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Studying geophysical station deployment on Earth is essential preparation for future geophysical experiments elsewhere in the solar system. Here, I investigated how single-station seismometers and small-aperture seismic arrays in analog settings can quantify instrument capabilities, develop methodologies to detect and locate seismicity, and constrain internal structure. First, I used a single-station seismometer in Germany to study how the NASA InSight mission could constrain core depth. I showed that InSight could recover the Martian core within ±30 km if ≥ 3 events are located within an epicentral distance uncertainty of < ±1 degree. Increasing the number of detected events reduces core depth uncertainty, and higher signal-to-noise events will not affect core depth uncertainty or recovery rate. Next, I used environmental analogs in Earth's cryosphere to quantify how seismometer placement on a mock-lander would affect instrument performance and seismic science results for a future surface mission to an icy ocean world. If mock-lander instruments were unprotected from the wind, noise levels were 50 dB higher than those on the ground. However, once seismometers were shielded via burial, noise performances were similar to the ground-coupled seismometers, although spacecraft resonances were found at frequencies ~100 Hz. For icy ocean worlds lacking atmospheres, I showed that deck-mounted flight-candidate seismometers recorded ground motion comparably to surface-deployed instrumentation, with responses similar to terrestrial seismometers at frequencies > 0.1 Hz. Finally, I investigated seismicity detection capabilities of single-station and small-aperture seismic arrays. Small-aperture arrays were more effective at distinguishing low-frequency seismic events from noise and had fewer false positive events than a single-station. The Greenland site detected a higher percentage of teleseismic and regional tectonic events while the Gulkana Glacier, Alaska site observed more

In December 2018, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Interior exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport (InSight) mission deployed a seismometer on the surface of Mars. In preparation for the data analysis, in July 2017, the marsquake service initiated a blind test in which participants were asked to detect and characterize seismicity embedded in a one Earth year long synthetic data set of continuous waveforms. Synthetic data were computed for a single station, mimicking the streams that will be available from InSight as well as the expected tectonic and impact seismicity, and noise conditions on Mars (Clinton et al., 2017). In total, 84 teams from 20 countries registered for the blind test and 11 of them submitted their results in early 2018. The collection of documentations, methods, ideas, and codes submitted by the participants exceeds 100 pages. The teams proposed well established as well as novel methods to tackle the challenging target of building a global seismicity catalog using a single station. This article summarizes the performance of the teams and highlights the most successful contributions.