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The non-coding 7SL RNA transcript complexes with six SRP proteins to form the Signal Recognition Particle. 7SL RNAs are produced with encoded U-tails of variable length due to their transcription by RNA polymerase III, and about 80% of endogenous 7SL RNAs receive one or two adenines at their 3’ ends by noncanonical poly(A) polymerases including TENT2. However, the relationship between SRP protein binding, 7SL RNA stability, and 3’ end tailing dynamics is not understood. To begin to investigate this, I established an exogenous 7SL1 RNA expression system with point mutations serving as barcodes for distinguishing from endogenous 7SL RNAs. Two independent exogenous barcoded 7SL1 RNAs, however, showed less 3' end adenylation and more uridylation than endogenous 7SL RNAs. A subsequent titration experiment revealed increased 3’ end adenylation and decreased uridylation at lower expression levels but still did not fully match endogenous 7SL RNAs even when expressed at below 10% of endogenous levels. TENT2 knockout caused almost complete loss of adenylation of the exogenous barcoded 7SL1 RNAs but no change in accumulation, suggesting that adenylation is not important for stability. Mutations impairing association of 7SL1 RNA with SRP54 showed no effects on accumulation or uridylation but moderate increases in adenylation, suggesting SRP54 binding does not impact 7SL RNA 3’ end processing or stability in a major way. Mutations known to impair association of 7SL1 RNA with SRP9, however, demonstrated increased uridylation and decreased adenylation and accumulation, suggesting SRP9 assembly impacts 7SL RNA 3' end tailing and stability.

High-frequency in-situ monitoring of nutrients in lakes is increasingly becoming relevant to understand event-driven nutrient pulses better. These pulses are essential for phytoplankton development but are usually not captured during conventional sampling programs. In-situ monitoring of nutrients in lakes has been lagging despite the role of nutrients in eutrophication. We evaluated an in-situ wet chemistry soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) analyzer to establish a methodological basis for high-frequency measurements of SRP. The device (based on the molybdate blue method) was evaluated in laboratory and field tests by comparing it with conventional laboratory analysis. The results of the in-situ analyser during laboratory were similar to the conventional analysis (R2 > 0.995, NSE = 0.989, PBIAS = 8.4 %). Repeated measurements by the in-situ analyzer in a 0.1 mg L-1 test solution had a mean and standard deviation of 0.1005 ± 0.0047 and a MAPE of 3.39, indicating the stability of the measurements. During field tests in a hypertrophic lake with anoxic hypolimnion, the in-situ analyzer SRP concentrations were lower and divergent from the laboratory analysis; due to potential interference of the in-situ analyzer's reagents by sulfides. Under aerobic conditions during field tests, the in-situ P results of a eutrophic, mixed shallow lake were similar to those from water samples analyzed in the laboratory (R2 = 0.562 – 0.812, NSE = 0.397 – 0.707, PBIAS = -8.5 – 24.6 %). There was no difference in SRP concentration among the unfiltered, 0.2 µm, and 10 µm pore size filtered samples; filter pore size did not play a role in the measured SRP concentrations. The in-situ SRP analyzer revealed previously unobserved phenomena, e.g., multiple strongly discontinuous SRP peaks reaching almost 0.1 mg L-1; it therefore, offers a solid methodological basis for high-frequency monitoring of SRP. Incorporating high-frequency in-situ nutrient analysis in lake monitoring provides insight

本研究の目的は，生徒の主体的な学びの実現に向けて具体的な方策を提案することである。生徒が問いをもって学ぶ探究型授業のモデルとして，SRP（‘StudyandResearchPaths’）を研究の視座としておいた。探究にはどのような教材が適していて，その時教師はどのような支援をする必要があるかを明らかにするために，２種類のSRPを意識した授業を開発・実践した。検証のためにはQAマップを用いた。結果，タレスの方法と直角三角形の合同条件について教材化ができた。授業実践の様子とそこから見つかった更なる課題を報告する。, The aim of this study was to present concrete measures for the sake of the realization of students’ proactive learning. I focused on SRP （‘Study and Research Paths’） as a model of exploratory learning in which students learn with self-generated questions. To reveal what study material is suitable in exploratory learning and what type of teacher’s help is needed on the occasion, I tried to develop and performed classes in conscious of two types of SRP. I used QA map for the test. As a result, I obtained educational materials for the Thales' theorem and conditions of congruency of two right-angled triangles. In this article. I report classes performed and further problems to solve that were available from the practice.

本研究では, 従来行ってきた授業に比べ, 生徒に自由度を与え, より多様で深い探究が可能となるような授業を提案する。生徒の探究型学習を保障するため, 探究から生成される問いの広がりを予測し,図示したQAマップの作成も行った。これらを, 中学校第1学年を対象とした作図授業の「ビリヤードの球の経路を考える問題」を通して, 生徒の探究により,作図方法を見つけていく授業実践を行った。その結果と考察を報告する。 / In this paper I will propose classes that enable more diverse and deeper exploring by giving higher degree of freedom to the students compared to the classes that have been conducted. To assuring exploring-based learning, I predicted breadth of the questions generated by the exploring and also depicted a QA map. I practiced classes finding method of depicting figures focusing on characteristics of diagrams based of these processes using a drill predicting the path of a billiard ball.

本研究の目的は，教科横断的な探究型学習の実現，生徒が問いを生成し続ける学習の実現に向けて，教授人間学理論における世界探究パラダイムに基づいた学習論‘Study and Research Paths’を参考に授業の実践を行い，具体的な指針を得ることである。SRPの特徴を整理した後，QAマップの作成をして授業設計を行った．その成果として，問いが続いていく感覚を生徒自身がつかむことができた。生徒が実践した自由研究のテーマは昨年度より多岐にわたり，インターネットを通しての単なる調べ学習ではなく，生徒独自の問いに向き合う姿が増加した。 / In this research , we practice our lessons according to‘Study and Research Paths’based on that Anthropological Theory of Didactic toward fulfilling interdisciplinary exploring-based learning and the study that students continue making questions. We make the QA map and the design of lessons after arranging the feature of SRP. As a result, students could have their attitude of keep asking questions. So, there are many kinds of theme that they practice as free research and we can see not only students who try to solve through the internet but also students who try to solve by theirselves.

This paper presents results on the development of a Study and Research Path (SRP) that involves mathematics and physics, from the didactic actions or gestures proposed by the Anthropological Theory of the Didactic (ATD) as typical of a SRP, called dialectics (Chevallard, 2013a). The SRP was implemented in five secondary school math courses with N=116 students in total. Qualitative techniques for data analysis and meta-analysis are used to construct an inductive categorization according to the use of multivariate quantitative techniques. The results show the difficulties of the development of these gestures in the classroom and allow to interpret the existence of a joint operation of certain dialectics, since the increase in the frequency of occurrence of some corresponds to the increase in the others., En este trabajo se presentan resultados sobre el desarrollo de un Recorrido de Estudio y de Investigación (REI) que involucra a la Matemática y a la Física, a partir de las acciones o gestos didácticos propuestos por la Teoría Antropológica de lo Didáctico (TAD) como propios de un REI, llamados dialécticas (Chevallard, 2013a). El REI fue implementado en cinco cursos de Matemática en escuelas secundarias con N=116 estudiantes en total. Se emplean técnicas cualitativas de análisis y metaanálisis de datos para construir una categorización inductiva conforme al uso de técnicas cuantitativas de estadística multivariada. Los resultados muestran las dificultades del desarrollo de estos gestos en el aula y permiten interpretar la existencia de un funcionamiento conjunto de ciertas dialécticas, puesto que el aumento de frecuencia de ocurrencia de algunas se corresponde con el aumento de las otras.

Dataset: AE1812 Water column phosphate data, This dataset includes water column phosphate data from RV/Atlantic Explorer AE1812, May 2018. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/762824, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1558490, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1558506, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1536346

A manned Mars mission will require a substantial increase in landed mass compared to previous robotic missions, beyond the capabilities of current Entry Descent and Landing, EDL, technologies, such as blunt-body aeroshells and supersonic disk-gap-band parachutes. The heaviest payload successfully landed on Mars to date is the Mars Science Laboratory which delivered the Curiosity rover with an approximate mass of 900 kg. For a human mission, a payload of magnitude 30-50 times heavier will need to reach the surface in a secure manner. According to the Global Exploration Roadmap, GER, a Human Mission to Mars, HMM, is planned to take place after year 2030. To prepare for such an event several technologies need maturing and development, one of them is to be able to use and accurately asses the performance of Supersonic Retro Propulsion, SRP, another is to be able to use inflatable heat shields. This internal study conducted at the European Space Agency, ESA, is a first investigation focusing on the Entry Descent and Landing, EDL, sequence of a manned Mars lander utilising an inflatable heatshield and SRP, which are both potential technologies for enabling future landings of heavy payloads on the planet. The thesis covers the areas of aerodynamics and propulsion coupled together to achieve a design, which considers the flight envelope constraints imposed on human missions. The descent has five different phases and they are defined as circular orbit, hypersonic entry, supersonic retropropulsion, vertical turn manoeuvre and soft landing. The focus of this thesis is on one of the phases, the SRP phase. The study is carried out with the retro-thrust profile and SRP phase initiation Mach number as parameters. Aerodynamic data in the hyper and supersonic regime are generated using Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD, to accurately assess the retropropulsive performance. The basic concept and initial sizing of the manned Mars lander builds on a preliminary technical report from ES

We present a methodology for the reconstruction of a mathematical praxeology for teaching based on study and research paths for teacher education. This methodology is illustrated through the construction of a praxeology for teaching that emerges as an answer to the generating question: “How to organize the teaching of about elementary functional modeling at lower secondary school (12-16 years old) and what role can be assigned to proportionality in this organization?” The experimentation took place in the Master for secondary school teacher education., Presentamos una metodología para la reconstrucción de praxeologías matemáticas para la enseñanza basada en los recorridos de estudio e investigación para la formación del profesorado. Ejemplificamos dicha metodología mediante la construcción de una praxeología para la enseñanza, que surge como respuesta a la cuestión generatriz: "¿Cómo organizar la enseñanza de la modelización funcional elemental en la Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria (12-16 años) y qué papel asignar a la proporcionalidad en dicha organización?". La experimentación se ha llevado a cabo en el Máster oficial de formación del profesorado de secundaria.

The main goal for this master's degree final thesis is to propose an alternative way of computing solar radiation pressure. Solar radiation pressure is the impact of the photons emitted by the Sun onto a satellite. This impact generates acceleration that is important to model satellite's motion.

[EN] This project seeks to find a functional solution to a coffee packaging for a batch of 10 units, based on the concept of Shelf Ready Packaging (SRP or packaging ready for sale) and looking for an optimal solution for the logistics of the product ., [ES] El presente proyecto trata de buscar una solución funcional a un embalaje/envase de café para un lote de 10 unidades, basándolo en el concepto de Shelf Ready Packaging (SRP o embalaje listo para la venta) y buscando una solución óptima para la logística del producto.

This thesis describes the testing and analysis of a Study and Research Path (SRP) on a classical question from mathematical demography. The hypothesis of the study has been that an SRP on demography can give high school students an insight into how mathematical methods can be used to answer questions in the social sciences. Specically the SRP concerned the generating question: \How many people have ever lived?". The Anthropological Theory of Didactics (ATD) has been used as a theoretical framework for the study and an epistemological reference model (ERM) has been developed. We have rst performed our own study and research of the question and found that it can be answered in multiple ways. The most prominent methods focused either on modelling yearly births as a function of time in order to calculate a denite integral or on modelling the population size as a function of time in order to calculate the integral and divide this with an estimate of an average life expectancy. We have then designed a teaching sequence and made an a priori analysis of it. In the a posteriori analysis we have focused on which questions the students developed, how students used media and students' praxeologies regarding integration and interpolation. We have found that students developed questions similar to those in the a priori analysis which could be divided into three branches: counting deaths, counting births and counting \person-years". The students mainly studied media to gain information on the origins of man and to nd demographic data. Only little media on the methods for calculating an answer was found and it was not studied in depth. A better study of such media might have given a greater variety in successful methods used by students. Regarding both interpolation and integration students almost exclusively used techniques involving CAS. We have found that students know the praxis

Seiring dengan meningkatnya pertumbuhan ekonomi global membawa dampak akan kebutuhan sarana transportasi udara, hal ini menyebabkan jumlah rute penerbangan menjadi meningkat. Adapun salah satu sarana fisik dibandara Raja Haji Fisabilillah adalah sarana parkir. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik parkir dan luas kebutuhan parkir pada Bandara Raja Haji Fisabilillah Tanjungpinang.               Metode penelitian yang digunakan menggunakan pedoman dari Dirjen Perhubungan Darat tahun 1996 dan perhitungan karakteristik kendaraan yaitu: akumulasi, turn over, indek parkir, rata-rata parkir dan luas kebutuhan parkir. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 7 hari dimulai pada pukul 05.00 WIB sampai dengan pukul 21:00 WIB. Dari hasil analisis diperoleh karakteristik parkir kendaraan roda empat yaitu: akumulasi parkir tertinggi sebanyak 63 kend/jam, durasi parkir tertinggi sebesar 1,779 kend/jam, turn over tertinggi sebesar 0,382 kend/jam, Indek parkir tertingi sebesar 25,301%, rata-rata parkir tertinggi sebesar 27,688 kend/jam. Luas lahan parkir yang dibutuhkan sebesar 748,11894 m² yaitu sekitar 63 SRP, sedangkan yang tersedia sebesar 2956,875 m² dari jumlah 249 SRP dan masih ada lahan sebesar 2208,756 m² yang dapat digunakan pada jam puncak. Karakteristik parkir kendaraan roda dua yaitu: akumulasi tertinggi sebanyak 46 kend/jam, durasi parkir tertinggi sebesar 1,727 kend/jam, turn over tertinggi sebesar 0,504 kend/jam, indek parkir tertinggi sebesar 39,316%, rata-rata parkir kendaraan roda dua tertinggi terjadi pada hari minggu 18 september 2016 sebesar 20,250 kend/jam. Luas lahan parkir yang dibutuhkan kendaraan roda dua sebesar 68,99958 m² yaitu sekitar 45 SRP, sedangkan yang tersedia sebesar 175,5 m² dari jumlah 117 SRP dan masih ada lahan sebesar 106,500 m² yang dapat digunakan pada jam puncak. Ditinjau dari karakteristik parkir, kebutuhan ruang parkir kendaraan roda empat dan kendaraan roda

Today there exist a myriad of different types of access control systems that use a smart card or mobile device as a key. The mobile device enabled smart locks, as they are often referred to, operate using either WiFi or Bluetooth. This thesis has explored the use of a third emerging wireless technology called Near Field Communication (NFC). NFC technology is a relatively new technology that is on the rise and is included in almost every new mobile device. Using a NFC enabled mobile device, a highly secure access control system was developed on a Raspberry Pi Linux platform. Several different authentication protocols, mobile operating systems and NFC modes of operation where analyzed and evaluated, to ensure that the system was as secure as possible. Eventually the system was implemented using the Secure Remote Password authentication protocol on top of a NFC card emulation scheme with the client application running on the Android operating system. The final system was a secure and responsive system that would be easy to deploy in many different situations. This project shows that NFC enables a mobile device to act as akey in a secure access control system and as the user base for NFC grows larger sowill the likelihood that we will come to see more of these types of systems., Idag finns det flera olika typer av inpasserings system som använder någon form av ”smart card” eller mobil enhet som nyckel. De smarta låsen, som det oftast kallas, som använder sig av en mobile enhet, använder antingen Wi-­‐‑Fi eller Bluetooth för att kommunicera med inpasserings systemet. I den här uppsatsen kommer en relativt ny teknologi som kalls Near Field Communication (NFC) att utforskas. Användandet av NFC är på uppgång och det finns inkluderat i nästan varje ny mobil enhet som släpps på marknaden idag. Ett inpasserings system med hög säkerhet utvecklades genom att använda en mobile enhet med NFC kapabilitet tillsammans med en Raspberry Pi Linux plattform. Flera olika typer av autentiserings protokoll, mobila operativsystem och NFC användnings moder, analyserades och utvärderades för att säkerställa att systemet var så säkert som möjligt. Tillslut valdes ett autentiserings protokoll vid namn, Secure Remote Password (SRP), som integrerades ovanpå ett kort emulerings NFC ramverk som finns tillgängligt i Android operativsystemet. Det slutgiltiga systemet har hög säkerhet och är snabbt och responsivt och kan användas i flera olika situationer. NFC tillåter en mobile enhet att agera nyckel i ett inpasseringssystem och användandet kommer bara öka med den expanderande användare basen.

Humans now have a strong influence on almost every major aquatic ecosystem, and our activities have dramatically altered the quality of receiving waters worldwide. Thus, there is a continuous need to develop and apply novel and effective technologies to detect, manage, and correct human-induced degradation of aquatic systems. In the present work, we evaluated the molecular approach using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) to measure changes in cyanobacterial diversity along a pollution gradient in a river and compared it with that of using microscopic observations of field-fixed and cultured samples. The different 16S rDNA genes present in the cyanobacterial community of each sampling point of the river were separated by TGGE, giving a characteristic pattern of bands for each site. This pattern represents a “fingerprint” of the community, allowing direct comparisons of the different samples. The TGGE results revealed that the structure of the cyanobacterial community differed along the pollution gradient of the river. Microscopic and molecular approaches showed that cyanobacterial diversity decreased in a downstream direction. Similar results were obtained by the two methods, as indicated by the high correlation between them. We suggest PCR-TGGE could be a useful and rapidly applied technique for the routine analysis of changes in cyanobacterial diversity in response to pollution, which would allow us to monitor rivers in surveillance networks of watercourse quality.

The aim of this thesis is to study state regulation of anti-democratic parties, i.e. party regulation. The term ‘Party regulation’ refers to laws that may regulate the activities and behavior of political parties. This thesis uses a comparative method, conducted on three European countries which regulate anti-democratic parties differently. The cases studied are Germany, Spain and Sweden.The basis for understanding state regulation of anti-democratic parties rests on a historical institutionalist perspective along with theories of democratic tolerance. The analysis reveals that states regulate anti-democratic parties differently as a result of their historical past which has made them adopt different ideas of how political parties should be seen. Further, the analysis shows that there is no connection between the party regulation adopted and the effect it has on the anti-democratic parties.

In the bacterium Escherichia coli all proteins are synthesized in the cytoplasm. However, at least 25% of them then need to be exported to another cellular compartment where they exert their function. E. coli has several different targeting pathways to ensure the correct localization of its proteins. When a nascent chain emerges at the ribosomal tunnel exit the signal recognition particle (SRP) can bind to it. The ribosomal nascent chain -SRP- complex is then targeted either to the Sec-translocon or the YidC insertase at the cytoplasmic membrane. Integral cytoplasmic membrane proteins are inserted into the lipid bilayer whilst periplasmic and outer membrane proteins are translocated across the membrane. In order to be fully functional, proteins need to be both correctly localized and folded. In many cases, they also assemble into complexes with other proteins or co-factors. In my thesis I will present an improved protocol for two-dimensional blue native/SDS-PAGE (2D BN/SDS-PAGE) that makes it very suitable to study the biogenesis of integral cytoplasmic membrane proteins and especially the complexes in the cytoplasmic membrane. Using this and other methods I have studied the biogenesis of integral cytoplasmic membrane proteins and other exported proteins. This has been done on a global scale in mutant strains where the SRP-targeting pathway, the Sec-translocon and the integral cytoplasmic membrane chaperone/insertase YidC have been compromised.

Sowohl die kotranslationale Translokation von sekretorischen Proteinen durch die Membran als auch die Insertion von Membranproteinen sind essentielle Prozesse in allen lebenden Zellen. Sie erfordern die Sortierung des translatierenden Ribosoms zur Membran mittels des Signalerkenungspartikels (SRP), eines im Verlauf der Evolution konservierten Ribonukleoprotein-Partikels. SRP erkennt die Signalsequenz einer wachsenden Proteinkette, sobald diese aus dem Ribosom hervortritt. Die Bindung von SRP führt zum Anhalten der Peptidelongation (Elongationsarrest) und zum Andocken an den membrangebundenen SRP-Rezeptor (SR). In dieser Arbeit wird die 12 Å Kryo-Elektronenmikroskopie-Struktur eines Sortierungs-Komplexes dargestellt, der aus dem Säugetier-SRP gebunden an ein aktives Ribosom mit Signalsequenz besteht. Ein erstes molekulares Modell von SRP in dieser Konformation wurde erzeugt. Es zeigt wie die S-Domäne von SRP die große ribosomale Untereinheit nahe dem Peptidtunnel-Ausgang kontaktiert, um dort die Signalsequenz zu binden. Außerdem wird deutlich wie die Alu-Domäne von SRP in die Bindungsstelle für Elongationsfaktoren hineinreicht, wodurch die Elongationsarrest-Aktivität der Alu-Domäne erklärt wird. Auf dieser Basis konnte ein erstes Struktur-basiertes Modell der ersten Schritte der kotranslationalen Proteinsortierung entworfen werden. Darüberhinaus wurde auch der Schritt des Andockens an die Membran visualisiert, indem die Struktur des Ribosom-SRP-SR-Komplexes durch Kryo-EM gelöst wurde. Erste Schlüsse hinsichtlich des Mechanismus, der das Ribosom vom SRP zum Translokon transferiert, können hier gezogen werden. Als Nebenergebnis konnte durch die erreichte hohe Auflösung die Position des wichtigen ribosomalen Proteins L30e in der Kryo-EM-Struktur des Weizenkeim-Ribosoms idenifiziert werden., Cotranslational translocation of proteins across or into membranes is a vital process in all kingdoms of life. It requires targeting of the translating ribosome to the membrane by the signal recognition particle (SRP), an evolutionary conserved ribonucleoprotein particle. SRP recognizes signal sequences of nascent protein chains emerging from the ribosome. Subsequent binding of SRP leads to pausing of peptide elongation and docking to the membrane-bound SRP receptor. Here, the 12 Å cryo-electron microscopy structure of a targeting complex is presented consisting of mammalian SRP bound to an active 80S ribosome carrying a signal sequence. A molecular model of SRP in this functional conformation was generated. The model reveals how the S-domain of SRP contacts the large ribosomal subunit at the nascent chain exit site to bind the signal sequence, and that the Alu-domain reaches into the elongation factor binding site of the ribosome explaining its elongation arrest activity. A molecular model of the first steps of protein targeting is presented. Moreover, also the docking step has been visualized by solving a cryo-EM structure of the ribosome-SRP complex bound to the SRP receptor. This structure provides first hints regarding the mechanism of ribosome transfer to the translocon. As a side result the position of the functionally significant ribosomal protein L30e has been identified in the high resolution maps of the wheat germ ribosome.

4.5S RNA is essential for viability of Escherichia coli, and forms a key component of the signal recognition particle (SRP), a ubiquitous ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for cotranslational targeting of secretory proteins. 4.5S RNA also binds independently to elongation factor G (EF-G), a five-domain GTPase that catalyzes the translocation step during protein biosynthesis on the ribosome. Point mutations in EF-G suppress deleterious effects of 4.5S RNA depletion, as do mutations in the EF-G binding site within ribosomal RNA, suggesting that 4.5S RNA might play a critical role in ribosome function in addition to its role in SRP. Here we show that 4.5S RNA and EF-G form a phylogenetically conserved, low-affinity but highly specific complex involving sequence elements required for 4.5S binding to its cognate SRP protein, Ffh. Mutational analysis indicates that the same molecular structure of 4.5S RNA is recognized in each case. Surprisingly, however, the suppressor mutant forms of EF-G bind very weakly or undetectably to 4.5S RNA, implying that cells can survive 4.5S RNA depletion by decreasing the affinity between 4.5S RNA and the translational machinery. These data suggest that SRP function is the essential role of 4.5S RNA in bacteria.

Raman spectroscopy, spreading resistance probe (SRP) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA) studies were carried out on H-plasma treated and annealed p-type Czochralski (Cz) Si. The formation of voids filled with hydrogen molecules was observed by Raman spectroscopy after plasma hydrogenation. The Raman and ERDA measurements show that molecular hydrogen can be released from nanovoids at 600 °C which leads to the formation of empty voids. ERDA and SEM investigations show that after the hydrogen plasma treatment the formation of voids filled by hydrogen occurs at a depth of about 400 nm. SRP measurements show, that at 400 °C post-hydrogenation annealing for 10-60 min a fast diffusion of hydrogen into the bulk occurs. This leads to the hydrogen enhanced thermal donor formation and therefore to a carrier profiles modification up to a depth of a few hundred microns. The Raman measurements show that the molecular hydrogen can not be released from nanovoids at 400°C which is in good agreement with ERDA data. Our investigations give a method for the low-temperature, low-cost modification of die Cz Si substrates which leads to die formation of a carrier gradient in die bulk, to surface structuring and to voids formation in the subsurface region.

Spreading resistance probe (SRP) measurement has been used to directly study the electrical characteristics of MILC poly silicon film. The measurement requires only small regions (∼100μm × 100μm) and the results have shown the improvement of the quality of resistance after a low temperature (625°C) and short time (1 hour) annealing. The new method can provide a fast, simple and inexpensive electrical characterization method instead of fabrication of devices such as resistor and transistors.

Sekretorische Proteine und Proteine der Kompartimente des sekretorischen Transportweges müssen die Membran des Endoplasmatischen Retikulums überqueren, um an ihren Wirkungsort zu gelangen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden frühe Schritte des kotranslationalen Transports von Proteinen durch die ER-Membran untersucht. Signalsequenzen leiten diese Proteine als ribosomengebundene Intermediate an die ER-Membran. Die Ribosomen binden dort an den Sec61p-Komplex, der als Ribosomenrezeptor wirkt und gleichzeitig den proteinleitenden Kanal in der Membran bildet. Die Assoziation von Ribosomen mit dem Sec61p-Komplex verläuft in zwei Phasen. Die initiale Bindung ist sensitiv gegenüber hohen Salzkonzentrationen. Die Ribosomenbindung wird salzresistent, wenn die naszierende Kette in den Kanal inseriert und der Sec61p-Komplex die Signalsequenz erkennt. Sowohl Ribosomen ohne naszierende Kette als auch Ribosomen, die Proteine ohne Signalsequenzen synthetisieren, sind nur zur initialen salz-sensitiven Bindung an den Sec61p-Komplex fähig. Signalsequenzen interagieren im Cytosol mit SRP (engl.: Signal Recognition Particle). In dieser Arbeit wurde gezeigt, daß Signalsequenzen außerdem von Calmodulin gebunden werden. SRP und Calmodulin scheinen für die Interaktion mit Signalsequenzen einen ähnlichen Mechanismus zu benutzen, der wiederum mit der Signalsequenzerkennung durch den Sec61p-Komplex verwandt ist. Alle Ribosomen, unabhängig davon ob und welches Protein sie translatieren, können mit dem Sec61p-Komplex interagieren und daher um Bindungsplätze an der ER-Membran kompetitieren. Wenn SRP an die Signalsequenz einer naszierenden Kette gebunden ist, erhalten diese Ribosomen jedoch einen Vorteil in der Kompetition. Nur sie können Ribosomen ohne naszierende Kette oder Ribosomen, die ein cytosolisches Protein translatieren, vom Sec61p-Komplex verdrängen und sich selbst dann einen Translokationsort sichern, wenn alle Bindingsplätze an der Membran besetzt sind. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden, The first step in the secretory pathway is the translocation of proteins across the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In this thesis project, early stages of cotranslational protein translocation in mammalian cells were studied. Proteins following the secretory pathway are targeted to the ER as ribosome-nascent chain complexes by their N-terminal hydrophobic signal sequences. The nascent chain is translocated across the ER membrane through a hydrophilic channel formed by the Sec61p complex, which also functions as the ribosome receptor. The initial binding of ribosomes to the ER membrane is salt-sensitive. After insertion of the nascent chain into the translocation channel and signal sequence recognition by the Sec61p complex, the ribosome is bound in a salt-resistant manner. The membrane binding of ribosomes lacking nascent chains and of ribosomes carrying nascent chains without signal sequences is always salt-sensitive. It is known that in the cytosol, the signal sequence binds to the signal recognition particle (SRP). Here we show that another cytosolic factor, the small regulatory protein calmodulin, can interact with signal sequences. Our data suggest that both SRP and calmodulin use a similar mechanism for substrate binding and recognition. In fact, this mechanism may be related to signal sequence recognition by the Sec61p complex. Previously the question has been raised of how efficient targeting of ribosome-nascent chain complexes (RNCs) carrying a signal sequence is possible when all ribosomes, regardless of the presence or nature of a nascent chain, can bind to the Sec61p complex. We demonstrate that all ribosomes compete for common binding sites at the ER membrane and that SRP functions as a positive effector to give RNCs carrying a signal sequence an advantage over other ribosomes. RNCs with a signal sequence and bound SRP can displace ribosomes without a nascent chain and ribosomes synthesizing cytosolic proteins from the membrane and can ther

Diplomová práce se zabývá moderními metodami autentizace uživatelů. V první části práce jsou stručně popsány protokoly, které se používají v současnosti a shrnuty jejich výhody a nevýhody. V teoretickém úvodu jsou pak rozebrány principy autentizace s nulovou znalostí, password-based protokoly a popsán návrh hašovací funkce nové generace. V praktické části jsou popsány konkrétní implementace autentizačních protokolů - Ohta-Okamoto protokol jako zástupce protokolů s nulovou znalostí a SRP (Secure Remote Password), který zastupuje password-based protokoly. V obou případech je popsán postup instalace, proveden rozbor jejich implementace na úrovni zdrojových kódů a ten následně porovnán s přenášenými daty zachycenými programem Wireshark. U protokolu SRP je provedeno ověření bezpečnosti nástrojem AVISPA. V závěru je u obou protokolů shrnuta bezpečnostní analýza., The main focus of Master’s thesis is modern methods for user authentication. In the first part are briefly described currently used protocols and pointed out thein advantages and disadvantages. The theoretical introduction analyzes the principles of zero-knowledge authentication, password-based protocols and describes the concept of a new generation hash function. The practical part describes the specific implementation of authentication protocols - Ohta-Okamoto protocol as a representative of the zero knowledge protocols and SRP (Secure Remote Password), which represents password-based protocols. In both cases, the installation procedure is described following the analysis of their implementation (at the source code level) and then compared with the transmitted data captured by Wireshark. The SRP protocol is verified by AVISPA tool. There is summary of both protocols security analysis in the conclusion.

Diplomová práce se zabývá moderními metodami autentizace uživatelů. V první části práce jsou stručně popsány protokoly, které se používají v současnosti a shrnuty jejich výhody a nevýhody. V teoretickém úvodu jsou pak rozebrány principy autentizace s nulovou znalostí, password-based protokoly a popsán návrh hašovací funkce nové generace. V praktické části jsou popsány konkrétní implementace autentizačních protokolů - Ohta-Okamoto protokol jako zástupce protokolů s nulovou znalostí a SRP (Secure Remote Password), který zastupuje password-based protokoly. V obou případech je popsán postup instalace, proveden rozbor jejich implementace na úrovni zdrojových kódů a ten následně porovnán s přenášenými daty zachycenými programem Wireshark. U protokolu SRP je provedeno ověření bezpečnosti nástrojem AVISPA. V závěru je u obou protokolů shrnuta bezpečnostní analýza., The main focus of Master’s thesis is modern methods for user authentication. In the first part are briefly described currently used protocols and pointed out thein advantages and disadvantages. The theoretical introduction analyzes the principles of zero-knowledge authentication, password-based protocols and describes the concept of a new generation hash function. The practical part describes the specific implementation of authentication protocols - Ohta-Okamoto protocol as a representative of the zero knowledge protocols and SRP (Secure Remote Password), which represents password-based protocols. In both cases, the installation procedure is described following the analysis of their implementation (at the source code level) and then compared with the transmitted data captured by Wireshark. The SRP protocol is verified by AVISPA tool. There is summary of both protocols security analysis in the conclusion.

Diplomová práce se zabývá moderními metodami autentizace uživatelů. V první části práce jsou stručně popsány protokoly, které se používají v současnosti a shrnuty jejich výhody a nevýhody. V teoretickém úvodu jsou pak rozebrány principy autentizace s nulovou znalostí, password-based protokoly a popsán návrh hašovací funkce nové generace. V praktické části jsou popsány konkrétní implementace autentizačních protokolů - Ohta-Okamoto protokol jako zástupce protokolů s nulovou znalostí a SRP (Secure Remote Password), který zastupuje password-based protokoly. V obou případech je popsán postup instalace, proveden rozbor jejich implementace na úrovni zdrojových kódů a ten následně porovnán s přenášenými daty zachycenými programem Wireshark. U protokolu SRP je provedeno ověření bezpečnosti nástrojem AVISPA. V závěru je u obou protokolů shrnuta bezpečnostní analýza., The main focus of Master’s thesis is modern methods for user authentication. In the first part are briefly described currently used protocols and pointed out thein advantages and disadvantages. The theoretical introduction analyzes the principles of zero-knowledge authentication, password-based protocols and describes the concept of a new generation hash function. The practical part describes the specific implementation of authentication protocols - Ohta-Okamoto protocol as a representative of the zero knowledge protocols and SRP (Secure Remote Password), which represents password-based protocols. In both cases, the installation procedure is described following the analysis of their implementation (at the source code level) and then compared with the transmitted data captured by Wireshark. The SRP protocol is verified by AVISPA tool. There is summary of both protocols security analysis in the conclusion.

Diplomová práce se zabývá moderními metodami autentizace uživatelů. V první části práce jsou stručně popsány protokoly, které se používají v současnosti a shrnuty jejich výhody a nevýhody. V teoretickém úvodu jsou pak rozebrány principy autentizace s nulovou znalostí, password-based protokoly a popsán návrh hašovací funkce nové generace. V praktické části jsou popsány konkrétní implementace autentizačních protokolů - Ohta-Okamoto protokol jako zástupce protokolů s nulovou znalostí a SRP (Secure Remote Password), který zastupuje password-based protokoly. V obou případech je popsán postup instalace, proveden rozbor jejich implementace na úrovni zdrojových kódů a ten následně porovnán s přenášenými daty zachycenými programem Wireshark. U protokolu SRP je provedeno ověření bezpečnosti nástrojem AVISPA. V závěru je u obou protokolů shrnuta bezpečnostní analýza., The main focus of Master’s thesis is modern methods for user authentication. In the first part are briefly described currently used protocols and pointed out thein advantages and disadvantages. The theoretical introduction analyzes the principles of zero-knowledge authentication, password-based protocols and describes the concept of a new generation hash function. The practical part describes the specific implementation of authentication protocols - Ohta-Okamoto protocol as a representative of the zero knowledge protocols and SRP (Secure Remote Password), which represents password-based protocols. In both cases, the installation procedure is described following the analysis of their implementation (at the source code level) and then compared with the transmitted data captured by Wireshark. The SRP protocol is verified by AVISPA tool. There is summary of both protocols security analysis in the conclusion.

The P-3 service life extension program (SLEP) served to extend the P-3’s capabilities. The P-3 fulfilled a wide breadth of mission sets, ranging from overland ground troops support to littoral surveillance to hunting submarines. Answering the demand for multi-mission capability, the 24-year-old P-3 entered a sustained readiness program (SRP), extending its airframe from its current 29- year service life to its limited fatigue life of 38 years. Unexpected findings, however, arose during SRP. The P-3s had so much corrosion that SRP contract could not sustain the 221 aircraft fleet. As such, the aircraft went through a service life assessment program (SLAP) to determine not only the severity of the corrosion problem, but also the structural life remaining on the airframe. In addition, SLAP offered corrective structural remedies if the aircraft were suitable for SLEP. SLAP results were promising: The airframe can be extended by another lifetime. With new wings and a fatigue life management program, the P-3 could safely execute its missions for an additional two decades, satisfying the constant demand. Five years into SLEP, however, many P-3s were grounded due to out-of-tolerance wing cracks, leaving a third of its fleet on the ramp. This thesis analyzes the challenges of SLEP., http://archive.org/details/annalysisofusnav1094544020, Commander, United States Navy, Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.