Search

[Background]: Cannabis smoking is highly prevalent among patients with a psychotic disorder. Its use has been found related to clinical characteristics of the disorder including age of onset, symptoms¿ severity and cognitive impairment. However, recent studies, both in healthy subjects and patients with psychosis, propose a possible protective effect of cannabis on weight gain and related metabolic alterations. Even so, there are no previous studies on the long-term longitudinal effect of cannabis on first-episode drug-naïve patients, thus not avoiding confounding effects of chronicity and previous treatment exposure. We aimed to explore the effect of cannabis smoking on weight and lipid/glycemic metabolic measures in a sample of first-episode non-affective psychosis patients., [Material and methods]: Anthropometric measurements and glycemic and lipid parameters were obtained at baseline and after 3 years of having initiated treatment. Patients were divided into two groups depending on self-reported cannabis use (cannabis users and non-users)., [Results]: Cannabis users presented at baseline lower weight (F = 14.85, P < 0.001), BMI (F = 13.14, P < 0.001), total cholesterol (F = 4.85, P = 0.028) and LDL-cholesterol (F = 6.26, P = 0.013), than non-users. These differences were also observed at 3 years: weight (F = 8.07, P = 0.005), BMI (F = 4.66, P = 0.032) and LDL-cholesterol (F = 3.91, P = 0.049)., [Conclusions]: Our results support the hypothesis that cannabis has a protective effect against weight gain and related metabolic alterations that are frequently observed in psychotic patients. However, this positive effect does not overcome the well known negative impact of cannabis on psychosis prognosis. Thus, clinicians should continue recommending cannabis use cessation, although being aware of a probable occurrence of a deterioration in metabolic parameters.

Various studies have reported that the photochemical nucleation of new ultrafine particles (UFPs) in urban environments within high insolation regions occurs simultaneously with high ground ozone (O3) levels. In this work, we evaluate the atmospheric dynamics leading to summer O3 episodes in the Madrid air basin (central Iberia) by means of measuring a 3-D distribution of concentrations for both pollutants. To this end, we obtained vertical profiles (up to 1200m above ground level) using tethered balloons and miniaturised instrumentation at a suburban site located to the SW of the Madrid Metropolitan Area (MMA), the Majadahonda site (MJDH), in July 2016. Simultaneously, measurements of an extensive number of air quality and meteorological parameters were carried out at three supersites across the MMA. Furthermore, data from O3 soundings and daily radio soundings were also used to interpret atmospheric dynamics. The results demonstrate the concatenation of venting and accumulation episodes, with relative lows (venting) and peaks (accumulation) in O3 surface levels. Regardless of the episode type, the fumigation of high-altitude O3 (arising from a variety of origins) contributes the major proportion of surface O3 concentrations. Accumulation episodes are characterised by a relatively thinner planetary boundary layer (< 1500m at midday, lower in altitude than the orographic features), light synoptic winds, and the development of mountain breezes along the slopes of the Guadarrama Mountain Range (located W and NW of the MMA, with a maximum elevation of > 2400ma.s.l.). This orographic-meteorological setting causes the vertical recirculation of air masses and enrichment of O3 in the lower tropospheric layers. When the highly polluted urban plume from Madrid is affected by these dynamics, the highest Ox (O3CNO2) concentrations are recorded in the MMA. Vertical O3 profiles during venting episodes, with strong synoptic winds and a deepening of the planetary boundary layer re

A detailed spatial and temporal assessment of urban NH3 levels and potential emission sources was made with passive samplers in six major Spanish cities (Barcelona, Madrid, A Coruña, Huelva, Santa Cruz de Tenerife and Valencia). Measurements were conducted during two different periods (winter–autumn and spring–summer) in each city. Barcelona showed the clearest spatial pattern, with the highest concentrations in the old city centre, an area characterised by a high population density and a dense urban architecture. The variability in NH3 concentrations did not follow a common seasonal pattern across the different cities. The relationship of urban NH3 with SO2 and NOX allowed concluding on the causes responsible for the variations in NH3 levels between measurement periods observed in Barcelona, Huelva and Madrid. However, the factors governing the variations in A Coruña, Valencia and Santa Cruz de Tenerife are still not fully understood. This study identified a broad variability in NH3 concentrations at the city-scale, and it confirms that NH3 sources in Spanish urban environments are vehicular traffic, biological sources (e.g. garbage containers), wastewater treatment plants, solid waste treatment plants and industry. The importance of NH3 monitoring in urban environments relies on its role as a precursor of secondary inorganic species and therefore PMX. Further research should be addressed in order to establish criteria to develop and implement mitigation strategies for cities, and to include urban NH3 sources in the emission inventories.

A detailed spatial and temporal assessment of urban NH3 levels and potential emission sources was made with passive samplers in six major Spanish cities (Barcelona, Madrid, A Coruña, Huelva, Santa Cruz de Tenerife and Valencia). Measurements were conducted during two different periods (winter–autumn and spring–summer) in each city. Barcelona showed the clearest spatial pattern, with the highest concentrations in the old city centre, an area characterised by a high population density and a dense urban architecture. The variability in NH3 concentrations did not follow a common seasonal pattern across the different cities. The relationship of urban NH3 with SO2 and NOX allowed concluding on the causes responsible for the variations in NH3 levels between measurement periods observed in Barcelona, Huelva and Madrid. However, the factors governing the variations in A Coruña, Valencia and Santa Cruz de Tenerife are still not fully understood. This study identified a broad variability in NH3 concentrations at the city-scale, and it confirms that NH3 sources in Spanish urban environments are vehicular traffic, biological sources (e.g. garbage containers), wastewater treatment plants, solid waste treatment plants and industry. The importance of NH3 monitoring in urban environments relies on its role as a precursor of secondary inorganic species and therefore PMX. Further research should be addressed in order to establish criteria to develop and implement mitigation strategies for cities, and to include urban NH3 sources in the emission inventories.

Postprint (published version)

Extraction of the middle latency auditory evoked potentials (AEP) by an auto regressive model with exogenous input (ARX) enables extraction of the AEP within 1.7 s. In this way, the depth of hypnosis can be monitored at almost real-time. However, the identification and the interpretation of the appropriate signals of the AEP could be difficult to perform during the anesthesia procedure. This problem was addressed by defining an index which reflected the peak amplitudes and latencies of the AEP, developed to improve the clinical interpretation of the AEP. This index was defined as the A-line Arx Index (AAI).

Extraction of the middle latency auditory evoked potentials (AEP) by an auto regressive model with exogenous input (ARX) enables extraction of the AEP within 1.7 s. In this way, the depth of hypnosis can be monitored at almost real-time. However, the identification and the interpretation of the appropriate signals of the AEP could be difficult to perform during the anesthesia procedure. This problem was addressed by defining an index which reflected the peak amplitudes and latencies of the AEP, developed to improve the clinical interpretation of the AEP. This index was defined as the A-line Arx Index (AAI).

Suelos. Alteración de minerales en suelos coR distinto grado de desarrollo. Suelos A(B)Q, por A.Hoyos de Castro, M.C. Fernández Bermejo, J. González Parra.-- Evolución del humus y de la microflora telúrica por la implantación de Eucalyptus camaldeleusis delm, en bosques autóctonos de Extremadura, por J.M. Lozano y F. Velasco.-- Un nuevo metodo para la determinación de densidades aparentes y del coe-ficiente de extensibilidad lineal (Cole), por medio de parafina, por E. Barahona Fernández y F. Santos Francés.-- Distribuciones de frecuencia de diversos parametros analíticos de 52 perfiles de suelos del sector Montiel-Alcaraz-Bienservida (Ciudad Real-Albacete), por F. Santos Francés y E. Barahona Fernández.-- Valores medios de algunos parámetros analíticos, agrupados según las clases texturales, de 52 perfiles de suelos del sector Montiel-Alcaraz-Bienservida (Ciudad Real-Albacete), por E. Barahona Fernández y F. Santos Francés. Estudios de correlación y regresión de diversos parámetros analíticos de 52 perfiles de suelos del sector Montiel-Alcaraz-Bienservida (Ciudad RealAlbacete), por E. Barahona Fernández y F. Santos Francés.-- Estudio edáfico de la dehesa del Camarate. I Características macro y micromorfológicas, por J. Párraga y J. Aguilar.-- Estudio edáfico de la dehesa del Camarate Sierra Nevada (Granada). II. Características mineralógicas, por J. Parraga, C. Dorronsoro, J. Aguilar y J. Fernández.-- Estudio mineralógico y alteración de la fracción arena de dos suelos sobre material silícicos por Angel Hoyos de Castro, Mª Luisa Palomar Gª Villamil y Mª Carmen Fernández Bermejo.-- Edafogénesis catenal de las formaciones edáficas del Valle de Balsain (Vertiente Norte de la Sierra de Guadarrama), por R. Jiménez Ballesta, G. Garc(a Bayon, A. Polo Sánchez y G. Almendros Martín.-- Paleosuelos mixtos (Rojos y Pardos) en la depresión de Granada, por J. Aguilar, P. Bullock, M. Ortega y M. Simón.-- Procesos de rubefacción en la Sierra de Guadarrama, por J. Benayas, M. T. Ga

The two programs are specifically designed to give adequate coverage of all the processes involved in the exploitation of a mineral resource, from the preliminary introduction of the database through exploration drilling, orebody modelling and ore reserve estimation to final mine design. MicroModel includes ten modules: data entry; surface topography; rock modelling; compositing; grade modelling; pit design and reserve calculation; file management; grade thickness modelling; tools; and PolyMap. While MicroModel is intended to cover the process in its entirety, PolyMap is basically focused on digitalisation of the geological body and continuous interactive design of the mining operation., The two programs are specifically designed to give adequate coverage of all the processes involved in the exploitation of a mineral resource, from the preliminary introduction of the database through exploration drilling, orebody modelling and ore reserve estimation to final mine design. MicroModel includes ten modules: data entry; surface topography; rock modelling; compositing; grade modelling; pit design and reserve calculation; file management; grade thickness modelling; tools; and PolyMap. While MicroModel is intended to cover the process in its entirety, PolyMap is basically focused on digitalisation of the geological body and continuous interactive design of the mining operation.

The Earthworks Exploration Office suite comprises three programs: Downhole Explorer, Terrain and ViewPoint. Downhole Explorer can import drilling databases of very different origins, verify and combine them, display the data graphically in two or three dimensions, combine various types of presentation such as linear graphics, histograms and text, change the scale, select and export data on zones that intersect mineralisation, and import other three-dimensional objects from different types of archive such as CAD. The Terrain software creates maps of various kinds, such as coloured or relief-shaded, which can then be used in other applications that support object linking and embedding. The third program, ViewPoint, allows visualisation of the drillholes either in plan or three-dimensionally with associated topography; it has facilities for reducing the scale, changing the viewpoint or perspective, or zooming in on a particular part of the area drilled., The Earthworks Exploration Office suite comprises three programs: Downhole Explorer, Terrain and ViewPoint. Downhole Explorer can import drilling databases of very different origins, verify and combine them, display the data graphically in two or three dimensions, combine various types of presentation such as linear graphics, histograms and text, change the scale, select and export data on zones that intersect mineralisation, and import other three-dimensional objects from different types of archive such as CAD. The Terrain software creates maps of various kinds, such as coloured or relief-shaded, which can then be used in other applications that support object linking and embedding. The third program, ViewPoint, allows visualisation of the drillholes either in plan or three-dimensionally with associated topography; it has facilities for reducing the scale, changing the viewpoint or perspective, or zooming in on a particular part of the area drilled.

Exploitation of the Lornex and Valley mines was optimised by the union of their respective producing companies in 1986. The deposits are hosted by granodiorites at a zone of intense fracturing where the N-S Lornex fault intersects the E-W Highland Valley fault. Sulphide ores include, in order of abundance, bornite, chalcopyrite, digenite, covellite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, molybdenite, sphalerite, galena and gudmundite (FeSbS). Most of the copper mineralisation is associated with sericitisation and quartz veins, while chalcopyrite is accompanied by potassic feldspar. The deposit (defined as above 0.30% Cu) is roughly oval in plan with surrounding annular haloes of Mo and Zn enrichment. Total reserves in January 1995 were 539 700 000 t averaging 0.420% Cu and 0.0073% Mo, with a cut-off grade of 0.25% Cu equivalent (Mo conversion 2:1). Most of the reserves and the higher Mo grades are in the Valley deposit, with higher Cu grades in Lornex. Open cast mining of the two pits uses five electric and two diesel blasthole drills and mainly electric loaders. Production development is totally computerised. Mineral processing includes grinding in one of five lines, cycloning and selective flotation to produce around 400 000 t/a of Cu concentrates., Exploitation of the Lornex and Valley mines was optimised by the union of their respective producing companies in 1986. The deposits are hosted by granodiorites at a zone of intense fracturing where the N-S Lornex fault intersects the E-W Highland Valley fault. Sulphide ores include, in order of abundance, bornite, chalcopyrite, digenite, covellite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, molybdenite, sphalerite, galena and gudmundite (FeSbS). Most of the copper mineralisation is associated with sericitisation and quartz veins, while chalcopyrite is accompanied by potassic feldspar. The deposit (defined as above 0.30% Cu) is roughly oval in plan with surrounding annular haloes of Mo and Zn enrichment. Total reserves in January 1995 were 539 700 000 t averaging 0.420% Cu and 0.0073% Mo, with a cut-off grade of 0.25% Cu equivalent (Mo conversion 2:1). Most of the reserves and the higher Mo grades are in the Valley deposit, with higher Cu grades in Lornex. Open cast mining of the two pits uses five electric and two diesel blasthole drills and mainly electric loaders. Production development is totally computerised. Mineral processing includes grinding in one of five lines, cycloning and selective flotation to produce around 400 000 t/a of Cu concentrates.