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1. Neuroenhancement and mental health in students from four faculties - a cross-sectional questionnaire study

Author: Hajduk, M, Tiedemann, E, Romanos, M, Simmenroth, A, Hajduk, M, Tiedemann, E, Romanos, M, and Simmenroth, A
Abstract: Background: Students face great challenges at the beginning of and during their studies. Competitive experience, exam anxiety, and especially the new performance requirements often cause test anxiety and stressful experiences. The extent of substance use in terms of neuroenhancement (NE) is unclear. Evidence shows associations between NE, increased stress levels, and mental health.Objectives: We aim to determine the prevalence of NE and alcohol and tobacco use among college students. We also investigate the associations between NE and ADHD, anxiety, depression, and stress experience.Methods: In spring 2021, an anonymous online cross-sectional survey was conducted among students of medicine, dentistry, business economics, and business informatics in Würzburg. The survey included the instruments ASRS (ADHD), PSS-10 (stress), PHQ-4 (depression and anxiety), and AUDIT-C (alcohol comsumption), as well as questions about consumption patterns, prior knowledge, and reasons for NE.Results: Of the 5564 students who were invited to participate, 1010 completed the questionnaire (18.2%). Of these, 12.4% indicated NE for the studied period. NE was used in particular during preparations for exams, to enhance performance, and/or to regulate emotions, most commonly through caffeine tablets, cannabis, and methylphenidate. NE was associated with risky use of alcohol or tobacco, and to a lesser extent with ADHD symptoms and stress experience.Conclusions: Students are at risk of substance abuse and NE. Effective stress management and prevention approaches as well as low-threshold services are needed to identify and support students with risk profiles., Hintergrund: Während des Studiums stehen Studierende vor großen Herausforderungen: Leistungsanforderungen seitens der Hochschulen, Konkurrenzerleben, Prüfungsangst und die neu gewonnene Selbstständigkeit können zu Stresserleben, Angst und Depressivität führen. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, inwieweit psychisch stärker belastete Studierende häufiger Neuroenhancement (NE) nutzen.Zielsetzung: Ermittlung der Häufigkeit von NE, Alkohol- und Tabakkonsum unter Studierenden sowie Untersuchung der Zusammenhänge zwischen NE und ADHS, Angst, Depressivität und Stresserleben.Methodik: Im Frühjahr 2021 wurde eine anonyme Online-Querschnittsbefragung bei Studierenden der Medizin, Zahnmedizin, Wirtschaftswissenschaften und -Informatik an Würzburger Hochschulen durchgeführt. Der Survey umfasste die Instrumente ASRS (ADHS), PSS-10 (Stress), PHQ-4 (Depressions- und Angstsymptome) und AUDIT-C (riskanter Alkoholkonsum), sowie Fragen zu Konsumverhalten, Vorwissen und Gründen für NE.Ergebnisse: 1010 von 5564 Studierenden nahmen am Survey teil (18.2%). Davon gaben 12.4% NE für den Zeitraum des Studiums an. NE wurde insbesondere während der Prüfungsvorbereitung zur Leistungssteigerung und/oder zur emotionalen Regulation eingesetzt, am häufigsten durch Koffeintabletten, Cannabis und Methylphenidat. NE war assoziiert mit riskantem Alkohol- bzw. Tabakkonsum, im geringeren Ausmaß mit ADHS-Symptomen und Stresserleben.Schlussfolgerung: Bei Studierenden besteht ein Risiko für Substanzmissbrauch und NE. Wirksame Stressbewältigungs- und Präventionsansätze sowie niederschwellige Hilfsangebote sind erforderlich, um Studierende mit Risikoprofil zu erkennen und zu unterstützen.
Published: 2024

2. ADHS-Medikation bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit administrativ dokumentierter ADHS-Diagnose - Ergebnisse des Konsortialprojekts INTEGRATE-ADHD

Author: Beyer, AK, Beck, L, Hölling, H, Jans, T, Berner, A, Weyrich, S, Scholz, V, Romanos, M, Kaman, A, Ravens-Sieberer, U, Weinert, K, Witte, J, Fiessler, C, Widmann, J, Heuschmann, P, Riederer, C, Schlack, R, Beyer, AK, Beck, L, Hölling, H, Jans, T, Berner, A, Weyrich, S, Scholz, V, Romanos, M, Kaman, A, Ravens-Sieberer, U, Weinert, K, Witte, J, Fiessler, C, Widmann, J, Heuschmann, P, Riederer, C, and Schlack, R
Published: 2024

3. Aufklärung von Diskrepanzen zwischen Routine- und Befragungsdaten durch Datenverknüpfung auf Personenebene - methodische Aspekte und Schlussfolgerungen aus den Data-Linkage-Projekten OptDatPMH und INTEGRATE-ADHD

Author: Schlack, R, Grobe, T, Beck, L, Frerk, T, Vogelgesang, F, Beyer, AK, Hölling, H, Romanos, M, Jans, T, Ravens-Sieberer, U, Kaman, A, Witte, J, Weinert, K, Heuschmann, P, Fiessler, C, Riederer, C, Schlack, R, Grobe, T, Beck, L, Frerk, T, Vogelgesang, F, Beyer, AK, Hölling, H, Romanos, M, Jans, T, Ravens-Sieberer, U, Kaman, A, Witte, J, Weinert, K, Heuschmann, P, Fiessler, C, and Riederer, C
Published: 2024

4. Determinanten für den Elternbericht einer administrativ dokumentierten ADHS-Diagnose des Kindes: Ergebnisse des Konsortialprojekts INTEGRATE-ADHD

Author: Beyer, AK, Pfeifer, S, Beck, L, Hölling, H, Jans, T, Berner, A, Weyrich, S, Scholz, V, Romanos, M, Kaman, A, Ravens-Sieberer, U, Weinert, K, Witte, J, Fiessler, C, Widmann, J, Heuschmann, PU, Riederer, C, Schlack, R, Beyer, AK, Pfeifer, S, Beck, L, Hölling, H, Jans, T, Berner, A, Weyrich, S, Scholz, V, Romanos, M, Kaman, A, Ravens-Sieberer, U, Weinert, K, Witte, J, Fiessler, C, Widmann, J, Heuschmann, PU, Riederer, C, and Schlack, R
Published: 2024

5. Vergleich und Integration administrativer und epidemiologischer ADHS-Diagnosedaten durch klinisches Assessment - Ergebnisse aus dem Projekt INTEGRATE-ADHD

Author: Schlack, R, Beyer, AK, Beck, L, Hölling, H, Romanos, M, Jans, T, Berner, A, Ravens-Sieberer, U, Kaman, A, Witte, J, Weinert, K, Hasemann, L, Heuschmann, PU, Grau, A, Horn, A, Fiessler, C, Widmann, J, Riederer, C, Schlack, R, Beyer, AK, Beck, L, Hölling, H, Romanos, M, Jans, T, Berner, A, Ravens-Sieberer, U, Kaman, A, Witte, J, Weinert, K, Hasemann, L, Heuschmann, PU, Grau, A, Horn, A, Fiessler, C, Widmann, J, and Riederer, C
Published: 2024

6. Remote assessment of ADHD in children and adolescents: recommendations from the European ADHD Guidelines Group following the clinical experience during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author: Santosh, P., Cortese, S., Hollis, C., Bölte, S., Daley, D., Coghill, D., Holtmann, M., Sonuga-Barke, E.J.S., Buitelaar, J.K., Banaschewski, T., Stringaris, A., Döpfner, M., Oord, S. van der, Carucci, S., Brandeis, D., Nagy, P., Ferrin, M., Baeyens, D., Hoofdakker, B.J. van den, Purper-Ouakil, D., Ramos-Quiroga, A., Romanos, M., Soutullo, C.A., Thapar, A., Wong, I.C.K., Zuddas, A., Galera, C., Simonoff, E., Santosh, P., Cortese, S., Hollis, C., Bölte, S., Daley, D., Coghill, D., Holtmann, M., Sonuga-Barke, E.J.S., Buitelaar, J.K., Banaschewski, T., Stringaris, A., Döpfner, M., Oord, S. van der, Carucci, S., Brandeis, D., Nagy, P., Ferrin, M., Baeyens, D., Hoofdakker, B.J. van den, Purper-Ouakil, D., Ramos-Quiroga, A., Romanos, M., Soutullo, C.A., Thapar, A., Wong, I.C.K., Zuddas, A., Galera, C., and Simonoff, E.
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext, The COVID-19 pandemic led ADHD services to modify the clinical practice to reduce in-person contact as much as possible to minimise viral spread. This had far-reaching effects on day-to-day clinical practice as remote assessments were widely adopted. Despite the attenuation of the acute threat from COVID, many clinical services are retaining some remote practices. The lack of clear evidence-based guidance about the most appropriate way to conduct remote assessments meant that these changes were typically implemented in a localised, ad hoc, and un-coordinated way. Here, the European ADHD Guidelines Group (EAGG) discusses the strengths and weaknesses of remote assessment methods of children and adolescents with ADHD in a narrative review based on available data and expert opinions to highlight key recommendations for future studies and clinical practice. We conclude that going forward, despite remote working in clinical services functioning adequately during the pandemic, all required components of ADHD assessment should still be completed following national/international guidelines; however, the process may need adaptation. Social restrictions, including changes in education provision, can either mask or exacerbate features associated with ADHD and therefore assessment should carefully chart symptom profile and impairment prior to, as well as during an ongoing pandemic. While remote assessments are valuable in allowing clinical services to continue despite restrictions and may have benefits for routine care in the post-pandemic world, particular attention must be paid to those who may be at high risk but not be able to use/access remote technologies and prioritize these groups for conventional face-to-face assessments.
Published: 2023

7. Angststörungen und Phobien

Author: Gerlach, Manfred, Mehler-Wex, Claudia, Romanos, Marcel; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7628-8299, Walitza, Susanne; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8161-8683, Wewetzer, Christoph, Gerlach, M ( Manfred ), Mehler-Wex, C ( Claudia ), Romanos, M ( Marcel ), Walitza, S ( Susanne ), Wewetzer, C ( Christoph ), Renner, Tobias, Melfsen, Siebke; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4189-2645, Gerlach, Manfred, Mehler-Wex, Claudia, Romanos, Marcel; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7628-8299, Walitza, Susanne; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8161-8683, Wewetzer, Christoph, Gerlach, M ( Manfred ), Mehler-Wex, C ( Claudia ), Romanos, M ( Marcel ), Walitza, S ( Susanne ), Wewetzer, C ( Christoph ), Renner, Tobias, and Melfsen, Siebke; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4189-2645
Abstract: Unter Angststörungen und Phobien wird ein breites Spektrum von Erkrankungen verstanden, bei dem die Kernsymptomatik ein übermäßiges Angst- und Vermeidungsverhalten umfasst. Die Intensität der therapeutischen Behandlung richtet sich vor allem nach dem Grad der psychosozialen Beeinträchtigung. Sowohl kognitive Verhaltenstherapie (KVT) als auch Pharmakotherapie zeigen sich nach der aktuellen Evidenzlage als sicher und wirksam. Nach dem aktuellen Stand kann eine leichte bis moderat ausgeprägte Angststörung mit KVT behandelt werden, während bei schweren Angststörungen im Rahmen einer multimodalen Behandlung zusätzlich eine Medikation indiziert sein kann. Selektive Serotonin- Wiederaufnahmehemmer (SSRIs) sind dabei im Kindes- und Jugendalter die erste Wahl. Im Gegensatz zum Erwachsenenalter ist die Evidenz für andere Wirkstoffgruppen deutlich geringer, es liegen jedoch für Venlafaxin und Duloxetin positive Befunde vor, und diese können nach den internationalen Leitlinien für die Behandlung von Angststörungen im Kindesund Jugendalter als Medikation der zweiten Wahl angesehen werden. Kurzfristig angstlösende Wirkstoffe wie Benzodiazepine sind nur dann indiziert, wenn eine sofortige Angstreduktion erforderlich ist. Wegen des Risikos einer Abhängigkeit ist ihre Verschreibung nur für eine Akutbehandlung geeignet.
Published: 2023

8. Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung

Author: Gerlach, Manfred, Mehler-Wex, Claudia, Romanos, Marcel, Walitza, Susanne; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8161-8683, Wewetzer, Christoph, Gerlach, M ( Manfred ), Mehler-Wex, C ( Claudia ), Romanos, M ( Marcel ), Walitza, S ( Susanne ), Wewetzer, C ( Christoph ), Banaschewski, Tobias; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4595-1144, Häge, Alexander; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3434-2995, Gerlach, Manfred, Mehler-Wex, Claudia, Romanos, Marcel, Walitza, Susanne; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8161-8683, Wewetzer, Christoph, Gerlach, M ( Manfred ), Mehler-Wex, C ( Claudia ), Romanos, M ( Marcel ), Walitza, S ( Susanne ), Wewetzer, C ( Christoph ), Banaschewski, Tobias; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4595-1144, and Häge, Alexander; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3434-2995
Abstract: In der spezifischen Behandlung der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit‑/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) findet die medikamentöse Therapie häufige Anwendung und zeigt eine sehr gute Wirksamkeit, Tolerabilität und Sicherheit. Dabei stehen im Kindes- und Jugendalter Psychostimulanzien (Methylphenidat und Amphetamin) in verschiedenen Applikationsformen als Medikation der ersten Wahl zur Verfügung. Nicht-Psychostimulanzien wie Atomoxetin und Guanfacin sind weitere Optionen in der medikamentösen Behandlung. Langwirksame Formulierungen von Psychostimulanzien bieten häufig Vorteile hinsichtlich Wirkung und Medikamentenadhärenz. Entscheidend für die Indikation zur Medikation einer ADHS sind die individuelle psychosoziale Beeinträchtigung, das Alter der Patienten und der Schweregrad der Störung. In der Wahl des geeigneten Medikamentes sind, eingebettet in ein multimodales Behandlungskonzept, individuelle Gegebenheiten wie Komorbiditäten zu berücksichtigen. Unter der Behandlung sind regelmäßige Kontrollen z. B. von Gewichtsentwicklung, Puls und Blutdruck zur Erfassung eventueller unerwünschter Arzneimittelwirkungen sowie Auslassversuche durchzuführen. Das folgende Kapitel gibt neben der Störungsdefinition einen Überblick über diagnostische Voraussetzungen, die individuelle Indikationsstellung und die Anwendung der Psychopharmakotherapie in der Behandlung der ADHS und einiger häufiger komorbider Störungen.
Published: 2023

9. Zwangsstörungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter

Author: Gerlach, Manfred, Mehler-Wex, Claudia, Romanos, Marcel, Walitza, Susanne; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8161-8683, Wewetzer, Christoph, Gerlach, M ( Manfred ), Mehler-Wex, C ( Claudia ), Romanos, M ( Marcel ), Walitza, S ( Susanne ), Wewetzer, C ( Christoph ), Gerlach, Manfred, Mehler-Wex, Claudia, Romanos, Marcel, Walitza, Susanne; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8161-8683, Wewetzer, Christoph, Gerlach, M ( Manfred ), Mehler-Wex, C ( Claudia ), Romanos, M ( Marcel ), Walitza, S ( Susanne ), and Wewetzer, C ( Christoph )
Abstract: Die Zwangsstörungen zählen mit einer Prävalenz von 1–2 % zu den häufigsten Störungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Die Therapie orientiert sich am Schweregrad der Zwangsstörung und am Vorhandensein komorbider Störungen. Eine evidenzbasierte Therapie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen beinhaltet Elemente der Psychoedukation, der kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutischen Psychotherapie (KVT) und einer pharmakologischen Behandlung. Die KVT und ihre Bausteine Exposition und Reaktionsverhinderung sind besonders wirksam. Je nach Alter der Patienten sollte die Familie in die Therapie einbezogen werden. Auch selektive Serotonin-Wiederaufnahmehemmer (SSRIs) zeigen sich in verschiedenen Metaanalysen, die randomisiert-placebokontrollierte Studien an Kindern und Jugendlichen eingeschlossen hatten, als sehr wirksam und sind Wirkstoffe der ersten Wahl. Um eine ausreichende Wirkung zu erzielen, bedarf es bei der Behandlung von Zwangsstörungen in der Regel mehr Zeit und oft höherer Dosen als bei anderen Indikationen. Die Kombination von KVT und einer Medikation zeigt nicht immer eine Überlegenheit, hat sich aber bei besonders schwierigen Konstellationen, z. B. bei komorbiden Depressionen, bewährt. Wirkstoff der zweiten Wahl ist das trizyklische Antidepressivum Clomipramin. Zugelassen in den meisten europäischen Ländern und in den USA für die Behandlung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Zwängen sind Sertralin und Fluvoxamin. Fluoxetin hat zwar keine explizite Zulassung für Zwangsstörungen, aufgrund der positiven Studienlage nimmt die Bedeutung jedoch zu. Zur Augmentation mit Antipsychotika ist die Studienlage im Kindes- und Jugendalter gering.
Published: 2023

10. Psychostimulanzien und andere Arzneistoffe, die zur Behandlung der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) angewendet werden

Author: Gerlach, Manfred, Mehler-Wex, Claudia, Romanos, Marcel; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7628-8299, Walitza, Susanne; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8161-8683, Wewetzer, Christoph, Gerlach, M ( Manfred ), Mehler-Wex, C ( Claudia ), Romanos, M ( Marcel ), Walitza, S ( Susanne ), Wewetzer, C ( Christoph ), Smigielski, Lukasz; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7428-7644, Gerlach, Manfred, Mehler-Wex, Claudia, Romanos, Marcel; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7628-8299, Walitza, Susanne; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8161-8683, Wewetzer, Christoph, Gerlach, M ( Manfred ), Mehler-Wex, C ( Claudia ), Romanos, M ( Marcel ), Walitza, S ( Susanne ), Wewetzer, C ( Christoph ), and Smigielski, Lukasz; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7428-7644
Abstract: Als Psychostimulanzien oder Stimulanzien wird die Gruppe von Neuro‑/Psychopharmaka bezeichnet, die vorwiegend eine erregende Wirkung auf das zentrale Nervensystem und die Psyche ausüben. Das Hauptanwendungsgebiet der Psychostimulanzien Methylphenidat und Amphetamin ist die Therapie der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit‑/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS). Weitere Wirkstoffe zur Behandlung der ADHS sind Atomoxetin und Guanfacin, die als Nicht-Psychostimulanzien eingeordnet werden. In diesem Kapitel werden die Wirk(ungs)mechanismen dieser Wirkstoffe besprochen und schwerpunktmäßig diejenigen pharmakologischen Aspekte dargestellt, die für Kliniker für den therapeutischen Einsatz dieser Substanzen relevant sind. Dabei wird u. a. auf Anwendungsgebiete, die klinische Wirksamkeit und die Studienlage eingegangen. Es werden Dosierungsempfehlungen gegeben und mögliche unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen und -wechselwirkungen behandelt. Das Kapitel schließt mit Empfehlungen zur Behandlungsdauer sowie zu notwendigen Kontrolluntersuchungen im Rahmen der ADHS-Pharmakotherapie.
Published: 2023

11. Remote assessment of ADHD in children and adolescents: recommendations from the European ADHD Guidelines Group following the clinical experience during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author: Santosh, P; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4830-5893, Cortese, S, Hollis, C, Bölte, S, Daley, D, Coghill, D, Holtmann, M, Sonuga-Barke, E J S, Buitelaar, J, Banaschewski, T, Stringaris, A, Döpfner, M, Van der Oord, S, Carucci, S, Brandeis, D, Nagy, P, Ferrin, M, Baeyens, D, van den Hoofdakker, B J, Purper-Ouakil, D, Ramos-Quiroga, A, Romanos, M, Soutullo, C A, Thapar, A, Wong, I C K, Zuddas, A, Galera, C, Simonoff, E, Santosh, P; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4830-5893, Cortese, S, Hollis, C, Bölte, S, Daley, D, Coghill, D, Holtmann, M, Sonuga-Barke, E J S, Buitelaar, J, Banaschewski, T, Stringaris, A, Döpfner, M, Van der Oord, S, Carucci, S, Brandeis, D, Nagy, P, Ferrin, M, Baeyens, D, van den Hoofdakker, B J, Purper-Ouakil, D, Ramos-Quiroga, A, Romanos, M, Soutullo, C A, Thapar, A, Wong, I C K, Zuddas, A, Galera, C, and Simonoff, E
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic led ADHD services to modify the clinical practice to reduce in-person contact as much as possible to minimise viral spread. This had far-reaching effects on day-to-day clinical practice as remote assessments were widely adopted. Despite the attenuation of the acute threat from COVID, many clinical services are retaining some remote practices. The lack of clear evidence-based guidance about the most appropriate way to conduct remote assessments meant that these changes were typically implemented in a localised, ad hoc, and un-coordinated way. Here, the European ADHD Guidelines Group (EAGG) discusses the strengths and weaknesses of remote assessment methods of children and adolescents with ADHD in a narrative review based on available data and expert opinions to highlight key recommendations for future studies and clinical practice. We conclude that going forward, despite remote working in clinical services functioning adequately during the pandemic, all required components of ADHD assessment should still be completed following national/international guidelines; however, the process may need adaptation. Social restrictions, including changes in education provision, can either mask or exacerbate features associated with ADHD and therefore assessment should carefully chart symptom profile and impairment prior to, as well as during an ongoing pandemic. While remote assessments are valuable in allowing clinical services to continue despite restrictions and may have benefits for routine care in the post-pandemic world, particular attention must be paid to those who may be at high risk but not be able to use/access remote technologies and prioritize these groups for conventional face-to-face assessments.
Published: 2023

12. Non-mental diseases associated with ADHD across the lifespan: Fidgety Philipp and Pippi Longstocking at risk of multimorbidity?

Author: Kittel-Schneider, S., Arteaga-Henriquez, G., Arias Vasquez, A., Asherson, P., Banaschewski, T., Brikell, I., Buitelaar, J.K., Cormand, B., Faraone, S.V, Freitag, C.M., Ginsberg, Y., Haavik, J., Hartman, Catharina A., Kuntsi, J., Larsson, H., Matura, S., McNeill, R.V., Ramos-Quiroga, J.A., Ribases, M., Romanos, M., Vainieri, I., Franke, B., Reif, A., Kittel-Schneider, S., Arteaga-Henriquez, G., Arias Vasquez, A., Asherson, P., Banaschewski, T., Brikell, I., Buitelaar, J.K., Cormand, B., Faraone, S.V, Freitag, C.M., Ginsberg, Y., Haavik, J., Hartman, Catharina A., Kuntsi, J., Larsson, H., Matura, S., McNeill, R.V., Ramos-Quiroga, J.A., Ribases, M., Romanos, M., Vainieri, I., Franke, B., and Reif, A.
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext, Several non-mental diseases seem to be associated with an increased risk of ADHD and ADHD seems to be associated with increased risk for non-mental diseases. The underlying trajectories leading to such brain-body co-occurrences are often unclear - are there direct causal relationships from one disorder to the other, or does the sharing of genetic and/or environmental risk factors lead to their occurring together more frequently or both? Our goal with this narrative review was to provide a conceptual synthesis of the associations between ADHD and non-mental disease across the lifespan. We discuss potential shared pathologic mechanisms, genetic background and treatments in co-occurring diseases. For those co-occurrences for which published studies with sufficient sample sizes exist, meta-analyses have been published by others and we discuss those in detail. We conclude that non-mental diseases are common in ADHD and vice versa and add to the disease burden of the patient across the lifespan. Insufficient attention to such co-occurring conditions may result in missed diagnoses and suboptimal treatment in the affected individuals.
Published: 2022

13. Administrative Prävalenz und Inzidenz der ADHS - Diagnosedefinition, Validierung und Versorgung

Author: Seck, K, Witte, J, Schlack, R, Neuperdt, L, Kuhnert, R, Hölling, H, Romanos, M, Jans, T, Berner, A, Hetzke, L, Weyrich, S, Emser, T, Hauer, D, Scholz, V, Ulsamer, S, Wallau, C, Ravens-Sieberer, U, Kaman, A, Gilbert, M, Greiner, W, Heuschmann, P, Fiessler, C, Widmann, J, Riederer, C, Horn, A, Seck, K, Witte, J, Schlack, R, Neuperdt, L, Kuhnert, R, Hölling, H, Romanos, M, Jans, T, Berner, A, Hetzke, L, Weyrich, S, Emser, T, Hauer, D, Scholz, V, Ulsamer, S, Wallau, C, Ravens-Sieberer, U, Kaman, A, Gilbert, M, Greiner, W, Heuschmann, P, Fiessler, C, Widmann, J, Riederer, C, and Horn, A
Published: 2022

14. Erwartungen, Wünsche und Vorbehalte bei der Implementierung von unterschiedlichen Surveillance-Protokollen zur Detektion von SARS-CoV-2-Infektionen in Kinderbetreuungseinrichtungen - Wü-KiTa-CoV-Studie

Author: Gierszewski, D, Krauthausen, M, Forster, J, Streng, A, Pietsch, F, Wallstabe, J, Hartmann, K, Rücker, V, Schmidt, J, Ludwig, T, Heuschmann, P, Jans, T, Weißbrich, B, Romanos, M, Dölken, L, Härtel, C, Kurzai, O, Liese, J, Gágyor, I, Gierszewski, D, Krauthausen, M, Forster, J, Streng, A, Pietsch, F, Wallstabe, J, Hartmann, K, Rücker, V, Schmidt, J, Ludwig, T, Heuschmann, P, Jans, T, Weißbrich, B, Romanos, M, Dölken, L, Härtel, C, Kurzai, O, Liese, J, and Gágyor, I
Published: 2021

15. Veränderung der psychischen Belastung von Eltern und Betreuer*innen in Kindertagesstätten während verschiedener Surveillance-Protokolle zur Detektion von SARS-CoV-2-Infektionen in der Würzburger Kinderbetreuungsstudie (Wü-KiTa-CoV)

Author: Krauthausen, M, Gierszewski, D, Forster, J, Streng, A, Pietsch, F, Wallstabe, J, Hartmann, K, Rücker, V, Schmidt, J, Ludwig, T, Heuschmann, P, Jans, T, Weissbrich, B, Romanos, M, Dölken, L, Härtel, C, Kurzai, O, Liese, J, Gágyor, I, Krauthausen, M, Gierszewski, D, Forster, J, Streng, A, Pietsch, F, Wallstabe, J, Hartmann, K, Rücker, V, Schmidt, J, Ludwig, T, Heuschmann, P, Jans, T, Weissbrich, B, Romanos, M, Dölken, L, Härtel, C, Kurzai, O, Liese, J, and Gágyor, I
Published: 2021

16. Neuroenhancement im Studium - eine Befragung unter Würzburger Studierenden

Author: Hajduk, MM, Tiedemann, E, Romanos, M, Simmenroth, A, Hajduk, MM, Tiedemann, E, Romanos, M, and Simmenroth, A
Published: 2021

17. The World Federation of ADHD International Consensus Statement: 208 Evidence-based conclusions about the disorder

Author: Faraone, S, Banaschewski, T, Coghill, D, Zheng, Y, Biederman, J, Bellgrove, MA, Newcorn, JH, Gignac, M, Al Saud, NM, Manor, I, Rohde, LA, Yang, L, Cortese, S, Almagor, D, Stein, MA, Albatti, TH, Aljoudi, HF, Alqahtani, MMJ, Asherson, P, Atwoli, L, Bolte, S, Buitelaar, JK, Crunelle, CL, Daley, D, Dalsgaard, S, Doepfner, M, Espinet, S, Fitzgerald, M, Franke, B, Gerlach, M, Haavik, J, Hartman, CA, Hartung, CM, Hinshaw, SP, Hoekstra, PJ, Hollis, C, Kollins, SH, Kooij, JJS, Kuntsi, J, Larsson, H, Li, T, Liu, J, Merzon, E, Mattingly, G, Mattos, P, McCarthy, S, Mikami, AY, Molina, BSG, Nigg, JT, Purper-Ouakil, D, Omigbodun, OO, Polanczyk, G, Pollak, Y, Poulton, AS, Rajkumar, RP, Reding, A, Reif, A, Rubia, K, Rucklidge, J, Romanos, M, Ramos-Quiroga, JA, Schellekens, A, Scheres, A, Schoeman, R, Schweitzer, JB, Shah, H, Solanto, M, Sonuga-Barke, E, Soutullo, C, Steinhausen, H-C, Swanson, JM, Thapar, A, Tripp, G, van de Glind, G, van den Brink, W, Van der Oord, S, Venter, A, Vitiello, B, Walitza, S, Wang, Y, Faraone, S, Banaschewski, T, Coghill, D, Zheng, Y, Biederman, J, Bellgrove, MA, Newcorn, JH, Gignac, M, Al Saud, NM, Manor, I, Rohde, LA, Yang, L, Cortese, S, Almagor, D, Stein, MA, Albatti, TH, Aljoudi, HF, Alqahtani, MMJ, Asherson, P, Atwoli, L, Bolte, S, Buitelaar, JK, Crunelle, CL, Daley, D, Dalsgaard, S, Doepfner, M, Espinet, S, Fitzgerald, M, Franke, B, Gerlach, M, Haavik, J, Hartman, CA, Hartung, CM, Hinshaw, SP, Hoekstra, PJ, Hollis, C, Kollins, SH, Kooij, JJS, Kuntsi, J, Larsson, H, Li, T, Liu, J, Merzon, E, Mattingly, G, Mattos, P, McCarthy, S, Mikami, AY, Molina, BSG, Nigg, JT, Purper-Ouakil, D, Omigbodun, OO, Polanczyk, G, Pollak, Y, Poulton, AS, Rajkumar, RP, Reding, A, Reif, A, Rubia, K, Rucklidge, J, Romanos, M, Ramos-Quiroga, JA, Schellekens, A, Scheres, A, Schoeman, R, Schweitzer, JB, Shah, H, Solanto, M, Sonuga-Barke, E, Soutullo, C, Steinhausen, H-C, Swanson, JM, Thapar, A, Tripp, G, van de Glind, G, van den Brink, W, Van der Oord, S, Venter, A, Vitiello, B, Walitza, S, and Wang, Y
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Misconceptions about ADHD stigmatize affected people, reduce credibility of providers, and prevent/delay treatment. To challenge misconceptions, we curated findings with strong evidence base. METHODS: We reviewed studies with more than 2000 participants or meta-analyses from five or more studies or 2000 or more participants. We excluded meta-analyses that did not assess publication bias, except for meta-analyses of prevalence. For network meta-analyses we required comparison adjusted funnel plots. We excluded treatment studies with waiting-list or treatment as usual controls. From this literature, we extracted evidence-based assertions about the disorder. RESULTS: We generated 208 empirically supported statements about ADHD. The status of the included statements as empirically supported is approved by 80 authors from 27 countries and 6 continents. The contents of the manuscript are endorsed by 366 people who have read this document and agree with its contents. CONCLUSIONS: Many findings in ADHD are supported by meta-analysis. These allow for firm statements about the nature, course, outcome causes, and treatments for disorders that are useful for reducing misconceptions and stigma.
Published: 2021

18. Genome structure and function of some viruses of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici

Author: Romanos, M. A.
Subjects: 572
Published: 1981

19. The structure and function of some viruses of Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var. Tritici

Author: Romanos, M. A.
Subjects: 579, Microbiology
Published: 1981

20. Using real patients in e-learning: case-based online training in child and adolescent psychiatry

Author: Taurines, R, Radtke, F, Romanos, M, König, S, Taurines, R, Radtke, F, Romanos, M, and König, S
Abstract: Objectives: In undergraduate medical education and in the subject of child and adolescent psychiatry, examining young patients face-to-face is a key element of teaching. With the abrupt shutdown of face-to-face teaching caused by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, a case-based online training program integrating audio and video of real patients was developed.Methods: The blended learning platform CaseTrain guides medical students in their final year through real child-psychiatric patient cases, such as anorexia, autism, or attention deficit disorder, through presentation of video and audio of real patients and parents. The teaching format complements lectures on child psychiatric topics, comprising asynchronous elements (self-study using the digital material) as well as synchronous elements (web-conferences with a specialist). Learning objectives for students were set to develop knowledge of the spectra of psychiatric disorders that affect children and to recognize approaches how to assess and manage common psychiatric problems of childhood and adolescence.Results: The feedback from medical students through oral and written evaluation was positive. They appreciated getting to know 'real-world patients' in times of such a pandemic, to learn explorative techniques from role models, and to be in close contact with the supervising specialist. In consequence of critical feedback on the length of some video sequences, these training units will undergo revision.Conclusions: Case-based online training may continue to be a useful option in a post-pandemic future as integral part of medical education, complementing face-to-face lectures and training in (child) psychiatry., Zielsetzungen: Im Studium der Humanmedizin und besonders im Fach Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie ist die Untersuchung junger Patienten von Angesicht zu Angesicht ein Schlüsselelement der Lehre. Mit der abrupten Einstellung der Präsenzlehre aufgrund der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie wurde ein fallbasiertes Online-Trainingsprogramm entwickelt, in das Audio- und Videoaufnahmen von realen Patienten integriert wurden.Methoden: Auf der Plattform CaseTrain, eingebettet in ein Blended-Learning-Konzept, bearbeiten Medizinstudierende kinderpsychiatrische Patientenfälle, beispielsweise zu den Themen Anorexie, Autismus oder Aktivitäts- und Aufmerksamkeitsstörung. Videos und Audioaufnahmen realer Patientinnen und Patienten und deren Eltern sind in die Fälle integriert. Das Online-Lehrangebot für Studierende im letzten Studienjahr vor dem Praktischen Jahr wird ergänzt durch Vorlesungen zu kinderpsychiatrischen Themen und enthält sowohl asynchrone (Selbststudium unter Verwendung des digitalen Materials) als auch synchrone Elemente (Web-Konferenzen mit einer fachärztlichen Person oder erfahrenen Psychologinnen und Psychologen). Die Lerninhalte umfassen das gesamte Spektrum psychischer Störungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Ferner werden Kompetenzen zu häufigen psychischen Problemen im Kindes- und Jugendalter im Hinblick auf die klinische Einordnung und zielgerichteter diagnostischer und therapeutischer Verfahren vermittelt.Ergebnisse: Das Feedback durch die Medizinstudierenden mittels mündlicher und schriftlicher Evaluationen war positiv. Sie schätzten es, in Pandemie-Zeiten den "Patienten aus der realen Welt" virtuell zu begegnen, Gesprächsmethoden am Vorbild zu erlernen und sich mit den Lehrpersonen auszutauschen. Infolge der kritischen Rückmeldung zur Länge einiger Videosequenzen werden diese Ausbildungseinheiten überarbeitet.Schlussfolgerungen: Das hier vorgestellte fallbasierte Online-Trainingsprogramm kann auch in Zukunft nach der Pandemie ein wertvolles Lehrangebot darstellen und Präsenz
Published: 2020

21. Wirksamkeit sektorenübergreifender Versorgungsmodelle in der Psychiatrie (PsychCare): erste Ergebnisse der Primärdatenerhebung

Author: Soltmann, B, Neumann, A, von Peter, S, March, S, Häckl, D, Kliemt, R, Swart, E, Romanos, M, Heinze, M, Schmitt, J, Pfennig, A, Soltmann, B, Neumann, A, von Peter, S, March, S, Häckl, D, Kliemt, R, Swart, E, Romanos, M, Heinze, M, Schmitt, J, and Pfennig, A
Published: 2019

22. A functional genetic variation of SLC6A2 repressor hsa-miR-579-3p upregulates sympathetic noradrenergic processes of fear and anxiety

Author: Hommers, L. G., Richter, J., Yang, Y., Raab, A., Baumann, C., Lang, K., Schiele, M. A., Weber, H., Wittmann, A., Wolf, C., Alpers, G. W., Arolt, V., Domschke, K., Fehm, L., Fydrich, T., Gerlach, A., Gloster, A. T., Hamm, A. O., Helbig-Lang, S., Kircher, T., Lang, T., Pane-Farre, C. A., Pauli, P., Pfleiderer, B., Reif, A., Romanos, M., Straube, B., Stroehle, A., Wittchen, H. -U., Frantz, S., Ertl, G., Lohse, M. J., Lueken, U., Deckert, J., Hommers, L. G., Richter, J., Yang, Y., Raab, A., Baumann, C., Lang, K., Schiele, M. A., Weber, H., Wittmann, A., Wolf, C., Alpers, G. W., Arolt, V., Domschke, K., Fehm, L., Fydrich, T., Gerlach, A., Gloster, A. T., Hamm, A. O., Helbig-Lang, S., Kircher, T., Lang, T., Pane-Farre, C. A., Pauli, P., Pfleiderer, B., Reif, A., Romanos, M., Straube, B., Stroehle, A., Wittchen, H. -U., Frantz, S., Ertl, G., Lohse, M. J., Lueken, U., and Deckert, J.
Abstract: Increased sympathetic noradrenergic signaling is crucially involved in fear and anxiety as defensive states. MicroRNAs regulate dynamic gene expression during synaptic plasticity and genetic variation of microRNAs modulating noradrenaline transporter gene (SLC6A2) expression may thus lead to altered central and peripheral processing of fear and anxiety. In silico prediction of microRNA regulation of SLC6A2 was confirmed by luciferase reporter assays and identified hsa-miR-579-3p as a regulating microRNA. The minor (T)-allele of rs2910931 (MAF(cases) = 0.431, MAF(controls) = 0.368) upstream of MIR579 was associated with panic disorder in patients (p(allelic) = 0.004, n(cases) = 506, n(controls) = 506) and with higher trait anxiety in healthy individuals (p(ASI) = 0.029, p(ACQ) = 0.047, n = 3112). Compared to the major (A)allele, increased promoter activity was observed in luciferase reporter assays in vitro suggesting more effective MIR579 expression and SLC6A2 repression in vivo (p = 0.041). Healthy individuals carrying at least one (T)-allele showed a brain activation pattern suggesting increased defensive responding and sympathetic noradrenergic activation in midbrain and limbic areas during the extinction of conditioned fear. Panic disorder patients carrying two (T)-alleles showed elevated heart rates in an anxiety-provoking behavioral avoidance test (F(2, 270) = 5.47, p = 0.005). Fine-tuning of noradrenaline homeostasis by a MIR579 genetic variation modulated central and peripheral sympathetic noradrenergic activation during fear processing and anxiety. This study opens new perspectives on the role of microRNAs in the etiopathogenesis of anxiety disorders, particularly their cardiovascular symptoms and comorbidities.
Published: 2018

23. Analysis of shared heritability in common disorders of the brain

Author: Anttila, V, Bulik-Sullivan, B, Finucane, H, Walters, R, Bras, J, Duncan, L, Escott-Price, V, Falcone, G, Gormley, P, Malik, R, Patsopoulos, N, Ripke, S, Wei, Z, Yu, D, Lee, P, Turley, P, Grenier-Boley, B, Chouraki, V, Kamatani, Y, Berr, C, Letenneur, L, Hannequin, D, Amouyel, P, Boland, A, Deleuze, J, Duron, E, Vardarajan, B, Reitz, C, Goate, A, Huentelman, M, Ilyas Kamboh, M, Larson, E, Rogaeva, E, George-Hyslop, P, Hakonarson, H, Kukull, W, Farrer, L, Barnes, L, Beach, T, Yesim Demirci, F, Head, E, Hulette, C, Jicha, G, Kauwe, J, Kaye, J, Leverenz, J, Levey, A, Lieberman, A, Pankratz, V, Poon, W, Quinn, J, Saykin, A, Schneider, L, Smith, A, Sonnen, J, Stern, R, Van Deerlin, V, Van Eldik, L, Harold, D, Russo, G, Rubinsztein, D, Bayer, A, Tsolaki, M, Proitsi, P, Fox, N, Hampel, H, Owen, M, Mead, S, Passmore, P, Morgan, K, Nöthen, M, Rossor, M, Lupton, M, Hoffmann, P, Kornhuber, J, Lawlor, B, Mcquillin, A, Al-Chalabi, A, Bis, J, Ruiz, A, Boada, M, Seshadri, S, Beiser, A, Rice, K, Van Der Lee, S, De Jager, P, Geschwind, D, Riemenschneider, M, Riedel-Heller, S, Rotter, J, Ransmayr, G, Hyman, B, Cruchaga, C, Alegret, M, Winsvold, B, Palta, P, Farh, K, Cuenca-Leon, E, Furlotte, N, Kurth, T, Ligthart, L, Terwindt, G, Freilinger, T, Ran, C, Gordon, S, Borck, G, Adams, H, Lehtimäki, T, Wedenoja, J, Buring, J, Schürks, M, Hrafnsdottir, M, Hottenga, J, Penninx, B, Artto, V, Kaunisto, M, Vepsäläinen, S, Martin, N, Montgomery, G, Kurki, M, Hämäläinen, E, Huang, H, Huang, J, Sandor, C, Webber, C, Muller-Myhsok, B, Schreiber, S, Salomaa, V, Loehrer, E, Göbel, H, Macaya, A, Pozo-Rosich, P, Hansen, T, Werge, T, Kaprio, J, Metspalu, A, Kubisch, C, Ferrari, M, Belin, A, Van Den Maagdenberg, A, Zwart, J, Boomsma, D, Eriksson, N, Olesen, J, Chasman, D, Nyholt, D, Avbersek, A, Baum, L, Berkovic, S, Bradfield, J, Buono, R, Catarino, C, Cossette, P, De Jonghe, P, Depondt, C, Dlugos, D, Ferraro, T, French, J, Hjalgrim, H, Jamnadas-Khoda, J, Kälviäinen, R, Kunz, W, Lerche, H, Leu, C, Lindhout, D, Lo, W, Lowenstein, D, Mccormack, M, Møller, R, Molloy, A, Ng, P, Oliver, K, Privitera, M, Radtke, R, Ruppert, A, Sander, T, Schachter, S, Schankin, C, Scheffer, I, Schoch, S, Sisodiya, S, Smith, P, Sperling, M, Striano, P, Surges, R, Neil Thomas, G, Visscher, F, Whelan, C, Zara, F, Heinzen, E, Marson, A, Becker, F, Stroink, H, Zimprich, F, Gasser, T, Gibbs, R, Heutink, P, Martinez, M, Morris, H, Sharma, M, Ryten, M, Mok, K, Pulit, S, Bevan, S, Holliday, E, Attia, J, Battey, T, Boncoraglio, G, Thijs, V, Chen, W, Mitchell, B, Rothwell, P, Sharma, P, Sudlow, C, Vicente, A, Markus, H, Kourkoulis, C, Pera, J, Raffeld, M, Silliman, S, Perica, V, Thornton, L, Huckins, L, William Rayner, N, Lewis, C, Gratacos, M, Rybakowski, F, Keski-Rahkonen, A, Raevuori, A, Hudson, J, Reichborn-Kjennerud, T, Monteleone, P, Karwautz, A, Mannik, K, Baker, J, O'Toole, J, Trace, S, Davis, O, Helder, S, Ehrlich, S, Herpertz-Dahlmann, B, Danner, U, Van Elburg, A, Clementi, M, Forzan, M, Docampo, E, Lissowska, J, Hauser, J, Tortorella, A, Maj, M, Gonidakis, F, Tziouvas, K, Papezova, H, Yilmaz, Z, Wagner, G, Cohen-Woods, S, Herms, S, Julia, A, Rabionet, R, Dick, D, Ripatti, S, Andreassen, O, Espeseth, T, Lundervold, A, Steen, V, Pinto, D, Scherer, S, Aschauer, H, Schosser, A, Alfredsson, L, Padyukov, L, Halmi, K, Mitchell, J, Strober, M, Bergen, A, Kaye, W, Szatkiewicz, J, Cormand, B, Ramos-Quiroga, J, Sánchez-Mora, C, Ribasés, M, Casas, M, Hervas, A, Arranz, M, Haavik, J, Zayats, T, Johansson, S, Williams, N, Dempfle, A, Rothenberger, A, Kuntsi, J, Oades, R, Banaschewski, T, Franke, B, Buitelaar, J, Vasquez, A, Doyle, A, Reif, A, Lesch, K, Freitag, C, Rivero, O, Palmason, H, Romanos, M, Langley, K, Rietschel, M, Witt, S, Dalsgaard, S, Børglum, A, Waldman, I, Wilmot, B, Molly, N, Bau, C, Crosbie, J, Schachar, R, Loo, S, Mcgough, J, Grevet, E, Medland, S, Robinson, E, Weiss, L, Bacchelli, E, Bailey, A, Bal, V, Battaglia, A, Betancur, C, Bolton, P, Cantor, R, Celestino-Soper, P, Dawson, G, De Rubeis, S, Duque, F, Green, A, Klauck, S, Leboyer, M, Levitt, P, Maestrini, E, Mane, S, Moreno-De-Luca, D, Parr, J, Regan, R, Reichenberg, A, Sandin, S, Vorstman, J, Wassink, T, Wijsman, E, Cook, E, Santangelo, S, Delorme, R, Roge, B, Magalhaes, T, Arking, D, Schulze, T, Thompson, R, Strohmaier, J, Matthews, K, Melle, I, Morris, D, Blackwood, D, Mcintosh, A, Bergen, S, Schalling, M, Jamain, S, Maaser, A, Fischer, S, Reinbold, C, Fullerton, J, Guzman-Parra, J, Mayoral, F, Schofield, P, Cichon, S, Mühleisen, T, Degenhardt, F, Schumacher, J, Bauer, M, Mitchell, P, Gershon, E, Rice, J, Potash, J, Zandi, P, Craddock, N, Nicol Ferrier, I, Alda, M, Rouleau, G, Turecki, G, Ophoff, R, Pato, C, Anjorin, A, Stahl, E, Leber, M, Czerski, P, Cruceanu, C, Jones, I, Posthuma, D, Andlauer, T, Forstner, A, Streit, F, Baune, B, Air, T, Sinnamon, G, Wray, N, Macintyre, D, Porteous, D, Homuth, G, Rivera, M, Grove, J, Middeldorp, C, Hickie, I, Pergadia, M, Mehta, D, Smit, J, Jansen, R, De Geus, E, Dunn, E, Li, Q, Nauck, M, Schoevers, R, Beekman, A, Knowles, J, Viktorin, A, Arnold, P, Barr, C, Bedoya-Berrio, G, Joseph Bienvenu, O, Brentani, H, Burton, C, Camarena, B, Cappi, C, Cath, D, Cavallini, M, Cusi, D, Darrow, S, Denys, D, Derks, E, Dietrich, A, Fernandez, T, Figee, M, Freimer, N, Gerber, G, Grados, M, Greenberg, E, Hanna, G, Hartmann, A, Hirschtritt, M, Hoekstra, P, Huang, A, Huyser, C, Illmann, C, Jenike, M, Kuperman, S, Leventhal, B, Lochner, C, Lyon, G, Macciardi, F, Madruga-Garrido, M, Malaty, I, Maras, A, Mcgrath, L, Miguel, E, Mir, P, Nestadt, G, Nicolini, H, Okun, M, Pakstis, A, Paschou, P, Piacentini, J, Pittenger, C, Plessen, K, Ramensky, V, Ramos, E, Reus, V, Richter, M, Riddle, M, Robertson, M, Roessner, V, Rosário, M, Samuels, J, Sandor, P, Stein, D, Tsetsos, F, Van Nieuwerburgh, F, Weatherall, S, Wendland, J, Wolanczyk, T, Worbe, Y, Zai, G, Goes, F, Mclaughlin, N, Nestadt, P, Grabe, H, Depienne, C, Konkashbaev, A, Lanzagorta, N, Valencia-Duarte, A, Bramon, E, Buccola, N, Cahn, W, Cairns, M, Chong, S, Cohen, D, Crespo-Facorro, B, Crowley, J, Davidson, M, Delisi, L, Dinan, T, Donohoe, G, Drapeau, E, Duan, J, Haan, L, Hougaard, D, Karachanak-Yankova, S, Khrunin, A, Klovins, J, Kučinskas, V, Keong, J, Limborska, S, Loughland, C, Lönnqvist, J, Maher, B, Mattheisen, M, Mcdonald, C, Murphy, K, Nenadic, I, Van Os, J, Pantelis, C, Pato, M, Petryshen, T, Quested, D, Roussos, P, Sanders, A, Schall, U, Schwab, S, Sim, K, So, H, Stögmann, E, Subramaniam, M, Toncheva, D, Waddington, J, Walters, J, Weiser, M, Cheng, W, Cloninger, R, Curtis, D, Gejman, P, Henskens, F, Mattingsdal, M, Oh, S, Scott, R, Webb, B, Breen, G, Churchhouse, C, Bulik, C, Daly, M, Dichgans, M, Faraone, S, Guerreiro, R, Holmans, P, Kendler, K, Koeleman, B, Mathews, C, Price, A, Scharf, J, Sklar, P, Williams, J, Wood, N, Cotsapas, C, Palotie, A, Smoller, J, Sullivan, P, Rosand, J, Corvin, A, Neale, B, Anttila, Verneri, Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan, Finucane, Hilary K., Walters, Raymond K., Bras, Jose, Duncan, Laramie, Escott-Price, Valentina, Falcone, Guido J., Gormley, Padhraig, Malik, Rainer, Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A., Ripke, Stephan, Wei, Zhi, Yu, Dongmei, Lee, Phil H., Turley, Patrick, Grenier-Boley, Benjamin, Chouraki, Vincent, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Berr, Claudine, Letenneur, Luc, Hannequin, Didier, Amouyel, Philippe, Boland, Anne, Deleuze, Jean-François, Duron, Emmanuelle, Vardarajan, Badri N., Reitz, Christiane, Goate, Alison M., Huentelman, Matthew J., Ilyas Kamboh, M., Larson, Eric B., Rogaeva, Ekaterina, George-Hyslop, Peter St, Hakonarson, Hakon, Kukull, Walter A., Farrer, Lindsay A., Barnes, Lisa L., Beach, Thomas G., Yesim Demirci, F., Head, Elizabeth, Hulette, Christine M., Jicha, Gregory A., Kauwe, John S. K., Kaye, Jeffrey A., Leverenz, James B., Levey, Allan I., Lieberman, Andrew P., Pankratz, Vernon S., Poon, Wayne W., Quinn, Joseph F., Saykin, Andrew J., Schneider, Lon S., Smith, Amanda G., Sonnen, Joshua A., Stern, Robert A., Van Deerlin, Vivianna M., Van Eldik, Linda J., Harold, Denise, Russo, Giancarlo, Rubinsztein, David C., Bayer, Anthony, Tsolaki, Magda, Proitsi, Petra, Fox, Nick C., Hampel, Harald, Owen, Michael J., Mead, Simon, Passmore, Peter, Morgan, Kevin, Nöthen, Markus M., Rossor, Martin, Lupton, Michelle K., Hoffmann, Per, Kornhuber, Johannes, Lawlor, Brian, McQuillin, Andrew, Al-Chalabi, Ammar, Bis, Joshua C., Ruiz, Agustin, Boada, Mercè, Seshadri, Sudha, Beiser, Alexa, Rice, Kenneth, Van Der Lee, Sven J., De Jager, Philip L., Geschwind, Daniel H., Riemenschneider, Matthias, Riedel-Heller, Steffi, Rotter, Jerome I., Ransmayr, Gerhard, Hyman, Bradley T., Cruchaga, Carlos, Alegret, Montserrat, Winsvold, Bendik, Palta, Priit, Farh, Kai-How, Cuenca-Leon, Ester, Furlotte, Nicholas, Kurth, Tobias, Ligthart, Lannie, Terwindt, Gisela M., Freilinger, Tobias, Ran, Caroline, Gordon, Scott D., Borck, Guntram, Adams, Hieab H. H., Lehtimäki, Terho, Wedenoja, Juho, Buring, Julie E., Schürks, Markus, Hrafnsdottir, Maria, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Penninx, Brenda, Artto, Ville, Kaunisto, Mari, Vepsäläinen, Salli, Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Kurki, Mitja I., Hämäläinen, Eija, Huang, Hailiang, Huang, Jie, Sandor, Cynthia, Webber, Caleb, Muller-Myhsok, Bertram, Schreiber, Stefan, Salomaa, Veikko, Loehrer, Elizabeth, Göbel, Hartmut, Macaya, Alfons, Pozo-Rosich, Patricia, Hansen, Thomas, Werge, Thomas, Kaprio, Jaakko, Metspalu, Andres, Kubisch, Christian, Ferrari, Michel D., Belin, Andrea C., Van Den Maagdenberg, Arn M. J. M., Zwart, John-Anker, Boomsma, Dorret, Eriksson, Nicholas, Olesen, Jes, Chasman, Daniel I., Nyholt, Dale R., Avbersek, Andreja, Baum, Larry, Berkovic, Samuel, Bradfield, Jonathan, Buono, Russell, Catarino, Claudia B., Cossette, Patrick, De Jonghe, Peter, Depondt, Chantal, Dlugos, Dennis, Ferraro, Thomas N., French, Jacqueline, Hjalgrim, Helle, Jamnadas-Khoda, Jennifer, Kälviäinen, Reetta, Kunz, Wolfram S., Lerche, Holger, Leu, Costin, Lindhout, Dick, Lo, Warren, Lowenstein, Daniel, McCormack, Mark, Møller, Rikke S., Molloy, Anne, Ng, Ping-Wing, Oliver, Karen, Privitera, Michael, Radtke, Rodney, Ruppert, Ann-Kathrin, Sander, Thomas, Schachter, Steven, Schankin, Christoph, Scheffer, Ingrid, Schoch, Susanne, Sisodiya, Sanjay M., Smith, Philip, Sperling, Michael, Striano, Pasquale, Surges, Rainer, Neil Thomas, G., Visscher, Frank, Whelan, Christopher D., Zara, Federico, Heinzen, Erin L., Marson, Anthony, Becker, Felicitas, Stroink, Hans, Zimprich, Fritz, Gasser, Thomas, Gibbs, Raphael, Heutink, Peter, Martinez, Maria, Morris, Huw R., Sharma, Manu, Ryten, Mina, Mok, Kin Y., Pulit, Sara, Bevan, Steve, Holliday, Elizabeth, Attia, John, Battey, Thomas, BONCORAGLIO, GIORGIO BATTISTA, Thijs, Vincent, Chen, Wei-Min, Mitchell, Braxton, Rothwell, Peter, Sharma, Pankaj, Sudlow, Cathie, Vicente, Astrid, Markus, Hugh, Kourkoulis, Christina, Pera, Joana, Raffeld, Miriam, Silliman, Scott, Perica, Vesna Boraska, Thornton, Laura M., Huckins, Laura M., William Rayner, N., Lewis, Cathryn M., Gratacos, Monica, Rybakowski, Filip, Keski-Rahkonen, Anna, Raevuori, Anu, Hudson, James I., Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted, Monteleone, Palmiero, Karwautz, Andreas, Mannik, Katrin, Baker, Jessica H., O'Toole, Julie K., Trace, Sara E., Davis, Oliver S. 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D., Crosbie, Jennifer, Schachar, Russell, Loo, Sandra K., McGough, James J., Grevet, Eugenio H., Medland, Sarah E., Robinson, Elise, Weiss, Lauren A., Bacchelli, Elena, Bailey, Anthony, Bal, Vanessa, Battaglia, Agatino, Betancur, Catalina, Bolton, Patrick, Cantor, Rita, Celestino-Soper, Patrícia, Dawson, Geraldine, De Rubeis, Silvia, Duque, Frederico, Green, Andrew, Klauck, Sabine M., Leboyer, Marion, Levitt, Pat, Maestrini, Elena, Mane, Shrikant, Moreno-De-Luca, Daniel, Parr, Jeremy, Regan, Regina, Reichenberg, Abraham, Sandin, Sven, Vorstman, Jacob, Wassink, Thomas, Wijsman, Ellen, Cook, Edwin, Santangelo, Susan, Delorme, Richard, Roge, Bernadette, Magalhaes, Tiago, Arking, Dan, Schulze, Thomas G., Thompson, Robert C., Strohmaier, Jana, Matthews, Keith, Melle, Ingrid, Morris, Derek, Blackwood, Douglas, McIntosh, Andrew, Bergen, Sarah E., Schalling, Martin, Jamain, Stéphane, Maaser, Anna, Fischer, Sascha B., Reinbold, Céline S., Fullerton, Janice M., Guzman-Parra, José, Mayoral, Fermin, Schofield, Peter R., Cichon, Sven, Mühleisen, Thomas W., Degenhardt, Franziska, Schumacher, Johannes, Bauer, Michael, Mitchell, Philip B., Gershon, Elliot S., Rice, John, Potash, James B., Zandi, Peter P., Craddock, Nick, Nicol Ferrier, I., Alda, Martin, Rouleau, Guy A., Turecki, Gustavo, Ophoff, Roel, Pato, Carlos, Anjorin, Adebayo, Stahl, Eli, Leber, Markus, Czerski, Piotr M., Cruceanu, Cristiana, Jones, Ian R., Posthuma, Danielle, Andlauer, Till F. M., Forstner, Andreas J., Streit, Fabian, Baune, Bernhard T., Air, Tracy, Sinnamon, Grant, Wray, Naomi R., MacIntyre, Donald J., Porteous, David, Homuth, Georg, Rivera, Margarita, Grove, Jakob, Middeldorp, Christel M., Hickie, Ian, Pergadia, Michele, Mehta, Divya, Smit, Johannes H., Jansen, Rick, De Geus, Eco, Dunn, Erin, Li, Qingqin S., Nauck, Matthias, Schoevers, Robert A., Beekman, Aartjan TF, Knowles, James A., Viktorin, Alexander, Arnold, Paul, Barr, Cathy L., Bedoya-Berrio, Gabriel, Joseph Bienvenu, O., Brentani, Helena, Burton, Christie, Camarena, Beatriz, Cappi, Carolina, Cath, Danielle, Cavallini, Maria, Cusi, Daniele, Darrow, Sabrina, Denys, Damiaan, Derks, Eske M., Dietrich, Andrea, Fernandez, Thomas, Figee, Martijn, Freimer, Nelson, Gerber, Gloria, Grados, Marco, Greenberg, Erica, Hanna, Gregory L., Hartmann, Andreas, Hirschtritt, Matthew E., Hoekstra, Pieter J., Huang, Alden, Huyser, Chaim, Illmann, Cornelia, Jenike, Michael, Kuperman, Samuel, Leventhal, Bennett, Lochner, Christine, Lyon, Gholson J., Macciardi, Fabio, Madruga-Garrido, Marcos, Malaty, Irene A., Maras, Athanasios, McGrath, Lauren, Miguel, Eurípedes C., Mir, Pablo, Nestadt, Gerald, Nicolini, Humberto, Okun, Michael S., Pakstis, Andrew, Paschou, Peristera, Piacentini, John, Pittenger, Christopher, Plessen, Kerstin, Ramensky, Vasily, Ramos, Eliana M., Reus, Victor, Richter, Margaret A., Riddle, Mark A., Robertson, Mary M., Roessner, Veit, Rosário, Maria, Samuels, Jack F., Sandor, Paul, Stein, Dan J., Tsetsos, Fotis, Van Nieuwerburgh, Filip, Weatherall, Sarah, Wendland, Jens R., Wolanczyk, Tomasz, Worbe, Yulia, Zai, Gwyneth, Goes, Fernando S., McLaughlin, Nicole, Nestadt, Paul S., Grabe, Hans-Jorgen, Depienne, Christel, Konkashbaev, Anuar, Lanzagorta, Nuria, Valencia-Duarte, Ana, Bramon, Elvira, Buccola, Nancy, Cahn, Wiepke, Cairns, Murray, Chong, Siow A., Cohen, David, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Crowley, James, Davidson, Michael, DeLisi, Lynn, Dinan, Timothy, Donohoe, Gary, Drapeau, Elodie, Duan, Jubao, Haan, Lieuwe, Hougaard, David, Karachanak-Yankova, Sena, Khrunin, Andrey, Klovins, Janis, Kučinskas, Vaidutis, Keong, Jimmy Lee Chee, Limborska, Svetlana, Loughland, Carmel, Lönnqvist, Jouko, Maher, Brion, Mattheisen, Manuel, McDonald, Colm, Murphy, Kieran C., Nenadic, Igor, Van Os, Jim, Pantelis, Christos, Pato, Michele, Petryshen, Tracey, Quested, Digby, Roussos, Panos, Sanders, Alan R., Schall, Ulrich, Schwab, Sibylle G., Sim, Kang, So, Hon-Cheong, Stögmann, Elisabeth, Subramaniam, Mythily, Toncheva, Draga, Waddington, John, Walters, James, Weiser, Mark, Cheng, Wei, Cloninger, Robert, Curtis, David, Gejman, Pablo V., Henskens, Frans, Mattingsdal, Morten, Oh, Sang-Yun, Scott, Rodney, Webb, Bradley, Breen, Gerome, Churchhouse, Claire, Bulik, Cynthia M., Daly, Mark, Dichgans, Martin, Faraone, Stephen V., Guerreiro, Rita, Holmans, Peter, Kendler, Kenneth S., Koeleman, Bobby, Mathews, Carol A., Price, Alkes, Scharf, Jeremiah, Sklar, Pamela, Williams, Julie, Wood, Nicholas W., Cotsapas, Chris, Palotie, Aarno, Smoller, Jordan W., Sullivan, Patrick, Rosand, Jonathan, Corvin, Aiden, Neale, Benjamin M., Anttila, V, Bulik-Sullivan, B, Finucane, H, Walters, R, Bras, J, Duncan, L, Escott-Price, V, Falcone, G, Gormley, P, Malik, R, Patsopoulos, N, Ripke, S, Wei, Z, Yu, D, Lee, P, Turley, P, Grenier-Boley, B, Chouraki, V, Kamatani, Y, Berr, C, Letenneur, L, Hannequin, D, Amouyel, P, Boland, A, Deleuze, J, Duron, E, Vardarajan, B, Reitz, C, Goate, A, Huentelman, M, Ilyas Kamboh, M, Larson, E, Rogaeva, E, George-Hyslop, P, Hakonarson, H, Kukull, W, Farrer, L, Barnes, L, Beach, T, Yesim Demirci, F, Head, E, Hulette, C, Jicha, G, Kauwe, J, Kaye, J, Leverenz, J, Levey, A, Lieberman, A, Pankratz, V, Poon, W, Quinn, J, Saykin, A, Schneider, L, Smith, A, Sonnen, J, Stern, R, Van Deerlin, V, Van Eldik, L, Harold, D, Russo, G, Rubinsztein, D, Bayer, A, Tsolaki, M, Proitsi, P, Fox, N, Hampel, H, Owen, M, Mead, S, Passmore, P, Morgan, K, Nöthen, M, Rossor, M, Lupton, M, Hoffmann, P, Kornhuber, J, Lawlor, B, Mcquillin, A, Al-Chalabi, A, Bis, J, Ruiz, A, Boada, M, Seshadri, S, Beiser, A, Rice, K, Van Der Lee, S, De Jager, P, Geschwind, D, Riemenschneider, M, Riedel-Heller, S, Rotter, J, Ransmayr, G, Hyman, B, Cruchaga, C, Alegret, M, Winsvold, B, Palta, P, Farh, K, Cuenca-Leon, E, Furlotte, N, Kurth, T, Ligthart, L, Terwindt, G, Freilinger, T, Ran, C, Gordon, S, Borck, G, Adams, H, Lehtimäki, T, Wedenoja, J, Buring, J, Schürks, M, Hrafnsdottir, M, Hottenga, J, Penninx, B, Artto, V, Kaunisto, M, Vepsäläinen, S, Martin, N, Montgomery, G, Kurki, M, Hämäläinen, E, Huang, H, Huang, J, Sandor, C, Webber, C, Muller-Myhsok, B, Schreiber, S, Salomaa, V, Loehrer, E, Göbel, H, Macaya, A, Pozo-Rosich, P, Hansen, T, Werge, T, Kaprio, J, Metspalu, A, Kubisch, C, Ferrari, M, Belin, A, Van Den Maagdenberg, A, Zwart, J, Boomsma, D, Eriksson, N, Olesen, J, Chasman, D, Nyholt, D, Avbersek, A, Baum, L, Berkovic, S, Bradfield, J, Buono, R, Catarino, C, Cossette, P, De Jonghe, P, Depondt, C, Dlugos, D, Ferraro, T, French, J, Hjalgrim, H, Jamnadas-Khoda, J, Kälviäinen, R, Kunz, W, Lerche, H, Leu, C, Lindhout, D, Lo, W, Lowenstein, D, Mccormack, M, Møller, R, Molloy, A, Ng, P, Oliver, K, Privitera, M, Radtke, R, Ruppert, A, Sander, T, Schachter, S, Schankin, C, Scheffer, I, Schoch, S, Sisodiya, S, Smith, P, Sperling, M, Striano, P, Surges, R, Neil Thomas, G, Visscher, F, Whelan, C, Zara, F, Heinzen, E, Marson, A, Becker, F, Stroink, H, Zimprich, F, Gasser, T, Gibbs, R, Heutink, P, Martinez, M, Morris, H, Sharma, M, Ryten, M, Mok, K, Pulit, S, Bevan, S, Holliday, E, Attia, J, Battey, T, Boncoraglio, G, Thijs, V, Chen, W, Mitchell, B, Rothwell, P, Sharma, P, Sudlow, C, Vicente, A, Markus, H, Kourkoulis, C, Pera, J, Raffeld, M, Silliman, S, Perica, V, Thornton, L, Huckins, L, William Rayner, N, Lewis, C, Gratacos, M, Rybakowski, F, Keski-Rahkonen, A, Raevuori, A, Hudson, J, Reichborn-Kjennerud, T, Monteleone, P, Karwautz, A, Mannik, K, Baker, J, O'Toole, J, Trace, S, Davis, O, Helder, S, Ehrlich, S, Herpertz-Dahlmann, B, Danner, U, Van Elburg, A, Clementi, M, Forzan, M, Docampo, E, Lissowska, J, Hauser, J, Tortorella, A, Maj, M, Gonidakis, F, Tziouvas, K, Papezova, H, Yilmaz, Z, Wagner, G, Cohen-Woods, S, Herms, S, Julia, A, Rabionet, R, Dick, D, Ripatti, S, Andreassen, O, Espeseth, T, Lundervold, A, Steen, V, Pinto, D, Scherer, S, Aschauer, H, Schosser, A, Alfredsson, L, Padyukov, L, Halmi, K, Mitchell, J, Strober, M, Bergen, A, Kaye, W, Szatkiewicz, J, Cormand, B, Ramos-Quiroga, J, Sánchez-Mora, C, Ribasés, M, Casas, M, Hervas, A, Arranz, M, Haavik, J, Zayats, T, Johansson, S, Williams, N, Dempfle, A, Rothenberger, A, Kuntsi, J, Oades, R, Banaschewski, T, Franke, B, Buitelaar, J, Vasquez, A, Doyle, A, Reif, A, Lesch, K, Freitag, C, Rivero, O, Palmason, H, Romanos, M, Langley, K, Rietschel, M, Witt, S, Dalsgaard, S, Børglum, A, Waldman, I, Wilmot, B, Molly, N, Bau, C, Crosbie, J, Schachar, R, Loo, S, Mcgough, J, Grevet, E, Medland, S, Robinson, E, Weiss, L, Bacchelli, E, Bailey, A, Bal, V, Battaglia, A, Betancur, C, Bolton, P, Cantor, R, Celestino-Soper, P, Dawson, G, De Rubeis, S, Duque, F, Green, A, Klauck, S, Leboyer, M, Levitt, P, Maestrini, E, Mane, S, Moreno-De-Luca, D, Parr, J, Regan, R, Reichenberg, A, Sandin, S, Vorstman, J, Wassink, T, Wijsman, E, Cook, E, Santangelo, S, Delorme, R, Roge, B, Magalhaes, T, Arking, D, Schulze, T, Thompson, R, Strohmaier, J, Matthews, K, Melle, I, Morris, D, Blackwood, D, Mcintosh, A, Bergen, S, Schalling, M, Jamain, S, Maaser, A, Fischer, S, Reinbold, C, Fullerton, J, Guzman-Parra, J, Mayoral, F, Schofield, P, Cichon, S, Mühleisen, T, Degenhardt, F, Schumacher, J, Bauer, M, Mitchell, P, Gershon, E, Rice, J, Potash, J, Zandi, P, Craddock, N, Nicol Ferrier, I, Alda, M, Rouleau, G, Turecki, G, Ophoff, R, Pato, C, Anjorin, A, Stahl, E, Leber, M, Czerski, P, Cruceanu, C, Jones, I, Posthuma, D, Andlauer, T, Forstner, A, Streit, F, Baune, B, Air, T, Sinnamon, G, Wray, N, Macintyre, D, Porteous, D, Homuth, G, Rivera, M, Grove, J, Middeldorp, C, Hickie, I, Pergadia, M, Mehta, D, Smit, J, Jansen, R, De Geus, E, Dunn, E, Li, Q, Nauck, M, Schoevers, R, Beekman, A, Knowles, J, Viktorin, A, Arnold, P, Barr, C, Bedoya-Berrio, G, Joseph Bienvenu, O, Brentani, H, Burton, C, Camarena, B, Cappi, C, Cath, D, Cavallini, M, Cusi, D, Darrow, S, Denys, D, Derks, E, Dietrich, A, Fernandez, T, Figee, M, Freimer, N, Gerber, G, Grados, M, Greenberg, E, Hanna, G, Hartmann, A, Hirschtritt, M, Hoekstra, P, Huang, A, Huyser, C, Illmann, C, Jenike, M, Kuperman, S, Leventhal, B, Lochner, C, Lyon, G, Macciardi, F, Madruga-Garrido, M, Malaty, I, Maras, A, Mcgrath, L, Miguel, E, Mir, P, Nestadt, G, Nicolini, H, Okun, M, Pakstis, A, Paschou, P, Piacentini, J, Pittenger, C, Plessen, K, Ramensky, V, Ramos, E, Reus, V, Richter, M, Riddle, M, Robertson, M, Roessner, V, Rosário, M, Samuels, J, Sandor, P, Stein, D, Tsetsos, F, Van Nieuwerburgh, F, Weatherall, S, Wendland, J, Wolanczyk, T, Worbe, Y, Zai, G, Goes, F, Mclaughlin, N, Nestadt, P, Grabe, H, Depienne, C, Konkashbaev, A, Lanzagorta, N, Valencia-Duarte, A, Bramon, E, Buccola, N, Cahn, W, Cairns, M, Chong, S, Cohen, D, Crespo-Facorro, B, Crowley, J, Davidson, M, Delisi, L, Dinan, T, Donohoe, G, Drapeau, E, Duan, J, Haan, L, Hougaard, D, Karachanak-Yankova, S, Khrunin, A, Klovins, J, Kučinskas, V, Keong, J, Limborska, S, Loughland, C, Lönnqvist, J, Maher, B, Mattheisen, M, Mcdonald, C, Murphy, K, Nenadic, I, Van Os, J, Pantelis, C, Pato, M, Petryshen, T, Quested, D, Roussos, P, Sanders, A, Schall, U, Schwab, S, Sim, K, So, H, Stögmann, E, Subramaniam, M, Toncheva, D, Waddington, J, Walters, J, Weiser, M, Cheng, W, Cloninger, R, Curtis, D, Gejman, P, Henskens, F, Mattingsdal, M, Oh, S, Scott, R, Webb, B, Breen, G, Churchhouse, C, Bulik, C, Daly, M, Dichgans, M, Faraone, S, Guerreiro, R, Holmans, P, Kendler, K, Koeleman, B, Mathews, C, Price, A, Scharf, J, Sklar, P, Williams, J, Wood, N, Cotsapas, C, Palotie, A, Smoller, J, Sullivan, P, Rosand, J, Corvin, A, Neale, B, Anttila, Verneri, Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan, Finucane, Hilary K., Walters, Raymond K., Bras, Jose, Duncan, Laramie, Escott-Price, Valentina, Falcone, Guido J., Gormley, Padhraig, Malik, Rainer, Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A., Ripke, Stephan, Wei, Zhi, Yu, Dongmei, Lee, Phil H., Turley, Patrick, Grenier-Boley, Benjamin, Chouraki, Vincent, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Berr, Claudine, Letenneur, Luc, Hannequin, Didier, Amouyel, Philippe, Boland, Anne, Deleuze, Jean-François, Duron, Emmanuelle, Vardarajan, Badri N., Reitz, Christiane, Goate, Alison M., Huentelman, Matthew J., Ilyas Kamboh, M., Larson, Eric B., Rogaeva, Ekaterina, George-Hyslop, Peter St, Hakonarson, Hakon, Kukull, Walter A., Farrer, Lindsay A., Barnes, Lisa L., Beach, Thomas G., Yesim Demirci, F., Head, Elizabeth, Hulette, Christine M., Jicha, Gregory A., Kauwe, John S. K., Kaye, Jeffrey A., Leverenz, James B., Levey, Allan I., Lieberman, Andrew P., Pankratz, Vernon S., Poon, Wayne W., Quinn, Joseph F., Saykin, Andrew J., Schneider, Lon S., Smith, Amanda G., Sonnen, Joshua A., Stern, Robert A., Van Deerlin, Vivianna M., Van Eldik, Linda J., Harold, Denise, Russo, Giancarlo, Rubinsztein, David C., Bayer, Anthony, Tsolaki, Magda, Proitsi, Petra, Fox, Nick C., Hampel, Harald, Owen, Michael J., Mead, Simon, Passmore, Peter, Morgan, Kevin, Nöthen, Markus M., Rossor, Martin, Lupton, Michelle K., Hoffmann, Per, Kornhuber, Johannes, Lawlor, Brian, McQuillin, Andrew, Al-Chalabi, Ammar, Bis, Joshua C., Ruiz, Agustin, Boada, Mercè, Seshadri, Sudha, Beiser, Alexa, Rice, Kenneth, Van Der Lee, Sven J., De Jager, Philip L., Geschwind, Daniel H., Riemenschneider, Matthias, Riedel-Heller, Steffi, Rotter, Jerome I., Ransmayr, Gerhard, Hyman, Bradley T., Cruchaga, Carlos, Alegret, Montserrat, Winsvold, Bendik, Palta, Priit, Farh, Kai-How, Cuenca-Leon, Ester, Furlotte, Nicholas, Kurth, Tobias, Ligthart, Lannie, Terwindt, Gisela M., Freilinger, Tobias, Ran, Caroline, Gordon, Scott D., Borck, Guntram, Adams, Hieab H. H., Lehtimäki, Terho, Wedenoja, Juho, Buring, Julie E., Schürks, Markus, Hrafnsdottir, Maria, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Penninx, Brenda, Artto, Ville, Kaunisto, Mari, Vepsäläinen, Salli, Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Kurki, Mitja I., Hämäläinen, Eija, Huang, Hailiang, Huang, Jie, Sandor, Cynthia, Webber, Caleb, Muller-Myhsok, Bertram, Schreiber, Stefan, Salomaa, Veikko, Loehrer, Elizabeth, Göbel, Hartmut, Macaya, Alfons, Pozo-Rosich, Patricia, Hansen, Thomas, Werge, Thomas, Kaprio, Jaakko, Metspalu, Andres, Kubisch, Christian, Ferrari, Michel D., Belin, Andrea C., Van Den Maagdenberg, Arn M. J. M., Zwart, John-Anker, Boomsma, Dorret, Eriksson, Nicholas, Olesen, Jes, Chasman, Daniel I., Nyholt, Dale R., Avbersek, Andreja, Baum, Larry, Berkovic, Samuel, Bradfield, Jonathan, Buono, Russell, Catarino, Claudia B., Cossette, Patrick, De Jonghe, Peter, Depondt, Chantal, Dlugos, Dennis, Ferraro, Thomas N., French, Jacqueline, Hjalgrim, Helle, Jamnadas-Khoda, Jennifer, Kälviäinen, Reetta, Kunz, Wolfram S., Lerche, Holger, Leu, Costin, Lindhout, Dick, Lo, Warren, Lowenstein, Daniel, McCormack, Mark, Møller, Rikke S., Molloy, Anne, Ng, Ping-Wing, Oliver, Karen, Privitera, Michael, Radtke, Rodney, Ruppert, Ann-Kathrin, Sander, Thomas, Schachter, Steven, Schankin, Christoph, Scheffer, Ingrid, Schoch, Susanne, Sisodiya, Sanjay M., Smith, Philip, Sperling, Michael, Striano, Pasquale, Surges, Rainer, Neil Thomas, G., Visscher, Frank, Whelan, Christopher D., Zara, Federico, Heinzen, Erin L., Marson, Anthony, Becker, Felicitas, Stroink, Hans, Zimprich, Fritz, Gasser, Thomas, Gibbs, Raphael, Heutink, Peter, Martinez, Maria, Morris, Huw R., Sharma, Manu, Ryten, Mina, Mok, Kin Y., Pulit, Sara, Bevan, Steve, Holliday, Elizabeth, Attia, John, Battey, Thomas, BONCORAGLIO, GIORGIO BATTISTA, Thijs, Vincent, Chen, Wei-Min, Mitchell, Braxton, Rothwell, Peter, Sharma, Pankaj, Sudlow, Cathie, Vicente, Astrid, Markus, Hugh, Kourkoulis, Christina, Pera, Joana, Raffeld, Miriam, Silliman, Scott, Perica, Vesna Boraska, Thornton, Laura M., Huckins, Laura M., William Rayner, N., Lewis, Cathryn M., Gratacos, Monica, Rybakowski, Filip, Keski-Rahkonen, Anna, Raevuori, Anu, Hudson, James I., Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted, Monteleone, Palmiero, Karwautz, Andreas, Mannik, Katrin, Baker, Jessica H., O'Toole, Julie K., Trace, Sara E., Davis, Oliver S. P., Helder, Sietske G., Ehrlich, Stefan, Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Danner, Unna N., Van Elburg, Annemarie A., Clementi, Maurizio, Forzan, Monica, Docampo, Elisa, Lissowska, Jolanta, Hauser, Joanna, Tortorella, Alfonso, Maj, Mario, Gonidakis, Fragiskos, Tziouvas, Konstantinos, Papezova, Hana, Yilmaz, Zeynep, Wagner, Gudrun, Cohen-Woods, Sarah, Herms, Stefan, Julia, Antonio, Rabionet, Raquel, Dick, Danielle M., Ripatti, Samuli, Andreassen, Ole A., Espeseth, Thomas, Lundervold, Astri J., Steen, Vidar M., Pinto, Dalila, Scherer, Stephen W., Aschauer, Harald, Schosser, Alexandra, Alfredsson, Lars, Padyukov, Leonid, Halmi, Katherine A., Mitchell, James, Strober, Michael, Bergen, Andrew W., Kaye, Walter, Szatkiewicz, Jin Peng, Cormand, Bru, Ramos-Quiroga, Josep Antoni, Sánchez-Mora, Cristina, Ribasés, Marta, Casas, Miguel, Hervas, Amaia, Arranz, Maria Jesús, Haavik, Jan, Zayats, Tetyana, Johansson, Stefan, Williams, Nigel, Dempfle, Astrid, Rothenberger, Aribert, Kuntsi, Jonna, Oades, Robert D., Banaschewski, Tobias, Franke, Barbara, Buitelaar, Jan K., Vasquez, Alejandro Arias, Doyle, Alysa E., Reif, Andreas, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Freitag, Christine, Rivero, Olga, Palmason, Haukur, Romanos, Marcel, Langley, Kate, Rietschel, Marcella, Witt, Stephanie H., Dalsgaard, Soeren, Børglum, Anders D., Waldman, Irwin, Wilmot, Beth, Molly, Nikolas, Bau, Claiton H. D., Crosbie, Jennifer, Schachar, Russell, Loo, Sandra K., McGough, James J., Grevet, Eugenio H., Medland, Sarah E., Robinson, Elise, Weiss, Lauren A., Bacchelli, Elena, Bailey, Anthony, Bal, Vanessa, Battaglia, Agatino, Betancur, Catalina, Bolton, Patrick, Cantor, Rita, Celestino-Soper, Patrícia, Dawson, Geraldine, De Rubeis, Silvia, Duque, Frederico, Green, Andrew, Klauck, Sabine M., Leboyer, Marion, Levitt, Pat, Maestrini, Elena, Mane, Shrikant, Moreno-De-Luca, Daniel, Parr, Jeremy, Regan, Regina, Reichenberg, Abraham, Sandin, Sven, Vorstman, Jacob, Wassink, Thomas, Wijsman, Ellen, Cook, Edwin, Santangelo, Susan, Delorme, Richard, Roge, Bernadette, Magalhaes, Tiago, Arking, Dan, Schulze, Thomas G., Thompson, Robert C., Strohmaier, Jana, Matthews, Keith, Melle, Ingrid, Morris, Derek, Blackwood, Douglas, McIntosh, Andrew, Bergen, Sarah E., Schalling, Martin, Jamain, Stéphane, Maaser, Anna, Fischer, Sascha B., Reinbold, Céline S., Fullerton, Janice M., Guzman-Parra, José, Mayoral, Fermin, Schofield, Peter R., Cichon, Sven, Mühleisen, Thomas W., Degenhardt, Franziska, Schumacher, Johannes, Bauer, Michael, Mitchell, Philip B., Gershon, Elliot S., Rice, John, Potash, James B., Zandi, Peter P., Craddock, Nick, Nicol Ferrier, I., Alda, Martin, Rouleau, Guy A., Turecki, Gustavo, Ophoff, Roel, Pato, Carlos, Anjorin, Adebayo, Stahl, Eli, Leber, Markus, Czerski, Piotr M., Cruceanu, Cristiana, Jones, Ian R., Posthuma, Danielle, Andlauer, Till F. M., Forstner, Andreas J., Streit, Fabian, Baune, Bernhard T., Air, Tracy, Sinnamon, Grant, Wray, Naomi R., MacIntyre, Donald J., Porteous, David, Homuth, Georg, Rivera, Margarita, Grove, Jakob, Middeldorp, Christel M., Hickie, Ian, Pergadia, Michele, Mehta, Divya, Smit, Johannes H., Jansen, Rick, De Geus, Eco, Dunn, Erin, Li, Qingqin S., Nauck, Matthias, Schoevers, Robert A., Beekman, Aartjan TF, Knowles, James A., Viktorin, Alexander, Arnold, Paul, Barr, Cathy L., Bedoya-Berrio, Gabriel, Joseph Bienvenu, O., Brentani, Helena, Burton, Christie, Camarena, Beatriz, Cappi, Carolina, Cath, Danielle, Cavallini, Maria, Cusi, Daniele, Darrow, Sabrina, Denys, Damiaan, Derks, Eske M., Dietrich, Andrea, Fernandez, Thomas, Figee, Martijn, Freimer, Nelson, Gerber, Gloria, Grados, Marco, Greenberg, Erica, Hanna, Gregory L., Hartmann, Andreas, Hirschtritt, Matthew E., Hoekstra, Pieter J., Huang, Alden, Huyser, Chaim, Illmann, Cornelia, Jenike, Michael, Kuperman, Samuel, Leventhal, Bennett, Lochner, Christine, Lyon, Gholson J., Macciardi, Fabio, Madruga-Garrido, Marcos, Malaty, Irene A., Maras, Athanasios, McGrath, Lauren, Miguel, Eurípedes C., Mir, Pablo, Nestadt, Gerald, Nicolini, Humberto, Okun, Michael S., Pakstis, Andrew, Paschou, Peristera, Piacentini, John, Pittenger, Christopher, Plessen, Kerstin, Ramensky, Vasily, Ramos, Eliana M., Reus, Victor, Richter, Margaret A., Riddle, Mark A., Robertson, Mary M., Roessner, Veit, Rosário, Maria, Samuels, Jack F., Sandor, Paul, Stein, Dan J., Tsetsos, Fotis, Van Nieuwerburgh, Filip, Weatherall, Sarah, Wendland, Jens R., Wolanczyk, Tomasz, Worbe, Yulia, Zai, Gwyneth, Goes, Fernando S., McLaughlin, Nicole, Nestadt, Paul S., Grabe, Hans-Jorgen, Depienne, Christel, Konkashbaev, Anuar, Lanzagorta, Nuria, Valencia-Duarte, Ana, Bramon, Elvira, Buccola, Nancy, Cahn, Wiepke, Cairns, Murray, Chong, Siow A., Cohen, David, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Crowley, James, Davidson, Michael, DeLisi, Lynn, Dinan, Timothy, Donohoe, Gary, Drapeau, Elodie, Duan, Jubao, Haan, Lieuwe, Hougaard, David, Karachanak-Yankova, Sena, Khrunin, Andrey, Klovins, Janis, Kučinskas, Vaidutis, Keong, Jimmy Lee Chee, Limborska, Svetlana, Loughland, Carmel, Lönnqvist, Jouko, Maher, Brion, Mattheisen, Manuel, McDonald, Colm, Murphy, Kieran C., Nenadic, Igor, Van Os, Jim, Pantelis, Christos, Pato, Michele, Petryshen, Tracey, Quested, Digby, Roussos, Panos, Sanders, Alan R., Schall, Ulrich, Schwab, Sibylle G., Sim, Kang, So, Hon-Cheong, Stögmann, Elisabeth, Subramaniam, Mythily, Toncheva, Draga, Waddington, John, Walters, James, Weiser, Mark, Cheng, Wei, Cloninger, Robert, Curtis, David, Gejman, Pablo V., Henskens, Frans, Mattingsdal, Morten, Oh, Sang-Yun, Scott, Rodney, Webb, Bradley, Breen, Gerome, Churchhouse, Claire, Bulik, Cynthia M., Daly, Mark, Dichgans, Martin, Faraone, Stephen V., Guerreiro, Rita, Holmans, Peter, Kendler, Kenneth S., Koeleman, Bobby, Mathews, Carol A., Price, Alkes, Scharf, Jeremiah, Sklar, Pamela, Williams, Julie, Wood, Nicholas W., Cotsapas, Chris, Palotie, Aarno, Smoller, Jordan W., Sullivan, Patrick, Rosand, Jonathan, Corvin, Aiden, and Neale, Benjamin M.
Abstract: Disorders of the brain can exhibit considerable epidemiological comorbidity and often share symptoms, provoking debate about their etiologic overlap. We quantified the genetic sharing of 25 brain disorders from genome-wide association studies of 265,218 patients and 784,643 control participants and assessed their relationship to 17 phenotypes from 1,191,588 individuals. Psychiatric disorders share common variant risk, whereas neurological disorders appear more distinct from one another and from the psychiatric disorders. We also identified significant sharing between disorders and a number of brain phenotypes, including cognitive measures. Further, we conducted simulations to explore how statistical power, diagnostic misclassification, and phenotypic heterogeneity affect genetic correlations. These results highlight the importance of common genetic variation as a risk factor for brain disorders and the value of heritability-based methods in understanding their etiology.
Published: 2018

24. GLRB allelic variation associated with agoraphobic cognitions, increased startle response and fear network activation: a potential neurogenetic pathway to panic disorder

Author: Deckert, J., Weber, H., Villmann, C., Lonsdorf, T.B., Richter, J., Andreatta, M., Arias-Vasquez, A., Hommers, L., Kent, L., Schartner, C., Cichon, S., Wolf, C., Schaefer, N., Collenberg, C.R. von, Wachter, B. de, Blum, R., Schumann, D., Scharfenort, R., Schumacher, J., Forstner, A.J., Baumann, C., Schiele, M.A., Notzon, S., Zwanzger, P., Janzing, J.G., Galesloot, T.E., Kiemeney, L.A.L.M., Gajewska, A., Glotzbach-Schoon, E., Muhlberger, A., Alpers, G., Fydrich, T., Fehm, L., Gerlach, A.L., Kircher, T., Lang, T., Strohle, A., Arolt, V., Wittchen, H.U., Kalisch, R., Buchel, C., Hamm, A., Nothen, M.M., Romanos, M., Domschke, K., Pauli, P., Reif, A., Deckert, J., Weber, H., Villmann, C., Lonsdorf, T.B., Richter, J., Andreatta, M., Arias-Vasquez, A., Hommers, L., Kent, L., Schartner, C., Cichon, S., Wolf, C., Schaefer, N., Collenberg, C.R. von, Wachter, B. de, Blum, R., Schumann, D., Scharfenort, R., Schumacher, J., Forstner, A.J., Baumann, C., Schiele, M.A., Notzon, S., Zwanzger, P., Janzing, J.G., Galesloot, T.E., Kiemeney, L.A.L.M., Gajewska, A., Glotzbach-Schoon, E., Muhlberger, A., Alpers, G., Fydrich, T., Fehm, L., Gerlach, A.L., Kircher, T., Lang, T., Strohle, A., Arolt, V., Wittchen, H.U., Kalisch, R., Buchel, C., Hamm, A., Nothen, M.M., Romanos, M., Domschke, K., Pauli, P., and Reif, A.
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 177350.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access), The molecular genetics of panic disorder (PD) with and without agoraphobia (AG) are still largely unknown and progress is hampered by small sample sizes. We therefore performed a genome-wide association study with a dimensional, PD/AG-related anxiety phenotype based on the Agoraphobia Cognition Questionnaire (ACQ) in a sample of 1370 healthy German volunteers of the CRC TRR58 MEGA study wave 1. A genome-wide significant association was found between ACQ and single non-coding nucleotide variants of the GLRB gene (rs78726293, P=3.3 x 10-8; rs191260602, P=3.9 x 10-8). We followed up on this finding in a larger dimensional ACQ sample (N=2547) and in independent samples with a dichotomous AG phenotype based on the Symptoms Checklist (SCL-90; N=3845) and a case-control sample with the categorical phenotype PD/AG (Ncombined =1012) obtaining highly significant P-values also for GLRB single-nucleotide variants rs17035816 (P=3.8 x 10-4) and rs7688285 (P=7.6 x 10-5). GLRB gene expression was found to be modulated by rs7688285 in brain tissue, as well as cell culture. Analyses of intermediate PD/AG phenotypes demonstrated increased startle reflex and increased fear network, as well as general sensory activation by GLRB risk gene variants rs78726293, rs191260602, rs17035816 and rs7688285. Partial Glrb knockout mice demonstrated an agoraphobic phenotype. In conjunction with the clinical observation that rare coding GLRB gene mutations are associated with the neurological disorder hyperekplexia characterized by a generalized startle reaction and agoraphobic behavior, our data provide evidence that non-coding, although functional GLRB gene polymorphisms may predispose to PD by increasing startle response and agoraphobic cognitions.
Published: 2017

25. SLC2A3 single-nucleotide polymorphism and duplication influence cognitive processing and population-specific risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Author: Merker, S., Reif, A., Ziegler, G.C., Weber, H., Mayer, U., Ehlis, A.C., Conzelmann, A., Johansson, S., Muller-Reible, C., Nanda, I., Haaf, T., Ullmann, R., Romanos, M., Fallgatter, A.J., Pauli, P., Strekalova, T., Jansch, C., Arias Vasquez, A., Haavik, J., Ribases, M., Ramos-Quiroga, J.A., Buitelaar, J.K., Franke, B., Lesch, K.P., Merker, S., Reif, A., Ziegler, G.C., Weber, H., Mayer, U., Ehlis, A.C., Conzelmann, A., Johansson, S., Muller-Reible, C., Nanda, I., Haaf, T., Ullmann, R., Romanos, M., Fallgatter, A.J., Pauli, P., Strekalova, T., Jansch, C., Arias Vasquez, A., Haavik, J., Ribases, M., Ramos-Quiroga, J.A., Buitelaar, J.K., Franke, B., and Lesch, K.P.
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 174505pub.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access), BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common, highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder with profound cognitive, behavioral, and psychosocial impairments with persistence across the life cycle. Our initial genome-wide screening approach for copy number variants (CNVs) in ADHD implicated a duplication of SLC2A3, encoding glucose transporter-3 (GLUT3). GLUT3 plays a critical role in cerebral glucose metabolism, providing energy for the activity of neurons, which, in turn, moderates the excitatory-inhibitory balance impacting both brain development and activity-dependent neural plasticity. We therefore aimed to provide additional genetic and functional evidence for GLUT3 dysfunction in ADHD. METHODS: Case-control association analyses of SLC2A3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and CNVs were conducted in several European cohorts of patients with childhood and adult ADHD (SNP, n = 1,886 vs. 1,988; CNV, n = 1,692 vs. 1,721). These studies were complemented by SLC2A3 expression analyses in peripheral cells, functional EEG recordings during neurocognitive tasks, and ratings of food energy content. RESULTS: Meta-analysis of all cohorts detected an association of SNP rs12842 with ADHD. While CNV analysis detected a population-specific enrichment of SLC2A3 duplications only in German ADHD patients, the CNV + rs12842 haplotype influenced ADHD risk in both the German and Spanish cohorts. Duplication carriers displayed elevated SLC2A3 mRNA expression in peripheral blood cells and altered event-related potentials reflecting deficits in working memory and cognitive response control, both endophenotypic traits of ADHD, and an underestimation of energy units of high-caloric food. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our results indicate that both common and rare SLC2A3 variation impacting regulation of neuronal glucose utilization and energy homeostasis may result in neurocognitive deficits known to contribute to ADHD risk.
Published: 2017

26. No genetic association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Parkinson's disease in nine ADHD candidate SNPs

Author: Geissler, J.M., Romanos, M., Gerlach, M., Berg, D., Schulte, C., Scheffer, H., et al., Geissler, J.M., Romanos, M., Gerlach, M., Berg, D., Schulte, C., Scheffer, H., and et al.
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext, Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) involve pathological changes in brain structures such as the basal ganglia, which are essential for the control of motor and cognitive behavior and impulsivity. The cause of ADHD and PD remains unknown, but there is increasing evidence that both seem to result from a complicated interplay of genetic and environmental factors affecting numerous cellular processes and brain regions. To explore the possibility of common genetic pathways within the respective pathophysiologies, nine ADHD candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in seven genes were tested for association with PD in 5333 cases and 12,019 healthy controls: one variant, respectively, in the genes coding for synaptosomal-associated protein 25 k (SNAP25), the dopamine (DA) transporter (SLC6A3; DAT1), DA receptor D4 (DRD4), serotonin receptor 1B (HTR1B), tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2), the norepinephrine transporter SLC6A2 and three SNPs in cadherin 13 (CDH13). Information was extracted from a recent meta-analysis of five genome-wide association studies, in which 7,689,524 SNPs in European samples were successfully imputed. No significant association was observed after correction for multiple testing. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that candidate variants implicated in the pathogenesis of ADHD do not play a substantial role in PD.
Published: 2017

27. PsychCare: Wirksamkeit sektorenübergreifender Versorgungsmodelle in der Psychiatrie - eine prospektive, kontrollierte multizentrische Beobachtungsstudie

Author: Neumann, A, Soltmann, B, von Peter, S, Ignatyev, Y, March, S, Weinhold, I, Häckl, D, Swart, E, Romanos, M, Heinze, M, Schmitt, J, Pfennig, A, Neumann, A, Soltmann, B, von Peter, S, Ignatyev, Y, March, S, Weinhold, I, Häckl, D, Swart, E, Romanos, M, Heinze, M, Schmitt, J, and Pfennig, A
Published: 2017

28. Improving the care of children and adolescents with medicines by enhancing medication safety - The KiDSafe Project

Author: Neubert, A, Schwab, M, Riedel, C, Urschitz, M, Zepp, F, Romanos, M, Bertsche, T, Kiess, W, Wenzl, T, Haug, U, Verheyen, F, Rascher, W, Neubert, A, Schwab, M, Riedel, C, Urschitz, M, Zepp, F, Romanos, M, Bertsche, T, Kiess, W, Wenzl, T, Haug, U, Verheyen, F, and Rascher, W
Published: 2017

29. GLRB allelic variation associated with agoraphobic cognitions, increased startle response and fear network activation: a potential neurogenetic pathway to panic disorder

Author: Deckert, J, Weber, H, Villmann, C, Lonsdorf, T B, Richter, J, Andreatta, M, Arias-Vasquez, A, Hommers, L, Kent, L, Schartner, C, Cichon, S, Wolf, C, Schaefer, N, von Collenberg, C R, Wachter, B, Blum, R, Schümann, D, Scharfenort, R, Schumacher, J, Forstner, A J, Baumann, C, Schiele, M A, Notzon, S, Zwanzger, P, Janzing, J G E, Galesloot, T, Kiemeney, L A, Gajewska, A, Glotzbach-Schoon, E, Mühlberger, A, Alpers, G, Fydrich, T, Fehm, L, Gerlach, Alexander L., Kircher, T, Lang, T, Ströhle, A, Arolt, V, Wittchen, H-U, Kalisch, R, Büchel, C, Hamm, A, Nöthen, M M, Romanos, M, Domschke, K, Pauli, P, Reif, A, Deckert, J, Weber, H, Villmann, C, Lonsdorf, T B, Richter, J, Andreatta, M, Arias-Vasquez, A, Hommers, L, Kent, L, Schartner, C, Cichon, S, Wolf, C, Schaefer, N, von Collenberg, C R, Wachter, B, Blum, R, Schümann, D, Scharfenort, R, Schumacher, J, Forstner, A J, Baumann, C, Schiele, M A, Notzon, S, Zwanzger, P, Janzing, J G E, Galesloot, T, Kiemeney, L A, Gajewska, A, Glotzbach-Schoon, E, Mühlberger, A, Alpers, G, Fydrich, T, Fehm, L, Gerlach, Alexander L., Kircher, T, Lang, T, Ströhle, A, Arolt, V, Wittchen, H-U, Kalisch, R, Büchel, C, Hamm, A, Nöthen, M M, Romanos, M, Domschke, K, Pauli, P, and Reif, A
Published: 2017

30. Trust, but verify. The errors and misinterpretations in the Cochrane analysis by O. J. Storebo and colleagues on the efficacy and safety of methylphenidate for the treatment of children and adolescents with ADHD

Author: Banaschewski, T., Gerlach, M., Becker, K., Holtmann, M., Doepfner, M., Romanos, M., Banaschewski, T., Gerlach, M., Becker, K., Holtmann, M., Doepfner, M., and Romanos, M.
Abstract: Objective: A recent Cochrane review published by O. J. Storebo and colleagues (2015) raised substantial doubts about the benefit from stimulant medication with methylphenidate in the treatment of childhood ADHD due to the overall poor quality of studies. The systematic review thus contradicts all previous reviews and meta-analyses. Method: We here detail various examples of errors, inconsistencies, and misinterpretations in the review which led to false results and inadequate conclusions. Results: We demonstrate that the study selection is flawed and undertaken without sufficient scientific justification resulting in an underestimation of effect sizes, which, furthermore, are inadmissibly clinically interpreted. The methodology of the assessment of bias and quality is not objective and cannot be substantiated by the data. Conclusions: Cochrane reviews lay claim to a high scientific quality and substantial relevance for evidence-based clinical decisions. The systematic review by Storebo and colleagues (2015) illustrates that, despite adhering to strict standards and high-quality protocols, even Cochrane works should be critically read and verified, sometimes with surprising results.
Published: 2016

31. Check and Double Check - the Cochrane review by Storebo et al. (2015) is indeed flawed

Author: Romanos, M., Coghill, D., Gerlach, M., Becker, K., Holtmann, M., Doepfner, M., Banaschewski, T., Romanos, M., Coghill, D., Gerlach, M., Becker, K., Holtmann, M., Doepfner, M., and Banaschewski, T.
Published: 2016

32. Genome-wide analysis of rare copy number variations reveals PARK2 as a candidate gene for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Author: Jarick, I., Volckmar, A-L, Puetter, C., Pechlivanis, S., Nguyen, T. T., Dauvermann, M. R., Beck, S., Albayrak, Oe, Scherag, S., Gilsbach, S., Cichon, S., Hoffmann, P., Degenhardt, F., Noethen, M. M., Schreiber, S., Wichmann, H-E, Joeckel, K-H, Heinrich, J., Tiesler, C. M. T., Faraone, S. V., Walitza, S., Sinzig, J., Freitag, C., Meyer, J., Herpertz-Dahlmann, B., Lehmkuhl, G., Renner, T. J., Warnke, A., Romanos, M., Lesch, K-P, Reif, A., Schimmelmann, B. G., Hebebrand, J., Scherag, A., Hinney, A., Jarick, I., Volckmar, A-L, Puetter, C., Pechlivanis, S., Nguyen, T. T., Dauvermann, M. R., Beck, S., Albayrak, Oe, Scherag, S., Gilsbach, S., Cichon, S., Hoffmann, P., Degenhardt, F., Noethen, M. M., Schreiber, S., Wichmann, H-E, Joeckel, K-H, Heinrich, J., Tiesler, C. M. T., Faraone, S. V., Walitza, S., Sinzig, J., Freitag, C., Meyer, J., Herpertz-Dahlmann, B., Lehmkuhl, G., Renner, T. J., Warnke, A., Romanos, M., Lesch, K-P, Reif, A., Schimmelmann, B. G., Hebebrand, J., Scherag, A., and Hinney, A.
Abstract: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common, highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder. Genetic loci have not yet been identified by genome-wide association studies. Rare copy number variations (CNVs), such as chromosomal deletions or duplications, have been implicated in ADHD and other neurodevelopmental disorders. To identify rare (frequency <= 1%) CNVs that increase the risk of ADHD, we performed a whole-genome CNV analysis based on 489 young ADHD patients and 1285 adult population-based controls and identified one significantly associated CNV region. In tests for a global burden of large (> 500kb) rare CNVs, we observed a nonsignificant (P = 0.271) 1.126-fold enriched rate of subjects carrying at least one such CNV in the group of ADHD cases. Locus-specific tests of association were used to assess if there were more rare CNVs in cases compared with controls. Detected CNVs, which were significantly enriched in the ADHD group, were validated by quantitative (q)PCR. Findings were replicated in an independent sample of 386 young patients with ADHD and 781 young population-based healthy controls. We identified rare CNVs within the parkinson protein 2 gene (PARK2) with a significantly higher prevalence in ADHD patients than in controls (P = 2.8 x 10(-4) after empirical correction for genome-wide testing). In total, the PARK2 locus (chr 6: 162 659 756-162 767 019) harboured three deletions and nine duplications in the ADHD patients and two deletions and two duplications in the controls. By qPCR analysis, we validated 11 of the 12 CNVs in ADHD patients (P = 1.2 x 10(-3) after empirical correction for genome-wide testing). In the replication sample, CNVs at the PARK2 locus were found in four additional ADHD patients and one additional control (P = 4.3 x 10(-2)). Our results suggest that copy number variants at the PARK2 locus contribute to the genetic susceptibility of ADHD. Mutations and CNVs in PARK2 are known to be associated with Parkinson disease.
Published: 2014

33. Der Vergleich von tagesklinischer und stationärer Behandlung bei adoleszenter Anorexia nervosa (AN): Ergebnisse des 2.5-Jahres Follow-up.

Author: Herpertz-Dahlmann, B, Krei, M, Schwarte, R, Bühren, K, Egberts, KM, Romanos, M, Wewetzer, C, Pfeiffer, E, Fleischhaker, C, Konrad, K, Timmesfeld, N, Dempfle, A, Herpertz-Dahlmann, B, Krei, M, Schwarte, R, Bühren, K, Egberts, KM, Romanos, M, Wewetzer, C, Pfeiffer, E, Fleischhaker, C, Konrad, K, Timmesfeld, N, and Dempfle, A
Published: 2014

34. High loading of polygenic risk for ADHD in children with comorbid aggression

Author: Hamshere, M.L., Langley, K., Martin, J., Agha, S.S., Stergiakouli, E., Anney, R.J., Buitelaar, J.K., Faraone, S.V., Lesch, K.P., Neale, B.M., Franke, B., Sonuga-Barke, E., Asherson, P., Merwood, A., Kuntsi, J., Medland, S.E., Ripke, S., Steinhausen, H.C., Freitag, C., Reif, A., Renner, T.J., Romanos, M., Romanos, J., Warnke, A., Meyer, J., Palmason, H., Vasquez, A.A., Lambregts-Rommelse, N.N.J., Roeyers, H., Biederman, J., Doyle, A.E., Hakonarson, H., Rothenberger, A., Banaschewski, T., Oades, R.D., McGough, J.J., Kent, L., Williams, N., Owen, M.J., Holmans, P., O'Donovan, M.C., Thapar, A., Hamshere, M.L., Langley, K., Martin, J., Agha, S.S., Stergiakouli, E., Anney, R.J., Buitelaar, J.K., Faraone, S.V., Lesch, K.P., Neale, B.M., Franke, B., Sonuga-Barke, E., Asherson, P., Merwood, A., Kuntsi, J., Medland, S.E., Ripke, S., Steinhausen, H.C., Freitag, C., Reif, A., Renner, T.J., Romanos, M., Romanos, J., Warnke, A., Meyer, J., Palmason, H., Vasquez, A.A., Lambregts-Rommelse, N.N.J., Roeyers, H., Biederman, J., Doyle, A.E., Hakonarson, H., Rothenberger, A., Banaschewski, T., Oades, R.D., McGough, J.J., Kent, L., Williams, N., Owen, M.J., Holmans, P., O'Donovan, M.C., and Thapar, A.
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 155657.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access), OBJECTIVE Although attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is highly heritable, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have not yet identified any common genetic variants that contribute to risk. There is evidence that aggression or conduct disorder in children with ADHD indexes higher genetic loading and clinical severity. The authors examine whether common genetic variants considered en masse as polygenic scores for ADHD are especially enriched in children with comorbid conduct disorder. METHOD Polygenic scores derived from an ADHD GWAS meta-analysis were calculated in an independent ADHD sample (452 case subjects, 5,081 comparison subjects). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to compare polygenic scores in the ADHD and comparison groups and test for higher scores in ADHD case subjects with comorbid conduct disorder relative to comparison subjects and relative to those without comorbid conduct disorder. Association with symptom scores was tested using linear regression. RESULTS Polygenic risk for ADHD, derived from the meta-analysis, was higher in the independent ADHD group than in the comparison group. Polygenic score was significantly higher in ADHD case subjects with conduct disorder relative to ADHD case subjects without conduct disorder. ADHD polygenic score showed significant association with comorbid conduct disorder symptoms. This relationship was explained by the aggression items. CONCLUSIONS Common genetic variation is relevant to ADHD, especially in individuals with comorbid aggression. The findings suggest that the previously published ADHD GWAS meta-analysis contains weak but true associations with common variants, support for which falls below genome-wide significance levels. The findings also highlight the fact that aggression in ADHD indexes genetic as well as clinical severity.
Published: 2013

35. Healthcare use and costs associated with children’s behavior problems

Author: Kohlboeck, G., Romanos, M., Teuner, C.M., Holle, R., Tiesler, C.M.T., Hoffmann, B., Schaaf, B., Lehmann, Irina, Herbarth, O., Koletzko, S., Bauer, C.-P., von Berg, A., Berdel, D., Heinrich, J., Kohlboeck, G., Romanos, M., Teuner, C.M., Holle, R., Tiesler, C.M.T., Hoffmann, B., Schaaf, B., Lehmann, Irina, Herbarth, O., Koletzko, S., Bauer, C.-P., von Berg, A., Berdel, D., and Heinrich, J.
Abstract: The objective of the study was to investigate associations between severity of behavior problems, specific symptom domains with healthcare use and costs in school-aged children. A cross-sectional study using data from the 10-year follow-up of two population-based birth cohorts was conducted on four rural and urban communities in Germany. There were 3,579 participants [1,834 boys (51%), 1,745 girls (49%)] on average aged 10.4 years. The severity levels (normal, at risk, abnormal) and symptom domains of behavioral problems were assessed by parent-reported strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ).The outcomes were medical use categories (physicians, therapists, hospital, and rehabilitation), medical costs categories and total direct medical use and costs (calculated from parent-reported utilization of healthcare services during the last 12 months). Total direct medical costs showed a graded relationship with severity level (adjusted p < 0.0001). Average annual cost difference in total direct medical costs between at risk and normal total difficulties was Euro (€) 271 (SD 858), and € 1,237 (SD 2,528) between abnormal and normal total difficulties. A significant increase in physician costs showed between children with normal and at risk total difficulties (1.30), and between normal and abnormal total difficulties (1.29; p < 0.0001). Between specific symptom domains, children with emotional symptoms showed highest costs for physicians, psychotherapist, and hospitalization as well as total direct medical costs. Children with hyperactivity/inattention showed highest costs for therapists and emergency room costs. Healthcare use and costs are related to the severity of child behavior problems. In general, children’s costs for psychotherapy treatments have been low relative to general medical treatments which may indicate that some children with behavioral problems did not get appropriate care. To some d
Published: 2013

36. No cross-sectional and longitudinal association of ferritin and symptoms of attention-deficit-/hyperactivity disorder in a large population-based sample of children: results from the GINIplus and LISAplus studies

Author: Romanos, M., Tiesler, C.M.T., Koletzko, S., Berdel, D., von Berg, A., Hoffmann, B., Schaaf, B., Herbarth, O., Lehmann, Irina, Bauer, C.-P., Stach, B., Gerlach, M., Schulte-Körne, G., Heinrich, J., Romanos, M., Tiesler, C.M.T., Koletzko, S., Berdel, D., von Berg, A., Hoffmann, B., Schaaf, B., Herbarth, O., Lehmann, Irina, Bauer, C.-P., Stach, B., Gerlach, M., Schulte-Körne, G., and Heinrich, J.
Abstract: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with alterations in iron metabolism, and low ferritin concentrations in peripheral blood have inconsistently been reported in clinically referred samples of children with ADHD. This study examined whether higher peripheral concentrations of ferritin, the major iron storage protein, are associated with decreased symptoms of ADHD in 2,805 children aged 10 years participating in two large population-based birth cohorts (GINIplus and LISAplus). Whether high ferritin concentrations at age 4 months predict lower ADHD symptoms at age 10 years was also investigated using a longitudinal approach in a subsample of 193 children. No indications for an association between peripheral ferritin concentrations and ADHD symptoms were found in this large population-based study. Re-evaluating iron substitution as a therapeutic measure for ADHD may be warranted.
Published: 2013

37. A cooperative interaction between LPHN3 and 11q doubles the risk for ADHD.

Author: Jain, M, Jain, M, Vélez, JI, Acosta, MT, Palacio, LG, Balog, J, Roessler, E, Pineda, D, Londoño, AC, Palacio, JD, Arbelaez, A, Lopera, F, Elia, J, Hakonarson, H, Seitz, C, Freitag, CM, Palmason, H, Meyer, J, Romanos, M, Walitza, S, Hemminger, U, Warnke, A, Romanos, J, Renner, T, Jacob, C, Lesch, K-P, Swanson, J, Castellanos, FX, Bailey-Wilson, JE, Arcos-Burgos, M, Muenke, M, Jain, M, Jain, M, Vélez, JI, Acosta, MT, Palacio, LG, Balog, J, Roessler, E, Pineda, D, Londoño, AC, Palacio, JD, Arbelaez, A, Lopera, F, Elia, J, Hakonarson, H, Seitz, C, Freitag, CM, Palmason, H, Meyer, J, Romanos, M, Walitza, S, Hemminger, U, Warnke, A, Romanos, J, Renner, T, Jacob, C, Lesch, K-P, Swanson, J, Castellanos, FX, Bailey-Wilson, JE, Arcos-Burgos, M, and Muenke, M
Abstract: In previous studies of a genetic isolate, we identified significant linkage of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to 4q, 5q, 8q, 11q and 17p. The existence of unique large size families linked to multiple regions, and the fact that these families came from an isolated population, we hypothesized that two-locus interaction contributions to ADHD were plausible. Several analytical models converged to show significant interaction between 4q and 11q (P<1 × 10(-8)) and 11q and 17p (P<1 × 10(-6)). As we have identified that common variants of the LPHN3 gene were responsible for the 4q linkage signal, we focused on 4q-11q interaction to determine that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) harbored in the LPHN3 gene interact with SNPs spanning the 11q region that contains DRD2 and NCAM1 genes, to double the risk of developing ADHD. This interaction not only explains genetic effects much better than taking each of these loci effects by separated but also differences in brain metabolism as depicted by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy data and pharmacogenetic response to stimulant medication. These findings not only add information about how high order genetic interactions might be implicated in conferring susceptibility to develop ADHD but also show that future studies of the effects of genetic interactions on ADHD clinical information will help to shape predictive models of individual outcome.
Published: 2012

38. Genome-wide analysis of copy number variants in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: the role of rare variants and duplications at 15q13.3.

Author: Williams, N.M., Franke, B., Mick, E., Anney, R.J., Freitag, C.M., Gill, M., Thapar, A., O'Donovan, M.C., Owen, M.J., Holmans, P., Kent, L., Middleton, F., Zhang-James, Y., Liu, L., Meyer, J., Nguyen, T.T.M., Romanos, J., Romanos, M., Seitz, C., Renner, T.J., Walitza, S., Warnke, A., Palmason, H., Buitelaar, J.K., Rommelse, N.N.J., Arias Vasquez, A., Hawi, Z., Langley, K., Sergeant, J.A., Steinhausen, H.C., Roeyers, H., Biederman, J., Zaharieva, I., Hakonarson, H., Elia, J., Lionel, A.C., Crosbie, J., Marshall, C.R., Schachar, R., Scherer, S.W., Todorov, A.A., Smalley, S.L., Loo, S., Nelson, S., Shtir, C., Asherson, P., Reif, A., Lesch, K.P., Faraone, S.V., Williams, N.M., Franke, B., Mick, E., Anney, R.J., Freitag, C.M., Gill, M., Thapar, A., O'Donovan, M.C., Owen, M.J., Holmans, P., Kent, L., Middleton, F., Zhang-James, Y., Liu, L., Meyer, J., Nguyen, T.T.M., Romanos, J., Romanos, M., Seitz, C., Renner, T.J., Walitza, S., Warnke, A., Palmason, H., Buitelaar, J.K., Rommelse, N.N.J., Arias Vasquez, A., Hawi, Z., Langley, K., Sergeant, J.A., Steinhausen, H.C., Roeyers, H., Biederman, J., Zaharieva, I., Hakonarson, H., Elia, J., Lionel, A.C., Crosbie, J., Marshall, C.R., Schachar, R., Scherer, S.W., Todorov, A.A., Smalley, S.L., Loo, S., Nelson, S., Shtir, C., Asherson, P., Reif, A., Lesch, K.P., and Faraone, S.V.
Abstract: 1 februari 2012, Item does not contain fulltext, OBJECTIVE: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common, highly heritable psychiatric disorder. Because of its multifactorial etiology, however, identifying the genes involved has been difficult. The authors followed up on recent findings suggesting that rare copy number variants (CNVs) may be important for ADHD etiology. METHOD: The authors performed a genome-wide analysis of large, rare CNVs (<1% population frequency) in children with ADHD (N=896) and comparison subjects (N=2,455) from the IMAGE II Consortium. RESULTS: The authors observed 1,562 individually rare CNVs >100 kb in size, which segregated into 912 independent loci. Overall, the rate of rare CNVs >100 kb was 1.15 times higher in ADHD case subjects relative to comparison subjects, with duplications spanning known genes showing a 1.2-fold enrichment. In accordance with a previous study, rare CNVs >500 kb showed the greatest enrichment (1.28-fold). CNVs identified in ADHD case subjects were significantly enriched for loci implicated in autism and in schizophrenia. Duplications spanning the CHRNA7 gene at chromosome 15q13.3 were associated with ADHD in single-locus analysis. This finding was consistently replicated in an additional 2,242 ADHD case subjects and 8,552 comparison subjects from four independent cohorts from the United Kingdom, the United States, and Canada. Presence of the duplication at 15q13.3 appeared to be associated with comorbid conduct disorder. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the enrichment of large, rare CNVs in ADHD and implicate duplications at 15q13.3 as a novel risk factor for ADHD. With a frequency of 0.6% in the populations investigated and a relatively large effect size (odds ratio=2.22, 95% confidence interval=1.5-3.6), this locus could be an important contributor to ADHD etiology.
Published: 2012

39. DIRAS2 is associated with adult ADHD, related traits, and co-morbid disorders

Author: Reif, A., Nguyen, T.T., Weissflog, L., Jacob, C.P., Romanos, M., Renner, T.J., Buttenschon, H.N., Kittel-Schneider, S., Gessner, A., Weber, H., Neuner, M., Gross-Lesch, S., Zamzow, K., Kreiker, S., Walitza, S., Meyer, J., Freitag, C.M., Bosch, R., Casas, M., Gomez, N., Ribases, M., Bayes, M., Buitelaar, J.K., Kiemeney, L.A.L.M., Kooij, J.J., Kan, C.C., Hoogman, M., Johansson, S., Jacobsen, K.K., Knappskog, P.M., Fasmer, O.B., Asherson, P., Warnke, A., Grabe, H.J., Mahler, J., Teumer, A., Volzke, H., Mors, O.N., Schafer, H., Ramos-Quiroga, J.A., Cormand, B., Haavik, J., Franke, B., Lesch, K.P., Reif, A., Nguyen, T.T., Weissflog, L., Jacob, C.P., Romanos, M., Renner, T.J., Buttenschon, H.N., Kittel-Schneider, S., Gessner, A., Weber, H., Neuner, M., Gross-Lesch, S., Zamzow, K., Kreiker, S., Walitza, S., Meyer, J., Freitag, C.M., Bosch, R., Casas, M., Gomez, N., Ribases, M., Bayes, M., Buitelaar, J.K., Kiemeney, L.A.L.M., Kooij, J.J., Kan, C.C., Hoogman, M., Johansson, S., Jacobsen, K.K., Knappskog, P.M., Fasmer, O.B., Asherson, P., Warnke, A., Grabe, H.J., Mahler, J., Teumer, A., Volzke, H., Mors, O.N., Schafer, H., Ramos-Quiroga, J.A., Cormand, B., Haavik, J., Franke, B., and Lesch, K.P.
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 95784.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access), Several linkage analyses implicated the chromosome 9q22 region in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a neurodevelopmental disease with remarkable persistence into adulthood. This locus contains the brain-expressed GTP-binding RAS-like 2 gene (DIRAS2) thought to regulate neurogenesis. As DIRAS2 is a positional and functional ADHD candidate gene, we conducted an association study in 600 patients suffering from adult ADHD (aADHD) and 420 controls. Replication samples consisted of 1035 aADHD patients and 1381 controls, as well as 166 families with a child affected from childhood ADHD. Given the high degree of co-morbidity with ADHD, we also investigated patients suffering from bipolar disorder (BD) (n=336) or personality disorders (PDs) (n=622). Twelve single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering the structural gene and the transcriptional control region of DIRAS2 were analyzed. Four SNPs and two haplotype blocks showed evidence of association with ADHD, with nominal p-values ranging from p=0.006 to p=0.05. In the adult replication samples, we obtained a consistent effect of rs1412005 and of a risk haplotype containing the promoter region (p=0.026). Meta-analysis resulted in a significant common OR of 1.12 (p=0.04) for rs1412005 and confirmed association with the promoter risk haplotype (OR=1.45, p=0.0003). Subsequent analysis in nuclear families with childhood ADHD again showed an association of the promoter haplotype block (p=0.02). rs1412005 also increased risk toward BD (p=0.026) and cluster B PD (p=0.031). Additional SNPs showed association with personality scores (p=0.008-0.048). Converging lines of evidence implicate genetic variance in the promoter region of DIRAS2 in the etiology of ADHD and co-morbid impulsive disorders.
Published: 2011

40. Genome-wide copy number variation study associates metabotropic glutamate receptor gene networks with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Author: Elia, J., Glessner, J.T., Wang, K., Takahashi, N., Shtir, C.J., Hadley, D., Sleiman, P.M., Zhang, H., Kim, C.E., Robison, R., Lyon, G.J., Flory, J.H., Bradfield, J.P., Imielinski, M., Hou, C., Frackelton, E.C., Chiavacci, R.M., Sakurai, T., Rabin, C., Middleton, F.A., Thomas, K.A., Garris, M., Mentch, F., Freitag, C.M., Steinhausen, H.C., Todorov, A.A., Reif, A., Rothenberger, A., Franke, B., Mick, E.O., Roeyers, H., Buitelaar, J.K., Lesch, K.P., Banaschewski, T., Ebstein, R.P., Mulas, F., Oades, R.D., Sergeant, J.A., Sonuga-Barke, E.J.S., Renner, T.J., Romanos, M., Romanos, J., Warnke, A., Walitza, S., Meyer, J., Palmason, H., Seitz, C., Loo, S.K., Smalley, S.L., Biederman, J., Kent, L., Asherson, P., Anney, R.J., Gaynor, J.W., Shaw, P., Devoto, M., White, P.S., Grant, S.F., Buxbaum, J.D., Rapoport, J.L., Williams, N.M., Nelson, S.F., Faraone, S.V., Hakonarson, H., Elia, J., Glessner, J.T., Wang, K., Takahashi, N., Shtir, C.J., Hadley, D., Sleiman, P.M., Zhang, H., Kim, C.E., Robison, R., Lyon, G.J., Flory, J.H., Bradfield, J.P., Imielinski, M., Hou, C., Frackelton, E.C., Chiavacci, R.M., Sakurai, T., Rabin, C., Middleton, F.A., Thomas, K.A., Garris, M., Mentch, F., Freitag, C.M., Steinhausen, H.C., Todorov, A.A., Reif, A., Rothenberger, A., Franke, B., Mick, E.O., Roeyers, H., Buitelaar, J.K., Lesch, K.P., Banaschewski, T., Ebstein, R.P., Mulas, F., Oades, R.D., Sergeant, J.A., Sonuga-Barke, E.J.S., Renner, T.J., Romanos, M., Romanos, J., Warnke, A., Walitza, S., Meyer, J., Palmason, H., Seitz, C., Loo, S.K., Smalley, S.L., Biederman, J., Kent, L., Asherson, P., Anney, R.J., Gaynor, J.W., Shaw, P., Devoto, M., White, P.S., Grant, S.F., Buxbaum, J.D., Rapoport, J.L., Williams, N.M., Nelson, S.F., Faraone, S.V., and Hakonarson, H.
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common, heritable neuropsychiatric disorder of unknown etiology. We performed a whole-genome copy number variation (CNV) study on 1,013 cases with ADHD and 4,105 healthy children of European ancestry using 550,000 SNPs. We evaluated statistically significant findings in multiple independent cohorts, with a total of 2,493 cases with ADHD and 9,222 controls of European ancestry, using matched platforms. CNVs affecting metabotropic glutamate receptor genes were enriched across all cohorts (P = 2.1 x 10(-9)). We saw GRM5 (encoding glutamate receptor, metabotropic 5) deletions in ten cases and one control (P = 1.36 x 10(-6)). We saw GRM7 deletions in six cases, and we saw GRM8 deletions in eight cases and no controls. GRM1 was duplicated in eight cases. We experimentally validated the observed variants using quantitative RT-PCR. A gene network analysis showed that genes interacting with the genes in the GRM family are enriched for CNVs in approximately 10% of the cases (P = 4.38 x 10(-10)) after correction for occurrence in the controls. We identified rare recurrent CNVs affecting glutamatergic neurotransmission genes that were overrepresented in multiple ADHD cohorts.
Published: 2011

41. Genome-wide association study in German patients with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Author: Hinney, A., Scherag, A., Jarick, I., Albayrak, O., Putter, C. de, Pechlivanis, S., Dauvermann, M.R., Beck, S., Weber, H., Scherag, S., Nguyen, T.T., Volckmar, A.L., Knoll, N., Faraone, S.V., Neale, B.M., Franke, B., Cichon, S., Hoffmann, P., Nothen, Markus, Schreiber, S., Jockel, K.H., Wichmann, H.E., Freitag, C., Lempp, T., Meyer, J., Gilsbach, S., Herpertz-Dahlmann, B., Sinzig, J., Lehmkuhl, G., Renner, T.J., Warnke, A., Romanos, M., Lesch, K.P., Reif, A., Schimmelmann, B.G., Hebebrand, J., Hinney, A., Scherag, A., Jarick, I., Albayrak, O., Putter, C. de, Pechlivanis, S., Dauvermann, M.R., Beck, S., Weber, H., Scherag, S., Nguyen, T.T., Volckmar, A.L., Knoll, N., Faraone, S.V., Neale, B.M., Franke, B., Cichon, S., Hoffmann, P., Nothen, Markus, Schreiber, S., Jockel, K.H., Wichmann, H.E., Freitag, C., Lempp, T., Meyer, J., Gilsbach, S., Herpertz-Dahlmann, B., Sinzig, J., Lehmkuhl, G., Renner, T.J., Warnke, A., Romanos, M., Lesch, K.P., Reif, A., Schimmelmann, B.G., and Hebebrand, J.
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext, The heritability of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is approximately 0.8. Despite several larger scale attempts, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have not led to the identification of significant results. We performed a GWAS based on 495 German young patients with ADHD (according to DSM-IV criteria; Human660W-Quadv1; Illumina, San Diego, CA) and on 1,300 population-based adult controls (HumanHap550v3; Illumina). Some genes neighboring the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the lowest P-values (best P-value: 8.38 x 10(-7) ) have potential relevance for ADHD (e.g., glutamate receptor, metabotropic 5 gene, GRM5). After quality control, the 30 independent SNPs with the lowest P-values (P-values
Published: 2011

42. Infant eczema, infant sleeping problems, and mental health at 10 years of age: the prospective birth-cohort study LISAplus

Author: Schmitt, Julia, Chen, C.M., Apfelbacher, C., Romanos, M., Lehmann, Irina, Herbarth, Olf, Schaaf, B., Kraemer, U., von Bergen, Martin, Wichmann, H.-E., Heinrich, J., Schmitt, Julia, Chen, C.M., Apfelbacher, C., Romanos, M., Lehmann, Irina, Herbarth, Olf, Schaaf, B., Kraemer, U., von Bergen, Martin, Wichmann, H.-E., and Heinrich, J.
Abstract: Background: Cross-sectional studies suggest an association between eczema and mental health problems, possibly modified by sleeping problems, but prospective evidence is missing. We aimed to prospectively investigate the relationship between infant eczema (within first 2 years of age), infant sleeping problems (within first 2 years of age), and the risk of mental health problems at 10 years of age.Methods: Between 1997 and 1999, a population-based birth cohort was recruited in Munich, Leipzig, Wesel, and Bad Honnef, Germany, and followed until 10 years of age. Physician-diagnosed eczema, parent-reported sleeping problems, and known environmental risk factors for atopy were regularly assessed until 10 years of age. Mental health was measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (parent version) at 10 years of age. We applied logistic regression modeling adjusting for environmental and lifestyle factors, allergic comorbidity, and family history of eczema.Results: From the original cohort of 3097 neonates, 1658 (54%) were followed until age 10, while 1578 (51%) were eligible for analysis. In the fully adjusted model, children with infant eczema were at increased risk of hyperactivity/inattention at 10 years of age [odds ratio (OR) 1.78; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.02-3.09]. Infant eczema with concurrent sleeping problems predicted emotional problems [OR 2.63; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.20-5.76] and conduct problems (OR 3.03; 95% CI 1.01-9.12) at 10 years of age.Conclusions: Infant eczema with concurrent sleeping problems appears to be a risk factor for the development of mental health problems.
Published: 2011

43. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Author: Neale, B.M., Medland, S.E., Ripke, S., Asherson, P., Franke, B., Lesch, K.P., Faraone, S.V., Nguyen, T.T., Schafer, H., Holmans, P., Daly, M., Steinhausen, H.C., Freitag, C., Reif, A., Renner, T.J., Romanos, M., Romanos, J., Walitza, S., Warnke, A., Meyer, J., Palmason, H., Buitelaar, J.K., Arias Vasquez, A., Lambregts-Rommelse, N.N.J., Gill, M., Anney, R.J., Langely, K., O'Donovan, M., Williams, N., Owen, M., Thapar, A., Kent, L., Sergeant, J.A., Roeyers, H., Mick, E., Biederman, J., Doyle, A., Smalley, S., Loo, S., Hakonarson, H., Elia, J., Todorov, A.A., Miranda, A., Mulas, F., Ebstein, R.P., Rothenberger, A., Banaschewski, T., Oades, R.D., Sonuga-Barke, E.J.S., McGough, J., Nisenbaum, L., Middleton, F., Hu, X., Nelson, S., Neale, B.M., Medland, S.E., Ripke, S., Asherson, P., Franke, B., Lesch, K.P., Faraone, S.V., Nguyen, T.T., Schafer, H., Holmans, P., Daly, M., Steinhausen, H.C., Freitag, C., Reif, A., Renner, T.J., Romanos, M., Romanos, J., Walitza, S., Warnke, A., Meyer, J., Palmason, H., Buitelaar, J.K., Arias Vasquez, A., Lambregts-Rommelse, N.N.J., Gill, M., Anney, R.J., Langely, K., O'Donovan, M., Williams, N., Owen, M., Thapar, A., Kent, L., Sergeant, J.A., Roeyers, H., Mick, E., Biederman, J., Doyle, A., Smalley, S., Loo, S., Hakonarson, H., Elia, J., Todorov, A.A., Miranda, A., Mulas, F., Ebstein, R.P., Rothenberger, A., Banaschewski, T., Oades, R.D., Sonuga-Barke, E.J.S., McGough, J., Nisenbaum, L., Middleton, F., Hu, X., and Nelson, S.
Abstract: 1 september 2010, Contains fulltext : 87688.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access), OBJECTIVE: Although twin and family studies have shown attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to be highly heritable, genetic variants influencing the trait at a genome-wide significant level have yet to be identified. As prior genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have not yielded significant results, we conducted a meta-analysis of existing studies to boost statistical power. METHOD: We used data from four projects: a) the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP); b) phase I of the International Multicenter ADHD Genetics project (IMAGE); c) phase II of IMAGE (IMAGE II); and d) the Pfizer-funded study from the University of California, Los Angeles, Washington University, and Massachusetts General Hospital (PUWMa). The final sample size consisted of 2,064 trios, 896 cases, and 2,455 controls. For each study, we imputed HapMap single nucleotide polymorphisms, computed association test statistics and transformed them to z-scores, and then combined weighted z-scores in a meta-analysis. RESULTS: No genome-wide significant associations were found, although an analysis of candidate genes suggests that they may be involved in the disorder. CONCLUSIONS: Given that ADHD is a highly heritable disorder, our negative results suggest that the effects of common ADHD risk variants must, individually, be very small or that other types of variants, e.g., rare ones, account for much of the disorder's heritability.
Published: 2010

44. Case-control genome-wide association study of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Author: Neale, B.M., Medland, S., Ripke, S., Anney, R.J., Asherson, P., Buitelaar, J.K., Franke, B., Gill, M., Kent, L., Holmans, P., Middleton, F., Thapar, A., Lesch, K.P., Faraone, S.V., Daly, M., Nguyen, T.T., Schafer, H., Steinhausen, H.C., Reif, A., Renner, T.J., Romanos, M., Romanos, J., Warnke, A., Walitza, S., Freitag, C., Meyer, J., Palmason, H., Rothenberger, A., Hawi, Z., Sergeant, J.A., Roeyers, H., Mick, E., Biederman, J., Neale, B.M., Medland, S., Ripke, S., Anney, R.J., Asherson, P., Buitelaar, J.K., Franke, B., Gill, M., Kent, L., Holmans, P., Middleton, F., Thapar, A., Lesch, K.P., Faraone, S.V., Daly, M., Nguyen, T.T., Schafer, H., Steinhausen, H.C., Reif, A., Renner, T.J., Romanos, M., Romanos, J., Warnke, A., Walitza, S., Freitag, C., Meyer, J., Palmason, H., Rothenberger, A., Hawi, Z., Sergeant, J.A., Roeyers, H., Mick, E., and Biederman, J.
Abstract: 1 september 2010, Contains fulltext : 88056.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access), OBJECTIVE: Although twin and family studies have shown attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to be highly heritable, genetic variants influencing the trait at a genome-wide significant level have yet to be identified. Thus additional genomewide association studies (GWAS) are needed. METHOD: We used case-control analyses of 896 cases with DSM-IV ADHD genotyped using the Affymetrix 5.0 array and 2,455 repository controls screened for psychotic and bipolar symptoms genotyped using Affymetrix 6.0 arrays. A consensus SNP set was imputed using BEAGLE 3.0, resulting in an analysis dataset of 1,033,244 SNPs. Data were analyzed using a generalized linear model. RESULTS: No genome-wide significant associations were found. The most significant results implicated the following genes: PRKG1, FLNC, TCERG1L, PPM1H, NXPH1, PPM1H, CDH13, HK1, and HKDC1. CONCLUSIONS: The current analyses are a useful addition to the present literature and will make a valuable contribution to future meta-analyses. The candidate gene findings are consistent with a prior meta-analysis in suggesting that the effects of ADHD risk variants must, individually, be very small and/or include multiple rare alleles.
Published: 2010

45. A common variant of the latrophilin 3 gene, LPHN3, confers susceptibility to ADHD and predicts effectiveness of stimulant medication

Author: Arcos-Burgos, M, Jain, M, Acosta, M T, Shively, S, Stanescu, H, Wallis, D, Domené, S, Vélez, J I, Karkera, J D, Balog, J, Berg, K, Kleta, R, Gahl, W A, Roessler, E, Long, R, Lie, J, Pineda, D, Londoño, A C, Palacio, J D, Arbelaez, A, Lopera, F, Elia, J, Hakonarson, H, Johansson, S, Knappskog, P M, Haavik, J, Ribases, M, Cormand, B, Bayes, M, Casas, M, Ramos-Quiroga, J A, Hervas, A, Maher, B S, Faraone, S V, Seitz, C, Freitag, C M, Palmason, H, Meyer, J, Romanos, M, Walitza, S; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8161-8683, Hemminger, U, Warnke, A, Romanos, J, Renner, T, Jacob, C, Lesch, K P, Swanson, J, Vortmeyer, A, Bailey-Wilson, J E, Castellanos, F X, Muenke, M, Arcos-Burgos, M, Jain, M, Acosta, M T, Shively, S, Stanescu, H, Wallis, D, Domené, S, Vélez, J I, Karkera, J D, Balog, J, Berg, K, Kleta, R, Gahl, W A, Roessler, E, Long, R, Lie, J, Pineda, D, Londoño, A C, Palacio, J D, Arbelaez, A, Lopera, F, Elia, J, Hakonarson, H, Johansson, S, Knappskog, P M, Haavik, J, Ribases, M, Cormand, B, Bayes, M, Casas, M, Ramos-Quiroga, J A, Hervas, A, Maher, B S, Faraone, S V, Seitz, C, Freitag, C M, Palmason, H, Meyer, J, Romanos, M, Walitza, S; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8161-8683, Hemminger, U, Warnke, A, Romanos, J, Renner, T, Jacob, C, Lesch, K P, Swanson, J, Vortmeyer, A, Bailey-Wilson, J E, Castellanos, F X, and Muenke, M
Abstract: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has a very high heritability (0.8), suggesting that about 80% of phenotypic variance is due to genetic factors. We used the integration of statistical and functional approaches to discover a novel gene that contributes to ADHD. For our statistical approach, we started with a linkage study based on large multigenerational families in a population isolate, followed by fine mapping of targeted regions using a family-based design. Family- and population-based association studies in five samples from disparate regions of the world were used for replication. Brain imaging studies were performed to evaluate gene function. The linkage study discovered a genome region harbored in the Latrophilin 3 gene (LPHN3). In the world-wide samples (total n=6360, with 2627 ADHD cases and 2531 controls) statistical association of LPHN3 and ADHD was confirmed. Functional studies revealed that LPHN3 variants are expressed in key brain regions related to attention and activity, affect metabolism in neural circuits implicated in ADHD, and are associated with response to stimulant medication. Linkage and replicated association of ADHD with a novel non-candidate gene (LPHN3) provide new insights into the genetics, neurobiology, and treatment of ADHD.
Published: 2010

46. Aufmerksamkeits-Defizit-Hyperaktivitäts-Störungen

Author: Gerlach, M, Mehler-Wex, C, Walitza, S, Warnke, A, Wewetzer, C, Gerlach, M ( M ), Mehler-Wex, C ( C ), Walitza, S ( S ), Warnke, A ( A ), Wewetzer, C ( C ), Walitza, S; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8161-8683, Romanos, M, Gerlach, M, Mehler-Wex, C, Walitza, S, Warnke, A, Wewetzer, C, Gerlach, M ( M ), Mehler-Wex, C ( C ), Walitza, S ( S ), Warnke, A ( A ), Wewetzer, C ( C ), Walitza, S; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8161-8683, and Romanos, M
Published: 2009

47. Wirkt Methylphenidat bei Kindern mit ADHS zytogen?

Author: Rösler, M, von Gontard, A, Retz, W, Freitag, C M, Rösler, M ( M ), von Gontard, A ( A ), Retz, W ( W ), Freitag, C M ( C M ), Walitza, S; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8161-8683, Warnke, A, Romanos, M, Gerlach, M, Stopper, H, Rösler, M, von Gontard, A, Retz, W, Freitag, C M, Rösler, M ( M ), von Gontard, A ( A ), Retz, W ( W ), Freitag, C M ( C M ), Walitza, S; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8161-8683, Warnke, A, Romanos, M, Gerlach, M, and Stopper, H
Published: 2009

48. Psychostimulanzien

Author: Gerlach, M, Warnke, A, Mehler-Wex, C, Walitza, S, Wewetzer, S, Gerlach, M ( M ), Warnke, A ( A ), Mehler-Wex, C ( C ), Walitza, S ( S ), Wewetzer, S ( S ), Walitza, S; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8161-8683, Romanos, M, Seifert, J, Gerlach, M, Warnke, A, Mehler-Wex, C, Walitza, S, Wewetzer, S, Gerlach, M ( M ), Warnke, A ( A ), Mehler-Wex, C ( C ), Walitza, S ( S ), Wewetzer, S ( S ), Walitza, S; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8161-8683, Romanos, M, and Seifert, J
Published: 2009

49. Meta-analysis of genome-wide linkage scans of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Author: Zhou, K., Dempfle, A., Arcos-Burgos, M., Bakker, S.C., Banaschewski, T., Biederman, J., Buitelaar, J.K., Castellanos, F.X., Doyle, A., Ebstein, R.P., Ekholm, J., Forabosco, P., Franke, B., Freitag, C., Friedel, S., Gill, M., Hebebrand, J., Hinney, A., Jacob, C., Lesch, K.P., Loo, S.K., Lopera, F., McCracken, J.T., McGough, J.J., Meyer, J., Mick, E., Miranda, A., Muenke, M., Mulas, F., Nelson, S.F., Nguyen, T.T., Oades, R.D., Ogdie, M.N., Palacio, J.D., Pineda, D., Reif, A., Renner, T.J., Roeyers, H., Romanos, M., Rothenberger, A., Schafer, H., Sergeant, J.A., Sinke, R.J., Smalley, S.L., Sonuga-Barke, E.J.S., Steinhausen, H.C., Meulen, E. van der, Walitza, S., Warnke, A., Lewis, C.M., Faraone, S.V., Asherson, P., Zhou, K., Dempfle, A., Arcos-Burgos, M., Bakker, S.C., Banaschewski, T., Biederman, J., Buitelaar, J.K., Castellanos, F.X., Doyle, A., Ebstein, R.P., Ekholm, J., Forabosco, P., Franke, B., Freitag, C., Friedel, S., Gill, M., Hebebrand, J., Hinney, A., Jacob, C., Lesch, K.P., Loo, S.K., Lopera, F., McCracken, J.T., McGough, J.J., Meyer, J., Mick, E., Miranda, A., Muenke, M., Mulas, F., Nelson, S.F., Nguyen, T.T., Oades, R.D., Ogdie, M.N., Palacio, J.D., Pineda, D., Reif, A., Renner, T.J., Roeyers, H., Romanos, M., Rothenberger, A., Schafer, H., Sergeant, J.A., Sinke, R.J., Smalley, S.L., Sonuga-Barke, E.J.S., Steinhausen, H.C., Meulen, E. van der, Walitza, S., Warnke, A., Lewis, C.M., Faraone, S.V., and Asherson, P.
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 69243.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access), Genetic contribution to the development of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is well established. Seven independent genome-wide linkage scans have been performed to map loci that increase the risk for ADHD. Although significant linkage signals were identified in some of the studies, there has been limited replications between the various independent datasets. The current study gathered the results from all seven of the ADHD linkage scans and performed a Genome Scan Meta Analysis (GSMA) to identify the genomic region with most consistent linkage evidence across the studies. Genome-wide significant linkage (P(SR) = 0.00034, P(OR) = 0.04) was identified on chromosome 16 between 64 and 83 Mb. In addition there are nine other genomic regions from the GSMA showing nominal or suggestive evidence of linkage. All these linkage results may be informative and focus the search for novel ADHD susceptibility genes.
Published: 2008

50. Bipolar disorder risk alleles in children with ADHD

Author: Schimmelmann, B., Hinney, A., Scherag, A., Pütter, C., Pechlivanis, S., Cichon, S., Jöckel, K.-H, Schreiber, S., Wichmann, H., Albayrak, Ö., Dauvermann, M., Konrad, K., Wilhelm, C., Herpertz-Dahlmann, B., Lehmkuhl, G., Sinzig, J., Renner, T., Romanos, M., Warnke, A., Lesch, K., Reif, A., Hebebrand, J., Schimmelmann, B., Hinney, A., Scherag, A., Pütter, C., Pechlivanis, S., Cichon, S., Jöckel, K.-H, Schreiber, S., Wichmann, H., Albayrak, Ö., Dauvermann, M., Konrad, K., Wilhelm, C., Herpertz-Dahlmann, B., Lehmkuhl, G., Sinzig, J., Renner, T., Romanos, M., Warnke, A., Lesch, K., Reif, A., and Hebebrand, J.
Abstract: Bipolar disorder (BD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may share common genetic risk factors as indicated by the high co-morbidity of BD and ADHD, their phenotypic overlap especially in pediatric populations, the high heritability of both disorders, and the co-occurrence in families. We therefore examined whether known polygenic BD risk alleles are associated with ADHD. We chose the eight best SNPs of the recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) of BD patients of German ancestry and the nine SNPs from international GWAS meeting a ‘genome-wide significance' level of α=5×10−8. A GWAS was performed in 495 ADHD children and 1,300 population-based controls using HumanHap550v3 and Human660W-Quadv1 BeadArrays. We found no significant association of childhood ADHD with single BD risk alleles surviving adjustment for multiple testing. Yet, risk alleles for BD and ADHD were directionally consistent at eight of nine loci with the strongest support for three SNPs in or near NCAN, BRE, and LMAN2L. The polygene analysis for the BP risk alleles at all 14 loci indicated a higher probability of being a BD risk allele carrier in the ADHD cases as compared to the controls. At a moderate power to detect association with ADHD, if true effects were close to estimates from GWAS for BD, our results suggest that the possible contribution of BD risk variants to childhood ADHD risk is considerably lower than for BD. Yet, our findings should encourage researchers to search for common genetic risk factors in BD and childhood ADHD in future studies

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