna teknik blivit så liten att människor kan implantera den i kroppen, där användningsområdena är många och fortfarande relativt outforskade. Ny teknik kommer ofta med positiva och negativa aspekter, en teknik som kan integreras med kroppen kan för individen kännas integritetskränkande, främmande eller obehagligt. Detta är en kvalitativ studie där vi genom intervjuer har undersökt vilka attityder ungdomar i Sverige har till implantat av mikrochip. Studien har identifierat vad ungdomar har för attityder och åsikter kring mikrochip i kontexten av deras egna privatliv, hälsa, vardagsliv och datasäkerhet.

Hospitals are facing enormous financial pressure over the last years. To achieve lower costs, hospitals should invest in smart ways of working to make optimal use of the scarce capacities. A solution can be digitising processes in the hospital to prevent it from making more costs. In line with this founding, planning and scheduling of the operating room (OR) program during a day is a process that could be improved by digitising. Overtime and idle time are consequences of inaccurate planning and are both expensive elements that do not contribute to satisfaction of hospital personnel and patients. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is proven and proposed in previous research to be used to acquire data for surgical phase detection. Up until now, the detection accuracy for this model is too low and requires optimization before it can be implemented in the OR. This research uses a systematic approach to investigate the feasibility of implementation of RFID in the OR in Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis (RdGG) in Delft for the purpose of surgical phase recognition. The systematic approach is divided in four parts: theory, design, testing and evaluation. The first part presents an analysis of the OR in RdGG and the RFID technology and is used in the design part to compile a list of of design requirements. This list presents criteria that must be met in order to achieve succesful implementation of RFID in the OR. Based on the requirements an optimal position of the antenna is chosen above the surgical table, in the center of the plenum ventilation area and on a distance of 1.5 meter of the surgical table. On the basis of the optimal antenna position, an antenna, tag and reader is chosen. The proposed RFID system is tested in the MISIT-lab at the TU Delft and in an OR in RdGG. The goals of the experiments were to visualise the detection field and to compare the effect of the environment on the RFID performance. In the MISIT-lab, the antenna was able to detect a vast majority of t, Biomedical Engineering

In this paper, a compact 13-bit fully passive chipless RFID tag is presented. The overall size of the proposed chipless tag is 16.65 mm x 17 mm. The resonating structure is loaded with thirteen C-shaped nested slots. The presented tag is optimized and analyzed for three distinct substrates that are, Rogers RT/duroid®/5870, Taconic TLX-0 and Rogers RT/duroid®/5880. The articulated tag structure possesses the capability of generating 213= 8192 exclusive IDs for low-cost identification of various objects. Flexibility is achieved using Rogers RT/duroid®/5880 substrate over the aspired frequency band of 3 GHz - 12 GHz. Hence, the robust chipless tag is an ideal choice to be deployed on curved surfaces for different cost effective IoT based industrial applications., QC 20210915

Since 1987, the US Department of Transportation (DOT) has ordered US airlines to report baggage handling statistics. The Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), requests each U.S. carrier to report monthly the total number of passengers enplaned, and the total number of mishandled baggage reports (MBR), including lost, pilfered, damaged and delayed baggage. The U.S. DOT also created a mishandled-baggage rate, which represents the total number of MBRs divided by 1,000 passengers enplaned. This KPI is monthly published at the Air Travel Consumer Report. And it is used worldwide to make comparisons between regions, airports, and airlines, characterizing efficiency and consistency in service and setting a benchmark for the industry. The problem with this indicator created in 1987 is that it only considers passengers, not checked baggage. The customer's behavior has changed a lot after airlines started charging for the checked baggage, influencing KPI results. Therefore, in January 2019 US DOT proposed a new mishandled bags KPI for the airline industry, instead of dividing the original KPI per 1,000 passengers, the new KPI proposes dividing the total number of mishandled baggage report per 1,000 checked baggage. This KPI considers checked bags, correcting this flaw, and creates a more accurate and reliable indicator, avoiding incorrect investment decisions and loss of money. Desde 1987, o Departamento de Transportes dos Estados EUA (DOT) ordena que as companhias aéreas dos EUA reportem as estatísticas de manuseio de bagagem. O Código de Regulamentos Federais (CFR) solicita a cada transportadora dos EUA que reporte mensalmente o número total de passageiros embarcados e o número total de relatórios de bagagem extraviada (MBR), incluindo bagagem perdida, furtada, danificada e atrasada. O DOT dos EUA também criou um índice de bagagem extraviadas, que representa o número total de MBRs dividido por 1.000 passageiros embarcados. Este KPI é publicado mensalmente no Air Travel Consume

Contactless gesture recognition has emerged as a promising technique to enable diverse smart applications, e.g., novel human-machine interaction. Among others, gesture recognition based on radio frequency identification (RFID) is preferred due to its prevalent availability, low cost, and ease in deployment. However, current RFID-based gesture recognition approaches usually use profile template matching to distinguish different gestures, making them suffer from large recognition latency and fail to support real-time applications. In this paper, we propose a real-time and accurate contactless RFID-based gesture recognition approach called ReActor. ReActor uses machine learning rather than time-consuming profile template matching to distinguish different gestures, and thus achieves both very low recognition latency and high recognition accuracy. The major challenge of our approach is to determine a set of suitable attributes that can preserve the profile features of the signals related to different gestures. We combine two types of attributes in ReActor: the statistics of the signal profile that characterize coarse-grained features and the wavelet (transformation) coefficients of the signal profile that characterize fine-grained local features, both of which can be calculated fast. Experimental results demonstrate that ReActor can recognize a gesture with average latency less than 51ms, two orders of magnitude faster than state-of-the-art approaches based on profile template matching. Furthermore, ReActor also achieves higher recognition accuracy than previous works due to its optimized attribute set. © 2019 IEEE.

Bakalářská práce se zabývá problematikou rizika spojeným s přesunem materiálu ve výrobním závodu Kiekert v Přelouči na nesprávné místo. Součástí práce je návrh implementace technologie RFID, která eliminuje odhalené riziko a přinese podniku přehledný a spolehlivý přesun materiálu na příslušnou výrobní linku., The bachelor's thesis deals with the issue of the risk associated with the transfer of material in the factory Kiekert in Přelouč to the wrong place. Part of the thesis is a proposal of implementation of RFID technology, which eliminates the detected risk and brings the company a clear and reliable transfer of material to the relevant production line., Dopravní fakulta Jana Pernera, Student přednesl ucelenou a logicky uspořádanou obhajobu své bakalářské práce. V ní dokázal přesvědčivým způsobem obhájit závěry svých řešení. U doplňkových otázek prokázal schopnost logického myšlení, pohotové reakce, jasného a srozumitelného vysvětlení.

Práce se zaměřuje na implementaci technologie RFID do procesu vychystávání výrobků. Analyzuje současnou identifikaci výrobků a poukazuje na nedostatky. Součástí bakalářské práce je návrh implementace RFID technologie a pick by systému do vychystávacího procesu., The bachelor thesis focuses on the implementation of RFID technology in the picking process. The work analyzes the actual situation of products identification and explains the issue. The third chapter of bachelor thesis is focused on the implementation of RFID technology and pick by systems in picking process., Dopravní fakulta Jana Pernera, Student přednesl ucelenou a logicky uspořádanou obhajobu své bakalářské práce. V ní dokázal přesvědčivým způsobem obhájit závěry svých řešení. U doplňkových otázek prokázal schopnost logického myšlení, pohotové reakce, jasného a srozumitelného vysvětlení., Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobou

A compact, robust, chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) tag is proposed. Resonant elements patterned in a concentric fashion encode data in the spectral domain employing frequency shift encoding. The proposed tag encodes 28.25 data bits over a miniscule physical footprint of 25 x 25 mm(2). The formulated scheme is demonstrated to be viable for encoding of temporal variables. The electromagnetic performance of the presented design is investigated for different laminates: Rogers RT/duroid (R) 5880 and Taconic TLX-0. Multiple tag prototypes employing a variety of substrates are realized and evaluated for in-laboratory performance. The proposed design is compared with existing work reported in literature. Code density of 4.52 bits/cm(2) has been successfully achieved. The tag design operates from 3.07 to 10.6 GHz and is readily realizable on flexible laminates. Smart retail, intelligent packaging, adaptive ticketing, and similar time-related applications can be materialized using the proposed tag., QC 20181001

The cost of packets or pallets handling at the studied freight company has increased considerable through the years due to increase in online shopping. As a result of this, the company has tried different methods of processing packets and pallets at the warehouse without effective result. The primary aim of the study is to analyze communication and collaboration of information in the warehouse and come up with a possible improvement suggestion to the multinational freight company. The result from the analysis shows the weak points in information sharing between different areas of warehouse operations of the multinational freight company. The outcome of the study recommends use of information technology such as Radio Frequency Identification and Wireless Sensor Network. The recommendation will allow extension of information sharing to all processes involved in packets or pallets handling at the warehouse.

RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is a technology for automatic identification and capture of data used to monitor information along the supply chain, able to track assets and people, and more recently in the healthcare. In healthcare industry, RFID has come up with great potential not only for the ability to locate people and equipment in real time, but also in providing access to clinical data to professionals accurately, in addition to improving the processes involved in management of assets, patients and staff involved. The present work searches through a systematic mapping review, to show which journals, countries and keywords are most relevant, regarding RFID in the treatment of health., A RFID (Radio Frequency Identification/ Identificação por Rádio Frequência) é uma tecnologia de identificação e captura automática de dados utilizada para monitorar informações ao longo da cadeia de suprimentos, capaz de rastrear ativos e pessoas e mais recentemente na área da saúde. As aplicações na indústria tratamento da saúde, a RFID surgiu com grande potencial não somente pela capacidade de localizar pessoas e equipamentos em tempo real, mas também em proporcionar acesso a dados clínicos para os profissionais de forma precisa, além da melhoria dos processos envolvidos na gestão de ativos, pacientes e equipe envolvida. O presente trabalho busca através de uma revisão de mapeamento sistemático, demonstrar quais são os periódicos, países e palavras-chave mais relevantes, com relação a RFID no tratamento da saúde.

Radio Frequency Identification, or RFID, has been gaining momentum within the aviation industry for improving efficiencies in the supply chain. RFID technology is not new, with many manufacturers outside of aviation being more responsive as early adopters to the technology. Currently, many of the full-scale implementation organizations from late adopters, have strategically integrated RFID technology into the manufacturing supply chain to tag parts and for airports/airlines to track baggage and passengers throughout their airport journey. Literature remains rather sparse in the implementation and success factors within the aviation supply chain as a number of businesses have kept much of the details discreet to differentiate themselves from the competitors. In this case study, we have examined the state of the early adopters in aviation to implement RFID technology into their supply chain for tracking parts, identifying information, logistics media, and other process improvements in component maintenance management. Airbus, who was the first in the aviation industry to adopt RFID will be examined. The paper examines the increasing numbers of airports/airlines use of RFID to track baggage and passengers with technology. Using information from published secondary data, we review the early adopters of RFID in aircraft manufacturing who are employing RFID to the improve supply chain and how airports/airlines usage of RFID has transcend to passenger tracking to improve airport operational efficiency and to increase passenger satisfaction. By identifying key trends in the aviation supply chain and the value-added in manufacturing and passenger experiences, this paper presents areas in need of further empirical research in order to understand the key success factors with RFID implementation in aviation.

Near Field Communication (NFC) technology is a short-range, wireless communication technology that transfers data between two chips while they remain in close proximity with one another. We applied NFC technology across the library and campus in a variety of contexts to promote digital resources, collections, and services. Our @FIULibraries: Tap, Scan, Read project marries digital resources with physical objects, allowing library users to access digital materials and information in a flash. The project has evolved into a multifaceted endeavor that includes smart posters, e-resource cards, a course reserves binder, library displays, and wayfinding tools. Project details are available in our @FIULibraries: Tap, Scan, Read LibGuide (https://libguides.fiu.edu/nfc). With the tap of an NFC-equipped device, students can access an ebook, watch a video, or contact a librarian instantly! To enhance usability, we integrated QR codes and short URLs into the materials, which works seamlessly alongside the newer NFC technology. Thanks to the use of NFC technology, usage of our library’s resources and services in the areas incorporating this technology skyrocketed, increasing circulation and use of both our physical and digital resources. This parallels current industry trends, which encourage increased development, including an expansion of NFC capabilities throughout the Apple ecosystem. Objectives: (1) explain what Near Field Communication (NFC) technology is, (2) provide instructions on how to create NFC-enabled library resources and services, (3) demonstrate an application of NFC technology in the library setting, and (4) discuss the impact of NFC technology on usage of library resources and services.

A single layer coaxial fed rectangular microstrip slotted antenna for circular polarization (CP) is proposed for radio frequency identification (RFID) application. Two triangular shaped slots and one rectangular slot along the diagonal axis of a square patch have been embedded. Due to slotted structure along the diagonal axis and less surface area, good quality of circular polarization has been obtained with the reduction in the size of microstrip antenna by 4.04 %. Circular polarization radiation performance has been studied by size and angle variation of diagonally slotted structures. The experimental result found for 10-dB return loss is 44 MHz with 10MHz of 3dB Axial Ratio (AR) bandwidth respectively at the resonant frequency 910 MHz. The overall proposed antenna size including the ground plane is 80 mm x 80 mm x 4.572 mm.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the present status of RFID application,benefitsrealisedafterimplementing RFID, problems faced during RFID adoption and its implementation in the libraries andinformationcentresofNorthern India. The survey method of research was adopted in this research. In order to assess the required information about the implementation of RFID technology from the librarian/Inchargeof the library of the nine selected institutions of Northern India, the data was collected through a questionnaire method. Moreover, the respondents were also interviewed to obtain more information.The present study shows that all the selected libraries in Northern India are in the initial stages of RFID implementation and they are realizing the benefits of its implementation which include reductioninqueueat circulation desk /counter, extended hours of circulation without additional staff, library collection has become more secure, etc. At the same time, library staff is facing some problems with the use of RFID technology. The present study is limited to the Central, State and Deemed universities recognised by the UGC and IITs situated in Northern region of India which have implemented RFID in their libraries. Further, due to time and cost restrictions, it was not possible to cover all type of institutions.It is hoped that the outcome of the present study will give some useful suggestions/recommendations to the librarians who have implemented RFID technology in terms of its better utilisation and at the same time, it will also help the librarians who want to implement RFID system in their libraries.After an extensive review of literature, it was found that only a few studies related to the use of RFID in Indian libraries has been undertaken so far. Hence, the present study is very timely and fruitful to examine the application of RFID technology in libraries and information centres of Northern India, as the libraries and information centres in this region are

A 27-bit circular shaped, highly-dense, fully printable chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) tag is presented in this letter. High data capacity is provided in a compact size. The total dimension of the tag is 22 × 22mm2. For exciting the tag, the linearly polarized incident plane wave is used. The circular shaped tag structure is analyzed for three different substrates, i.e., Rogers RT/duroid®/5870, Taconic TLX-0 and DuPont™ Kapton® HN. The spectral range for Rogers RT/duroid®/5870 is 3.3-13.5 GHz, 3.4-13.6 GHz for Taconic TLX-0 and 3.7-15.1 GHz for DuPont™ Kapton® HN substrate. Flexibility is achieved by using Kapton® HN substrate. The presented tag is low-cost and flexible; hence it can be easily deployed on wide range of objects., QC 20171030

Laying hens in free-range housing systems are often considered by consumers to live a more natural life, be happier, and have better welfare than hens in other housing systems, primarily due having access to an outdoor range. However, the behaviour and welfare of hens in commercial free-range housing systems is poorly understood. This thesis aimed to gain a better understanding of hen behaviour and welfare on commercial laying hen farms in Australia. Chapters 2 and 3 of this thesis examined hen behaviour in the outdoor range in relation to natural range features to gain an understanding of both preference for different range features, and daily behavioural time budgets. The results showed that hens displayed clear preference for some areas of the range over others depending on the environment, and that the most preferred area mimicked the dense forested natural habitat of their wild counterparts. Additionally, the areas that hens were most attracted to also allowed hens to perform a wider variety of behaviours throughout the day. Generally, the time budget of laying hens observed in these studies went from active behaviours in the morning and evening (foraging, walking), and resting behaviours during the middle of the day (preening, resting, perching). This suggests that the number of hens in the range could be increased by providing areas hens prefer, and hen distribution could be improved through range design. In Chapter 4, hens preference for artificial structures based on three principles of design (height, orientation, and visual density) was tested. Hen preference varied according to all principles with a three-way interaction. Hens preferred structures that had the greatest visual density, provided both overhead and vertical cover, and were lower to the ground. The behaviours hens performed around these structures also varied depending on the principle, however, the number of behaviours observed was fewer than seen in the first two studies. Artificial structu

A single layer coaxial fed rectangular microstrip slotted antenna for circular polarization (CP) is proposed for radio frequency identification (RFID) application. Two triangular shaped slots and one rectangular slot along the diagonal axis of a square patch have been embedded. Due to slotted structure along the diagonal axis and less surface area, good quality of circular polarization has been obtained with the reduction in the size of microstrip antenna by 4.04 %. Circular polarization radiation performance has been studied by size and angle variation of diagonally slotted structures. The experimental result found for 10-dB return loss is 44 MHz with 10MHz of 3dB Axial Ratio (AR) bandwidth respectively at the resonant frequency 910 MHz. The overall proposed antenna size including the ground plane is 80 mm x 80 mm x 4.572 mm.