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23 results on '"Rahim, H."'

1. Data normalization methods of hybridized multi-stage feature selection classification for 5G base station antenna health effect detection

Author

Sofri, T. (Tasneem), Rahim, H. A. (Hasliza A), Andrew, A. M. (Allan Melvin), Soh, P. J. (Ping Jack), Kamarudin, L. M. (Latifah Munirah), Hiromitsu, N. (Nishizaki), Sofri, T. (Tasneem), Rahim, H. A. (Hasliza A), Andrew, A. M. (Allan Melvin), Soh, P. J. (Ping Jack), Kamarudin, L. M. (Latifah Munirah), and Hiromitsu, N. (Nishizaki)

Abstract

It is essential to assess human exposure to Fifth Generation (5G) Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field (RF-EMF) signal from Base Station (BS) sources operating at Low Band 5G at 700 MHz, Sub-6 Band 5G at 3.5 GHz, and Millimeter Wave (mmWave) 5G at 28 GHz. This assessment will help determine whether 5G technology is safe for people. Inconsistent results were found in previous epidemiological studies on the health effects of radiation exposure from Mobile Phones (MP) and BS when normalization methods were used to prepare the data for Machine Learning (ML), which could lead to misclassification because of the dataset’s quality. The effects on adult health are assessed in terms of physiological parameters (body temperature, heart rates, and blood pressure), cognitive performance (brain memory, motor control, and attention), Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) for well-being parameter, and Electromagnetic Field (EMF) perception parameter. The purpose of the research was to identify changes in the physiological parameters of adult individuals before, during, or after exposure to 5G signals, including Sham (No Exposure). 12 normalization methods are selected which are Z-score normalization (z score), Linear scaling (LS), Binary normalization (BNN), Bipolar normalization (BPN), Min-Max scaling (MMS), t-score normalization (t score), Decimal Inverse Logarithmic Scaled Normalization (DILSN), Relative Mean Normalization (RMN), Relative Standard Deviation Normalization (RSDN), Variation Normalization (VN), Robust Normalization (RN) and Relative Interquartile Normalization (RIN) and based on their F-value and p-value analyses, the three best normalization techniques are selected in this research. The original distribution of each parameter data variable is different, these techniques are beneficial for converting data so that it is dimensionless and has equivalent distributions. Based on the selection criteria for the hybridized Multi-Stage Feature Selection (MSFS) classificat

Published
2023

2. Microstrip sensor based on ring resonator coupled with double square split ring resonator for solid material permittivity characterization

Author

Masrakin, K. (Khuzairi), Ibrahim, S. Z. (Siti Zuraidah), Rahim, H. A. (Hasliza A.), Azemi, S. N. (Saidatul Norlyana), Soh, P. J. (Ping Jack), Tantiviwat, S. (Sugchai), Masrakin, K. (Khuzairi), Ibrahim, S. Z. (Siti Zuraidah), Rahim, H. A. (Hasliza A.), Azemi, S. N. (Saidatul Norlyana), Soh, P. J. (Ping Jack), and Tantiviwat, S. (Sugchai)

Abstract

This paper analyzes a microwave resonator sensor based on a square split-ring resonator operating at 5.122 GHz for permittivity characterization of a material under test (MUT). A single-ring square resonator edge (S-SRR) is coupled with several double-split square ring resonators to form the structure (D-SRR). The function of the S-SRR is to generate a resonant at the center frequency, whereas D-SRRs function as sensors, with their resonant frequency being very sensitive to changes in the MUT’s permittivity. In a traditional S-SRR, a gap emerges between the ring and the feed line to improve the Q-factor, but the loss increases as a result of the mismatched coupling of the feed lines. To provide adequate matching, the microstrip feed line is directly connected to the single-ring resonator in this article. The S-SRR’s operation switches from passband to stopband by generating edge coupling with dual D-SRRs located vertically on both sides of the S-SRR. The proposed sensor was designed, fabricated, and tested to effectively identify the dielectric properties of three MUTs (Taconic-TLY5, Rogers 4003C, and FR4) by measuring the microwave sensor’s resonant frequency. When the MUT is applied to the structure, the measured findings indicate a change in resonance frequency. The primary constraint of the sensor is that it can only be modeled for materials with a permittivity ranging from 1.0 to 5.0. The proposed sensors’ acceptable performance was achieved through simulation and measurement in this paper. Although the simulated and measured resonance frequencies have shifted, mathematical models have been developed to minimize the difference and obtain greater accuracy with a sensitivity of 3.27. Hence, resonance sensors offer a mechanism for characterizing the dielectric characteristics of varied permittivity of solid materials.

Published
2023

3. The effects of selective logging methods on hydrological parameters in Peninsular Malaysia

Author

Nik, Abdul Rahim H.

Subjects
634.9, Tropical rainforest hydrology
Abstract

An experimental forest watershed, consisting of three small catchments at Berembun, Negeri Sembilan, in Peninsular Malaysia has been monitored from 1979 to 1987. Adequate instruments were installed for continuous collection of hydrologic and climatic data. The calibration and post-treatment phases lasted for three and four years respectively. Two types of treatments were imposed -namely commercial selective logging and supervised selective logging in catchment 1 and catchment 3 whilst catchment 2 remained as a control. Pertinent logging guidelines were prescribed and assessed in C3 in terms of hydrological responses. Significant water yield increases were observed after forest treatment in both catchments amounting to 165 mm (70%) and 87 mm (37%) respectively in the first year; increases persisted to the fourth year after treatment. Magnitude and rate of water yield increase primarily depended on the amount of forest removed and the prevailing rainfall regime and the increase was largely associated with baseflow augmentation. Interestingly, both types of selective loggings produced no significant effect on peak discharge while the commercial logging resulted in a significant increase in stormflow volume and initial discharge. Such responses can be explained by the extensive nature of selective logging which normally left a substantial area of forest intact and minimal disturbance to flow channels. Thus, conservation measures introduced in this study - the use of buffer strips, cross drains, an appropriate percentage for the forest road network,- were found to be effective and beneficial in ameliorating the hydrological impacts.

Published
1990

5. Lessons learned from conducting a study of emotions and positive personality change in Syrian origin young adults who have recently resettled in the Netherlands

Author

Chung, JM, Meijer, L, Zonneveld, R, Al Sawaf, Z, Alajak, K, Moopen, N, Rahim, H, Çiftçi, L, Alisic, E, Stellar, JE, Mooren, T, Sleijpen, M, Tešanovic, T, Al Baker, H, Dali, R, Papadantonaki, M, Papakosta, N, Antink, M, Charisopoulou, S, Frens, M, O’Connor, S, Taşfiliz, D, Laceulle, OM, Chung, JM, Meijer, L, Zonneveld, R, Al Sawaf, Z, Alajak, K, Moopen, N, Rahim, H, Çiftçi, L, Alisic, E, Stellar, JE, Mooren, T, Sleijpen, M, Tešanovic, T, Al Baker, H, Dali, R, Papadantonaki, M, Papakosta, N, Antink, M, Charisopoulou, S, Frens, M, O’Connor, S, Taşfiliz, D, and Laceulle, OM

Abstract

Post-traumatic growth is a compelling idea, yet extant research has often employed retrospective reports of change, rather than examining change over time. Research on samples of people that are traditionally seen as hard-to-reach are rare within personality psychology. In Karakter, we assessed a sample of Syrian origin young adults who recently resettled in the Netherlands (initial N = 168) four times over a 13-month period to examine experiences of adversity, emotions, and positive personality change. Here, we provide a detailed narrative of the research process, beginning with a description of how we incorporated open science practices in Karakter. We then turn to a discussion of the changes, challenges, and opportunities we encountered in the research. In doing so, we discuss conceptual and methodological considerations when examining personality change. We close with suggestions for researchers who are interested in conducting similar studies with populations that are underrecruited in the future.

Published
2022

6. Radiation pattern reconfigurable MIMO antenna with practical DC bias network

Author

Gopalakrishnan, J. B. (Jaya Bharath), Sabapathy, T. (Thennarasan), Jusoh, M. (Muzammil), Rahim, H. A. (Hasliza A.), Kamarudin, M. R. (Muhammad Ramlee), Soh, P. J. (Ping Jack), Gopalakrishnan, J. B. (Jaya Bharath), Sabapathy, T. (Thennarasan), Jusoh, M. (Muzammil), Rahim, H. A. (Hasliza A.), Kamarudin, M. R. (Muhammad Ramlee), and Soh, P. J. (Ping Jack)

Abstract

This paper presents a radiation pattern reconfigurable (RPR) based multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna. The proposed antenna operates at 3.5 GHz for all switching conditions with S21 results of less than -20 dB. This work specifically focuses on implementing a practical DC bias network for the previously proposed RPR-MIMO antenna. The DC bias design is crucial where the tilt angle is slightly affected. This could be due to the isolation loss and insertion loss provided by the actual switch; and the DC bias lines that were constructed using a few DC blocking capacitors and RF chokes. Finally, a comprehensive analysis was carried out to examine the beam steering performance of the antenna when implemented with the DC bias network.

Published
2022

7. Health effects of 5G base station exposure:a systematic review

Author

Sofri, T. (Tasneem), Rahim, H. A. (Hasliza A.), Abdulmalek, M. (Mohamedfareq), Rani, K. A. (Khatijahhusna Abd), Omar, M. H. (Mohd Hafizi), Yasin, M. N. (Mohd Najib Mohd), Jusoh, M. (Muzammil), Soh, P. J. (Ping Jack), Sofri, T. (Tasneem), Rahim, H. A. (Hasliza A.), Abdulmalek, M. (Mohamedfareq), Rani, K. A. (Khatijahhusna Abd), Omar, M. H. (Mohd Hafizi), Yasin, M. N. (Mohd Najib Mohd), Jusoh, M. (Muzammil), and Soh, P. J. (Ping Jack)

Abstract

The Fifth Generation (5G) communication technology will deliver faster data speeds and support numerous new applications such as virtual and augmented reality. The additional need for a larger number of 5G base stations has sparked widespread public concerns about their possible negative health impacts. This review analyzes the latest research on electromagnetic exposure on humans, with particular attention to its effect on cognitive performance, well-being, physiological parameters, and Electroencephalography (EEG). While most of their results indicated no changes in cognitive function, physiological parameters, or overall well-being, the strength of the EEG alpha wave is noticed to vary depending on various aspects of cognitive functions. However, the available studies have not investigated the health effects resulting from exposure from the 5G mobile phone and base station antennas from 700 MHz to 30 GHz on the cognitive performance, well-being subjective symptoms, human physiological parameters, and EEG of adults. There is a need for such research regarding this current emerging technology. Such studies are significant in determining whether 5G technology is indeed safe for humans.

Published
2022

8. A negative index nonagonal CSRR metamaterial-based compact flexible planar monopole antenna for ultrawideband applications using viscose-wool felt

Author

Hossain, K. (Kabir), Sabapathy, T. (Thennarasan), Jusoh, M. (Muzammil), Abdelghany, M. A. (Mahmoud A.), Soh, P. J. (Ping Jack), Osman, M. N. (Mohamed Nasrun), Yasin, M. N. (Mohd Najib Mohd), Rahim, H. A. (Hasliza A.), Al-Bawri, S. S. (Samir Salem), Hossain, K. (Kabir), Sabapathy, T. (Thennarasan), Jusoh, M. (Muzammil), Abdelghany, M. A. (Mahmoud A.), Soh, P. J. (Ping Jack), Osman, M. N. (Mohamed Nasrun), Yasin, M. N. (Mohd Najib Mohd), Rahim, H. A. (Hasliza A.), and Al-Bawri, S. S. (Samir Salem)

Abstract

In this paper, a compact textile ultrawideband (UWB) planar monopole antenna loaded with a metamaterial unit cell array (MTMUCA) structure with epsilon-negative (ENG) and near-zero refractive index (NZRI) properties is proposed. The proposed MTMUCA was constructed based on a combination of a rectangular- and a nonagonal-shaped unit cell. The size of the antenna was 0.825 λ0 × 0.75 λ0 × 0.075 λ0, whereas each MTMUCA was sized at 0.312 λ0 × 0.312 λ0, with respect to a free space wavelength of 7.5 GHz. The antenna was fabricated using viscose-wool felt due to its strong metal–polymer adhesion. A naturally available polymer, wool, and a human-made polymer, viscose, that was derived from regenerated cellulose fiber were used in the manufacturing of the adopted viscose-wool felt. The MTMUCA exhibits the characteristics of ENG, with a bandwidth (BW) of 11.68 GHz and an NZRI BW of 8.5 GHz. The MTMUCA was incorporated on the planar monopole to behave as a shunt LC resonator, and its working principles were described using an equivalent circuit. The results indicate a 10 dB impedance fractional bandwidth of 142% (from 2.55 to 15 GHz) in simulations, and 138.84% (from 2.63 to 14.57 GHz) in measurements obtained by the textile UWB antenna. A peak realized gain of 4.84 dBi and 4.4 dBi was achieved in simulations and measurements, respectively. A satisfactory agreement between simulations and experiments was achieved, indicating the potential of the proposed negative index metamaterial-based antenna for microwave applications.

Published
2021

9. The relationship between post migration living problems, social support, rumination, self-esteem and depression mediated by self-esteem in international students in the Netherlands.

Author

Serna-Borja Sanchez, M., Rahim, H. (Thesis Advisor), Serna-Borja Sanchez, M., and Rahim, H. (Thesis Advisor)

Abstract

Objectives Previous research indicated that more post migration living problems (PMLP), lower levels of social support and higher levels of rumination increased the risk for depression in international students. Lower self-esteem has also shown to be a predictor in developing depression. The present cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between post migration living problems, social support, rumination and depression mediated by self-esteem in an international student population in the Netherlands. We hypothesized that more PMLP’s, lower levels of social support and higher levels of rumination would lead to higher levels of depression. Our study was the first to explore the associations between PMLP’s, social support, rumination and depression via self-esteem. Methods A sample of 76 international students (58% males, age range 18-26 years) living in the Netherlands completed the Post Migration Living Problems checklist (PMLP-C), the Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ), Rumination Response Scale (RRS) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI). Results Our results revealed that more PMLPs, lower levels of social support and higher levels of rumination were associated with increased risk of depression. Multiple linear regression analysis confirmed that PMLP does not directly affect depression levels, and that rumination and self-esteem have both a significant positive impact on depression level, whereas social support has a significant negative impact on level of depression. Mediation analysis showed that when going through the mediator, PMLP’s and rumination increased, self-esteem decreased, and depression levels increased. As social support increased, self-esteem decreased, and depression levels decreased. Finally, high levels of rumination found to decrease self-esteem and increase depression levels. Conclusions The results support the notion that navigating through adaptations to the Netherlands as a student come with

Published
2021

10. Beam steering investigation on multiple antenna system using radiation pattern reconfigurable array

Author

Bharat, J. (Jaya), Sabapath, T. (Thennarasan), Jusoh, M. (Muzammil), Rahim, H. A. (Hasliza A.), Kamarudin, M. R. (Muhammad Ramlee), Soh, P. J. (Ping Jack), Bharat, J. (Jaya), Sabapath, T. (Thennarasan), Jusoh, M. (Muzammil), Rahim, H. A. (Hasliza A.), Kamarudin, M. R. (Muhammad Ramlee), and Soh, P. J. (Ping Jack)

Abstract

In this research, a radiation pattern reconfigurable (RPR) based multiple antenna was designed using a compact combination of a driven element and parasitic elements that operates at 3.5 GHz. The proposed antenna has the ability to change the radiation behavior to serve the user with better performance. The radiation characteristic of the antenna, especially the tilt angle could be reconfigured with the use of RF switches. The multiple antenna was designed on 94.4 mm x 110 mm Rogers substrate. First, an RPR antenna that uses parasitic patch array antenna was designed as a single element. Then this RPR was deployed as 2 x 1 RPR MIMO antenna using two types of configurations. Finally, the analysis showed that the multiple antenna arrangement using configuration II provides better results in terms of steering angle and gain.

Published
2021

11. The relationship between body dissatisfaction and sexual dysfunction: The mediating role of depression.

Author

Groot, L. de, Rahim, H, (Thesis Advisor), Groot, L. de, and Rahim, H, (Thesis Advisor)

Abstract

Sexual dysfunction, which can be referred to as decreased desire, insufficient sexual arousal, delayed or absent orgasm, or a combination of the above, is a common problem in men and women. Since sexual dysfunction can affect interpersonal relationships and lower quality of life, identifying determining factors and mechanisms that impact sexual dysfunction is important. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between body dissatisfaction and sexual dysfunction, and the mediating role of depression in this relationship. Additionally, the moderating role of gender was taken into account. In total, 91 participants completed an online questionnaire assessing body dissatisfaction, depression, and sexual dysfunction. Data were analyzed by means of regression and bootstrap analyses. The results revealed that higher levels of body dissatisfaction were associated with greater sexual dysfunction. However, for both men and women, depression did not mediate the relationship between body dissatisfaction and sexual dysfunction. These findings suggest that including body image interventions into the treatment of sexual dysfunctions would be valuable. Future research is needed to clarify the role of depression in the context of body image and sexual dysfunction.

Published
2020

12. Title thesis: * Exploring the relationship between Cultural Identity Conflict and psychological wellbeing, mediated by self-esteem and life satisfaction in bicultural individuals

Author

Heemstra, L., Rahim, H. (Thesis Advisor), Heemstra, L., and Rahim, H. (Thesis Advisor)

Abstract

Bicultural individuals (biculturals) are individuals that have multiple cultural backgrounds (Benet-Martínez et al., 2002). Research has shown that biculturality is associated with positive outcomes such as cultural sensitivity, more social skills, and greater creativity (Bell & Harrison, 1996; Lafromboise et al., 1993; Yamaguchi et al., 2016). However, research shows that biculturality has also been associated to more psychological symptoms such as suicidality ideation, depression, somatic symptoms, isolation, and higher levels of anxiety; this has also been shown among young adults (18-35) (Bhugra et al., 2014; Farver et al., 2002; Fortuna et al., 2005; Piña-Watson et al., 2015; Stroink & Lalonde, 2009a, 2009b; Wei et al., 2010). There is little insight into factors that contribute to the elevated risk of poor mental health. One of these factors seems to be Cultural Identity Conflict (CIC). Since the relation between CIC and mental health has been supported several times (eg., Lam, 2006; Mok & Morris, 2010; Piña-Watson et al., 2013; Stroink & Lalonde, 2009a; Toomey et al., 2013; Yamaguchi et al., 2016), no explanations of this relationship have been explored yet. The first aim of the study was to examine the relationship between CIC and psychological wellbeing. The second aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of self-esteem and life satisfaction in the linkage between CIC and psychological wellbeing; this was measured by doing a serial mediation using Hayes Process, model 6. Results showed that both self-esteem and life satisfaction are mediators in this relationship.

Published
2020

13. Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol

Author

Taddei, C. (Cristina), Zhou, B. (Bin), Bixby, H. (Honor), Carrillo-Larco, R. M. (Rodrigo M.), Danaei, G. (Goodarz), Jackson, R. T. (Rod T.), Farzadfar, F. (Farshad), Sophiea, M. K. (Marisa K.), Di Cesare, M. (Mariachiara), Iurilli, M. L. (Maria Laura Caminia), Martinez, A. R. (Andrea Rodriguez), Asghari, G. (Golaleh), Dhana, K. (Klodian), Gulayin, P. (Pablo), Kakarmath, S. (Sujay), Santero, M. (Marilina), Voortman, T. (Trudy), Riley, L. M. (Leanne M.), Cowan, M. J. (Melanie J.), Savin, S. (Stefan), Bennett, J. E. (James E.), Stevens, G. A. (Gretchen A.), Paciorek, C. J. (Christopher J.), Aekplakorn, W. (Wichai), Cifkova, R. (Renata), Giampaoli, S. (Simona), Kengne, A. P. (Andre Pascal), Khang, Y.-H. (Young-Ho), Kuulasmaa, K. (Kari), Laxmaiah, A. (Avula), Margozzini, P. (Paula), Mathur, P. (Prashant), Nordestgaard, B. G. (Borge G.), Zhao, D. (Dong), Aadahl, M. (Mette), Abarca-Gomez, L. (Leandra), Rahim, H. A. (Hanan Abdul), Abu-Rmeileh, N. M. (Niveen M.), Acosta-Cazares, B. (Benjamin), Adams, R. J. (Robert J.), Agdeppa, I. A. (Imelda A.), Aghazadeh-Attari, J. (Javad), Aguilar-Salinas, C. A. (Carlos A.), Agyemang, C. (Charles), Ahluwalia, T. S. (Tarunveer S.), Ahmad, N. A. (Noor Ani), Ahmadi, A. (Ali), Ahmadi, N. (Naser), Ahmed, S. H. (Soheir H.), Ahrens, W. (Wolfgang), Ajlouni, K. (Kamel), Alarouj, M. (Monira), AlBuhairan, F. (Fadia), AlDhukair, S. (Shahla), Ali, M. M. (Mohamed M.), Alkandari, A. (Abdullah), Alkerwi, A. (Ala'a), Aly, E. (Eman), Amarapurkar, D. N. (Deepak N.), Amouyel, P. (Philippe), Andersen, L. B. (Lars Bo), Anderssen, S. A. (Sigmund A.), Anjana, R. M. (Ranjit Mohan), Ansari-Moghaddam, A. (Alireza), Aounallah-Skhiri, H. (Hajer), Araujo, J. (Joana), Ariansen, I. (Inger), Aris, T. (Tahir), Arku, R. E. (Raphael E.), Arlappa, N. (Nimmathota), Aryal, K. K. (Krishna K.), Aspelund, T. (Thor), Assuncao, M. C. (Maria Cecilia F.), Auvinen, J. (Juha), Avdicova, M. (Maria), Azevedo, A. (Ana), Azizi, F. (Fereidoun), Azmin, M. (Mehrdad), Balakrishna, N. (Nagalla), Bamoshmoosh, M. (Mohamed), Banach, M. (Maciej), Bandosz, P. (Piotr), Banegas, J. R. (Jose R.), Barbagallo, C. M. (Carlo M.), Barcelo, A. (Alberto), Barkat, A. (Amina), Bata, I. (Iqbal), Batieha, A. M. (Anwar M.), Batyrbek, A. (Assembekov), Baur, L. A. (Louise A.), Beaglehole, R. (Robert), Belavendra, A. (Antonisamy), Ben Romdhane, H. (Habiba), Benet, M. (Mikhail), Benn, M. (Marianne), Berkinbayev, S. (Salim), Bernabe-Ortiz, A. (Antonio), Bernotiene, G. (Gailute), Bettiol, H. (Heloisa), Bhargava, S. K. (Santosh K.), Bi, Y. (Yufang), Bienek, A. (Asako), Bikbov, M. (Mukharram), Bista, B. (Bihungum), Bjerregaard, P. (Peter), Bjertness, E. (Espen), Bjertness, M. B. (Marius B.), Bjorkelund, C. (Cecilia), Bloch, K. V. (Katia, V), Blokstra, A. (Anneke), Bo, S. (Simona), Boehm, B. O. (Bernhard O.), Boggia, J. G. (Jose G.), Boissonnet, C. P. (Carlos P.), Bonaccio, M. (Marialaura), Bongard, V. (Vanina), Borchini, R. (Rossana), Borghs, H. (Herman), Bovet, P. (Pascal), Brajkovich, I. (Imperia), Breckenkamp, J. (Juergen), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Brewster, L. M. (Lizzy M.), Bruno, G. (Graziella), Bugge, A. (Anna), Busch, M. A. (Markus A.), de Leon, A. C. (Antonio Cabrera), Cacciottolo, J. (Joseph), Can, G. (Gunay), Candido, A. P. (Ana Paula C.), Capanzana, M. V. (Mario, V), Capuano, E. (Eduardo), Capuano, V. (Vincenzo), Cardoso, V. C. (Viviane C.), Carvalho, J. (Joana), Casanueva, F. F. (Felipe F.), Censi, L. (Laura), Chadjigeorgiou, C. A. (Charalambos A.), Chamukuttan, S. (Snehalatha), Chaturvedi, N. (Nish), Chen, C.-J. (Chien-Jen), Chen, F. (Fangfang), Chen, S. (Shuohua), Cheng, C.-Y. (Ching-Yu), Cheraghian, B. (Bahman), Chetrit, A. (Angela), Chiou, S.-T. (Shu-Ti), Chirlaque, M.-D. (Maria-Dolores), Cho, B. (Belong), Cho, Y. (Yumi), Chudek, J. (Jerzy), Claessens, F. (Frank), Clarke, J. (Janine), Clays, E. (Els), Concin, H. (Hans), Confortin, S. C. (Susana C.), Cooper, C. (Cyrus), Costanzo, S. (Simona), Cottel, D. (Dominique), Cowell, C. (Chris), Crujeiras, A. B. (Ana B.), Csilla, S. (Semanova), Cui, L. (Liufu), Cureau, F. V. (Felipe, V), D'Arrigo, G. (Graziella), d'Orsi, E. (Eleonora), Dallongeville, J. (Jean), Damasceno, A. (Albertino), Dankner, R. (Rachel), Dantoft, T. M. (Thomas M.), Dauchet, L. (Luc), Davletov, K. (Kairat), De Backer, G. (Guy), De Bacquer, D. (Dirk), de Gaetano, G. (Giovanni), De Henauw, S. (Stefaan), de Oliveira, P. D. (Paula Duarte), De Ridder, D. (David), De Smedt, D. (Delphine), Deepa, M. (Mohan), Deev, A. D. (Alexander D.), Dehghan, A. (Abbas), Delisle, H. (Helene), Dennison, E. (Elaine), Deschamps, V. (Valerie), Dhimal, M. (Meghnath), Di Castelnuovo, A. F. (Augusto F.), Dika, Z. (Zivka), Djalalinia, S. (Shirin), Dobson, A. J. (Annette J.), Donfrancesco, C. (Chiara), Donoso, S. P. (Silvana P.), Doring, A. (Angela), Dorobantu, M. (Maria), Dragano, N. (Nico), Drygas, W. (Wojciech), Du, Y. (Yong), Duante, C. A. (Charmaine A.), Duda, R. B. (Rosemary B.), Dzerve, V. (Vilnis), Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, E. (Elzbieta), Eddie, R. (Ricky), Eftekhar, E. (Ebrahim), Eggertsen, R. (Robert), Eghtesad, S. (Sareh), Eiben, G. (Gabriele), Ekelund, U. (Ulf), El Ati, J. (Jalila), Eldemire-Shearer, D. (Denise), Eliasen, M. (Marie), Elosua, R. (Roberto), Erasmus, R. T. (Rajiv T.), Erbel, R. (Raimund), Erem, C. (Cihangir), Eriksen, L. (Louise), Eriksson, J. G. (Johan G.), Escobedo-de la Pena, J. (Jorge), Eslami, S. (Saeid), Esmaeili, A. (Ali), Evans, A. (Alun), Faeh, D. (David), Fall, C. H. (Caroline H.), Faramarzi, E. (Elnaz), Farjam, M. (Mojtaba), Fattahi, M. R. (Mohammad Reza), Felix-Redondo, F. J. (Francisco J.), Ferguson, T. S. (Trevor S.), Fernandez-Berges, D. (Daniel), Ferrante, D. (Daniel), Ferrari, M. (Marika), Ferreccio, C. (Catterina), Ferrieres, J. (Jean), Foger, B. (Bernhard), Foo, L. H. (Leng Huat), Forslund, A.-S. (Ann-Sofie), Forsner, M. (Maria), Fouad, H. M. (Heba M.), Francis, D. K. (Damian K.), Franco, M. d. (Maria do Carmo), Franco, O. H. (Oscar H.), Frontera, G. (Guillermo), Fujita, Y. (Yuki), Fumihiko, M. (Matsuda), Furusawa, T. (Takuro), Gaciong, Z. (Zbigniew), Galvano, F. (Fabio), Gao, J. (Jingli), Garcia-de-la-Hera, M. (Manoli), Garnett, S. P. (Sarah P.), Gaspoz, J.-M. (Jean-Michel), Gasull, M. (Magda), Gazzinelli, A. (Andrea), Geleijnse, J. M. (Johanna M.), Ghanbari, A. (Ali), Ghasemi, E. (Erfan), Gheorghe-Fronea, O.-F. (Oana-Florentina), Ghimire, A. (Anup), Gianfagna, F. (Francesco), Gill, T. K. (Tiffany K.), Giovannelli, J. (Jonathan), Gironella, G. (Glen), Giwercman, A. (Aleksander), Goltzman, D. (David), Goncalves, H. (Helen), Gonzalez-Chica, D. A. (David A.), Gonzalez-Gross, M. (Marcela), Gonzalez-Rivas, J. P. (Juan P.), Gonzalez-Villalpando, C. (Clicerio), Gonzalez-Villalpando, M.-E. (Maria-Elena), Gonzalez, A. R. (Angel R.), Gottrand, F. (Frederic), Graff-Iversen, S. (Sidsel), Gregor, R. D. (Ronald D.), Grodzicki, T. (Tomasz), Grontved, A. (Anders), Grosso, G. (Giuseppe), Gruden, G. (Gabriella), Gu, D. (Dongfeng), Guallar-Castillon, P. (Pilar), Guan, O. P. (Ong Peng), Gudmundsson, E. F. (Elias F.), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Guerrero, R. (Ramiro), Guessous, I. (Idris), Gunnlaugsdottir, J. (Johanna), Gupta, R. (Rajeev), Gutierrez, L. (Laura), Gutzwiller, F. (Felix), Ha, S. (Seongjun), Hadaegh, F. (Farzad), Haghshenas, R. (Rosa), Hakimi, H. (Hamid), Hambleton, I. R. (Ian R.), Hamzeh, B. (Behrooz), Hantunen, S. (Sari), Kumar, R. H. (Rachakulla Hari), Hashemi-Shahri, S. M. (Seyed Mohammad), Hata, J. (Jun), Haugsgjerd, T. (Teresa), Hayes, A. J. (Alison J.), He, J. (Jiang), He, Y. (Yuna), Hendriks, M. E. (Marleen Elisabeth), Henriques, A. (Ana), Herrala, S. (Sauli), Heshmat, R. (Ramin), Hill, A. G. (Allan G.), Ho, S. Y. (Sai Yin), Ho, S. C. (Suzanne C.), Hobbs, M. (Michael), Hofman, A. (Albert), Homayounfar, R. (Reza), Hopman, W. M. (Wilma M.), Horimoto, A. R. (Andrea R. V. R.), Hormiga, C. M. (Claudia M.), Horta, B. L. (Bernardo L.), Houti, L. (Leila), Howitt, C. (Christina), Htay, T. T. (Thein Thein), Htet, A. S. (Aung Soe), Htike, M. M. (Maung Maung Than), Huerta, J. M. (Jose Maria), Huhtaniemi, I. T. (Ilpo Tapani), Huisman, M. (Martijn), Hunsberger, M. L. (Monica L.), Husseini, A. S. (Abdullatif S.), Huybrechts, I. (Inge), Hwalla, N. (Nahla), Iacoviello, L. (Licia), Iannone, A. G. (Anna G.), Ibrahim, M. M. (Mohsen M.), Wong, N. I. (Norazizah Ibrahim), Iglesia, I. (Iris), Ikeda, N. (Nayu), Ikram, M. A. (M. Arfan), Iotova, V. (Violeta), Irazola, V. E. (Vilma E.), Ishida, T. (Takafumi), Islam, M. (Muhammad), Ismail, A. A. (Aziz Al-Safi), Iwasaki, M. (Masanori), Jacobs, J. M. (Jeremy M.), Jaddou, H. Y. (Hashem Y.), Jafar, T. (Tazeen), James, K. (Kenneth), Jamrozik, K. (Konrad), Janszky, I. (Imre), Janus, E. (Edward), Järvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Jasienska, G. (Grazyna), Jelakovic, A. (Ana), Jelakovic, B. (Bojan), Jennings, G. (Garry), Jensen, G. B. (Gorm B.), Jeong, S.-l. (Seung-lyeal), Jha, A. K. (Anjani Kumar), Jiang, C. Q. (Chao Qiang), Jimenez, R. O. (Ramon O.), Jockel, K.-H. (Karl-Heinz), Joffres, M. (Michel), Jokelainen, J. J. (Jari J.), Jonas, J. B. (Jost B.), Jorgensen, T. (Torben), Joshi, P. (Pradeep), Joukar, F. (Farahnaz), Jozwiak, J. (Jacek), Juolevi, A. (Anne), Kafatos, A. (Anthony), Kajantie, E. O. (Eero O.), Kalter-Leibovici, O. (Ofra), Kamaruddin, N. A. (Nor Azmi), Kamstrup, P. R. (Pia R.), Karki, K. B. (Khem B.), Katz, J. (Joanne), Kauhanen, J. (Jussi), Kaur, P. (Prabhdeep), Kavousi, M. (Maryam), Kazakbaeva, G. (Gyulli), Keil, U. (Ulrich), Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, S. (Sirkka), Kelishadi, R. (Roya), Keramati, M. (Maryam), Kerimkulova, A. (Alina), Kersting, M. (Mathilde), Khader, Y. S. (Yousef Saleh), Khalili, D. (Davood), Khateeb, M. (Mohammad), Kheradmand, M. (Motahareh), Khosravi, A. (Alireza), Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, U. (Ursula), Kiechl, S. (Stefan), Killewo, J. (Japhet), Kim, H. C. (Hyeon Chang), Kim, J. (Jeongseon), Kim, Y.-Y. (Yeon-Yong), Klumbiene, J. (Jurate), Knoflach, M. (Michael), Ko, S. (Stephanie), Kohler, H.-P. (Hans-Peter), Kohler, I. V. (Iliana, V), Kolle, E. (Elin), Kolsteren, P. (Patrick), Konig, J. (Jurgen), Korpelainen, R. (Raija), . (), Kos, J. (Jelena), Koskinen, S. (Seppo), Kouda, K. (Katsuyasu), Kowlessur, S. (Sudhir), Kratzer, W. (Wolfgang), Kriemler, S. (Susi), Kristensen, P. L. (Peter Lund), Krokstad, S. (Steiner), Kromhout, D. (Daan), Kujala, U. M. (Urho M.), Kurjata, P. (Pawel), Kyobutungi, C. (Catherine), Laamiri, F. Z. (Fatima Zahra), Laatikainen, T. (Tiina), Lachat, C. (Carl), Laid, Y. (Youcef), Lam, T. H. (Tai Hing), Lambrinou, C.-P. (Christina-Paulina), Lanska, V. (Vera), Lappas, G. (Georg), Larijani, B. (Bagher), Latt, T. S. (Tint Swe), Laugsand, L. E. (Lars E.), Lazo-Porras, M. (Maria), Lee, J. (Jeannette), Lee, J. (Jeonghee), Lehmann, N. (Nils), Lehtimaki, T. (Terho), Levitt, N. S. (Naomi S.), Li, Y. (Yanping), Lilly, C. L. (Christa L.), Lim, W.-Y. (Wei-Yen), Lima-Costa, M. F. (M. Fernanda), Lin, H.-H. (Hsien-Ho), Lin, X. (Xu), Lin, Y.-T. (Yi-Ting), Lind, L. (Lars), Linneberg, A. (Allan), Lissner, L. (Lauren), Liu, J. (Jing), Loit, H.-M. (Helle-Mai), Lopez-Garcia, E. (Esther), Lopez, T. (Tania), Lotufo, P. A. (Paulo A.), Lozano, J. E. (Jose Eugenio), Luksiene, D. (Dalia), Lundqvist, A. (Annamari), Lundqvist, R. (Robert), Lunet, N. (Nuno), Ma, G. (Guansheng), Machado-Coelho, G. L. (George L. L.), Machado-Rodrigues, A. M. (Aristides M.), Machi, S. (Suka), Madar, A. A. (Ahmed A.), Maggi, S. (Stefania), Magliano, D. J. (Dianna J.), Magriplis, E. (Emmanuella), Mahasampath, G. (Gowri), Maire, B. (Bernard), Makdisse, M. (Marcia), Malekzadeh, F. (Fatemeh), Rao, K. M. (Kodavanti Mallikharjuna), Manios, Y. (Yannis), Mann, J. I. (Jim, I), Mansour-Ghanaei, F. (Fariborz), Manzato, E. (Enzo), Marques-Vidal, P. (Pedro), Martorell, R. (Reynaldo), Mascarenhas, L. P. (Luis P.), Mathiesen, E. B. (Ellisiv B.), Matsha, T. E. (Tandi E.), Mavrogianni, C. (Christina), McFarlane, S. R. (Shelly R.), McGarvey, S. T. (Stephen T.), McLachlan, S. (Stela), McLean, R. M. (Rachael M.), McLean, S. B. (Scott B.), McNulty, B. A. (Breige A.), Mediene-Benchekor, S. (Sounnia), Mehdipour, P. (Parinaz), Mehlig, K. (Kirsten), Mehrparvar, A. (AmirHoushang), Meirhaeghe, A. (Aline), Meisinger, C. (Christa), Menezes, A. M. (Ana Maria B.), Menon, G. R. (Geetha R.), Merat, S. (Shahin), Mereke, A. (Alibek), Meshram, I. I. (Indrapal I.), Metcalf, P. (Patricia), Meyer, H. E. (Haakon E.), Mi, J. (Jie), Michels, N. (Nathalie), Miller, J. C. (Jody C.), Minderico, C. S. (Claudia S.), Mini, G. K. (G. K.), Miquel, J. F. (Juan Francisco), Miranda, J. J. (J. Jaime), Mirjalili, M. R. (Mohammad Reza), Mirrakhimov, E. (Erkin), Modesti, P. A. (Pietro A.), Moghaddam, S. S. (Sahar Saeedi), Mohajer, B. (Bahram), Mohamed, M. (MostafaK), Mohammad, K. (Kazem), Mohammadi, Z. (Zahra), Mohammadifard, N. (Noushin), Mohammadpourhodki, R. (Reza), Mohan, V. (Viswanathan), Mohanna, S. (Salim), MohdYusoff, M. F. (Muhammad Fadhli), Mohebbi, I. (Iraj), Mohebi, F. (Farnam), Moitry, M. (Marie), Mollehave, L. T. (Line T.), Mller, N. C. (Niels C.), Molnar, D. (Denes), Momenan, A. (Amirabbas), Mondo, C. K. (Charles K.), Monterrubio-Flores, E. (Eric), Moosazadeh, M. (Mahmood), Morejon, A. (Alain), Moreno, L. A. (Luis A.), Morgan, K. (Karen), Morin, S. N. (Suzanne N.), Moschonis, G. (George), Mossakowska, M. (Malgorzata), Mostafa, A. (Aya), Mota, J. (Jorge), Motlagh, M. E. (Mohammad Esmaeel), Motta, J. (Jorge), Msyamboza, K. P. (Kelias P.), Muiesan, M. L. (Maria L.), Muller-Nurasyid, M. (Martina), Mursu, J. (Jaakko), Mustafa, N. (Norlaila), Nabipour, I. (Iraj), Naderimagham, S. (Shohreh), Nagel, G. (Gabriele), Naidu, B. M. (Balkish M.), Najafi, F. (Farid), Nakamura, H. (Harunobu), Nang, E. E. (Ei Ei K.), Nangia, V. B. (Vinay B.), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Neal, W. A. (William A.), Nejatizadeh, A. (Azim), Nenko, I. (Ilona), Nervi, F. (Flavio), Nguyen, N. D. (Nguyen D.), Nieto-Martinez, R. E. (Ramfis E.), Nihal, T. (Thomas), Niiranen, T. J. (Teemu J.), Ning, G. (Guang), Ninomiya, T. (Toshiharu), Noale, M. (Marianna), Noboa, O. A. (Oscar A.), Noto, D. (Davide), Al Nsour, M. (Mohannad), Nuhoglu, I. (Irfan), O'Neill, T. W. (Terence W.), O'Reilly, D. (Dermot), Ochoa-Aviles, A. M. (Angelica M.), Oh, K. (Kyungwon), Ohtsuka, R. (Ryutaro), Olafsson, O. (Orn), Olie, V. (Valerie), Oliveira, I. O. (Isabel O.), Omar, M. A. (Mohd Azahadi), Onat, A. (Altan), Ong, S. (SokKing), Ordunez, P. (Pedro), Ornelas, R. (Rui), Ortiz, P. J. (Pedro J.), Osmond, C. (Clive), Ostojic, S. M. (Sergej M.), Ostovar, A. (Afshin), Otero, J. A. (Johanna A.), Owusu-Dabo, E. (Ellis), Paccaud, F. M. (Fred Michel), Pahomova, E. (Elena), Pajak, A. (Andrzej), Palmieri, L. (Luigi), Pan, W.-H. (Wen-Harn), Panda-Jonas, S. (Songhomitra), Panza, F. (Francesco), Parnell, W. R. (Winsome R.), Patel, N. D. (Nikhil D.), Peer, N. (Nasheeta), Peixoto, S. V. (Sergio Viana), Peltonen, M. (Markku), Pereira, A. C. (Alexandre C.), Peters, A. (Annette), Petersmann, A. (Astrid), Petkeviciene, J. (Janina), Peykari, N. (Niloofar), Pichardo, R. N. (Rafael N.), Pigeot, I. (Iris), Pilav, A. (Aida), Pilotto, L. (Lorenza), Piwonska, A. (Aleksandra), Pizarro, A. N. (Andreia N.), Plans-Rubio, P. (Pedro), Plata, S. (Silvia), Pohlabeln, H. (Hermann), Porta, M. (Miquel), Portegies, M. L. (Marileen L. P.), Poudyal, A. (Anil), Pourfarzi, F. (Farhad), Poustchi, H. (Hossein), Pradeepa, R. (Rajendra), Price, J. F. (Jacqueline F.), Providencia, R. (Rui), Puder, J. J. (Jardena J.), Puhakka, S. E. (Soile E.), Punab, M. (Margus), Qorbani, M. (Mostafa), Radisauskas, R. (Ricardas), Rahimikazerooni, S. (Salar), Raitakari, O. (Olli), Rao, S. R. (Sudha Ramachandra), Ramachandran, A. (Ambady), Ramos, E. (Elisabete), Ramos, R. (Rafel), Rampal, L. (Lekhraj), Rampal, S. (Sanjay), Redon, J. (Josep), Reganit, P. F. (Paul Ferdinand M.), Revilla, L. (Luis), Rezaianzadeh, A. (Abbas), Ribeiro, R. (Robespierre), Richter, A. (Adrian), Rigo, F. (Fernando), de Wit, T. F. (Tobias F. Rinke), Rodriguez-Artalejo, F. (Fernando), Rodriguez-Perez, M. d. (Maria del Cristo), Rodriguez-Villamizar, L. A. (Laura A.), Roggenbuck, U. (Ulla), Rojas-Martinez, R. (Rosalba), Romaguera, D. (Dora), Romeo, E. L. (Elisabetta L.), Rosengren, A. (Annika), Roy, J. G. (Joel G. R.), Rubinstein, A. (Adolfo), Ruidavets, J.-B. (Jean-Bernard), Ruiz-Betancourt, B. S. (Blanca Sandra), Russo, P. (Paola), Rust, P. (Petra), Rutkowski, M. (Marcin), Sabanayagam, C. (Charumathi), Sachdev, H. S. (Harshpal S.), Sadjadi, A. (Alireza), Safarpour, A. R. (Ali Reza), Safiri, S. (Saeid), Saidi, O. (Olfa), Saki, N. (Nader), Salanave, B. (Benoit), Salmeron, D. (Diego), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Salonen, J. T. (Jukka T.), Salvetti, M. (Massimo), Sanchez-Abanto, J. (Jose), Sans, S. (Susana), Santaliestra-Pasias, A. M. (Alba M.), Santos, D. A. (Diana A.), Santos, M. (MariaPaula), Santos, R. (Rute), Saramies, J. L. (Jouko L.), Sardinha, L. B. (Luis B.), Sarrafzadegan, N. (Nizal), Saum, K.-U. (Kai-Uwe), Savva, S. C. (Savvas C.), Sawada, N. (Norie), Sbaraini, M. (Mariana), Scazufca, M. (Marcia), Schaan, B. D. (Beatriz D.), Schargrodsky, H. (Herman), Scheidt-Nave, C. (Christa), Schienkiewitz, A. (Anja), Schipf, S. (Sabine), Schmidt, C. O. (Carsten O.), Schottker, B. (Ben), Schramm, S. (Sara), Sebert, S. (Sylvain), Sein, A. A. (Aye Aye), Sen, A. (Abhijit), Sepanlou, S. G. (Sadaf G.), Servais, J. (Jennifer), Shakeri, R. (Ramin), Shalnova, S. A. (Svetlana A.), Shamah-Levy, T. (Teresa), Sharafkhah, M. (Maryam), Sharma, S. K. (Sanjib K.), Shaw, J. E. (Jonathan E.), Shayanrad, A. (Amaneh), Shi, Z. (Zumin), Shibuya, K. (Kenji), Shimizu-Furusawa, H. (Hana), Shin, D. W. (Dong Wook), Shin, Y. (Youchan), Shirani, M. (Majid), Shiri, R. (Rahman), Shrestha, N. (Namuna), Si-Ramlee, K. (Khairil), Siani, A. (Alfonso), Siantar, R. (Rosalynn), Sibai, A. M. (Abla M.), Santos Silva, D. A. (Diego Augusto), Simon, M. (Mary), Simons, J. (Judith), Simons, L. A. (Leon A.), Sjostrom, M. (Michael), Skaaby, T. (Tea), Slowikowska-Hilczer, J. (Jolanta), Slusarczyk, P. (Przemyslaw), Smeeth, L. (Liam), Snijder, M. B. (Marieke B.), Soderberg, S. (Stefan), Soemantri, A. (Agustinus), Sofat, R. (Reecha), Solfrizzi, V. (Vincenzo), Somi, M. H. (Mohammad Hossein), Sonestedt, E. (Emily), Sorensen, T. I. (Thorkild I. A.), Jerome, C. S. (Charles Sossa), Soumare, A. (Aicha), Sozmen, K. (Kaan), Sparrenberger, K. (Karen), Staessen, J. A. (Jan A.), Stathopoulou, M. G. (Maria G.), Stavreski, B. (Bill), Steene-Johannessen, J. (Jostein), Stehle, P. (Peter), Stein, A. D. (Aryeh D.), Stessman, J. (Jochanan), Stevanovic, R. (Ranko), Stieber, J. (Jutta), Stockl, D. (Doris), Stokwiszewski, J. (Jakub), Stronks, K. (Karien), Strufaldi, M. W. (Maria Wany), Suarez-Medina, R. (Ramon), Sun, C.-A. (Chien-An), Sundstrom, J. (Johan), Suriyawongpaisal, P. (Paibul), Sy, R. G. (Rody G.), Sylva, R. C. (Rene Charles), Szklo, M. (Moyses), Tai, E. S. (E. Shyong), Tamosiunas, A. (Abdonas), Tan, E. (EngJoo), Tarawneh, M. R. (Mohammed Rasoul), Tarqui-Mamani, C. B. (Carolina B.), Taylor, A. (Anne), Taylor, J. (Julie), Tell, G. S. (Grethe S.), Tello, T. (Tania), Thankappan, K. R. (K. R.), Thijs, L. (Lutgarde), Thuesen, B. H. (Betina H.), Toft, U. (Ulla), Tolonen, H. K. (Hanna K.), Tolstrup, J. S. (Janne S.), Topbas, M. (Murat), Topor-Madry, R. (Roman), Tormo, M. J. (Maria Jose), Tornaritis, M. J. (Michael J.), Torrent, M. (Maties), Torres-Collado, L. (Laura), Traissac, P. (Pierre), Trinh, O. T. (Oanh T. H.), Truthmann, J. (Julia), Tsugane, S. (Shoichiro), Tulloch-Reid, M. K. (Marshall K.), Tuomainen, T.-P. (Tomi-Pekka), Tuomilehto, J. (Jaakko), Tybjaerg-Hansen, A. (Anne), Tzourio, C. (Christophe), Ueda, P. (Peter), Ugel, E. (Eunice), Ulmer, H. (Hanno), Unal, B. (Belgin), Uusitalo, H. M. (Hannu M. T.), Valdivia, G. (Gonzalo), Valvi, D. (Damaskini), van Dam, R. (RobM), van der Schouw, Y. T. (Yvonne T.), Van Herck, K. (Koen), Rossem, L. (Lenievan), Van Schoor, N. M. (Natasja M.), van Valkengoed, I. G. (Irene G. M.), Vanderschueren, D. (Dirk), Vanuzzo, D. (Diego), Varbo, A. (Anette), Varona-Perez, P. (Patricia), Vasan, S. K. (Senthil K.), Vatten, L. (Lars), Vega, T. (Tomas), Veidebaum, T. (Toomas), Velasquez-Melendez, G. (Gustavo), Venero-Fernandez, S. J. (Silvia J.), Veronesi, G. (Giovanni), MoniqueVerschuren, W. M. (W. M.), Victora, C. G. (Cesar G.), Vidiawati, D. (Dhanasari), Viet, L. (Lucie), Villalpando, S. (Salvador), Vioque, J. (Jesus), Virtanen, J. K. (Jyrki K.), Visvikis-Siest, S. (Sophie), Viswanathan, B. (Bharathi), Vlasoff, T. (Tiina), Vollenweider, P. (Peter), Voutilainen, A. (Ari), Wade, A. N. (Alisha N.), Wagner, A. (Aline), Walton, J. (Janette), Bebakar, W. M. (Wan Mohamad Wan), WanMohamud, W. N. (Wan Nazaimoon), Wang, M.-D. (Ming-Dong), Wang, N. (Ningli), Wang, Q. (Qian), Wang, Y. X. (Ya Xing), Wang, Y.-W. (Ying-Wei), Wannamethee, S. G. (S. Goya), Wedderkopp, N. (Niels), Wei, W. (Wenbin), Whincup, P. H. (Peter H.), Widhalm, K. (Kurt), Widyahening, I. S. (Indah S.), Wiecek, A. (Andrzej), Wijga, A. H. (Alet H.), Wilks, R. J. (Rainford J.), Willeit, J. (Johann), Willeit, P. (Peter), Wilsgaard, T. (Tom), Wojtyniak, B. (Bogdan), Wong-McClure, R. A. (Roy A.), Wong, A. (Andrew), Wong, T. Y. (Tien Yin), Woo, J. (Jean), Woodward, M. (Mark), Wu, F. C. (Frederick C.), Wu, S. (Shouling), Xu, H. (Haiquan), Xu, L. (Liang), Yan, W. (Weili), Yang, X. (Xiaoguang), Yasuharu, T. (Tabara), Ye, X. (Xingwang), Yeow, T. P. (Toh Peng), Yiallouros, P. K. (Panayiotis K.), Yoosefi, M. (Moein), Yoshihara, A. (Akihiro), You, S.-L. (San-Lin), Younger-Coleman, N. O. (Novie O.), Yusoff, A. F. (Ahmad Faudzi), Zainuddin, A. A. (Ahmad A.), Zakavi, S. R. (Seyed Rasoul), Zali, M. R. (Mohammad Reza), Zamani, F. (Farhad), Zambon, S. (Sabina), Zampelas, A. (Antonis), KoZaw, K. (Ko), Zdrojewski, T. (Tomasz), Vrkic, T. Z. (Tajana Zeljkovic), Zhang, Z.-Y. (Zhen-Yu), Zhao, W. (Wenhua), Zhen, S. (Shiqi), Zheng, Y. (Yingfeng), Zholdin, B. (Bekbolat), Zhussupov, B. (Baurzhan), Zoghlami, N. (Nada), Cisneros, J. Z. (Julio Zuniga), Gregg, E. W. (Edward W.), Ezzati, M. (Majid), Taddei, C. (Cristina), Zhou, B. (Bin), Bixby, H. (Honor), Carrillo-Larco, R. M. (Rodrigo M.), Danaei, G. (Goodarz), Jackson, R. T. (Rod T.), Farzadfar, F. (Farshad), Sophiea, M. K. (Marisa K.), Di Cesare, M. (Mariachiara), Iurilli, M. L. (Maria Laura Caminia), Martinez, A. R. (Andrea Rodriguez), Asghari, G. (Golaleh), Dhana, K. (Klodian), Gulayin, P. (Pablo), Kakarmath, S. (Sujay), Santero, M. (Marilina), Voortman, T. (Trudy), Riley, L. M. (Leanne M.), Cowan, M. J. (Melanie J.), Savin, S. (Stefan), Bennett, J. E. (James E.), Stevens, G. A. (Gretchen A.), Paciorek, C. J. (Christopher J.), Aekplakorn, W. (Wichai), Cifkova, R. (Renata), Giampaoli, S. (Simona), Kengne, A. P. (Andre Pascal), Khang, Y.-H. (Young-Ho), Kuulasmaa, K. (Kari), Laxmaiah, A. (Avula), Margozzini, P. (Paula), Mathur, P. (Prashant), Nordestgaard, B. G. (Borge G.), Zhao, D. (Dong), Aadahl, M. (Mette), Abarca-Gomez, L. (Leandra), Rahim, H. A. (Hanan Abdul), Abu-Rmeileh, N. M. (Niveen M.), Acosta-Cazares, B. (Benjamin), Adams, R. J. (Robert J.), Agdeppa, I. A. (Imelda A.), Aghazadeh-Attari, J. (Javad), Aguilar-Salinas, C. A. (Carlos A.), Agyemang, C. (Charles), Ahluwalia, T. S. (Tarunveer S.), Ahmad, N. A. (Noor Ani), Ahmadi, A. (Ali), Ahmadi, N. (Naser), Ahmed, S. H. (Soheir H.), Ahrens, W. (Wolfgang), Ajlouni, K. (Kamel), Alarouj, M. (Monira), AlBuhairan, F. (Fadia), AlDhukair, S. (Shahla), Ali, M. M. (Mohamed M.), Alkandari, A. (Abdullah), Alkerwi, A. (Ala'a), Aly, E. (Eman), Amarapurkar, D. N. (Deepak N.), Amouyel, P. (Philippe), Andersen, L. B. (Lars Bo), Anderssen, S. A. (Sigmund A.), Anjana, R. M. (Ranjit Mohan), Ansari-Moghaddam, A. (Alireza), Aounallah-Skhiri, H. (Hajer), Araujo, J. (Joana), Ariansen, I. (Inger), Aris, T. (Tahir), Arku, R. E. (Raphael E.), Arlappa, N. (Nimmathota), Aryal, K. K. (Krishna K.), Aspelund, T. (Thor), Assuncao, M. C. (Maria Cecilia F.), Auvinen, J. (Juha), Avdicova, M. (Maria), Azevedo, A. (Ana), Azizi, F. (Fereidoun), Azmin, M. (Mehrdad), Balakrishna, N. (Nagalla), Bamoshmoosh, M. (Mohamed), Banach, M. (Maciej), Bandosz, P. (Piotr), Banegas, J. R. (Jose R.), Barbagallo, C. M. (Carlo M.), Barcelo, A. (Alberto), Barkat, A. (Amina), Bata, I. (Iqbal), Batieha, A. M. (Anwar M.), Batyrbek, A. (Assembekov), Baur, L. A. (Louise A.), Beaglehole, R. (Robert), Belavendra, A. (Antonisamy), Ben Romdhane, H. (Habiba), Benet, M. (Mikhail), Benn, M. (Marianne), Berkinbayev, S. (Salim), Bernabe-Ortiz, A. (Antonio), Bernotiene, G. (Gailute), Bettiol, H. (Heloisa), Bhargava, S. K. (Santosh K.), Bi, Y. (Yufang), Bienek, A. (Asako), Bikbov, M. (Mukharram), Bista, B. (Bihungum), Bjerregaard, P. (Peter), Bjertness, E. (Espen), Bjertness, M. B. (Marius B.), Bjorkelund, C. (Cecilia), Bloch, K. V. (Katia, V), Blokstra, A. (Anneke), Bo, S. (Simona), Boehm, B. O. (Bernhard O.), Boggia, J. G. (Jose G.), Boissonnet, C. P. (Carlos P.), Bonaccio, M. (Marialaura), Bongard, V. (Vanina), Borchini, R. (Rossana), Borghs, H. (Herman), Bovet, P. (Pascal), Brajkovich, I. (Imperia), Breckenkamp, J. (Juergen), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Brewster, L. M. (Lizzy M.), Bruno, G. (Graziella), Bugge, A. (Anna), Busch, M. A. (Markus A.), de Leon, A. C. (Antonio Cabrera), Cacciottolo, J. (Joseph), Can, G. (Gunay), Candido, A. P. (Ana Paula C.), Capanzana, M. V. (Mario, V), Capuano, E. (Eduardo), Capuano, V. (Vincenzo), Cardoso, V. C. (Viviane C.), Carvalho, J. (Joana), Casanueva, F. F. (Felipe F.), Censi, L. (Laura), Chadjigeorgiou, C. A. (Charalambos A.), Chamukuttan, S. (Snehalatha), Chaturvedi, N. (Nish), Chen, C.-J. (Chien-Jen), Chen, F. (Fangfang), Chen, S. (Shuohua), Cheng, C.-Y. (Ching-Yu), Cheraghian, B. (Bahman), Chetrit, A. (Angela), Chiou, S.-T. (Shu-Ti), Chirlaque, M.-D. (Maria-Dolores), Cho, B. (Belong), Cho, Y. (Yumi), Chudek, J. (Jerzy), Claessens, F. (Frank), Clarke, J. (Janine), Clays, E. (Els), Concin, H. (Hans), Confortin, S. C. (Susana C.), Cooper, C. (Cyrus), Costanzo, S. (Simona), Cottel, D. (Dominique), Cowell, C. (Chris), Crujeiras, A. B. (Ana B.), Csilla, S. (Semanova), Cui, L. (Liufu), Cureau, F. V. (Felipe, V), D'Arrigo, G. (Graziella), d'Orsi, E. (Eleonora), Dallongeville, J. (Jean), Damasceno, A. (Albertino), Dankner, R. (Rachel), Dantoft, T. M. (Thomas M.), Dauchet, L. (Luc), Davletov, K. (Kairat), De Backer, G. (Guy), De Bacquer, D. (Dirk), de Gaetano, G. (Giovanni), De Henauw, S. (Stefaan), de Oliveira, P. D. (Paula Duarte), De Ridder, D. (David), De Smedt, D. (Delphine), Deepa, M. (Mohan), Deev, A. D. (Alexander D.), Dehghan, A. (Abbas), Delisle, H. (Helene), Dennison, E. (Elaine), Deschamps, V. (Valerie), Dhimal, M. (Meghnath), Di Castelnuovo, A. F. (Augusto F.), Dika, Z. (Zivka), Djalalinia, S. (Shirin), Dobson, A. J. (Annette J.), Donfrancesco, C. (Chiara), Donoso, S. P. (Silvana P.), Doring, A. (Angela), Dorobantu, M. (Maria), Dragano, N. (Nico), Drygas, W. (Wojciech), Du, Y. (Yong), Duante, C. A. (Charmaine A.), Duda, R. B. (Rosemary B.), Dzerve, V. (Vilnis), Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, E. (Elzbieta), Eddie, R. (Ricky), Eftekhar, E. (Ebrahim), Eggertsen, R. (Robert), Eghtesad, S. (Sareh), Eiben, G. (Gabriele), Ekelund, U. (Ulf), El Ati, J. (Jalila), Eldemire-Shearer, D. (Denise), Eliasen, M. (Marie), Elosua, R. (Roberto), Erasmus, R. T. (Rajiv T.), Erbel, R. (Raimund), Erem, C. (Cihangir), Eriksen, L. (Louise), Eriksson, J. G. (Johan G.), Escobedo-de la Pena, J. (Jorge), Eslami, S. (Saeid), Esmaeili, A. (Ali), Evans, A. (Alun), Faeh, D. (David), Fall, C. H. (Caroline H.), Faramarzi, E. (Elnaz), Farjam, M. (Mojtaba), Fattahi, M. R. (Mohammad Reza), Felix-Redondo, F. J. (Francisco J.), Ferguson, T. S. (Trevor S.), Fernandez-Berges, D. (Daniel), Ferrante, D. (Daniel), Ferrari, M. (Marika), Ferreccio, C. (Catterina), Ferrieres, J. (Jean), Foger, B. (Bernhard), Foo, L. H. (Leng Huat), Forslund, A.-S. (Ann-Sofie), Forsner, M. (Maria), Fouad, H. M. (Heba M.), Francis, D. K. (Damian K.), Franco, M. d. (Maria do Carmo), Franco, O. H. (Oscar H.), Frontera, G. (Guillermo), Fujita, Y. (Yuki), Fumihiko, M. (Matsuda), Furusawa, T. (Takuro), Gaciong, Z. (Zbigniew), Galvano, F. (Fabio), Gao, J. (Jingli), Garcia-de-la-Hera, M. (Manoli), Garnett, S. P. (Sarah P.), Gaspoz, J.-M. (Jean-Michel), Gasull, M. (Magda), Gazzinelli, A. (Andrea), Geleijnse, J. M. (Johanna M.), Ghanbari, A. (Ali), Ghasemi, E. (Erfan), Gheorghe-Fronea, O.-F. (Oana-Florentina), Ghimire, A. (Anup), Gianfagna, F. (Francesco), Gill, T. K. (Tiffany K.), Giovannelli, J. (Jonathan), Gironella, G. (Glen), Giwercman, A. (Aleksander), Goltzman, D. (David), Goncalves, H. (Helen), Gonzalez-Chica, D. A. (David A.), Gonzalez-Gross, M. (Marcela), Gonzalez-Rivas, J. P. (Juan P.), Gonzalez-Villalpando, C. (Clicerio), Gonzalez-Villalpando, M.-E. (Maria-Elena), Gonzalez, A. R. (Angel R.), Gottrand, F. (Frederic), Graff-Iversen, S. (Sidsel), Gregor, R. D. (Ronald D.), Grodzicki, T. (Tomasz), Grontved, A. (Anders), Grosso, G. (Giuseppe), Gruden, G. (Gabriella), Gu, D. (Dongfeng), Guallar-Castillon, P. (Pilar), Guan, O. P. (Ong Peng), Gudmundsson, E. F. (Elias F.), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Guerrero, R. (Ramiro), Guessous, I. (Idris), Gunnlaugsdottir, J. (Johanna), Gupta, R. (Rajeev), Gutierrez, L. (Laura), Gutzwiller, F. (Felix), Ha, S. (Seongjun), Hadaegh, F. (Farzad), Haghshenas, R. (Rosa), Hakimi, H. (Hamid), Hambleton, I. R. (Ian R.), Hamzeh, B. (Behrooz), Hantunen, S. (Sari), Kumar, R. H. (Rachakulla Hari), Hashemi-Shahri, S. M. (Seyed Mohammad), Hata, J. (Jun), Haugsgjerd, T. (Teresa), Hayes, A. J. (Alison J.), He, J. (Jiang), He, Y. (Yuna), Hendriks, M. E. (Marleen Elisabeth), Henriques, A. (Ana), Herrala, S. (Sauli), Heshmat, R. (Ramin), Hill, A. G. (Allan G.), Ho, S. Y. (Sai Yin), Ho, S. C. (Suzanne C.), Hobbs, M. (Michael), Hofman, A. (Albert), Homayounfar, R. (Reza), Hopman, W. M. (Wilma M.), Horimoto, A. R. (Andrea R. V. R.), Hormiga, C. M. (Claudia M.), Horta, B. L. (Bernardo L.), Houti, L. (Leila), Howitt, C. (Christina), Htay, T. T. (Thein Thein), Htet, A. S. (Aung Soe), Htike, M. M. (Maung Maung Than), Huerta, J. M. (Jose Maria), Huhtaniemi, I. T. (Ilpo Tapani), Huisman, M. (Martijn), Hunsberger, M. L. (Monica L.), Husseini, A. S. (Abdullatif S.), Huybrechts, I. (Inge), Hwalla, N. (Nahla), Iacoviello, L. (Licia), Iannone, A. G. (Anna G.), Ibrahim, M. M. (Mohsen M.), Wong, N. I. (Norazizah Ibrahim), Iglesia, I. (Iris), Ikeda, N. (Nayu), Ikram, M. A. (M. Arfan), Iotova, V. (Violeta), Irazola, V. E. (Vilma E.), Ishida, T. (Takafumi), Islam, M. (Muhammad), Ismail, A. A. (Aziz Al-Safi), Iwasaki, M. (Masanori), Jacobs, J. M. (Jeremy M.), Jaddou, H. Y. (Hashem Y.), Jafar, T. (Tazeen), James, K. (Kenneth), Jamrozik, K. (Konrad), Janszky, I. (Imre), Janus, E. (Edward), Järvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Jasienska, G. (Grazyna), Jelakovic, A. (Ana), Jelakovic, B. (Bojan), Jennings, G. (Garry), Jensen, G. B. (Gorm B.), Jeong, S.-l. (Seung-lyeal), Jha, A. K. (Anjani Kumar), Jiang, C. Q. (Chao Qiang), Jimenez, R. O. (Ramon O.), Jockel, K.-H. (Karl-Heinz), Joffres, M. (Michel), Jokelainen, J. J. (Jari J.), Jonas, J. B. (Jost B.), Jorgensen, T. (Torben), Joshi, P. (Pradeep), Joukar, F. (Farahnaz), Jozwiak, J. (Jacek), Juolevi, A. (Anne), Kafatos, A. (Anthony), Kajantie, E. O. (Eero O.), Kalter-Leibovici, O. (Ofra), Kamaruddin, N. A. (Nor Azmi), Kamstrup, P. R. (Pia R.), Karki, K. B. (Khem B.), Katz, J. (Joanne), Kauhanen, J. (Jussi), Kaur, P. (Prabhdeep), Kavousi, M. (Maryam), Kazakbaeva, G. (Gyulli), Keil, U. (Ulrich), Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, S. (Sirkka), Kelishadi, R. (Roya), Keramati, M. (Maryam), Kerimkulova, A. (Alina), Kersting, M. (Mathilde), Khader, Y. S. (Yousef Saleh), Khalili, D. (Davood), Khateeb, M. (Mohammad), Kheradmand, M. (Motahareh), Khosravi, A. (Alireza), Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, U. (Ursula), Kiechl, S. (Stefan), Killewo, J. (Japhet), Kim, H. C. (Hyeon Chang), Kim, J. (Jeongseon), Kim, Y.-Y. (Yeon-Yong), Klumbiene, J. (Jurate), Knoflach, M. (Michael), Ko, S. (Stephanie), Kohler, H.-P. (Hans-Peter), Kohler, I. V. (Iliana, V), Kolle, E. (Elin), Kolsteren, P. (Patrick), Konig, J. (Jurgen), Korpelainen, R. (Raija), . (), Kos, J. (Jelena), Koskinen, S. (Seppo), Kouda, K. (Katsuyasu), Kowlessur, S. (Sudhir), Kratzer, W. (Wolfgang), Kriemler, S. (Susi), Kristensen, P. L. (Peter Lund), Krokstad, S. (Steiner), Kromhout, D. (Daan), Kujala, U. M. (Urho M.), Kurjata, P. (Pawel), Kyobutungi, C. (Catherine), Laamiri, F. Z. (Fatima Zahra), Laatikainen, T. (Tiina), Lachat, C. (Carl), Laid, Y. (Youcef), Lam, T. H. (Tai Hing), Lambrinou, C.-P. (Christina-Paulina), Lanska, V. (Vera), Lappas, G. (Georg), Larijani, B. (Bagher), Latt, T. S. (Tint Swe), Laugsand, L. E. (Lars E.), Lazo-Porras, M. (Maria), Lee, J. (Jeannette), Lee, J. (Jeonghee), Lehmann, N. (Nils), Lehtimaki, T. (Terho), Levitt, N. S. (Naomi S.), Li, Y. (Yanping), Lilly, C. L. (Christa L.), Lim, W.-Y. (Wei-Yen), Lima-Costa, M. F. (M. Fernanda), Lin, H.-H. (Hsien-Ho), Lin, X. (Xu), Lin, Y.-T. (Yi-Ting), Lind, L. (Lars), Linneberg, A. (Allan), Lissner, L. (Lauren), Liu, J. (Jing), Loit, H.-M. (Helle-Mai), Lopez-Garcia, E. (Esther), Lopez, T. (Tania), Lotufo, P. A. (Paulo A.), Lozano, J. E. (Jose Eugenio), Luksiene, D. (Dalia), Lundqvist, A. (Annamari), Lundqvist, R. (Robert), Lunet, N. (Nuno), Ma, G. (Guansheng), Machado-Coelho, G. L. (George L. L.), Machado-Rodrigues, A. M. (Aristides M.), Machi, S. (Suka), Madar, A. A. (Ahmed A.), Maggi, S. (Stefania), Magliano, D. J. (Dianna J.), Magriplis, E. (Emmanuella), Mahasampath, G. (Gowri), Maire, B. (Bernard), Makdisse, M. (Marcia), Malekzadeh, F. (Fatemeh), Rao, K. M. (Kodavanti Mallikharjuna), Manios, Y. (Yannis), Mann, J. I. (Jim, I), Mansour-Ghanaei, F. (Fariborz), Manzato, E. (Enzo), Marques-Vidal, P. (Pedro), Martorell, R. (Reynaldo), Mascarenhas, L. P. (Luis P.), Mathiesen, E. B. (Ellisiv B.), Matsha, T. E. (Tandi E.), Mavrogianni, C. (Christina), McFarlane, S. R. (Shelly R.), McGarvey, S. T. (Stephen T.), McLachlan, S. (Stela), McLean, R. M. (Rachael M.), McLean, S. B. (Scott B.), McNulty, B. A. (Breige A.), Mediene-Benchekor, S. (Sounnia), Mehdipour, P. (Parinaz), Mehlig, K. (Kirsten), Mehrparvar, A. (AmirHoushang), Meirhaeghe, A. (Aline), Meisinger, C. (Christa), Menezes, A. M. (Ana Maria B.), Menon, G. R. (Geetha R.), Merat, S. (Shahin), Mereke, A. (Alibek), Meshram, I. I. (Indrapal I.), Metcalf, P. (Patricia), Meyer, H. E. (Haakon E.), Mi, J. (Jie), Michels, N. (Nathalie), Miller, J. C. (Jody C.), Minderico, C. S. (Claudia S.), Mini, G. K. (G. K.), Miquel, J. F. (Juan Francisco), Miranda, J. J. (J. Jaime), Mirjalili, M. R. (Mohammad Reza), Mirrakhimov, E. (Erkin), Modesti, P. A. (Pietro A.), Moghaddam, S. S. (Sahar Saeedi), Mohajer, B. (Bahram), Mohamed, M. (MostafaK), Mohammad, K. (Kazem), Mohammadi, Z. (Zahra), Mohammadifard, N. (Noushin), Mohammadpourhodki, R. (Reza), Mohan, V. (Viswanathan), Mohanna, S. (Salim), MohdYusoff, M. F. (Muhammad Fadhli), Mohebbi, I. (Iraj), Mohebi, F. (Farnam), Moitry, M. (Marie), Mollehave, L. T. (Line T.), Mller, N. C. (Niels C.), Molnar, D. (Denes), Momenan, A. (Amirabbas), Mondo, C. K. (Charles K.), Monterrubio-Flores, E. (Eric), Moosazadeh, M. (Mahmood), Morejon, A. (Alain), Moreno, L. A. (Luis A.), Morgan, K. (Karen), Morin, S. N. (Suzanne N.), Moschonis, G. (George), Mossakowska, M. (Malgorzata), Mostafa, A. (Aya), Mota, J. (Jorge), Motlagh, M. E. (Mohammad Esmaeel), Motta, J. (Jorge), Msyamboza, K. P. (Kelias P.), Muiesan, M. L. (Maria L.), Muller-Nurasyid, M. (Martina), Mursu, J. (Jaakko), Mustafa, N. (Norlaila), Nabipour, I. (Iraj), Naderimagham, S. (Shohreh), Nagel, G. (Gabriele), Naidu, B. M. (Balkish M.), Najafi, F. (Farid), Nakamura, H. (Harunobu), Nang, E. E. (Ei Ei K.), Nangia, V. B. (Vinay B.), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Neal, W. A. (William A.), Nejatizadeh, A. (Azim), Nenko, I. (Ilona), Nervi, F. (Flavio), Nguyen, N. D. (Nguyen D.), Nieto-Martinez, R. E. (Ramfis E.), Nihal, T. (Thomas), Niiranen, T. J. (Teemu J.), Ning, G. (Guang), Ninomiya, T. (Toshiharu), Noale, M. (Marianna), Noboa, O. A. (Oscar A.), Noto, D. (Davide), Al Nsour, M. (Mohannad), Nuhoglu, I. (Irfan), O'Neill, T. W. (Terence W.), O'Reilly, D. (Dermot), Ochoa-Aviles, A. M. (Angelica M.), Oh, K. (Kyungwon), Ohtsuka, R. (Ryutaro), Olafsson, O. (Orn), Olie, V. (Valerie), Oliveira, I. O. (Isabel O.), Omar, M. A. (Mohd Azahadi), Onat, A. (Altan), Ong, S. (SokKing), Ordunez, P. (Pedro), Ornelas, R. (Rui), Ortiz, P. J. (Pedro J.), Osmond, C. (Clive), Ostojic, S. M. (Sergej M.), Ostovar, A. (Afshin), Otero, J. A. (Johanna A.), Owusu-Dabo, E. (Ellis), Paccaud, F. M. (Fred Michel), Pahomova, E. (Elena), Pajak, A. (Andrzej), Palmieri, L. (Luigi), Pan, W.-H. (Wen-Harn), Panda-Jonas, S. (Songhomitra), Panza, F. (Francesco), Parnell, W. R. (Winsome R.), Patel, N. D. (Nikhil D.), Peer, N. (Nasheeta), Peixoto, S. V. (Sergio Viana), Peltonen, M. (Markku), Pereira, A. C. (Alexandre C.), Peters, A. (Annette), Petersmann, A. (Astrid), Petkeviciene, J. (Janina), Peykari, N. (Niloofar), Pichardo, R. N. (Rafael N.), Pigeot, I. (Iris), Pilav, A. (Aida), Pilotto, L. (Lorenza), Piwonska, A. (Aleksandra), Pizarro, A. N. (Andreia N.), Plans-Rubio, P. (Pedro), Plata, S. (Silvia), Pohlabeln, H. (Hermann), Porta, M. (Miquel), Portegies, M. L. (Marileen L. P.), Poudyal, A. (Anil), Pourfarzi, F. (Farhad), Poustchi, H. (Hossein), Pradeepa, R. (Rajendra), Price, J. F. (Jacqueline F.), Providencia, R. (Rui), Puder, J. J. (Jardena J.), Puhakka, S. E. (Soile E.), Punab, M. (Margus), Qorbani, M. (Mostafa), Radisauskas, R. (Ricardas), Rahimikazerooni, S. (Salar), Raitakari, O. (Olli), Rao, S. R. (Sudha Ramachandra), Ramachandran, A. (Ambady), Ramos, E. (Elisabete), Ramos, R. (Rafel), Rampal, L. (Lekhraj), Rampal, S. (Sanjay), Redon, J. (Josep), Reganit, P. F. (Paul Ferdinand M.), Revilla, L. (Luis), Rezaianzadeh, A. (Abbas), Ribeiro, R. (Robespierre), Richter, A. (Adrian), Rigo, F. (Fernando), de Wit, T. F. (Tobias F. Rinke), Rodriguez-Artalejo, F. (Fernando), Rodriguez-Perez, M. d. (Maria del Cristo), Rodriguez-Villamizar, L. A. (Laura A.), Roggenbuck, U. (Ulla), Rojas-Martinez, R. (Rosalba), Romaguera, D. (Dora), Romeo, E. L. (Elisabetta L.), Rosengren, A. (Annika), Roy, J. G. (Joel G. R.), Rubinstein, A. (Adolfo), Ruidavets, J.-B. (Jean-Bernard), Ruiz-Betancourt, B. S. (Blanca Sandra), Russo, P. (Paola), Rust, P. (Petra), Rutkowski, M. (Marcin), Sabanayagam, C. (Charumathi), Sachdev, H. S. (Harshpal S.), Sadjadi, A. (Alireza), Safarpour, A. R. (Ali Reza), Safiri, S. (Saeid), Saidi, O. (Olfa), Saki, N. (Nader), Salanave, B. (Benoit), Salmeron, D. (Diego), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Salonen, J. T. (Jukka T.), Salvetti, M. (Massimo), Sanchez-Abanto, J. (Jose), Sans, S. (Susana), Santaliestra-Pasias, A. M. (Alba M.), Santos, D. A. (Diana A.), Santos, M. (MariaPaula), Santos, R. (Rute), Saramies, J. L. (Jouko L.), Sardinha, L. B. (Luis B.), Sarrafzadegan, N. (Nizal), Saum, K.-U. (Kai-Uwe), Savva, S. C. (Savvas C.), Sawada, N. (Norie), Sbaraini, M. (Mariana), Scazufca, M. (Marcia), Schaan, B. D. (Beatriz D.), Schargrodsky, H. (Herman), Scheidt-Nave, C. (Christa), Schienkiewitz, A. (Anja), Schipf, S. (Sabine), Schmidt, C. O. (Carsten O.), Schottker, B. (Ben), Schramm, S. (Sara), Sebert, S. (Sylvain), Sein, A. A. (Aye Aye), Sen, A. (Abhijit), Sepanlou, S. G. (Sadaf G.), Servais, J. (Jennifer), Shakeri, R. (Ramin), Shalnova, S. A. (Svetlana A.), Shamah-Levy, T. (Teresa), Sharafkhah, M. (Maryam), Sharma, S. K. (Sanjib K.), Shaw, J. E. (Jonathan E.), Shayanrad, A. (Amaneh), Shi, Z. (Zumin), Shibuya, K. (Kenji), Shimizu-Furusawa, H. (Hana), Shin, D. W. (Dong Wook), Shin, Y. (Youchan), Shirani, M. (Majid), Shiri, R. (Rahman), Shrestha, N. (Namuna), Si-Ramlee, K. (Khairil), Siani, A. (Alfonso), Siantar, R. (Rosalynn), Sibai, A. M. (Abla M.), Santos Silva, D. A. (Diego Augusto), Simon, M. (Mary), Simons, J. (Judith), Simons, L. A. (Leon A.), Sjostrom, M. (Michael), Skaaby, T. (Tea), Slowikowska-Hilczer, J. (Jolanta), Slusarczyk, P. (Przemyslaw), Smeeth, L. (Liam), Snijder, M. B. (Marieke B.), Soderberg, S. (Stefan), Soemantri, A. (Agustinus), Sofat, R. (Reecha), Solfrizzi, V. (Vincenzo), Somi, M. H. (Mohammad Hossein), Sonestedt, E. (Emily), Sorensen, T. I. (Thorkild I. A.), Jerome, C. S. (Charles Sossa), Soumare, A. (Aicha), Sozmen, K. (Kaan), Sparrenberger, K. (Karen), Staessen, J. A. (Jan A.), Stathopoulou, M. G. (Maria G.), Stavreski, B. (Bill), Steene-Johannessen, J. (Jostein), Stehle, P. (Peter), Stein, A. D. (Aryeh D.), Stessman, J. (Jochanan), Stevanovic, R. (Ranko), Stieber, J. (Jutta), Stockl, D. (Doris), Stokwiszewski, J. (Jakub), Stronks, K. (Karien), Strufaldi, M. W. (Maria Wany), Suarez-Medina, R. (Ramon), Sun, C.-A. (Chien-An), Sundstrom, J. (Johan), Suriyawongpaisal, P. (Paibul), Sy, R. G. (Rody G.), Sylva, R. C. (Rene Charles), Szklo, M. (Moyses), Tai, E. S. (E. Shyong), Tamosiunas, A. (Abdonas), Tan, E. (EngJoo), Tarawneh, M. R. (Mohammed Rasoul), Tarqui-Mamani, C. B. (Carolina B.), Taylor, A. (Anne), Taylor, J. (Julie), Tell, G. S. (Grethe S.), Tello, T. (Tania), Thankappan, K. R. (K. R.), Thijs, L. (Lutgarde), Thuesen, B. H. (Betina H.), Toft, U. (Ulla), Tolonen, H. K. (Hanna K.), Tolstrup, J. S. (Janne S.), Topbas, M. (Murat), Topor-Madry, R. (Roman), Tormo, M. J. (Maria Jose), Tornaritis, M. J. (Michael J.), Torrent, M. (Maties), Torres-Collado, L. (Laura), Traissac, P. (Pierre), Trinh, O. T. (Oanh T. H.), Truthmann, J. (Julia), Tsugane, S. (Shoichiro), Tulloch-Reid, M. K. (Marshall K.), Tuomainen, T.-P. (Tomi-Pekka), Tuomilehto, J. (Jaakko), Tybjaerg-Hansen, A. (Anne), Tzourio, C. (Christophe), Ueda, P. (Peter), Ugel, E. (Eunice), Ulmer, H. (Hanno), Unal, B. (Belgin), Uusitalo, H. M. (Hannu M. T.), Valdivia, G. (Gonzalo), Valvi, D. (Damaskini), van Dam, R. (RobM), van der Schouw, Y. T. (Yvonne T.), Van Herck, K. (Koen), Rossem, L. (Lenievan), Van Schoor, N. M. (Natasja M.), van Valkengoed, I. G. (Irene G. M.), Vanderschueren, D. (Dirk), Vanuzzo, D. (Diego), Varbo, A. (Anette), Varona-Perez, P. (Patricia), Vasan, S. K. (Senthil K.), Vatten, L. (Lars), Vega, T. (Tomas), Veidebaum, T. (Toomas), Velasquez-Melendez, G. (Gustavo), Venero-Fernandez, S. J. (Silvia J.), Veronesi, G. (Giovanni), MoniqueVerschuren, W. M. (W. M.), Victora, C. G. (Cesar G.), Vidiawati, D. (Dhanasari), Viet, L. (Lucie), Villalpando, S. (Salvador), Vioque, J. (Jesus), Virtanen, J. K. (Jyrki K.), Visvikis-Siest, S. (Sophie), Viswanathan, B. (Bharathi), Vlasoff, T. (Tiina), Vollenweider, P. (Peter), Voutilainen, A. (Ari), Wade, A. N. (Alisha N.), Wagner, A. (Aline), Walton, J. (Janette), Bebakar, W. M. (Wan Mohamad Wan), WanMohamud, W. N. (Wan Nazaimoon), Wang, M.-D. (Ming-Dong), Wang, N. (Ningli), Wang, Q. (Qian), Wang, Y. X. (Ya Xing), Wang, Y.-W. (Ying-Wei), Wannamethee, S. G. (S. Goya), Wedderkopp, N. (Niels), Wei, W. (Wenbin), Whincup, P. H. (Peter H.), Widhalm, K. (Kurt), Widyahening, I. S. (Indah S.), Wiecek, A. (Andrzej), Wijga, A. H. (Alet H.), Wilks, R. J. (Rainford J.), Willeit, J. (Johann), Willeit, P. (Peter), Wilsgaard, T. (Tom), Wojtyniak, B. (Bogdan), Wong-McClure, R. A. (Roy A.), Wong, A. (Andrew), Wong, T. Y. (Tien Yin), Woo, J. (Jean), Woodward, M. (Mark), Wu, F. C. (Frederick C.), Wu, S. (Shouling), Xu, H. (Haiquan), Xu, L. (Liang), Yan, W. (Weili), Yang, X. (Xiaoguang), Yasuharu, T. (Tabara), Ye, X. (Xingwang), Yeow, T. P. (Toh Peng), Yiallouros, P. K. (Panayiotis K.), Yoosefi, M. (Moein), Yoshihara, A. (Akihiro), You, S.-L. (San-Lin), Younger-Coleman, N. O. (Novie O.), Yusoff, A. F. (Ahmad Faudzi), Zainuddin, A. A. (Ahmad A.), Zakavi, S. R. (Seyed Rasoul), Zali, M. R. (Mohammad Reza), Zamani, F. (Farhad), Zambon, S. (Sabina), Zampelas, A. (Antonis), KoZaw, K. (Ko), Zdrojewski, T. (Tomasz), Vrkic, T. Z. (Tajana Zeljkovic), Zhang, Z.-Y. (Zhen-Yu), Zhao, W. (Wenhua), Zhen, S. (Shiqi), Zheng, Y. (Yingfeng), Zholdin, B. (Bekbolat), Zhussupov, B. (Baurzhan), Zoghlami, N. (Nada), Cisneros, J. Z. (Julio Zuniga), Gregg, E. W. (Edward W.), and Ezzati, M. (Majid)

Abstract

High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world³ and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol—which is a marker of cardiovascular risk—changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million–4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions t

Published
2020

14. SAR Evaluation of Metallic Loop-like Accessory Effect of Broadband Wearable Planar Monopole Textile Antenna

Author

Zainal, H. H., Rahim, H. A., Soh, P. J., Lago, H., Rani, K. N. A., Zulkefli, M. S., Lee, Y. S., Yah, N. F. N., Zainal, H. H., Rahim, H. A., Soh, P. J., Lago, H., Rani, K. N. A., Zulkefli, M. S., Lee, Y. S., and Yah, N. F. N.

Abstract

This paper presents the investigation influence of the common metallic loop like accessory on Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) averaged over 10g and 1 g tissue.The simulations were made by means CST Microwave Studio software at frequencies 2.45GHz and 2.6GHz. Numerical analysis conducted using broadband textile monopole antenna (TM) with variations of orientation and distance showed that the SAR value increased when the antenna horizontally polarized.This is up to 80% more than vertically polarized TM placed closest item to 2mm.

Published
2018

15. Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Properties of Novel Green Composites Coconut Fiber Coir and Charcoal Powder over X-band Frequency for Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing Applications

Author

Yah, N. F. N., Rahim, H. A., Lee, Y. S., Wee, F. H., Zainal, H. H., Yah, N. F. N., Rahim, H. A., Lee, Y. S., Wee, F. H., and Zainal, H. H.

Abstract

This paper presents the electromagnetic wave (EW) absorption properties in terms of complex permittivity and permeability of novel green composites coconut fiber coir and charcoal powder materials. The samples were fabricated using the raw agricultural waste coconut fiber coir, charcoal powder, epoxy resin and hardener with varied composition. The dielectric properties of the materials were characterized using two-port waveguide measurement method over the X-band frequency (8.2 – 12.4GHz). The average permittivity value measured is approximately 3.00 with 10wt% charcoal has the highest permittivity of 3.59. Apart from that, all samples exhibit good reflection loss of better than -25dB which means more than 99% absorption rate. The result shows the composite material is a promising organic material for electromagnetic absorber applications.

Published
2018

16. Modelling the Micro environment of Liver Cancer Using 3D Culture System

Author

Amr Amin, Synan Abu-Qamar, Kirsten Sadler Edepli, Al Hrout, Ala’a Abdel Rahim H, Amr Amin, Synan Abu-Qamar, Kirsten Sadler Edepli, and Al Hrout, Ala’a Abdel Rahim H

Abstract

Tumor micro environment has been the focus of many studies that highlighted its essential contribution to tumorigenesis. A two-way communication between the tumor and the surrounding microenvironment sustains and contributes to the growth and metastasis of the tumor by several means, such as extracellular matrix remodeling, fibroblasts activation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Hepatocellular carcinoma progression and metastasis have been reported to be highly influenced by diverse microenvironmental elements. The main objective of this study is to create an in vitro model of liver cancer microenvironment that better recapitulate in vivo settings. The proposed model is based on three-dimensional co-culture system of liver cancer cells and non-malignant fibroblasts. The model presented herein exhibited a transcriptome profile associated with an aggressive phenotype that better mimics in vivo hepatocellular carcinoma, and therefore, a more reliable platform for anti-cancer drug screening

Published
2018

17. Genetic analysis and identification of SSR markers associated with rice blast disease in a BC2F1 backcross population

Author

Hasan, Nor' Aishah, Yusop, Mohd Rafii, Abdul Rahim, H., Syd Ali, Nusaibah, Mazlan, Norida, Abdullah, Shamsiah, Hasan, Nor' Aishah, Yusop, Mohd Rafii, Abdul Rahim, H., Syd Ali, Nusaibah, Mazlan, Norida, and Abdullah, Shamsiah

Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) blast disease is one of the most destructive rice diseases in the world. The fungal pathogen, Magnaporthe oryzae, is the causal agent of rice blast disease. Development of resistant cultivars is the most preferred method to achieve sustainable rice production. However, the effectiveness of resistant cultivars is hindered by the genetic plasticity of the pathogen genome. Therefore, information on genetic resistance and virulence stability are vital to increase our understanding of the molecular basis of blast disease resistance. The present study set out to elucidate the resistance pattern and identify potential simple sequence repeat markers linked with rice blast disease. A backcross population (BC2F1), derived from crossing MR264 and Pongsu Seribu 2 (PS2), was developed using marker-assisted backcross breeding. Twelve microsatellite markers carrying the blast resistance gene clearly demonstrated a polymorphic pattern between both parental lines. Among these, two markers, RM206 and RM5961, located on chromosome 11 exhibited the expected 1:1 testcross ratio in the BC2F1population. The 195 BC2F1 plants inoculated against M. oryzae pathotype P7.2 showed a significantly different distribution in the backcrossed generation and followed Mendelian segregation based on a single-gene model. This indicates that blast resistance in PS2 is governed by a single dominant gene, which is linked to RM206 and RM5961 on chromosome 11. The findings presented in this study could be useful for future blast resistance studies in rice breeding programs.

Published
2017

18. Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015:a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19.1 million participants

Author

Zhou, B. (Bin), Bentham, J. (James), Di Cesare, M. (Mariachiara), Bixby, H. (Honor), Danaei, G. (Goodarz), Cowan, M. J. (Melanie J.), Paciorek, C. J. (Christopher J.), Singh, G. (Gitanjali), Hajifathalian, K. (Kaveh), Bennett, J. E. (James E.), Taddei, C. (Cristina), Bilano, V. (Ver), Carrillo-Larco, R. M. (Rodrigo M.), Djalalinia, S. (Shirin), Khatibzadeh, S. (Shahab), Lugero, C. (Charles), Peykari, N. (Niloofar), Zhang, W. Z. (Wan Zhu), Lu, Y. (Yuan), Stevens, G. A. (Gretchen A.), Riley, L. M. (Leanne M.), Bovet, P. (Pascal), Elliott, P. (Paul), Gu, D. (Dongfeng), Ikeda, N. (Nayu), Jackson, R. T. (Rod T.), Joffres, M. (Michel), Kengne, A. P. (Andre Pascal), Laatikainen, T. (Tiina), Lam, T. H. (Tai Hing), Laxmaiah, A. (Avula), Liu, J. (Jing), Miranda, J. J. (J. Jaime), Mondo, C. K. (Charles K.), Neuhauser, H. K. (Hannelore K.), Sundstrom, J. (Johan), Smeeth, L. (Liam), Soric, M. (Maroje), Woodward, M. (Mark), Ezzati, M. (Majid), Abarca-Gomez, L. (Leandra), Abdeen, Z. A. (Ziad A.), Rahim, H. A. (Hanan Abdul), Abu-Rmeileh, N. M. (Niveen M.), Acosta-Cazares, B. (Benjamin), Adams, R. (Robert), Aekplakorn, W. (Wichai), Afsana, K. (Kaosar), Aguilar-Salinas, C. A. (Carlos A.), Agyemang, C. (Charles), Ahmadvand, A. (Alireza), Ahrens, W. (Wolfgang), Al Raddadi, R. (Rajaa), Al Woyatan, R. (Rihab), Ali, M. M. (Mohamed M.), Alkerwi, A. (Ala'a), Aly, E. (Eman), Amouyel, P. (Philippe), Amuzu, A. (Antoinette), Andersen, L. B. (Lars Bo), Anderssen, S. A. (Sigmund A.), Angquist, L. (Lars), Anjana, R. M. (Ranjit Mohan), Ansong, D. (Daniel), Aounallah-Skhiri, H. (Hajer), Araujo, J. (Joana), Ariansen, I. (Inger), Aris, T. (Tahir), Arlappa, N. (Nimmathota), Aryal, K. (Krishna), Arveiler, D. (Dominique), Assah, F. K. (Felix K.), Assuncao, M. C. (Maria Cecilia F.), Avdicova, M. (Maria), Azevedo, A. (Ana), Azizi, F. (Fereidoun), Babu, B. V. (Bontha V.), Bahijri, S. (Suhad), Balakrishna, N. (Nagalla), Bandosz, P. (Piotr), Banegas, J. R. (Jose R.), Barbagallo, C. M. (Carlo M.), Barcelo, A. (Alberto), Barkat, A. (Amina), Barros, A. J. (Aluisio J. D.), Barros, M. V. (Mauro V.), Bata, I. (Iqbal), Batieha, A. M. (Anwar M.), Baur, L. A. (Louise A.), Beaglehole, R. (Robert), Ben Romdhane, H. (Habiba), Benet, M. (Mikhail), Benson, L. S. (Lowell S.), Bernabe-Ortiz, A. (Antonio), Bernotiene, G. (Gailute), Bettiol, H. (Heloisa), Bhagyalaxmi, A. (Aroor), Bharadwaj, S. (Sumit), Bhargava, S. K. (Santosh K.), Bi, Y. (Yufang), Bikbov, M. (Mukharram), Bjerregaard, P. (Peter), Bjertness, E. (Espen), Bjokelund, C. (Cecilia), Blokstra, A. (Anneke), Bo, S. (Simona), Bobak, M. (Martin), Boeing, H. (Heiner), Boggia, J. G. (Jose G.), Boissonnet, C. P. (Carlos P.), Bongard, V. (Vanina), Braeckman, L. (Lutgart), Brajkovich, I. (Imperia), Branca, F. (Francesco), Breckenkamp, J. (Juergen), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Brewster, L. M. (Lizzy M.), Bruno, G. (Graziella), Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B. (H. B. (as)), Bugge, A. (Anna), Burns, C. (Con), Bursztyn, M. (Michael), de Leon, A. C. (Antonio Cabrera), Cameron, C. (Christine), Can, G. (Gunay), Candido, A. P. (Ana Paula C.), Capuano, V. (Vincenzo), Cardoso, V. C. (Viviane C.), Carlsson, A. C. (Axel C.), Carvalho, M. J. (Maria J.), Casanueva, F. F. (Felipe F.), Casas, J.-P. (Juan-Pablo), Caserta, C. A. (Carmelo A.), Chamukuttan, S. (Snehalatha), Chan, A. W. (Angelique W.), Chan, Q. (Queenie), Chaturvedi, H. K. (Himanshu K.), Chaturvedi, N. (Nishi), Chen, C.-J. (Chien-Jen), Chen, F. (Fangfang), Chen, H. (Huashuai), Chen, S. (Shuohua), Chen, Z. (Zhengming), Cheng, C.-Y. (Ching-Yu), Dekkaki, I. C. (Imane Cherkaoui), Chetrit, A. (Angela), Chiolero, A. (Arnaud), Chiou, S.-T. (Shu-Ti), Chirita-Emandi, A. (Adela), Cho, B. (Belong), Cho, Y. (Yumi), Chudek, J. (Jerzy), Cifkova, R. (Renata), Claessens, F. (Frank), Clays, E. (Els), Concin, H. (Hans), Cooper, C. (Cyrus), Cooper, R. (Rachel), Coppinger, T. C. (Tara C.), Costanzo, S. (Simona), Cottel, D. (Dominique), Cowell, C. (Chris), Craig, C. L. (Cora L.), Crujeiras, A. B. (Ana B.), Cruz, J. J. (Juan J.), D'Arrigo, G. (Graziella), d'Orsi, E. (Eleonora), Dallongeville, J. (Jean), Damasceno, A. (Albertino), Dankner, R. (Rachel), Dantoft, T. M. (Thomas M.), Dauchet, L. (Luc), De Backer, G. (Guy), de Gaetano, G. (Giovanni), De Henauw, S. (Stefaan), De Smedt, D. (Delphine), Deepa, M. (Mohan), Dehghan, A. (Abbas), Delisle, H. (Helene), Deschamps, V. (Valerie), Dhana, K. (Klodian), Di Castelnuovo, A. F. (Augusto F.), Dias-da-Costa, J. S. (Juvenal Soares), Diaz, A. (Alejandro), Dickerson, T. T. (Ty T.), Do, H. T. (Ha T. P.), Dobson, A. J. (Annette J.), Donfrancesco, C. (Chiara), Donoso, S. P. (Silvana P.), Doering, A. (Angela), Doua, K. (Kouamelan), Drygas, W. (Wojciech), Dulskiene, V. (Virginija), Dzakula, A. (Aleksandar), Dzerve, V. (Vilnis), Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, E. (Elzbieta), Eggertsen, R. (Robert), Ekelund, U. (Ulf), El Ati, J. (Jalila), Ellert, U. (Ute), Elosua, R. (Roberto), Erasmus, R. T. (Rajiv T.), Erem, C. (Cihangir), Eriksen, L. (Louise), Escobedo-de la Pena, J. (Jorge), Evans, A. (Alun), Faeh, D. (David), Fall, C. H. (Caroline H.), Farzadfar, F. (Farshad), Felix-Redondo, F. J. (Francisco J.), Ferguson, T. S. (Trevor S.), Fernandez-Berges, D. (Daniel), Ferrante, D. (Daniel), Ferrari, M. (Marika), Ferreccio, C. (Catterina), Ferrieres, J. (Jean), Finn, J. D. (Joseph D.), Fischer, K. (Krista), Foeger, B. (Bernhard), Foo, L. H. (Leng Huat), Forslund, A.-S. (Ann-Sofie), Forsner, M. (Maria), Fortmann, S. P. (Stephen P.), Fouad, H. M. (Heba M.), Francis, D. K. (Damian K.), Franco, M. d. (Maria do Carmo), Franco, O. H. (Oscar H.), Frontera, G. (Guillermo), Fuchs, F. D. (Flavio D.), Fuchs, S. C. (Sandra C.), Fujita, Y. (Yuki), Furusawa, T. (Takuro), Gaciong, Z. (Zbigniew), Gareta, D. (Dickman), Garnett, S. P. (Sarah P.), Gaspoz, J.-M. (Jean-Michel), Gasull, M. (Magda), Gates, L. (Louise), Gavrila, D. (Diana), Geleijnse, J. M. (Johanna M.), Ghasemian, A. (Anoosheh), Ghimire, A. (Anup), Giampaoli, S. (Simona), Gianfagna, F. (Francesco), Giovannelli, J. (Jonathan), Goldsmith, R. A. (Rebecca A.), Goncalves, H. (Helen), Gonzalez Gross, M. (Marcela), Gonzalez Rivas, J. P. (Juan P.), Gottrand, F. (Frederic), Graff-Iversen, S. (Sidsel), Grafnetter, D. (Dusan), Grajda, A. (Aneta), Gregor, R. D. (Ronald D.), Grodzicki, T. (Tomasz), Grontved, A. (Anders), Gruden, G. (Grabriella), Grujic, V. (Vera), Guan, O. P. (Ong Peng), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Guerrero, R. (Ramiro), Guessous, I. (Idris), Guimaraes, A. L. (Andre L.), Gulliford, M. C. (Martin C.), Gunnlaugsdottir, J. (Johanna), Gunter, M. (Marc), Gupta, P. C. (Prakash C.), Gureje, O. (Oye), Gurzkowska, B. (Beata), Gutierrez, L. (Laura), Gutzwiller, F. (Felix), Hadaegh, F. (Farzad), Halkjaer, J. (Jytte), Hambleton, I. R. (Ian R.), Hardy, R. (Rebecca), Harikumar, R. (Rachakulla), Hata, J. (Jun), Hayes, A. J. (Alison J.), He, J. (Jiang), Hendriks, M. E. (Marleen Elisabeth), Henriques, A. (Ana), Hernandez Cadena, L. (Leticia), . (), Herrala, S. (Sauli), Heshmat, R. (Ramin), Hihtaniemi, I. T. (Ilpo Tapani), Ho, S. Y. (Sai Yin), Ho, S. C. (Suzanne C.), Hobbs, M. (Michael), Hofman, A. (Albert), Dinc, G. H. (Gonul Horasan), Hormiga, C. M. (Claudia M.), Horta, B. L. (Bernardo L.), Houti, L. (Leila), Howitt, C. (Christina), Htay, T. T. (Thein Thein), Htet, A. S. (Aung Soe), Hu, Y. (Yonghua), Maria Huerta, J. (Jose), Husseini, A. S. (Abdullatif S.), Huybrechts, I. (Inge), Hwalla, N. (Nahla), Iacoviello, L. (Licia), Iannone, A. G. (Anna G.), Ibrahim, M. M. (M. Mohsen), Ikram, M. A. (M. Arfan), Irazola, V. E. (Vilma E.), Islam, M. (Muhammad), Ivkovic, V. (Vanja), Iwasaki, M. (Masanori), Jacobs, J. M. (Jeremy M.), Jafar, T. (Tazeen), Jamrozik, K. (Konrad), Janszky, I. (Imre), Jasienska, G. (Grazyna), Jelakovic, B. (Bojan), Jiang, C. Q. (Chao Qiang), Johansson, M. (Mattias), Jonas, J. B. (Jost B.), Jorgensen, T. (Torben), Joshi, P. (Pradeep), Juolevi, A. (Anne), Jurak, G. (Gregor), Juresa, V. (Vesna), Kaaks, R. (Rudolf), Kafatos, A. (Anthony), Kalter-Leibovici, O. (Ofra), Kamaruddin, N. A. (Nor Azmi), Kasaeian, A. (Amir), Katz, J. (Joanne), Kauhanen, J. (Jussi), Kaur, P. (Prabhdeep), Kavousi, M. (Maryam), Kazakbaeva, G. (Gyulli), Keil, U. (Ulrich), Boker, L. K. (Lital Keinan), Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, S. (Sirkka), Kelishadi, R. (Roya), Kemper, H. C. (Han C. G.), Kersting, M. (Mathilde), Key, T. (Timothy), Khader, Y. S. (Yousef Saleh), Khalili, D. (Davood), Khang, Y.-H. (Young-Ho), Khaw, K.-T. (Kay-Tee), Kiechl, S. (Stefan), Killewo, J. (Japhet), Kim, J. (Jeongseon), Klumbiene, J. (Jurate), Kolle, E. (Elin), Kolsteren, P. (Patrick), Korrovits, P. (Paul), Koskinen, S. (Seppo), Kouda, K. (Katsuyasu), Koziel, S. (Slawomir), Kristensen, P. L. (Peter Lund), Krokstad, S. (Steinar), Kromhout, D. (Daan), Kruger, H. S. (Herculina S.), Kubinova, R. (Ruzena), Kuciene, R. (Renata), Kuh, D. (Diana), Kujala, U. M. (Urho M.), Kula, K. (Krzysztof), Kulaga, Z. (Zbigniew), Kumar, R. K. (R. Krishna), Kurjata, P. (Pawel), Kusuma, Y. S. (Yadlapalli S.), Kuulasmaa, K. (Kari), Kyobutungi, C. (Catherine), Lachat, C. (Carl), Landrove, O. (Orlando), Lanska, V. (Vera), Lappas, G. (Georg), Larijani, B. (Bagher), Laugsand, L. E. (Lars E.), Le, T. D. (Tuyen D.), Leclercq, C. (Catherine), Lee, J. (Jeannette), Lee, J. (Jeonghee), Lehtimaki, T. (Terho), Lekhraj, R. (Rampal), Leon-Munoz, L. M. (Luz M.), Levitt, N. S. (Naomi S.), Li, Y. (Yanping), Lilly, C. L. (Christa L.), Lim, W.-Y. (Wei-Yen), Fernanda Lima-Costa, M. (M.), Lin, H.-H. (Hsien-Ho), Lin, X. (Xu), Linneberg, A. (Allan), Lissner, L. (Lauren), Litwin, M. (Mieczyslaw), Lorbeer, R. (Roberto), Lotufo, P. A. (Paulo A.), Eugenio Lozano, J. (Jose), Luksiene, D. (Dalia), Lundqvist, A. (Annamari), Lunet, N. (Nuno), Lytsy, P. (Per), Ma, G. (Guansheng), Ma, J. (Jun), Machado-Coelho, G. L. (George L. L.), Machi, S. (Suka), Maggi, S. (Stefania), Magliano, D. J. (Dianna J.), Majer, M. (Marjeta), Makdisse, M. (Marcia), Malekzadeh, R. (Reza), Malhotra, R. (Rahul), Rao, K. M. (Kodavanti Mallikharjuna), Malyutina, S. (Sofia), Manios, Y. (Yannis), Mann, J. I. (Jim I.), Manzato, E. (Enzo), Margozzini, P. (Paula), Marques-Vidal, P. (Pedro), Marrugat, J. (Jaume), Martorell, R. (Reynaldo), Mathiesen, E. B. (Ellisiv B.), Matijasevich, A. (Alicia), Matsha, T. E. (Tandi E.), Mbanya, J. C. (Jean Claude N.), Posso, A. J. (Anselmo J. Mc Donald), McFarlane, S. R. (Shelly R.), McGarvey, S. T. (Stephen T.), McLachlan, S. (Stela), McLean, R. M. (Rachael M.), McNulty, B. A. (Breige A.), Khir, A. S. (Amir Sharifuddin Md), Mediene-Benchekor, S. (Sounnia), Medzioniene, J. (Jurate), Meirhaeghe, A. (Aline), Meisinger, C. (Christa), Menezes, A. M. (Ana Maria B.), Menon, G. R. (Geetha R.), Meshram, I. I. (Indrapal I.), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Mi, J. (Jie), Mikkel, K. (Kairit), Miller, J. C. (Jody C.), Francisco Miquel, J. (Juan), Jaime Miranda, J. (J.), Misigoj-Durakovic, M. (Marjeta), Mohamed, M. K. (Mostafa K.), Mohammad, K. (Kazem), Mohammadifard, N. (Noushin), Mohan, V. (Viswanathan), Yusoff, M. F. (Muhammad Fadhli Mohd), Moller, N. C. (Niels C.), Molnar, D. (Denes), Momenan, A. (Amirabbas), Monyeki, K. D. (Kotsedi Daniel K.), Moreira, L. B. (Leila B.), Morejon, A. (Alain), Moreno, L. A. (Luis A.), Morgan, K. (Karen), Moschonis, G. (George), Mossakowska, M. (Malgorzata), Mostafa, A. (Aya), Mota, J. (Jorge), Motlagh, M. E. (Mohammad Esmaeel), Motta, J. (Jorge), Muiesan, M. L. (Maria L.), Mueller-Nurasyid, M. (Martina), Murphy, N. (Neil), Mursu, J. (Jaakko), Musil, V. (Vera), Nagel, G. (Gabriele), Naidu, B. M. (Balkish M.), Nakamura, H. (Harunobu), Namsna, J. (Jana), Nang, E. E. (Ei Ei K.), Nangia, V. B. (Vinay B.), Narake, S. (Sameer), Maria Navarrete-Munoz, E. (Eva), Ndiaye, N. C. (Ndeye Coumba), Neal, W. A. (William A.), Nenko, I. (Ilona), Nervi, F. (Flavio), Nguyen, N. D. (Nguyen D.), Nieto-Martinez, R. E. (Ramfis E.), Niiranen, T. J. (Teemu J.), Ning, G. (Guang), Ninomiya, T. (Toshiharu), Nishtar, S. (Sania), Noale, M. (Marianna), Noboa, O. A. (Oscar A.), Noorbala, A. A. (Ahmad Ali), Norat, T. (Teresa), Noto, D. (Davide), Al Nsour, M. (Mohannad), O'Reilly, D. (Dermot), Oh, K. (Kyungwon), Olinto, M. T. (Maria Teresa A.), Oliveira, I. O. (Isabel O.), Omar, M. A. (Mohd Azahadi), Onat, A. (Altan), Ordunez, P. (Pedro), Osmond, C. (Clive), Ostojic, S. M. (Sergej M.), Otero, J. A. (Johanna A.), Overvad, K. (Kim), Owusu-Dabo, E. (Ellis), Paccaud, F. M. (Fred Michel), Padez, C. (Cristina), Pahomova, E. (Elena), Pajak, A. (Andrzej), Palli, D. (Domenico), Palmieri, L. (Luigi), Panda-Jonas, S. (Songhomitra), Panza, F. (Francesco), Papandreou, D. (Dimitrios), Parnell, W. R. (Winsome R.), Parsaeian, M. (Mahboubeh), Pecin, I. (Ivan), Pednekar, M. S. (Mangesh S.), Peer, N. (Nasheeta), Peeters, P. H. (Petra H.), Peixoto, S. V. (Sergio Viana), Pelletier, C. (Catherine), Peltonen, M. (Markku), Pereira, A. C. (Alexandre C.), Marina Perez, R. (Rosa), Peters, A. (Annette), Petkeviciene, J. (Janina), Pigeot, I. (Iris), Pikhart, H. (Hynek), Pilav, A. (Aida), Pilotto, L. (Lorenza), Pitakaka, F. (Freda), Plans-Rubio, P. (Pedro), Polakowska, M. (Maria), Polasek, O. (Ozren), Porta, M. (Miquel), Portegies, M. L. (Marileen L. P.), Pourshams, A. (Akram), Pradeepa, R. (Rajendra), Prashant, M. (Mathur), Price, J. F. (Jacqueline F.), Puiu, M. (Maria), Punab, M. (Margus), Qasrawi, R. F. (Radwan F.), Qorbani, M. (Mostafa), Radic, I. (Ivana), Radisauskas, R. (Ricardas), Rahman, M. (Mahfuzar), Raitakari, O. (Olli), Raj, M. (Manu), Rao, S. R. (Sudha Ramachandra), Ramos, E. (Elisabete), Rampal, S. (Sanjay), Rangel Reina, D. A. (Daniel A.), Rasmussen, F. (Finn), Redon, J. (Josep), Reganit, P. F. (Paul Ferdinand M.), Ribeiro, R. (Robespierre), Riboli, E. (Elio), Rigo, F. (Fernando), de Wit, T. F. (Tobias F. Rinke), Ritti-Dias, R. M. (Raphael M.), Robinson, S. M. (Sian M.), Robitaille, C. (Cynthia), Rodriguez-Artalejo, F. (Fernando), Rodriguez-Villamizar, L. A. (Laura A.), Rojas-Martinez, R. (Rosalba), Rosengren, A. (Annika), Rubinstein, A. (Adolfo), Rui, O. (Ornelas), Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, B. (Blanca), Russo Horimoto, A. R. (Andrea R. V.), Rutkowski, M. (Marcin), Sabanayagam, C. (Charumathi), Sachdev, H. S. (Harshpal S.), Saidi, O. (Olfa), Sakarya, S. (Sibel), Salanave, B. (Benoit), Salazar Martinez, E. (Eduardo), Salmeron, D. (Diego), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Salonen, J. T. (Jukka T.), Salvetti, M. (Massimo), Sanchez-Abanto, J. (Jose), Sans, S. (Susana), Santos, D. (Diana), Santos, I. S. (Ina S.), dos Santos, R. N. (Renata Nunes), Santos, R. (Rute), Saramies, J. L. (Jouko L.), Sardinha, L. B. (Luis B.), Margolis, G. S. (Giselle Sarganas), Sarrafzadegan, N. (Nizal), Saum, K.-U. (Kai-Uwe), Savva, S. C. (Savvas C.), Scazufca, M. (Marcia), Schargrodsky, H. (Herman), Schneider, I. J. (Ione J.), Schultsz, C. (Constance), Schutte, A. E. (Aletta E.), Sen, A. (Abhijit), Senbanjo, I. O. (Idowu O.), Sepanlou, S. G. (Sadaf G.), Sharma, S. K. (Sanjib K.), Shaw, J. E. (Jonathan E.), Shibuya, K. (Kenji), Shin, D. W. (Dong Wook), Shin, Y. (Youchan), Siantar, R. (Rosalynn), Sibai, A. M. (Abla M.), Santos Silva, D. A. (Diego Augusto), Simon, M. (Mary), Simons, J. (Judith), Simons, L. A. (Leon A.), Sjotrom, M. (Michael), Skovbjerg, S. (Sine), Slowikowska-Hilczer, J. (Jolanta), Slusarczyk, P. (Przemyslaw), Smith, M. C. (Margaret C.), Snijder, M. B. (Marieke B.), So, H.-K. (Hung-Kwan), Sobngwi, E. (Eugene), Soderberg, S. (Stefan), Solfrizzi, V. (Vincenzo), Sonestedt, E. (Emily), Song, Y. (Yi), Sorensen, T. I. (Thorkild I. A.), Jerome, C. S. (Charles Sossa), Soumare, A. (Aicha), Staessen, J. A. (Jan A.), Starc, G. (Gregor), Stathopoulou, M. G. (Maria G.), Stavreski, B. (Bill), Steene-Johannessen, J. (Jostein), Stehle, P. (Peter), Stein, A. D. (Aryeh D.), Stergiou, G. S. (George S.), Stessman, J. (Jochanan), Stieber, J. (Jutta), Stoeckl, D. (Doris), Stocks, T. (Tanja), Stokwiszewski, J. (Jakub), Stronks, K. (Karien), Strufaldi, M. W. (Maria Wany), Sun, C.-A. (Chien-An), Sung, Y.-T. (Yn-Tz), Suriyawongpaisal, P. (Paibul), Sy, R. G. (Rody G.), Tai, E. S. (E. Shyong), Tammesoo, M.-L. (Mari-Liis), Tamosiunas, A. (Abdonas), Tang, L. (Line), Tang, X. (Xun), Tanser, F. (Frank), Tao, Y. (Yong), Tarawneh, M. R. (Mohammed Rasoul), Tarqui-Mamani, C. B. (Carolina B.), Taylor, A. (Anne), Theobald, H. (Holger), Thijs, L. (Lutgarde), Thuesen, B. H. (Betina H.), Tjonneland, A. (Anne), Tolonen, H. K. (Hanna K.), Topbas, M. (Murat), Topor-Madry, R. (Roman), Jose Tormo, M. (Maria), Torrent, M. (Maties), Traissac, P. (Pierre), Trichopoulos, D. (Dimitrios), Trichopoulou, A. (Antonia), Trinh, O. T. (Oanh T. H.), Trivedi, A. (Atul), Tshepo, L. (Lechaba), Tulloch-Reid, M. K. (Marshall K.), Tuomainen, T.-P. (Tomi-Pekka), Turley, M. L. (Maria L.), Tynelius, P. (Per), Tzourio, C. (Christophe), Ueda, P. (Peter), Ugel, E. (Eunice), Ulmer, H. (Hanno), Uusitalo, H. M. (Hannu M. T.), Valdivia, G. (Gonzalo), Valvi, D. (Damaskini), van der Schouw, Y. T. (Yvonne T.), Van Herck, K. (Koen), van Rossem, L. (Lenie), van Valkengoed, I. G. (Irene G. M.), Vanderschueren, D. (Dirk), Vanuzzo, D. (Diego), Vatten, L. (Lars), Vega, T. (Tomas), Velasquez-Melendez, G. (Gustavo), Veronesi, G. (Giovanni), Verschuren, W. M. (W. M. Monique), Verstraeten, R. (Roosmarijn), Victora, C. G. (Cesar G.), Viet, L. (Lucie), Viikari-Juntura, E. (Eira), Vineis, P. (Paolo), Vioque, J. (Jesus), Virtanen, J. K. (Jyrki K.), Visvikis-Siest, S. (Sophie), Viswanathan, B. (Bharathi), Vollenweider, P. (Peter), Vrdoljak, A. (Ana), Vrijheid, M. (Martine), Wade, A. N. (Alisha N.), Wagner, A. (Aline), Walton, J. (Janette), Mohamud, W. N. (Wan Nazaimoon Wan), Wang, M.-D. (Ming-Dong), Wang, Q. (Qian), Wang, Y. X. (Ya Xing), Wannamethee, S. G. (S. Goya), Wareham, N. (Nicholas), Wederkopp, N. (Niels), Weerasekera, D. (Deepa), Whincup, P. H. (Peter H.), Widhalm, K. (Kurt), Widyahening, I. S. (Indah S.), Wiecek, A. (Andrzej), Wijga, A. H. (Alet H.), Wilks, R. J. (Rainford J.), Willeit, P. (Peter), Williams, E. A. (Emmanuel A.), Wilsgaard, T. (Tom), Wojtyniak, B. (Bogdan), Wong, T. Y. (Tien Yin), Wong-McClure, R. A. (Roy A.), Woo, J. (Jean), Wu, A. G. (Aleksander Giwercman), Wu, F. C. (Frederick C.), Wu, S. L. (Shou Ling), Xu, H. (Haiquan), Yan, W. (Weili), Yang, X. (Xiaoguang), Ye, X. (Xingwang), Yiallouros, P. K. (Panayiotis K.), Yoshihara, A. (Akihiro), Younger-Coleman, N. O. (Novie O.), Yusoff, A. F. (Ahmad F.), Zambon, S. (Sabina), Zdrojewski, T. (Tomasz), Zeng, Y. (Yi), Zhao, D. (Dong), Zhao, W. (Wenhua), Zheng, Y. (Yingffeng), Zhu, D. (Dan), Zimmermann, E. (Esther), Zuniga Cisneros, J. (Julio), Zhou, B. (Bin), Bentham, J. (James), Di Cesare, M. (Mariachiara), Bixby, H. (Honor), Danaei, G. (Goodarz), Cowan, M. J. (Melanie J.), Paciorek, C. J. (Christopher J.), Singh, G. (Gitanjali), Hajifathalian, K. (Kaveh), Bennett, J. E. (James E.), Taddei, C. (Cristina), Bilano, V. (Ver), Carrillo-Larco, R. M. (Rodrigo M.), Djalalinia, S. (Shirin), Khatibzadeh, S. (Shahab), Lugero, C. (Charles), Peykari, N. (Niloofar), Zhang, W. Z. (Wan Zhu), Lu, Y. (Yuan), Stevens, G. A. (Gretchen A.), Riley, L. M. (Leanne M.), Bovet, P. (Pascal), Elliott, P. (Paul), Gu, D. (Dongfeng), Ikeda, N. (Nayu), Jackson, R. T. (Rod T.), Joffres, M. (Michel), Kengne, A. P. (Andre Pascal), Laatikainen, T. (Tiina), Lam, T. H. (Tai Hing), Laxmaiah, A. (Avula), Liu, J. (Jing), Miranda, J. J. (J. Jaime), Mondo, C. K. (Charles K.), Neuhauser, H. K. (Hannelore K.), Sundstrom, J. (Johan), Smeeth, L. (Liam), Soric, M. (Maroje), Woodward, M. (Mark), Ezzati, M. (Majid), Abarca-Gomez, L. (Leandra), Abdeen, Z. A. (Ziad A.), Rahim, H. A. (Hanan Abdul), Abu-Rmeileh, N. M. (Niveen M.), Acosta-Cazares, B. (Benjamin), Adams, R. (Robert), Aekplakorn, W. (Wichai), Afsana, K. (Kaosar), Aguilar-Salinas, C. A. (Carlos A.), Agyemang, C. (Charles), Ahmadvand, A. (Alireza), Ahrens, W. (Wolfgang), Al Raddadi, R. (Rajaa), Al Woyatan, R. (Rihab), Ali, M. M. (Mohamed M.), Alkerwi, A. (Ala'a), Aly, E. (Eman), Amouyel, P. (Philippe), Amuzu, A. (Antoinette), Andersen, L. B. (Lars Bo), Anderssen, S. A. (Sigmund A.), Angquist, L. (Lars), Anjana, R. M. (Ranjit Mohan), Ansong, D. (Daniel), Aounallah-Skhiri, H. (Hajer), Araujo, J. (Joana), Ariansen, I. (Inger), Aris, T. (Tahir), Arlappa, N. (Nimmathota), Aryal, K. (Krishna), Arveiler, D. (Dominique), Assah, F. K. (Felix K.), Assuncao, M. C. (Maria Cecilia F.), Avdicova, M. (Maria), Azevedo, A. (Ana), Azizi, F. (Fereidoun), Babu, B. V. (Bontha V.), Bahijri, S. (Suhad), Balakrishna, N. (Nagalla), Bandosz, P. (Piotr), Banegas, J. R. (Jose R.), Barbagallo, C. M. (Carlo M.), Barcelo, A. (Alberto), Barkat, A. (Amina), Barros, A. J. (Aluisio J. D.), Barros, M. V. (Mauro V.), Bata, I. (Iqbal), Batieha, A. M. (Anwar M.), Baur, L. A. (Louise A.), Beaglehole, R. (Robert), Ben Romdhane, H. (Habiba), Benet, M. (Mikhail), Benson, L. S. (Lowell S.), Bernabe-Ortiz, A. (Antonio), Bernotiene, G. (Gailute), Bettiol, H. (Heloisa), Bhagyalaxmi, A. (Aroor), Bharadwaj, S. (Sumit), Bhargava, S. K. (Santosh K.), Bi, Y. (Yufang), Bikbov, M. (Mukharram), Bjerregaard, P. (Peter), Bjertness, E. (Espen), Bjokelund, C. (Cecilia), Blokstra, A. (Anneke), Bo, S. (Simona), Bobak, M. (Martin), Boeing, H. (Heiner), Boggia, J. G. (Jose G.), Boissonnet, C. P. (Carlos P.), Bongard, V. (Vanina), Braeckman, L. (Lutgart), Brajkovich, I. (Imperia), Branca, F. (Francesco), Breckenkamp, J. (Juergen), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Brewster, L. M. (Lizzy M.), Bruno, G. (Graziella), Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B. (H. B. (as)), Bugge, A. (Anna), Burns, C. (Con), Bursztyn, M. (Michael), de Leon, A. C. (Antonio Cabrera), Cameron, C. (Christine), Can, G. (Gunay), Candido, A. P. (Ana Paula C.), Capuano, V. (Vincenzo), Cardoso, V. C. (Viviane C.), Carlsson, A. C. (Axel C.), Carvalho, M. J. (Maria J.), Casanueva, F. F. (Felipe F.), Casas, J.-P. (Juan-Pablo), Caserta, C. A. (Carmelo A.), Chamukuttan, S. (Snehalatha), Chan, A. W. (Angelique W.), Chan, Q. (Queenie), Chaturvedi, H. K. (Himanshu K.), Chaturvedi, N. (Nishi), Chen, C.-J. (Chien-Jen), Chen, F. (Fangfang), Chen, H. (Huashuai), Chen, S. (Shuohua), Chen, Z. (Zhengming), Cheng, C.-Y. (Ching-Yu), Dekkaki, I. C. (Imane Cherkaoui), Chetrit, A. (Angela), Chiolero, A. (Arnaud), Chiou, S.-T. (Shu-Ti), Chirita-Emandi, A. (Adela), Cho, B. (Belong), Cho, Y. (Yumi), Chudek, J. (Jerzy), Cifkova, R. (Renata), Claessens, F. (Frank), Clays, E. (Els), Concin, H. (Hans), Cooper, C. (Cyrus), Cooper, R. (Rachel), Coppinger, T. C. (Tara C.), Costanzo, S. (Simona), Cottel, D. (Dominique), Cowell, C. (Chris), Craig, C. L. (Cora L.), Crujeiras, A. B. (Ana B.), Cruz, J. J. (Juan J.), D'Arrigo, G. (Graziella), d'Orsi, E. (Eleonora), Dallongeville, J. (Jean), Damasceno, A. (Albertino), Dankner, R. (Rachel), Dantoft, T. M. (Thomas M.), Dauchet, L. (Luc), De Backer, G. (Guy), de Gaetano, G. (Giovanni), De Henauw, S. (Stefaan), De Smedt, D. (Delphine), Deepa, M. (Mohan), Dehghan, A. (Abbas), Delisle, H. (Helene), Deschamps, V. (Valerie), Dhana, K. (Klodian), Di Castelnuovo, A. F. (Augusto F.), Dias-da-Costa, J. S. (Juvenal Soares), Diaz, A. (Alejandro), Dickerson, T. T. (Ty T.), Do, H. T. (Ha T. P.), Dobson, A. J. (Annette J.), Donfrancesco, C. (Chiara), Donoso, S. P. (Silvana P.), Doering, A. (Angela), Doua, K. (Kouamelan), Drygas, W. (Wojciech), Dulskiene, V. (Virginija), Dzakula, A. (Aleksandar), Dzerve, V. (Vilnis), Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, E. (Elzbieta), Eggertsen, R. (Robert), Ekelund, U. (Ulf), El Ati, J. (Jalila), Ellert, U. (Ute), Elosua, R. (Roberto), Erasmus, R. T. (Rajiv T.), Erem, C. (Cihangir), Eriksen, L. (Louise), Escobedo-de la Pena, J. (Jorge), Evans, A. (Alun), Faeh, D. (David), Fall, C. H. (Caroline H.), Farzadfar, F. (Farshad), Felix-Redondo, F. J. (Francisco J.), Ferguson, T. S. (Trevor S.), Fernandez-Berges, D. (Daniel), Ferrante, D. (Daniel), Ferrari, M. (Marika), Ferreccio, C. (Catterina), Ferrieres, J. (Jean), Finn, J. D. (Joseph D.), Fischer, K. (Krista), Foeger, B. (Bernhard), Foo, L. H. (Leng Huat), Forslund, A.-S. (Ann-Sofie), Forsner, M. (Maria), Fortmann, S. P. (Stephen P.), Fouad, H. M. (Heba M.), Francis, D. K. (Damian K.), Franco, M. d. (Maria do Carmo), Franco, O. H. (Oscar H.), Frontera, G. (Guillermo), Fuchs, F. D. (Flavio D.), Fuchs, S. C. (Sandra C.), Fujita, Y. (Yuki), Furusawa, T. (Takuro), Gaciong, Z. (Zbigniew), Gareta, D. (Dickman), Garnett, S. P. (Sarah P.), Gaspoz, J.-M. (Jean-Michel), Gasull, M. (Magda), Gates, L. (Louise), Gavrila, D. (Diana), Geleijnse, J. M. (Johanna M.), Ghasemian, A. (Anoosheh), Ghimire, A. (Anup), Giampaoli, S. (Simona), Gianfagna, F. (Francesco), Giovannelli, J. (Jonathan), Goldsmith, R. A. (Rebecca A.), Goncalves, H. (Helen), Gonzalez Gross, M. (Marcela), Gonzalez Rivas, J. P. (Juan P.), Gottrand, F. (Frederic), Graff-Iversen, S. (Sidsel), Grafnetter, D. (Dusan), Grajda, A. (Aneta), Gregor, R. D. (Ronald D.), Grodzicki, T. (Tomasz), Grontved, A. (Anders), Gruden, G. (Grabriella), Grujic, V. (Vera), Guan, O. P. (Ong Peng), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Guerrero, R. (Ramiro), Guessous, I. (Idris), Guimaraes, A. L. (Andre L.), Gulliford, M. C. (Martin C.), Gunnlaugsdottir, J. (Johanna), Gunter, M. (Marc), Gupta, P. C. (Prakash C.), Gureje, O. (Oye), Gurzkowska, B. (Beata), Gutierrez, L. (Laura), Gutzwiller, F. (Felix), Hadaegh, F. (Farzad), Halkjaer, J. (Jytte), Hambleton, I. R. (Ian R.), Hardy, R. (Rebecca), Harikumar, R. (Rachakulla), Hata, J. (Jun), Hayes, A. J. (Alison J.), He, J. (Jiang), Hendriks, M. E. (Marleen Elisabeth), Henriques, A. (Ana), Hernandez Cadena, L. (Leticia), . (), Herrala, S. (Sauli), Heshmat, R. (Ramin), Hihtaniemi, I. T. (Ilpo Tapani), Ho, S. Y. (Sai Yin), Ho, S. C. (Suzanne C.), Hobbs, M. (Michael), Hofman, A. (Albert), Dinc, G. H. (Gonul Horasan), Hormiga, C. M. (Claudia M.), Horta, B. L. (Bernardo L.), Houti, L. (Leila), Howitt, C. (Christina), Htay, T. T. (Thein Thein), Htet, A. S. (Aung Soe), Hu, Y. (Yonghua), Maria Huerta, J. (Jose), Husseini, A. S. (Abdullatif S.), Huybrechts, I. (Inge), Hwalla, N. (Nahla), Iacoviello, L. (Licia), Iannone, A. G. (Anna G.), Ibrahim, M. M. (M. Mohsen), Ikram, M. A. (M. Arfan), Irazola, V. E. (Vilma E.), Islam, M. (Muhammad), Ivkovic, V. (Vanja), Iwasaki, M. (Masanori), Jacobs, J. M. (Jeremy M.), Jafar, T. (Tazeen), Jamrozik, K. (Konrad), Janszky, I. (Imre), Jasienska, G. (Grazyna), Jelakovic, B. (Bojan), Jiang, C. Q. (Chao Qiang), Johansson, M. (Mattias), Jonas, J. B. (Jost B.), Jorgensen, T. (Torben), Joshi, P. (Pradeep), Juolevi, A. (Anne), Jurak, G. (Gregor), Juresa, V. (Vesna), Kaaks, R. (Rudolf), Kafatos, A. (Anthony), Kalter-Leibovici, O. (Ofra), Kamaruddin, N. A. (Nor Azmi), Kasaeian, A. (Amir), Katz, J. (Joanne), Kauhanen, J. (Jussi), Kaur, P. (Prabhdeep), Kavousi, M. (Maryam), Kazakbaeva, G. (Gyulli), Keil, U. (Ulrich), Boker, L. K. (Lital Keinan), Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, S. (Sirkka), Kelishadi, R. (Roya), Kemper, H. C. (Han C. G.), Kersting, M. (Mathilde), Key, T. (Timothy), Khader, Y. S. (Yousef Saleh), Khalili, D. (Davood), Khang, Y.-H. (Young-Ho), Khaw, K.-T. (Kay-Tee), Kiechl, S. (Stefan), Killewo, J. (Japhet), Kim, J. (Jeongseon), Klumbiene, J. (Jurate), Kolle, E. (Elin), Kolsteren, P. (Patrick), Korrovits, P. (Paul), Koskinen, S. (Seppo), Kouda, K. (Katsuyasu), Koziel, S. (Slawomir), Kristensen, P. L. (Peter Lund), Krokstad, S. (Steinar), Kromhout, D. (Daan), Kruger, H. S. (Herculina S.), Kubinova, R. (Ruzena), Kuciene, R. (Renata), Kuh, D. (Diana), Kujala, U. M. (Urho M.), Kula, K. (Krzysztof), Kulaga, Z. (Zbigniew), Kumar, R. K. (R. Krishna), Kurjata, P. (Pawel), Kusuma, Y. S. (Yadlapalli S.), Kuulasmaa, K. (Kari), Kyobutungi, C. (Catherine), Lachat, C. (Carl), Landrove, O. (Orlando), Lanska, V. (Vera), Lappas, G. (Georg), Larijani, B. (Bagher), Laugsand, L. E. (Lars E.), Le, T. D. (Tuyen D.), Leclercq, C. (Catherine), Lee, J. (Jeannette), Lee, J. (Jeonghee), Lehtimaki, T. (Terho), Lekhraj, R. (Rampal), Leon-Munoz, L. M. (Luz M.), Levitt, N. S. (Naomi S.), Li, Y. (Yanping), Lilly, C. L. (Christa L.), Lim, W.-Y. (Wei-Yen), Fernanda Lima-Costa, M. (M.), Lin, H.-H. (Hsien-Ho), Lin, X. (Xu), Linneberg, A. (Allan), Lissner, L. (Lauren), Litwin, M. (Mieczyslaw), Lorbeer, R. (Roberto), Lotufo, P. A. (Paulo A.), Eugenio Lozano, J. (Jose), Luksiene, D. (Dalia), Lundqvist, A. (Annamari), Lunet, N. (Nuno), Lytsy, P. (Per), Ma, G. (Guansheng), Ma, J. (Jun), Machado-Coelho, G. L. (George L. L.), Machi, S. (Suka), Maggi, S. (Stefania), Magliano, D. J. (Dianna J.), Majer, M. (Marjeta), Makdisse, M. (Marcia), Malekzadeh, R. (Reza), Malhotra, R. (Rahul), Rao, K. M. (Kodavanti Mallikharjuna), Malyutina, S. (Sofia), Manios, Y. (Yannis), Mann, J. I. (Jim I.), Manzato, E. (Enzo), Margozzini, P. (Paula), Marques-Vidal, P. (Pedro), Marrugat, J. (Jaume), Martorell, R. (Reynaldo), Mathiesen, E. B. (Ellisiv B.), Matijasevich, A. (Alicia), Matsha, T. E. (Tandi E.), Mbanya, J. C. (Jean Claude N.), Posso, A. J. (Anselmo J. Mc Donald), McFarlane, S. R. (Shelly R.), McGarvey, S. T. (Stephen T.), McLachlan, S. (Stela), McLean, R. M. (Rachael M.), McNulty, B. A. (Breige A.), Khir, A. S. (Amir Sharifuddin Md), Mediene-Benchekor, S. (Sounnia), Medzioniene, J. (Jurate), Meirhaeghe, A. (Aline), Meisinger, C. (Christa), Menezes, A. M. (Ana Maria B.), Menon, G. R. (Geetha R.), Meshram, I. I. (Indrapal I.), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Mi, J. (Jie), Mikkel, K. (Kairit), Miller, J. C. (Jody C.), Francisco Miquel, J. (Juan), Jaime Miranda, J. (J.), Misigoj-Durakovic, M. (Marjeta), Mohamed, M. K. (Mostafa K.), Mohammad, K. (Kazem), Mohammadifard, N. (Noushin), Mohan, V. (Viswanathan), Yusoff, M. F. (Muhammad Fadhli Mohd), Moller, N. C. (Niels C.), Molnar, D. (Denes), Momenan, A. (Amirabbas), Monyeki, K. D. (Kotsedi Daniel K.), Moreira, L. B. (Leila B.), Morejon, A. (Alain), Moreno, L. A. (Luis A.), Morgan, K. (Karen), Moschonis, G. (George), Mossakowska, M. (Malgorzata), Mostafa, A. (Aya), Mota, J. (Jorge), Motlagh, M. E. (Mohammad Esmaeel), Motta, J. (Jorge), Muiesan, M. L. (Maria L.), Mueller-Nurasyid, M. (Martina), Murphy, N. (Neil), Mursu, J. (Jaakko), Musil, V. (Vera), Nagel, G. (Gabriele), Naidu, B. M. (Balkish M.), Nakamura, H. (Harunobu), Namsna, J. (Jana), Nang, E. E. (Ei Ei K.), Nangia, V. B. (Vinay B.), Narake, S. (Sameer), Maria Navarrete-Munoz, E. (Eva), Ndiaye, N. C. (Ndeye Coumba), Neal, W. A. (William A.), Nenko, I. (Ilona), Nervi, F. (Flavio), Nguyen, N. D. (Nguyen D.), Nieto-Martinez, R. E. (Ramfis E.), Niiranen, T. J. (Teemu J.), Ning, G. (Guang), Ninomiya, T. (Toshiharu), Nishtar, S. (Sania), Noale, M. (Marianna), Noboa, O. A. (Oscar A.), Noorbala, A. A. (Ahmad Ali), Norat, T. (Teresa), Noto, D. (Davide), Al Nsour, M. (Mohannad), O'Reilly, D. (Dermot), Oh, K. (Kyungwon), Olinto, M. T. (Maria Teresa A.), Oliveira, I. O. (Isabel O.), Omar, M. A. (Mohd Azahadi), Onat, A. (Altan), Ordunez, P. (Pedro), Osmond, C. (Clive), Ostojic, S. M. (Sergej M.), Otero, J. A. (Johanna A.), Overvad, K. (Kim), Owusu-Dabo, E. (Ellis), Paccaud, F. M. (Fred Michel), Padez, C. (Cristina), Pahomova, E. (Elena), Pajak, A. (Andrzej), Palli, D. (Domenico), Palmieri, L. (Luigi), Panda-Jonas, S. (Songhomitra), Panza, F. (Francesco), Papandreou, D. (Dimitrios), Parnell, W. R. (Winsome R.), Parsaeian, M. (Mahboubeh), Pecin, I. (Ivan), Pednekar, M. S. (Mangesh S.), Peer, N. (Nasheeta), Peeters, P. H. (Petra H.), Peixoto, S. V. (Sergio Viana), Pelletier, C. (Catherine), Peltonen, M. (Markku), Pereira, A. C. (Alexandre C.), Marina Perez, R. (Rosa), Peters, A. (Annette), Petkeviciene, J. (Janina), Pigeot, I. (Iris), Pikhart, H. (Hynek), Pilav, A. (Aida), Pilotto, L. (Lorenza), Pitakaka, F. (Freda), Plans-Rubio, P. (Pedro), Polakowska, M. (Maria), Polasek, O. (Ozren), Porta, M. (Miquel), Portegies, M. L. (Marileen L. P.), Pourshams, A. (Akram), Pradeepa, R. (Rajendra), Prashant, M. (Mathur), Price, J. F. (Jacqueline F.), Puiu, M. (Maria), Punab, M. (Margus), Qasrawi, R. F. (Radwan F.), Qorbani, M. (Mostafa), Radic, I. (Ivana), Radisauskas, R. (Ricardas), Rahman, M. (Mahfuzar), Raitakari, O. (Olli), Raj, M. (Manu), Rao, S. R. (Sudha Ramachandra), Ramos, E. (Elisabete), Rampal, S. (Sanjay), Rangel Reina, D. A. (Daniel A.), Rasmussen, F. (Finn), Redon, J. (Josep), Reganit, P. F. (Paul Ferdinand M.), Ribeiro, R. (Robespierre), Riboli, E. (Elio), Rigo, F. (Fernando), de Wit, T. F. (Tobias F. Rinke), Ritti-Dias, R. M. (Raphael M.), Robinson, S. M. (Sian M.), Robitaille, C. (Cynthia), Rodriguez-Artalejo, F. (Fernando), Rodriguez-Villamizar, L. A. (Laura A.), Rojas-Martinez, R. (Rosalba), Rosengren, A. (Annika), Rubinstein, A. (Adolfo), Rui, O. (Ornelas), Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, B. (Blanca), Russo Horimoto, A. R. (Andrea R. V.), Rutkowski, M. (Marcin), Sabanayagam, C. (Charumathi), Sachdev, H. S. (Harshpal S.), Saidi, O. (Olfa), Sakarya, S. (Sibel), Salanave, B. (Benoit), Salazar Martinez, E. (Eduardo), Salmeron, D. (Diego), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Salonen, J. T. (Jukka T.), Salvetti, M. (Massimo), Sanchez-Abanto, J. (Jose), Sans, S. (Susana), Santos, D. (Diana), Santos, I. S. (Ina S.), dos Santos, R. N. (Renata Nunes), Santos, R. (Rute), Saramies, J. L. (Jouko L.), Sardinha, L. B. (Luis B.), Margolis, G. S. (Giselle Sarganas), Sarrafzadegan, N. (Nizal), Saum, K.-U. (Kai-Uwe), Savva, S. C. (Savvas C.), Scazufca, M. (Marcia), Schargrodsky, H. (Herman), Schneider, I. J. (Ione J.), Schultsz, C. (Constance), Schutte, A. E. (Aletta E.), Sen, A. (Abhijit), Senbanjo, I. O. (Idowu O.), Sepanlou, S. G. (Sadaf G.), Sharma, S. K. (Sanjib K.), Shaw, J. E. (Jonathan E.), Shibuya, K. (Kenji), Shin, D. W. (Dong Wook), Shin, Y. (Youchan), Siantar, R. (Rosalynn), Sibai, A. M. (Abla M.), Santos Silva, D. A. (Diego Augusto), Simon, M. (Mary), Simons, J. (Judith), Simons, L. A. (Leon A.), Sjotrom, M. 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(Yong), Tarawneh, M. R. (Mohammed Rasoul), Tarqui-Mamani, C. B. (Carolina B.), Taylor, A. (Anne), Theobald, H. (Holger), Thijs, L. (Lutgarde), Thuesen, B. H. (Betina H.), Tjonneland, A. (Anne), Tolonen, H. K. (Hanna K.), Topbas, M. (Murat), Topor-Madry, R. (Roman), Jose Tormo, M. (Maria), Torrent, M. (Maties), Traissac, P. (Pierre), Trichopoulos, D. (Dimitrios), Trichopoulou, A. (Antonia), Trinh, O. T. (Oanh T. H.), Trivedi, A. (Atul), Tshepo, L. (Lechaba), Tulloch-Reid, M. K. (Marshall K.), Tuomainen, T.-P. (Tomi-Pekka), Turley, M. L. (Maria L.), Tynelius, P. (Per), Tzourio, C. (Christophe), Ueda, P. (Peter), Ugel, E. (Eunice), Ulmer, H. (Hanno), Uusitalo, H. M. (Hannu M. T.), Valdivia, G. (Gonzalo), Valvi, D. (Damaskini), van der Schouw, Y. T. (Yvonne T.), Van Herck, K. (Koen), van Rossem, L. (Lenie), van Valkengoed, I. G. (Irene G. M.), Vanderschueren, D. (Dirk), Vanuzzo, D. (Diego), Vatten, L. (Lars), Vega, T. (Tomas), Velasquez-Melendez, G. (Gustavo), Veronesi, G. (Giovanni), Verschuren, W. M. (W. M. Monique), Verstraeten, R. (Roosmarijn), Victora, C. G. (Cesar G.), Viet, L. (Lucie), Viikari-Juntura, E. (Eira), Vineis, P. (Paolo), Vioque, J. (Jesus), Virtanen, J. K. (Jyrki K.), Visvikis-Siest, S. (Sophie), Viswanathan, B. (Bharathi), Vollenweider, P. (Peter), Vrdoljak, A. (Ana), Vrijheid, M. (Martine), Wade, A. N. (Alisha N.), Wagner, A. (Aline), Walton, J. (Janette), Mohamud, W. N. (Wan Nazaimoon Wan), Wang, M.-D. (Ming-Dong), Wang, Q. (Qian), Wang, Y. X. (Ya Xing), Wannamethee, S. G. (S. Goya), Wareham, N. (Nicholas), Wederkopp, N. (Niels), Weerasekera, D. (Deepa), Whincup, P. H. (Peter H.), Widhalm, K. (Kurt), Widyahening, I. S. (Indah S.), Wiecek, A. (Andrzej), Wijga, A. H. (Alet H.), Wilks, R. J. (Rainford J.), Willeit, P. (Peter), Williams, E. A. (Emmanuel A.), Wilsgaard, T. (Tom), Wojtyniak, B. (Bogdan), Wong, T. Y. (Tien Yin), Wong-McClure, R. A. (Roy A.), Woo, J. (Jean), Wu, A. G. (Aleksander Giwercman), Wu, F. C. (Frederick C.), Wu, S. L. (Shou Ling), Xu, H. (Haiquan), Yan, W. (Weili), Yang, X. (Xiaoguang), Ye, X. (Xingwang), Yiallouros, P. K. (Panayiotis K.), Yoshihara, A. (Akihiro), Younger-Coleman, N. O. (Novie O.), Yusoff, A. F. (Ahmad F.), Zambon, S. (Sabina), Zdrojewski, T. (Tomasz), Zeng, Y. (Yi), Zhao, D. (Dong), Zhao, W. (Wenhua), Zheng, Y. (Yingffeng), Zhu, D. (Dan), Zimmermann, E. (Esther), and Zuniga Cisneros, J. (Julio)

Abstract

Background: Raised blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. We estimated worldwide trends in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of, and number of people with, raised blood pressure, defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher. Methods: For this analysis, we pooled national, subnational, or community population-based studies that had measured blood pressure in adults aged 18 years and older. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2015 in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of raised blood pressure for 200 countries. We calculated the contributions of changes in prevalence versus population growth and ageing to the increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure. Findings: We pooled 1479 studies that had measured the blood pressures of 19.1 million adults. Global age-standardised mean systolic blood pressure in 2015 was 127.0 mm Hg (95% credible interval 125.7–128.3) in men and 122.3 mm Hg (121.0–123.6) in women; age-standardised mean diastolic blood pressure was 78.7 mm Hg (77.9–79.5) for men and 76.7 mm Hg (75.9–77.6) for women. Global age-standardised prevalence of raised blood pressure was 24.1% (21.4–27.1) in men and 20.1% (17.8–22.5) in women in 2015. Mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure decreased substantially from 1975 to 2015 in high-income western and Asia Pacific countries, moving these countries from having some of the highest worldwide blood pressure in 1975 to the lowest in 2015. Mean blood pressure also decreased in women in central and eastern Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, and, more recently, central Asia, Middle East, and north Africa, but the estimated trends in these super-regions had larger uncertainty than in high-income super-regions. By contrast, mean blood pressure might have increased in

Published
2017

19. Applied light-side coupling with optimized spiral-patterned zinc oxide nanorod coatings for multiple optical channel alcohol vapor sensing

Author

Bin Abdul Rahim, H. R., Bin Lokman, M. Q., Harun, S. W., Hornyak, G. L., Sterckx, K., Mohammed, W. S., Dutta, Joydeep, Bin Abdul Rahim, H. R., Bin Lokman, M. Q., Harun, S. W., Hornyak, G. L., Sterckx, K., Mohammed, W. S., and Dutta, Joydeep

Abstract

The width of spiral-patterned zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod coatings on plastic optical fiber (POF) was optimized theoretically for light-side coupling and found to be 5 mm. Structured ZnO nanorods were grown on large core POFs for the purpose of alcohol vapor sensing. The aim of the spiral patterns was to enhance signal transmission by reduction of the effective ZnO growth area, thereby minimizing light leakage due to backscattering. The sensing mechanism utilized changes in the output signal due to adsorption of methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol vapors. Three spectral bands consisting of red (620 to 750 nm), green (495 to 570 nm), and blue (450 to 495 nm) were applied in measurements. The range of relative intensity modulation (RIM) was determined to be for concentrations between 25 to 300 ppm. Methanol presented the strongest response compared to ethanol and isopropanol in all three spectral channels. With regard to alcohol detection RIM by spectral band, the green channel demonstrated the highest RIM values followed by the blue and red channels, respectively., QC 20161212

Published
2016
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20. A new approach for solving systems of fractional differential equations via natural transform

Author

Rady, A. S Abedl, Rida, S. Z, Arafa, A. A. M, Rahim, H. R Abedl, Rady, A. S Abedl, Rida, S. Z, Arafa, A. A. M, and Rahim, H. R Abedl

Abstract

In this paper, A new method proposed and coined by the authors as the natural variational iteration  transform method(NVITM) is utilized to solve linear and nonlinear systems of fractional differential equations. The new method is a combination of natural transform method and variational iteration method. The solutions of our modeled systems are calculated in the form of convergent power series with easily computable components. The numerical results shows that the approach is easy to implement and accurate when applied to various linear and nonlinear systems of fractional differential equations.

Published
2016

21. Cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes mortality burden of cardiometabolic risk factors from 1980 to 2010: A comparative risk assessment

Author

Danaei, G, Lu, Y, Singh, G, Carnahan, E, Stevens, G, Cowan, M, Farzadfar, F, Lin, J, Finucane, M, Rao, M, Khang, Y, Riley, L, Arian, D, Lim, S, Ezzati, M, Aamodt, G, Abdeen, Z, Abdella, N, Rahim, H, Addo, J, Aekplakorn, W, Afifi, M, Agabiti-Rosei, E, Salinas, C, Agyemang, C, Ali, M, Al-Nsour, M, Al-Nuaim, A, Ambady, R, Angelantonio, E, Aro, P, Azizi, F, Babu, B, Bahalim, A, Barbagallo, C, Barbieri, M, Barceló, A, Barreto, S, Barros, H, Bautista, L, Benetos, A, Bjerregaard, P, Björkelund, C, Bo, S, Bobak, M, Bonora, E, Botana, M, Bovet, P, Breckenkamp, J, Breteler, M, Broda, G, Brown, I, Bursztyn, M, de León, A, Campos, H, Cappuccio, F, Capuano, V, Casiglia, E, Castellano, M, Castetbon, K, Cea, L, Chang, C, Chaouki, N, Chatterji, S, Chen, C, Chen, Z, Choi, J, Chua, L, Cífková, R, Cobiac, L, Cooper, R, Corsi, A, Costanza, M, Craig, C, Dankner, R, Dastgiri, S, Delgado, E, Dinc, G, Doi, Y, Dong, G, Dorsi, E, Dragano, N, Drewnowski, A, Eggertsen, R, Elliott, P, Engeland, A, Erem, C, 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Zhou, M, Danaei, Goodarz, Lu, Yuan, Singh, Gitanjali M, Carnahan, Emily, Stevens, Gretchen A, Cowan, Melanie J, Farzadfar, Farshad, Lin, John K, Finucane, Mariel M, Rao, Mayuree, Khang, Young-Ho, Riley, Leanne M, Arian, Dariush Mozaff, Lim, Stephen S, Ezzati, Majid, Aamodt, Geir, Abdeen, Ziad, Abdella, Nabila A, Rahim, Hanan F Abdul, Addo, Juliet, Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afifi, Mustafa M, Agabiti-Rosei, Enrico, Salinas, Carlos A Aguilar, Agyemang, Charles, Ali, Mohammed K, Ali, Mohamed M, Al-Nsour, Mohannad, Al-Nuaim, Abdul R, Ambady, Ramachandran, Angelantonio, Emanuele Di, Aro, Pertti, Azizi, Fereidoun, Babu, Bontha V, Bahalim, Adil N, Barbagallo, Carlo M, Barbieri, Marco A, Barceló, Alberto, Barreto, Sandhi M, Barros, Henrique, Bautista, Leonelo E, Benetos, Athanase, Bjerregaard, Peter, Björkelund, Cecilia, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Bonora, Enzo, Botana, Manuel A, Bovet, Pascal, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Breteler, Monique M, Broda, Grazyna, Brown, Ian J, Bursztyn, Michael, de León, Antonio Cabrera, Campos, Hannia, Cappuccio, Francesco P, Capuano, Vincenzo, Casiglia, Edoardo, Castellano, Maurizio, Castetbon, Katia, Cea, Luis, Chang, Chih-Jen, Chaouki, Noureddine, Chatterji, Somnath, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Zhengming, Choi, Jin-Su, Chua, Lily, Cífková, Renata, Cobiac, Linda J, Cooper, Richard S, Corsi, Anna Maria, Costanza, Michael C, Craig, Cora L, Dankner, Rachel S, Dastgiri, Saeed, Delgado, Elias, Dinc, Gonul, Doi, Yasufumi, Dong, Guang-Hui, Dorsi, Eleonora, Dragano, Nico, Drewnowski, Adam, Eggertsen, Robert, Elliott, Paul, Engeland, Anders, Erem, Cihangir, Esteghamati, Alireza, Fall, Caroline H D, Fan, Jian-Gao, Ferreccio, Catterina, Fezeu, Leopold, Firmo, Josélia O, Florez, Hermes J, Fornés, Nélida S, Fowkes, F Gerry R, Franceschini, Guido, Frisk, Fredrik, Fuchs, Flávio D, Fuller, Eva L, Getz, Linn, Giampaoli, Simona, Gómez, Luis F, Gomez-Zumaquero, Juan M, Iversen, Sidsel Graff, Grant, Janet F, Carvajal, Ramiro Guerrero, Gulliford, Martin C, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Prakash C, Gureje, Oye, Gutierrez, Hialy R, Hansen, Tine W, Hata, Jun, He, Jiang, Heim, Noor, Heinrich, Joachim, Hemmingsson, Tomas, Hennis, Anselm, Herman, William H, Herrera, Victor M, Ho, Suzanne, Holdsworth, Michelle, Frisman, Gunilla Hollman, Hopman, Wilma M, Hussain, Akhtar, Husseini, Abdullatif, Ibrahim, M Mohsen, Ikeda, Nayu, Jacobsen, Bjarne K, Jaddou, Hashem Y, Jafar, Tazeen H, Janghorbani, Mohsen, Jasienska, Grazyna, Joffres, Michel R, Jonas, Jost B, Kadiki, Othman A, Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra, Kamadjeu, Raoul M, Kaptoge, Stephen, Karalis, Ioannis, Kastarinen, Mika J, Katz, Joanne, Keinan-Boker, Lital, Kelly, Paul, Khalilzadeh, Omid, Kiechl, Stefan, Kim, Ki Woong, Kiyohara, Yutaka, Kobayashi, Junji, Krause, Maressa P, Kubínová, Ružena, Kurjata, Pawel, Kusuma, Yadlapalli S, Lam, Tai H, Langhammer, Arnulf, Lawes, Carlene M M, Le, Cai, Lee, Jeannette, Lévy-Marchal, Claire, Lewington, Sarah, Li, Yanping, Li, Yuqiu, Lim, T O, Lin, Xu, Lin, Cheng-Chieh, Lin, Hsien-Ho, Lind, Lars, Lissner, Lauren, Liu, Xiaoqing, Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio, Lorbeer, Roberto, Ma, Guansheng, Ma, Stefan, Macià, Francesc, Maclean, David R, Maggi, Stefania, Magliano, Dianna J, Makdisse, Marcia, Mancia, Giuseppe, Mannami, Toshifumi, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Mbanya, Jean Claude N, McFarlane-Anderson, Norma, Miccoli, Roberto, Miettola, Juhani, Minh, Hoang V, Miquel, Juan F, Miranda, J Jaime, Mohamed, Mostafa K, Mohan, V., Mohanna, Salim, Mokdad, Ali, Mollentze, Willem F, Morales, Dante D, Morgan, Karen, Lorenza M Muiesan, null, Muntoni, Sergio, Nabipour, Iraj, Nakagami, Tomoko, Nangia, Vinay, Nemesure, Barbara, Neovius, Martin, Nerhus, Kjersti A, Nervi, Flavio, Neuhauser, Hannelore, Nguyen, Minh, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Noale, Marianna, Oh, Sang W, Ohkubo, Takayoshi, Olivieri, Oliviero, önal, Ayse Emel, Onat, Altan, Oróstegui, Myriam, Ouedraogo, Hermann, Pan, Wen-Harn, Panagiotakos, Demosthenes B, Panza, Francesco, Park, Yongsoo, Passos, Valeria M A, Pednekar, Mangesh S, Pelizzari, Pamela M, Peres, Marco A, Cynthia Pérez, null, Pérez-Fernández, Román, Pichardo, Rafael, Phua, Hwee Pin, Pistelli, Francesco, Plans, Pedro, Polakowska, Maria, Poulter, Neil, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Qiao, Qing, Rafiei, Masoud, Raitakari, Olli T, Ramos, Luiz R, Rampal, Sanjay, Rampal, Lekhraj, Rasmussen, Finn, Reddy, Kanala K R, Redon, Josep, Revilla, Luis, Reyes-García, Victoria, Roaeid, Ragab B, Robinson, Carolyn A, Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando, Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Ronkainen, Kimmo, Rosero-Bixby, Luis, Roth, Gregory A, Sachdev, Harshpal S, Sánchez, José R, Sanisoglu, Selim Y, Sans, Susana, Sarraf-Zadegan, Nizal, Scazufca, Marcia, Schaan, Beatriz D, Schapochnik, Norberto, Schelleman, Hedi, Schneider, Ione J C, Schooling, C Mary, Schwarz, Bernhard, Sekuri, Cevad, Sereday, Martha S, Serra-Majem, Lluís, Shaw, Jonathan, Shera, Abdul S, Shi, Zumin, Shiri, Rahman, Shu, Xiao Ou, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, Eglé, Simons, Leon A, Smith, Margaret, Söderberg, Stefan, Soebardi, Suharko, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Sonestedt, Emily, Soysal, Ahmet, Stattin, Pär, Stein, Aryeh D, Stergiou, George S, Stessman, Jochanan, Sudo, Akihiro, Suka, Machi, Sundh, Valter, Sundquist, Kristina, Sundström, Johan, Swai, Andrew B, Tai, E Shyong, Tambs, Kristian, Tesfaye, Fikru, Thomas, George N, Thorogood, Margaret, Tilvis, Reijo S, Tobias, Martin, Torheim, Liv E, Trenkwalder, Peter, Tuomilehto, Jaakko O, Tur, Josep A, Tzourio, Christophe, Uhernik, Ana I, Ukoli, Flora A, Unwin, Nigel, Hoorn, Stephen Vander, Vanderpump, Mark P, Varo, Jose Javier, Veierød, Marit B, Velásquez-Meléndez, Gustavo, Verschuren, Monique, Viet, Lucie, Villalpando, Salvador, Vioque, Jesus, Vollenweider, Peter, Volpato, Stefano, Wang, Ningli, Wang, Ya X, Ward, Mark, Waspadji, Sarwono, Lennart X Welin, null, Whitlock, Gary, Wilhelmsen, Lars, Willeit, Johann, Woodward, Mark, Wormser, David, André J Xavier, null, Xu, Fei, Xu, Liang, Yamamoto, Akira, Yang, Gonghuan, Yang, Xiaoguang, Yeh, Li-Chia, Yoon, Jin-Sang, You, Qisheng, Yu, Zhijie, Zhang, Jian, Zhang, Lei, Zheng, Wei, Zhou, Maigeng, Danaei, G, Lu, Y, Singh, G, Carnahan, E, Stevens, G, Cowan, M, Farzadfar, F, Lin, J, Finucane, M, Rao, M, Khang, Y, Riley, L, Arian, D, Lim, S, Ezzati, M, Aamodt, G, Abdeen, Z, Abdella, N, Rahim, H, Addo, J, Aekplakorn, W, Afifi, M, Agabiti-Rosei, E, Salinas, C, Agyemang, C, Ali, M, Al-Nsour, M, Al-Nuaim, A, Ambady, R, Angelantonio, E, Aro, P, Azizi, F, Babu, B, Bahalim, A, Barbagallo, C, Barbieri, M, Barceló, A, Barreto, S, Barros, H, Bautista, L, Benetos, A, Bjerregaard, P, Björkelund, C, Bo, S, Bobak, M, Bonora, E, Botana, M, Bovet, P, Breckenkamp, J, Breteler, M, Broda, G, Brown, I, Bursztyn, M, de León, A, Campos, H, Cappuccio, F, Capuano, V, Casiglia, E, Castellano, M, Castetbon, K, Cea, L, Chang, C, Chaouki, N, Chatterji, S, Chen, C, Chen, Z, Choi, J, Chua, L, Cífková, R, Cobiac, L, Cooper, R, Corsi, A, Costanza, M, Craig, C, Dankner, R, Dastgiri, S, Delgado, E, Dinc, G, Doi, Y, Dong, G, Dorsi, E, Dragano, N, Drewnowski, A, Eggertsen, R, Elliott, P, Engeland, A, Erem, C, Esteghamati, A, Fall, C, Fan, J, Ferreccio, C, Fezeu, L, Firmo, J, Florez, H, Fornés, N, Fowkes, F, Franceschini, G, Frisk, F, Fuchs, F, Fuller, E, Getz, L, Giampaoli, S, Gómez, L, Gomez-Zumaquero, J, Iversen, S, Grant, J, Carvajal, R, Gulliford, M, Gupta, R, Gupta, P, Gureje, O, Gutierrez, H, Hansen, T, Hata, J, He, J, Heim, N, Heinrich, J, Hemmingsson, T, Hennis, A, Herman, W, Herrera, V, Ho, S, Holdsworth, M, Frisman, G, Hopman, W, Hussain, A, Husseini, A, Ibrahim, M, Ikeda, N, Jacobsen, B, Jaddou, H, Jafar, T, Janghorbani, M, Jasienska, G, Joffres, M, Jonas, J, Kadiki, O, Kalter-Leibovici, O, Kamadjeu, R, Kaptoge, S, Karalis, I, Kastarinen, M, Katz, J, Keinan-Boker, L, Kelly, P, Khalilzadeh, O, Kiechl, S, Kim, K, Kiyohara, Y, Kobayashi, J, Krause, M, Kubínová, R, Kurjata, P, Kusuma, Y, Lam, T, Langhammer, A, Lawes, C, Le, C, Lee, J, Lévy-Marchal, C, Lewington, S, Li, Y, Lim, T, Lin, X, Lin, C, Lin, H, Lind, L, Lissner, L, Liu, X, Lopez-Jaramillo, P, Lorbeer, R, Ma, G, Ma, S, Macià, F, Maclean, D, Maggi, S, Magliano, D, Makdisse, M, Mancia, G, Mannami, T, Marques-Vidal, P, Mbanya, J, McFarlane-Anderson, N, Miccoli, R, Miettola, J, Minh, H, Miquel, J, Miranda, J, Mohamed, M, Mohan, V, Mohanna, S, Mokdad, A, Mollentze, W, Morales, D, Morgan, K, Lorenza M Muiesan, N, Muntoni, S, Nabipour, I, Nakagami, T, Nangia, V, Nemesure, B, Neovius, M, Nerhus, K, Nervi, F, Neuhauser, H, Nguyen, M, Ninomiya, T, Noale, M, Oh, S, Ohkubo, T, Olivieri, O, Önal, A, Onat, A, Oróstegui, M, Ouedraogo, H, Pan, W, Panagiotakos, D, Panza, F, Park, Y, Passos, V, Pednekar, M, Pelizzari, P, Peres, M, Cynthia Pérez, N, Pérez-Fernández, R, Pichardo, R, Phua, H, Pistelli, F, Plans, P, Polakowska, M, Poulter, N, Prabhakaran, D, Qiao, Q, Rafiei, M, Raitakari, O, Ramos, L, Rampal, S, Rampal, L, Rasmussen, F, Reddy, K, Redon, J, Revilla, L, Reyes-García, V, Roaeid, R, Robinson, C, Rodriguez-Artalejo, F, Rojas-Martinez, R, Ronkainen, K, Rosero-Bixby, L, Roth, G, Sachdev, H, Sánchez, J, Sanisoglu, S, Sans, S, Sarraf-Zadegan, N, Scazufca, M, Schaan, B, Schapochnik, N, Schelleman, H, Schneider, I, Schooling, C, Schwarz, B, Sekuri, C, Sereday, M, Serra-Majem, L, Shaw, J, Shera, A, Shi, Z, Shiri, R, Shu, X, Silva, D, Silva, E, Simons, L, Smith, M, Söderberg, S, Soebardi, S, Solfrizzi, V, Sonestedt, E, Soysal, A, Stattin, P, Stein, A, Stergiou, G, Stessman, J, Sudo, A, Suka, M, Sundh, V, Sundquist, K, Sundström, J, Swai, A, Tai, E, Tambs, K, Tesfaye, F, Thomas, G, Thorogood, M, Tilvis, R, Tobias, M, Torheim, L, Trenkwalder, P, Tuomilehto, J, Tur, J, Tzourio, C, Uhernik, A, Ukoli, F, Unwin, N, Hoorn, S, Vanderpump, M, Varo, J, Veierød, M, Velásquez-Meléndez, G, Verschuren, M, Viet, L, Villalpando, S, Vioque, J, Vollenweider, P, Volpato, S, Wang, N, Wang, Y, Ward, M, Waspadji, S, Lennart X Welin, N, Whitlock, G, Wilhelmsen, L, Willeit, J, Woodward, M, Wormser, D, André J Xavier, N, Xu, F, Xu, L, Yamamoto, A, Yang, G, Yang, X, Yeh, L, Yoon, J, You, Q, Yu, Z, Zhang, J, Zhang, L, Zheng, W, Zhou, M, Danaei, Goodarz, Lu, Yuan, Singh, Gitanjali M, Carnahan, Emily, Stevens, Gretchen A, Cowan, Melanie J, Farzadfar, Farshad, Lin, John K, Finucane, Mariel M, Rao, Mayuree, Khang, Young-Ho, Riley, Leanne M, Arian, Dariush Mozaff, Lim, Stephen S, Ezzati, Majid, Aamodt, Geir, Abdeen, Ziad, Abdella, Nabila A, Rahim, Hanan F Abdul, Addo, Juliet, Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afifi, Mustafa M, Agabiti-Rosei, Enrico, Salinas, Carlos A Aguilar, Agyemang, Charles, Ali, Mohammed K, Ali, Mohamed M, Al-Nsour, Mohannad, Al-Nuaim, Abdul R, Ambady, Ramachandran, Angelantonio, Emanuele Di, Aro, Pertti, Azizi, Fereidoun, Babu, Bontha V, Bahalim, Adil N, Barbagallo, Carlo M, Barbieri, Marco A, Barceló, Alberto, Barreto, Sandhi M, Barros, Henrique, Bautista, Leonelo E, Benetos, Athanase, Bjerregaard, Peter, Björkelund, Cecilia, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Bonora, Enzo, Botana, Manuel A, Bovet, Pascal, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Breteler, Monique M, Broda, Grazyna, Brown, Ian J, Bursztyn, Michael, de León, Antonio Cabrera, Campos, Hannia, Cappuccio, Francesco P, Capuano, Vincenzo, Casiglia, Edoardo, Castellano, Maurizio, Castetbon, Katia, Cea, Luis, Chang, Chih-Jen, Chaouki, Noureddine, Chatterji, Somnath, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Zhengming, Choi, Jin-Su, Chua, Lily, Cífková, Renata, Cobiac, Linda J, Cooper, Richard S, Corsi, Anna Maria, Costanza, Michael C, Craig, Cora L, Dankner, Rachel S, Dastgiri, Saeed, Delgado, Elias, Dinc, Gonul, Doi, Yasufumi, Dong, Guang-Hui, Dorsi, Eleonora, Dragano, Nico, Drewnowski, Adam, Eggertsen, Robert, Elliott, Paul, Engeland, Anders, Erem, Cihangir, Esteghamati, Alireza, Fall, Caroline H D, Fan, Jian-Gao, Ferreccio, Catterina, Fezeu, Leopold, Firmo, Josélia O, Florez, Hermes J, Fornés, Nélida S, Fowkes, F Gerry R, Franceschini, Guido, Frisk, Fredrik, Fuchs, Flávio D, Fuller, Eva L, Getz, Linn, Giampaoli, Simona, Gómez, Luis F, Gomez-Zumaquero, Juan M, Iversen, Sidsel Graff, Grant, Janet F, Carvajal, Ramiro Guerrero, Gulliford, Martin C, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Prakash C, Gureje, Oye, Gutierrez, Hialy R, Hansen, Tine W, Hata, Jun, He, Jiang, Heim, Noor, Heinrich, Joachim, Hemmingsson, Tomas, Hennis, Anselm, Herman, William H, Herrera, Victor M, Ho, Suzanne, Holdsworth, Michelle, Frisman, Gunilla Hollman, Hopman, Wilma M, Hussain, Akhtar, Husseini, Abdullatif, Ibrahim, M Mohsen, Ikeda, Nayu, Jacobsen, Bjarne K, Jaddou, Hashem Y, Jafar, Tazeen H, Janghorbani, Mohsen, Jasienska, Grazyna, Joffres, Michel R, Jonas, Jost B, Kadiki, Othman A, Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra, Kamadjeu, Raoul M, Kaptoge, Stephen, Karalis, Ioannis, Kastarinen, Mika J, Katz, Joanne, Keinan-Boker, Lital, Kelly, Paul, Khalilzadeh, Omid, Kiechl, Stefan, Kim, Ki Woong, Kiyohara, Yutaka, Kobayashi, Junji, Krause, Maressa P, Kubínová, Ružena, Kurjata, Pawel, Kusuma, Yadlapalli S, Lam, Tai H, Langhammer, Arnulf, Lawes, Carlene M M, Le, Cai, Lee, Jeannette, Lévy-Marchal, Claire, Lewington, Sarah, Li, Yanping, Li, Yuqiu, Lim, T O, Lin, Xu, Lin, Cheng-Chieh, Lin, Hsien-Ho, Lind, Lars, Lissner, Lauren, Liu, Xiaoqing, Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio, Lorbeer, Roberto, Ma, Guansheng, Ma, Stefan, Macià, Francesc, Maclean, David R, Maggi, Stefania, Magliano, Dianna J, Makdisse, Marcia, Mancia, Giuseppe, Mannami, Toshifumi, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Mbanya, Jean Claude N, McFarlane-Anderson, Norma, Miccoli, Roberto, Miettola, Juhani, Minh, Hoang V, Miquel, Juan F, Miranda, J Jaime, Mohamed, Mostafa K, Mohan, V., Mohanna, Salim, Mokdad, Ali, Mollentze, Willem F, Morales, Dante D, Morgan, Karen, Lorenza M Muiesan, null, Muntoni, Sergio, Nabipour, Iraj, Nakagami, Tomoko, Nangia, Vinay, Nemesure, Barbara, Neovius, Martin, Nerhus, Kjersti A, Nervi, Flavio, Neuhauser, Hannelore, Nguyen, Minh, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Noale, Marianna, Oh, Sang W, Ohkubo, Takayoshi, Olivieri, Oliviero, önal, Ayse Emel, Onat, Altan, Oróstegui, Myriam, Ouedraogo, Hermann, Pan, Wen-Harn, Panagiotakos, Demosthenes B, Panza, Francesco, Park, Yongsoo, Passos, Valeria M A, Pednekar, Mangesh S, Pelizzari, Pamela M, Peres, Marco A, Cynthia Pérez, null, Pérez-Fernández, Román, Pichardo, Rafael, Phua, Hwee Pin, Pistelli, Francesco, Plans, Pedro, Polakowska, Maria, Poulter, Neil, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Qiao, Qing, Rafiei, Masoud, Raitakari, Olli T, Ramos, Luiz R, Rampal, Sanjay, Rampal, Lekhraj, Rasmussen, Finn, Reddy, Kanala K R, Redon, Josep, Revilla, Luis, Reyes-García, Victoria, Roaeid, Ragab B, Robinson, Carolyn A, Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando, Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Ronkainen, Kimmo, Rosero-Bixby, Luis, Roth, Gregory A, Sachdev, Harshpal S, Sánchez, José R, Sanisoglu, Selim Y, Sans, Susana, Sarraf-Zadegan, Nizal, Scazufca, Marcia, Schaan, Beatriz D, Schapochnik, Norberto, Schelleman, Hedi, Schneider, Ione J C, Schooling, C Mary, Schwarz, Bernhard, Sekuri, Cevad, Sereday, Martha S, Serra-Majem, Lluís, Shaw, Jonathan, Shera, Abdul S, Shi, Zumin, Shiri, Rahman, Shu, Xiao Ou, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, Eglé, Simons, Leon A, Smith, Margaret, Söderberg, Stefan, Soebardi, Suharko, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Sonestedt, Emily, Soysal, Ahmet, Stattin, Pär, Stein, Aryeh D, Stergiou, George S, Stessman, Jochanan, Sudo, Akihiro, Suka, Machi, Sundh, Valter, Sundquist, Kristina, Sundström, Johan, Swai, Andrew B, Tai, E Shyong, Tambs, Kristian, Tesfaye, Fikru, Thomas, George N, Thorogood, Margaret, Tilvis, Reijo S, Tobias, Martin, Torheim, Liv E, Trenkwalder, Peter, Tuomilehto, Jaakko O, Tur, Josep A, Tzourio, Christophe, Uhernik, Ana I, Ukoli, Flora A, Unwin, Nigel, Hoorn, Stephen Vander, Vanderpump, Mark P, Varo, Jose Javier, Veierød, Marit B, Velásquez-Meléndez, Gustavo, Verschuren, Monique, Viet, Lucie, Villalpando, Salvador, Vioque, Jesus, Vollenweider, Peter, Volpato, Stefano, Wang, Ningli, Wang, Ya X, Ward, Mark, Waspadji, Sarwono, Lennart X Welin, null, Whitlock, Gary, Wilhelmsen, Lars, Willeit, Johann, Woodward, Mark, Wormser, David, André J Xavier, null, Xu, Fei, Xu, Liang, Yamamoto, Akira, Yang, Gonghuan, Yang, Xiaoguang, Yeh, Li-Chia, Yoon, Jin-Sang, You, Qisheng, Yu, Zhijie, Zhang, Jian, Zhang, Lei, Zheng, Wei, and Zhou, Maigeng

Abstract

Background: High blood pressure, blood glucose, serum cholesterol, and BMI are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and some of these factors also increase the risk of chronic kidney disease and diabetes. We estimated mortality from cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes that was attributable to these four cardiometabolic risk factors for all countries and regions from 1980 to 2010. Methods: We used data for exposure to risk factors by country, age group, and sex from pooled analyses of population-based health surveys. We obtained relative risks for the effects of risk factors on cause-specific mortality from meta-analyses of large prospective studies. We calculated the population attributable fractions for each risk factor alone, and for the combination of all risk factors, accounting for multicausality and for mediation of the effects of BMI by the other three risks. We calculated attributable deaths by multiplying the cause-specific population attributable fractions by the number of disease-specific deaths. We obtained cause-specific mortality from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2010 Study. We propagated the uncertainties of all the inputs to the final estimates. Findings: In 2010, high blood pressure was the leading risk factor for deaths due to cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes in every region, causing more than 40% of worldwide deaths from these diseases; high BMI and glucose were each responsible for about 15% of deaths, and high cholesterol for more than 10%. After accounting for multicausality, 63% (10·8 million deaths, 95% CI 10·1-11·5) of deaths from these diseases in 2010 were attributable to the combined effect of these four metabolic risk factors, compared with 67% (7·1 million deaths, 6·6-7·6) in 1980. The mortality burden of high BMI and glucose nearly doubled from 1980 to 2010. At the country level, age-standardised death rates from these diseases attributable to the c

Published
2014

22. An introduction of two differential excitation potentials technique in electrical capacitance tomography

Author

Mohamad, E.J., A. Rahim, R., Leow, P.L., Rahiman, M.H. Fazalul, Marwah, O.M.F., Nor Ayob, N.M., A. Rahim, H., Mohd Yunus, F.R., Mohamad, E.J., A. Rahim, R., Leow, P.L., Rahiman, M.H. Fazalul, Marwah, O.M.F., Nor Ayob, N.M., A. Rahim, H., and Mohd Yunus, F.R.

Abstract

The investigation of this work is to analyse the sensitivity distributions using single and two differential excitation potentials techniques in order to improve the situation of: (1) non-uniform sensitivity distri-bution; (2) less sensitivity in the central area, and (3) non-linear change in the ECT (electrical capacitance tomography) system. Forward modelling using COMSOL Multiphysics is developed in order to obtain an algorithm to quantify the image reconstruction. The forward model developed is to simulate the changes in capacitance between opposing electrodes and the permittivity of the dielectric material due to the increasing of the diameter of a higher permittivity insert when two differential excitation potentials were injected. The MATLAB simulation is used to obtain the sensitivity distribution inside the closed pipe from the sensor. By using the MATLAB software, the forward model conditions are placed on the image plane to estimate the results. Generated phantoms and measured values are presented. Simulation is verified using available experimental data through the existing system, sixteen-segmented ECT sensor electrodes. By using this technique, the linear relationship between the capacitances measured and the permittivity dramatically improved, and the sensitivity distribution for an opposing electrode pair was increased; thus giving a slight increase in the sensitivity distribution in a central area. Simulation and initial experimental results illustrate the capability of the technique presented.

Published
2012

23. Gene-environment interactions : Neurodegeneration in non-mammals and mammals

Author

Aschner, Michael, Levin, Edward D., Suñol, Cristina, Olopade, James O., Helmcke, Kirsten J., Avila, Daiana S., Sledge, Damiyon, Ali, Rahim H., Upchurch, Lucia, Donerly, Susan, Linney, Elwood, Forsby, Anna, Ponnuru, Padmavathi, Connor, James R., Aschner, Michael, Levin, Edward D., Suñol, Cristina, Olopade, James O., Helmcke, Kirsten J., Avila, Daiana S., Sledge, Damiyon, Ali, Rahim H., Upchurch, Lucia, Donerly, Susan, Linney, Elwood, Forsby, Anna, Ponnuru, Padmavathi, and Connor, James R.

Abstract

The understanding of how environmental exposures interact with genetics in central nervous system dysfunction has gained great momentum in the last decade. Seminal findings have been uncovered in both mammalian and non-mammalian model in large result of the extraordinary conservation of both genetic elements and differentiation processes between mammals and non-mammalians. Emerging model organisms, such as the nematode and zebrafish have made it possible to assess the effects of small molecules rapidly, inexpensively, and on a miniaturized scale. By combining the scale and throughput of in vitro screens with the physiological complexity and traditional animal studies, these models are providing relevant information on molecular events in the etiology of neurodegenerative disorders. The utility of these models is largely driven by the functional conservation seen between them and higher organisms, including humans so that knowledge obtained using non-mammalian model systems can often provide a better understanding of equivalent processes, pathways, and mechanisms in man. Understanding the molecular events that trigger neurodegeneration has also greatly relied upon the use of tissue culture models. The purpose of this summary is to provide-state-of-the-art review of recent developments of non-mammalian experimental models and their utility in addressing issues pertinent to neurotoxicity (Caenorhabditis elegans and Danio rerio). The synopses by Aschner and Levin summarize how genetic mutants of these species can be used to complement the understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with neurobehavioral toxicity and neurodegeneration. Next, studies by Suñol and Olopade detail the predictive value of cultures in assessing neurotoxicity. Suñol and colleagues summarize present novel information strategies based on in vitro toxicity assays that are predictive of cellular effects that can be extrapolated to effects on individuals. Olopade and colleagues desc

Published
2010
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