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INTRODUCTION: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia and confers an increased risk of mortality, stroke, heart failure and cognitive decline. There is growing interest in AF screening; however, the most suitable population and device for AF detection remains to be elucidated. Here, we present the design of the CONSIDERING-AF (deteCtiON and Stroke preventIon by moDEl scRreenING for Atrial Fibrillation) study. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: CONSIDERING-AF is a randomised, controlled, siteless, non-blinded diagnostic superiority trial with four parallel groups and a primary endpoint of identifying AF during a 6-month study period set in Region Halland, Sweden. In each group, 740 individuals aged≥65 years will be included. The primary objective is to compare the intervention of AF screening enrichment using a risk prediction model (RPM), followed by 14 days of a continuous ECG patch, with no intervention (standard care). Primary outcome is defined as the incident AF recorded in the Region Halland Information Database after 6 months as compared with standard care. Secondary endpoints include the difference in incident AF between groups enriched or not by the RPM, with and without an invitation to 14 days of continuous ECG recording, and the proportions of oral anticoagulation treatment in the four groups. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study has ethical approval from the Swedish Ethical Review Authority. Results will be published in peer-reviewed international journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05838781. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ., Funding: Philips/BioTel (NA), Bristol Myers Squibb (NA) & Pfizer (NA)

Objectives To investigate the effect of catheter ablation (CA) on symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after 5 years, and analyze predictors of recurrence of symptoms. Background The primary indication for CA of atrial fibrillation (AF) is to reduce symptoms and improve HRQoL where long-term follow-up are sparse. Methods In this observational, long-term, single-center study, patients were recruited from Linkoping University Hospital, Sweden. They were aged >= 18 years and had been referred for CA from November 2011 until June 2019. Arrhythmia-specific symptoms and HRQoL were assessed by patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) with the Arrhythmia-Specific questionnaire in Tachycardia and Arrhythmia (ASTA). Results In the study were 1521 patients, 69% men, mean age 62 years. At baseline, 87% of the patients and at the 5-year follow-up 80% of those eligible filled out the ASTA questionnaire. At follow-up, 50% reported freedom from symptoms, 18% had >50% symptom reduction, 14% had a minor reduction, while 18% reported no effect or a worsening of symptoms. Factors predicting symptoms were female gender (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.8; 1.2-2.8), body mass index >= 35 (HR: 3.9; 1.6-9.8), and ischemic heart disease (IHD) (HR: 2.6; 1.2-5.9). After 5 years, breathlessness during activity, weakness/fatigue, and tiredness were still the most common symptoms; regarding HRQoL they were impaired physical ability and deteriorated life situation. Conclusions and Clinical Implications This clinical cohort of patients with AF evaluated through PROMs showed that CA had long-lasting effects on symptoms and HRQoL and that the use of PROMs in clinical routines was feasible. Factors predicting symptoms after CA were female gender, IHD, and obesity, an important reminder to encourage lifestyle management.

Objectives To investigate the effect of catheter ablation (CA) on symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after 5 years, and analyze predictors of recurrence of symptoms. Background The primary indication for CA of atrial fibrillation (AF) is to reduce symptoms and improve HRQoL where long-term follow-up are sparse. Methods In this observational, long-term, single-center study, patients were recruited from Linkoping University Hospital, Sweden. They were aged >= 18 years and had been referred for CA from November 2011 until June 2019. Arrhythmia-specific symptoms and HRQoL were assessed by patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) with the Arrhythmia-Specific questionnaire in Tachycardia and Arrhythmia (ASTA). Results In the study were 1521 patients, 69% men, mean age 62 years. At baseline, 87% of the patients and at the 5-year follow-up 80% of those eligible filled out the ASTA questionnaire. At follow-up, 50% reported freedom from symptoms, 18% had >50% symptom reduction, 14% had a minor reduction, while 18% reported no effect or a worsening of symptoms. Factors predicting symptoms were female gender (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.8; 1.2-2.8), body mass index >= 35 (HR: 3.9; 1.6-9.8), and ischemic heart disease (IHD) (HR: 2.6; 1.2-5.9). After 5 years, breathlessness during activity, weakness/fatigue, and tiredness were still the most common symptoms; regarding HRQoL they were impaired physical ability and deteriorated life situation. Conclusions and Clinical Implications This clinical cohort of patients with AF evaluated through PROMs showed that CA had long-lasting effects on symptoms and HRQoL and that the use of PROMs in clinical routines was feasible. Factors predicting symptoms after CA were female gender, IHD, and obesity, an important reminder to encourage lifestyle management.

Objectives To investigate the effect of catheter ablation (CA) on symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after 5 years, and analyze predictors of recurrence of symptoms. Background The primary indication for CA of atrial fibrillation (AF) is to reduce symptoms and improve HRQoL where long-term follow-up are sparse. Methods In this observational, long-term, single-center study, patients were recruited from Linkoping University Hospital, Sweden. They were aged >= 18 years and had been referred for CA from November 2011 until June 2019. Arrhythmia-specific symptoms and HRQoL were assessed by patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) with the Arrhythmia-Specific questionnaire in Tachycardia and Arrhythmia (ASTA). Results In the study were 1521 patients, 69% men, mean age 62 years. At baseline, 87% of the patients and at the 5-year follow-up 80% of those eligible filled out the ASTA questionnaire. At follow-up, 50% reported freedom from symptoms, 18% had >50% symptom reduction, 14% had a minor reduction, while 18% reported no effect or a worsening of symptoms. Factors predicting symptoms were female gender (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.8; 1.2-2.8), body mass index >= 35 (HR: 3.9; 1.6-9.8), and ischemic heart disease (IHD) (HR: 2.6; 1.2-5.9). After 5 years, breathlessness during activity, weakness/fatigue, and tiredness were still the most common symptoms; regarding HRQoL they were impaired physical ability and deteriorated life situation. Conclusions and Clinical Implications This clinical cohort of patients with AF evaluated through PROMs showed that CA had long-lasting effects on symptoms and HRQoL and that the use of PROMs in clinical routines was feasible. Factors predicting symptoms after CA were female gender, IHD, and obesity, an important reminder to encourage lifestyle management.

Objectives To investigate the effect of catheter ablation (CA) on symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after 5 years, and analyze predictors of recurrence of symptoms. Background The primary indication for CA of atrial fibrillation (AF) is to reduce symptoms and improve HRQoL where long-term follow-up are sparse. Methods In this observational, long-term, single-center study, patients were recruited from Linkoping University Hospital, Sweden. They were aged >= 18 years and had been referred for CA from November 2011 until June 2019. Arrhythmia-specific symptoms and HRQoL were assessed by patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) with the Arrhythmia-Specific questionnaire in Tachycardia and Arrhythmia (ASTA). Results In the study were 1521 patients, 69% men, mean age 62 years. At baseline, 87% of the patients and at the 5-year follow-up 80% of those eligible filled out the ASTA questionnaire. At follow-up, 50% reported freedom from symptoms, 18% had >50% symptom reduction, 14% had a minor reduction, while 18% reported no effect or a worsening of symptoms. Factors predicting symptoms were female gender (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.8; 1.2-2.8), body mass index >= 35 (HR: 3.9; 1.6-9.8), and ischemic heart disease (IHD) (HR: 2.6; 1.2-5.9). After 5 years, breathlessness during activity, weakness/fatigue, and tiredness were still the most common symptoms; regarding HRQoL they were impaired physical ability and deteriorated life situation. Conclusions and Clinical Implications This clinical cohort of patients with AF evaluated through PROMs showed that CA had long-lasting effects on symptoms and HRQoL and that the use of PROMs in clinical routines was feasible. Factors predicting symptoms after CA were female gender, IHD, and obesity, an important reminder to encourage lifestyle management.

Objectives To investigate the effect of catheter ablation (CA) on symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after 5 years, and analyze predictors of recurrence of symptoms. Background The primary indication for CA of atrial fibrillation (AF) is to reduce symptoms and improve HRQoL where long-term follow-up are sparse. Methods In this observational, long-term, single-center study, patients were recruited from Linkoping University Hospital, Sweden. They were aged >= 18 years and had been referred for CA from November 2011 until June 2019. Arrhythmia-specific symptoms and HRQoL were assessed by patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) with the Arrhythmia-Specific questionnaire in Tachycardia and Arrhythmia (ASTA). Results In the study were 1521 patients, 69% men, mean age 62 years. At baseline, 87% of the patients and at the 5-year follow-up 80% of those eligible filled out the ASTA questionnaire. At follow-up, 50% reported freedom from symptoms, 18% had >50% symptom reduction, 14% had a minor reduction, while 18% reported no effect or a worsening of symptoms. Factors predicting symptoms were female gender (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.8; 1.2-2.8), body mass index >= 35 (HR: 3.9; 1.6-9.8), and ischemic heart disease (IHD) (HR: 2.6; 1.2-5.9). After 5 years, breathlessness during activity, weakness/fatigue, and tiredness were still the most common symptoms; regarding HRQoL they were impaired physical ability and deteriorated life situation. Conclusions and Clinical Implications This clinical cohort of patients with AF evaluated through PROMs showed that CA had long-lasting effects on symptoms and HRQoL and that the use of PROMs in clinical routines was feasible. Factors predicting symptoms after CA were female gender, IHD, and obesity, an important reminder to encourage lifestyle management.

INTRODUCTION: Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) enable continuous monitoring of the heart rhythm. CIEDs constitute a unique opportunity for detecting arrhythmias, as the duration of cardiac monitoring is of the utmost importance for the detection rate. The CIED population consists mostly of patients from older age categories where risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF) are common. A dual-chamber device can detect and store episodes with a high atrial rate, i.e. atrial high-rate episodes (AHREs). AHREs confirmed to be AF, atrial flutter or focal atrial tachycardia are termed subclinical AF. Both terms refer to patients with no symptoms attributed to AF, with no previous diagnosis of clinical AF. These episodes of device-detected AF are associated with increased risk of ischaemic stroke, although the risk seems to be lower than in patients with documented clinical AF, and the benefit of oral anticoagulation (OAC) treatment in this population has not been established. Patients presenting with syncope represent a diagnostic challenge. Initial evaluation can provide the underlying mechanism in up to half of the patients. However, the mechanism remains unexplained in many patients, and long-term electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring with an implantable loop recorder (ILR) enables ECG recording at the time of syncope recurrence, which can reveal the underlying mechanism. The aim of this thesis is to highlight different aspects of arrhythmias diagnosed with CIEDs, both from a diagnostic and a therapeutic point of view. More specifically, it aims to describe the incidence of subclinical AF/AHREs in a pacemaker population, along with its OAC treatment, and the incidence of ischaemic stroke and vascular dementia. In addition, it will explore the role of the baseline 12-lead ECG in predicting the syncope mechanism during ILR monitoring, and whether age and gender impact the evaluation before the implantation and subsequent diagnostic yield of the ILR. Finally, the

INTRODUCTION: Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) enable continuous monitoring of the heart rhythm. CIEDs constitute a unique opportunity for detecting arrhythmias, as the duration of cardiac monitoring is of the utmost importance for the detection rate. The CIED population consists mostly of patients from older age categories where risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF) are common. A dual-chamber device can detect and store episodes with a high atrial rate, i.e. atrial high-rate episodes (AHREs). AHREs confirmed to be AF, atrial flutter or focal atrial tachycardia are termed subclinical AF. Both terms refer to patients with no symptoms attributed to AF, with no previous diagnosis of clinical AF. These episodes of device-detected AF are associated with increased risk of ischaemic stroke, although the risk seems to be lower than in patients with documented clinical AF, and the benefit of oral anticoagulation (OAC) treatment in this population has not been established. Patients presenting with syncope represent a diagnostic challenge. Initial evaluation can provide the underlying mechanism in up to half of the patients. However, the mechanism remains unexplained in many patients, and long-term electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring with an implantable loop recorder (ILR) enables ECG recording at the time of syncope recurrence, which can reveal the underlying mechanism. The aim of this thesis is to highlight different aspects of arrhythmias diagnosed with CIEDs, both from a diagnostic and a therapeutic point of view. More specifically, it aims to describe the incidence of subclinical AF/AHREs in a pacemaker population, along with its OAC treatment, and the incidence of ischaemic stroke and vascular dementia. In addition, it will explore the role of the baseline 12-lead ECG in predicting the syncope mechanism during ILR monitoring, and whether age and gender impact the evaluation before the implantation and subsequent diagnostic yield of the ILR. Finally, the

INTRODUCTION: Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) enable continuous monitoring of the heart rhythm. CIEDs constitute a unique opportunity for detecting arrhythmias, as the duration of cardiac monitoring is of the utmost importance for the detection rate. The CIED population consists mostly of patients from older age categories where risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF) are common. A dual-chamber device can detect and store episodes with a high atrial rate, i.e. atrial high-rate episodes (AHREs). AHREs confirmed to be AF, atrial flutter or focal atrial tachycardia are termed subclinical AF. Both terms refer to patients with no symptoms attributed to AF, with no previous diagnosis of clinical AF. These episodes of device-detected AF are associated with increased risk of ischaemic stroke, although the risk seems to be lower than in patients with documented clinical AF, and the benefit of oral anticoagulation (OAC) treatment in this population has not been established. Patients presenting with syncope represent a diagnostic challenge. Initial evaluation can provide the underlying mechanism in up to half of the patients. However, the mechanism remains unexplained in many patients, and long-term electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring with an implantable loop recorder (ILR) enables ECG recording at the time of syncope recurrence, which can reveal the underlying mechanism. The aim of this thesis is to highlight different aspects of arrhythmias diagnosed with CIEDs, both from a diagnostic and a therapeutic point of view. More specifically, it aims to describe the incidence of subclinical AF/AHREs in a pacemaker population, along with its OAC treatment, and the incidence of ischaemic stroke and vascular dementia. In addition, it will explore the role of the baseline 12-lead ECG in predicting the syncope mechanism during ILR monitoring, and whether age and gender impact the evaluation before the implantation and subsequent diagnostic yield of the ILR. Finally, the

INTRODUCTION: Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) enable continuous monitoring of the heart rhythm. CIEDs constitute a unique opportunity for detecting arrhythmias, as the duration of cardiac monitoring is of the utmost importance for the detection rate. The CIED population consists mostly of patients from older age categories where risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF) are common. A dual-chamber device can detect and store episodes with a high atrial rate, i.e. atrial high-rate episodes (AHREs). AHREs confirmed to be AF, atrial flutter or focal atrial tachycardia are termed subclinical AF. Both terms refer to patients with no symptoms attributed to AF, with no previous diagnosis of clinical AF. These episodes of device-detected AF are associated with increased risk of ischaemic stroke, although the risk seems to be lower than in patients with documented clinical AF, and the benefit of oral anticoagulation (OAC) treatment in this population has not been established. Patients presenting with syncope represent a diagnostic challenge. Initial evaluation can provide the underlying mechanism in up to half of the patients. However, the mechanism remains unexplained in many patients, and long-term electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring with an implantable loop recorder (ILR) enables ECG recording at the time of syncope recurrence, which can reveal the underlying mechanism. The aim of this thesis is to highlight different aspects of arrhythmias diagnosed with CIEDs, both from a diagnostic and a therapeutic point of view. More specifically, it aims to describe the incidence of subclinical AF/AHREs in a pacemaker population, along with its OAC treatment, and the incidence of ischaemic stroke and vascular dementia. In addition, it will explore the role of the baseline 12-lead ECG in predicting the syncope mechanism during ILR monitoring, and whether age and gender impact the evaluation before the implantation and subsequent diagnostic yield of the ILR. Finally, the

INTRODUCTION: Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) enable continuous monitoring of the heart rhythm. CIEDs constitute a unique opportunity for detecting arrhythmias, as the duration of cardiac monitoring is of the utmost importance for the detection rate. The CIED population consists mostly of patients from older age categories where risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF) are common. A dual-chamber device can detect and store episodes with a high atrial rate, i.e. atrial high-rate episodes (AHREs). AHREs confirmed to be AF, atrial flutter or focal atrial tachycardia are termed subclinical AF. Both terms refer to patients with no symptoms attributed to AF, with no previous diagnosis of clinical AF. These episodes of device-detected AF are associated with increased risk of ischaemic stroke, although the risk seems to be lower than in patients with documented clinical AF, and the benefit of oral anticoagulation (OAC) treatment in this population has not been established. Patients presenting with syncope represent a diagnostic challenge. Initial evaluation can provide the underlying mechanism in up to half of the patients. However, the mechanism remains unexplained in many patients, and long-term electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring with an implantable loop recorder (ILR) enables ECG recording at the time of syncope recurrence, which can reveal the underlying mechanism. The aim of this thesis is to highlight different aspects of arrhythmias diagnosed with CIEDs, both from a diagnostic and a therapeutic point of view. More specifically, it aims to describe the incidence of subclinical AF/AHREs in a pacemaker population, along with its OAC treatment, and the incidence of ischaemic stroke and vascular dementia. In addition, it will explore the role of the baseline 12-lead ECG in predicting the syncope mechanism during ILR monitoring, and whether age and gender impact the evaluation before the implantation and subsequent diagnostic yield of the ILR. Finally, the

INTRODUCTION: Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) enable continuous monitoring of the heart rhythm. CIEDs constitute a unique opportunity for detecting arrhythmias, as the duration of cardiac monitoring is of the utmost importance for the detection rate. The CIED population consists mostly of patients from older age categories where risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF) are common. A dual-chamber device can detect and store episodes with a high atrial rate, i.e. atrial high-rate episodes (AHREs). AHREs confirmed to be AF, atrial flutter or focal atrial tachycardia are termed subclinical AF. Both terms refer to patients with no symptoms attributed to AF, with no previous diagnosis of clinical AF. These episodes of device-detected AF are associated with increased risk of ischaemic stroke, although the risk seems to be lower than in patients with documented clinical AF, and the benefit of oral anticoagulation (OAC) treatment in this population has not been established. Patients presenting with syncope represent a diagnostic challenge. Initial evaluation can provide the underlying mechanism in up to half of the patients. However, the mechanism remains unexplained in many patients, and long-term electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring with an implantable loop recorder (ILR) enables ECG recording at the time of syncope recurrence, which can reveal the underlying mechanism. The aim of this thesis is to highlight different aspects of arrhythmias diagnosed with CIEDs, both from a diagnostic and a therapeutic point of view. More specifically, it aims to describe the incidence of subclinical AF/AHREs in a pacemaker population, along with its OAC treatment, and the incidence of ischaemic stroke and vascular dementia. In addition, it will explore the role of the baseline 12-lead ECG in predicting the syncope mechanism during ILR monitoring, and whether age and gender impact the evaluation before the implantation and subsequent diagnostic yield of the ILR. Finally, the

INTRODUCTION: Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) enable continuous monitoring of the heart rhythm. CIEDs constitute a unique opportunity for detecting arrhythmias, as the duration of cardiac monitoring is of the utmost importance for the detection rate. The CIED population consists mostly of patients from older age categories where risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF) are common. A dual-chamber device can detect and store episodes with a high atrial rate, i.e. atrial high-rate episodes (AHREs). AHREs confirmed to be AF, atrial flutter or focal atrial tachycardia are termed subclinical AF. Both terms refer to patients with no symptoms attributed to AF, with no previous diagnosis of clinical AF. These episodes of device-detected AF are associated with increased risk of ischaemic stroke, although the risk seems to be lower than in patients with documented clinical AF, and the benefit of oral anticoagulation (OAC) treatment in this population has not been established. Patients presenting with syncope represent a diagnostic challenge. Initial evaluation can provide the underlying mechanism in up to half of the patients. However, the mechanism remains unexplained in many patients, and long-term electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring with an implantable loop recorder (ILR) enables ECG recording at the time of syncope recurrence, which can reveal the underlying mechanism. The aim of this thesis is to highlight different aspects of arrhythmias diagnosed with CIEDs, both from a diagnostic and a therapeutic point of view. More specifically, it aims to describe the incidence of subclinical AF/AHREs in a pacemaker population, along with its OAC treatment, and the incidence of ischaemic stroke and vascular dementia. In addition, it will explore the role of the baseline 12-lead ECG in predicting the syncope mechanism during ILR monitoring, and whether age and gender impact the evaluation before the implantation and subsequent diagnostic yield of the ILR. Finally, the

INTRODUCTION: Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) enable continuous monitoring of the heart rhythm. CIEDs constitute a unique opportunity for detecting arrhythmias, as the duration of cardiac monitoring is of the utmost importance for the detection rate. The CIED population consists mostly of patients from older age categories where risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF) are common. A dual-chamber device can detect and store episodes with a high atrial rate, i.e. atrial high-rate episodes (AHREs). AHREs confirmed to be AF, atrial flutter or focal atrial tachycardia are termed subclinical AF. Both terms refer to patients with no symptoms attributed to AF, with no previous diagnosis of clinical AF. These episodes of device-detected AF are associated with increased risk of ischaemic stroke, although the risk seems to be lower than in patients with documented clinical AF, and the benefit of oral anticoagulation (OAC) treatment in this population has not been established. Patients presenting with syncope represent a diagnostic challenge. Initial evaluation can provide the underlying mechanism in up to half of the patients. However, the mechanism remains unexplained in many patients, and long-term electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring with an implantable loop recorder (ILR) enables ECG recording at the time of syncope recurrence, which can reveal the underlying mechanism. The aim of this thesis is to highlight different aspects of arrhythmias diagnosed with CIEDs, both from a diagnostic and a therapeutic point of view. More specifically, it aims to describe the incidence of subclinical AF/AHREs in a pacemaker population, along with its OAC treatment, and the incidence of ischaemic stroke and vascular dementia. In addition, it will explore the role of the baseline 12-lead ECG in predicting the syncope mechanism during ILR monitoring, and whether age and gender impact the evaluation before the implantation and subsequent diagnostic yield of the ILR. Finally, the

Premature ventricular complex (PVC) is common in the general population. Symptoms vary from none to pronounced. The prognostic significance of PVCs depends on the presence of underlying structural heart disease. The clinical evaluation in patients with PVC aims at excluding structural heart disease and usually involves transthoracic echocardiogram and Holter. Patients without structural heart disease usually have a good prognosis. Frequent PVCs may cause impaired left ventricular function, which usually is reversible after treatment with drugs or ablation. A 12-lead ECG provides important information about PVC localization, however anatomical factors such as the hearts localization in the thorax as well as electrode placement and pharmacological treatment may affect the ECG appearance. In symptomatic patients with or without left ventricular impairment, pharmacological treatment or catheter ablation is indicated. However, in most cases the main goal is to reasure the patient of the good prognosis. To summarize, treatment of choice depends on symptoms, comorbidities, left ventricular function and patients choice., Ventrikulära extraslag (VES) är vanliga och förekommer hos patienter med eller utan strukturell hjärtsjukdom. Deras prognostiska betydelse är kopplad till eventuellunderliggande hjärtsjukdom. En basal utredning inbegriper ekokardiografi samt Holter-EKG för kvantifieringav VES-börda och symtomkorrelation. Prognosen är god i frånvaro av strukturell hjärtsjukdom. Vid förekomst av kardiell påverkan eller symtomföreligger indikation för behandling med läkemedel ellerkateterablation. 12-avlednings-EKG ger bra informationom var i hjärtat extraslagen har sitt ursprung. För dets tora flertalet gäller exspektans med information om eni regel god prognos.

Denna studie visar utbetalningspolitiken hos företag noterade på Stockholmsbörsen år 2000-2015. Svensk utbetalningspolitik skiljer sig från utbetalningspolitiken i USA och inom EU. I Sverige fick återköp som utbetalningsform stor genomslagskraft år 2000 men trots detta är utdelningar fortsatt den dominerande utbetalningsformen idag. Vid en uppdelning i finansiella och industriella företag blir det tydligt att finansiella företag fått en allt mer betydelsefull roll inom svensk utbetalningspolitik. En ökad koncentration av det kassaflöde samtliga företag fördelar till aktieägare tycks inte kunna urskiljas på den svenska marknaden. Skiljer man på finansiella och industriella företag går det att se en ökad koncentration av det kassaflöde som fördelas av finansiella företag. År 2015 finns en stor andel mogna företag på Stockholmsbörsen vilket förklarar att total utbetalning av företag har ökat sedan 2000. Det framkommer genom att studera företagens kapitalstruktur och fas i den ekonomiska livscykeln., This paper depicts payout policies of companies listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange (SSE) 2000-2015. Payout policy in Sweden differs significantly from policy in the U.S. and the rest of the EU. In Sweden open market stock repurchases (OMR) came to be the dominant method of payout back in 2000. However, since then dividends have taken over the scene. Comparing financial and industrial corporations, makes it evident that financial corporations have come to gain prominence when it comes to shaping payout policy. It is not possible to entail an increasing concentration of cash flow that companies distribute to shareholders, when investigating the entire Swedish stock market. Dividing between the two sectors proves a heightened concentration of payouts among financial corporations. In 2015 mature companies have come to gain a greater share of SSE, which explains the increased number of dividend paying corporations since 2000. This becomes evident when examining the capital structure of the companies and their phase in the economic lifecycle.

Denna studie visar utbetalningspolitiken hos företag noterade på Stockholmsbörsen år 2000-2015. Svensk utbetalningspolitik skiljer sig från utbetalningspolitiken i USA och inom EU. I Sverige fick återköp som utbetalningsform stor genomslagskraft år 2000 men trots detta är utdelningar fortsatt den dominerande utbetalningsformen idag. Vid en uppdelning i finansiella och industriella företag blir det tydligt att finansiella företag fått en allt mer betydelsefull roll inom svensk utbetalningspolitik. En ökad koncentration av det kassaflöde samtliga företag fördelar till aktieägare tycks inte kunna urskiljas på den svenska marknaden. Skiljer man på finansiella och industriella företag går det att se en ökad koncentration av det kassaflöde som fördelas av finansiella företag. År 2015 finns en stor andel mogna företag på Stockholmsbörsen vilket förklarar att total utbetalning av företag har ökat sedan 2000. Det framkommer genom att studera företagens kapitalstruktur och fas i den ekonomiska livscykeln., This paper depicts payout policies of companies listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange (SSE) 2000-2015. Payout policy in Sweden differs significantly from policy in the U.S. and the rest of the EU. In Sweden open market stock repurchases (OMR) came to be the dominant method of payout back in 2000. However, since then dividends have taken over the scene. Comparing financial and industrial corporations, makes it evident that financial corporations have come to gain prominence when it comes to shaping payout policy. It is not possible to entail an increasing concentration of cash flow that companies distribute to shareholders, when investigating the entire Swedish stock market. Dividing between the two sectors proves a heightened concentration of payouts among financial corporations. In 2015 mature companies have come to gain a greater share of SSE, which explains the increased number of dividend paying corporations since 2000. This becomes evident when examining the capital structure of the companies and their phase in the economic lifecycle.

Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva samt skapa en djupare förståelse för hur barns sociala interaktion gestaltas i den fria leken kring en klätterställning på en förskola. Studien bygger på fem icke deltagande observationer, där barns sociala interaktioner kring klätterställningen har dokumenterats. Frågeställningarna vi har utgått ifrån är:•Hur kommer barns sociala interaktioner till uttryck inom kamratkulturerna kring klätterställningen? •Vilka tillvägagångssätt använder barnen sig av i den fria leken inom kamratkulturen?Resultatet av denna studie uppvisade ett mönster, hur kamratkulturen styrdes av en informell ledare. Utifrån empirin synliggjordes tre påverkande faktorer för den sociala interaktionen inom kamratkulturen. Slutsatsen av denna studie är att makt, ålder och vänskap är de tre påverkande faktorerna i barnens sociala interaktion inom kamratkulturen. Barnen tillämpade de tre faktorerna och olika tillträdesstrategier för att inkludera och exkludera andra barn i den fria leken inom kamratkulturen.

Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva samt skapa en djupare förståelse för hur barns sociala interaktion gestaltas i den fria leken kring en klätterställning på en förskola. Studien bygger på fem icke deltagande observationer, där barns sociala interaktioner kring klätterställningen har dokumenterats. Frågeställningarna vi har utgått ifrån är:•Hur kommer barns sociala interaktioner till uttryck inom kamratkulturerna kring klätterställningen? •Vilka tillvägagångssätt använder barnen sig av i den fria leken inom kamratkulturen?Resultatet av denna studie uppvisade ett mönster, hur kamratkulturen styrdes av en informell ledare. Utifrån empirin synliggjordes tre påverkande faktorer för den sociala interaktionen inom kamratkulturen. Slutsatsen av denna studie är att makt, ålder och vänskap är de tre påverkande faktorerna i barnens sociala interaktion inom kamratkulturen. Barnen tillämpade de tre faktorerna och olika tillträdesstrategier för att inkludera och exkludera andra barn i den fria leken inom kamratkulturen.

In a world where every inch of work and every bit of performance is measured by the quantity rather than the quality there is a stress factor for humans. In social work where woman are overrepresented burnout or stress syndromes are over representative in diagnosis from sick leave. When these people can’t get the work-life balance together it sometimes ends up in exhausting decease, this mental decease effects people different but all of them use strategies, good or bad, to try and live with and overcome it. This candidate paper reaches out to investigated the strategies used by these woman to overcome and deal with the workload they are experiencing, both off and on work.

In a world where every inch of work and every bit of performance is measured by the quantity rather than the quality there is a stress factor for humans. In social work where woman are overrepresented burnout or stress syndromes are over representative in diagnosis from sick leave. When these people can’t get the work-life balance together it sometimes ends up in exhausting decease, this mental decease effects people different but all of them use strategies, good or bad, to try and live with and overcome it. This candidate paper reaches out to investigated the strategies used by these woman to overcome and deal with the workload they are experiencing, both off and on work.

The aim of this master’s thesis, as suggested by the title, is to study the usage of film in cultural history exhibitions. The subject arouse from queries such as: why are films so often included in cultural history exhibitions? And what do the films provide the visitors with? The thesis sees a distinct difference between the use of film in cultural history museums and the use of film in art museums or galleries. In art exhibitions film is most likely to be used as, and considered as art opposed to a tool for storytelling or information, which is more likely to be the case in cultural history museums. Furthermore, the field of study aimed at film as art or as part of art exhibitions is far more explored than that of film as part of cultural history exhibitions. In order to study films in cultural history exhibitions the following questions were asked: What purpose can film have in cultural history exhibitions? What do the films portrait for the museum visitors? How are the films integrated in the exhibitions? And what intentions do the curators and film directors have with the films? The examination of these questions took place through case studies at three different cultural history museums, and in addition trough interviews with the curators and film directors behind the exhibitions and films. The studies are performed at one municipal, one regional and one national museum, more precisely Trelleborg’s Museum, the Regional Museum in Kristianstad and the Naval Museum in Karlskrona. Since one hypothesis is that films in cultural history exhibitions have an educational purpose, the thesis is based on an interdisciplinary study between film studies and museology, mainly documentary film theory and museum pedagogy. The exhibitions contain different types of films, which give the study a varied basis. For example all three exhibitions contain archival footage. The Regional Museum and the Naval Museum have both employed documentary filmmakers to make films especially for

Hur bör en ny bebyggelse utformas i äldre bebyggelse? Svaret på denna fråga ska rapporten undersöka. Samt visa om det finns skilda åsikter av nybyggnation i befintliga kulturhistoriskt värdefulla miljöer, mellan olika grupper av människor. Catharina Sternudds doktorsavhandling har varit en inspiration för rapportens arbete. Bilder av småstaden – om estetisk värdering av en stadstyp från 2007 tar upp liknande frågeställning som detta examensarbete. Den metod som används för att få reda på skillnader mellan fackmän och allmänhet är i form av en enkätundersökning. Illustrerade förslag på nybyggnation i en äldre miljö tas fram för att användas i enkäten där bästa och sämsta förslag kan väljas. Utifrån de data undersökningen resulterat i görs en sammanställning i diagram. Värderingskriterier såsom skala och färg undersöks och jämförs med C. Sternudds resultat. Skillnader mellan åsikter mellan de olika urvalsgrupperna diskuteras. Slutsats av dessa samt egna reflektioner presenteras.

Hur bör en ny bebyggelse utformas i äldre bebyggelse? Svaret på denna fråga ska rapporten undersöka. Samt visa om det finns skilda åsikter av nybyggnation i befintliga kulturhistoriskt värdefulla miljöer, mellan olika grupper av människor. Catharina Sternudds doktorsavhandling har varit en inspiration för rapportens arbete. Bilder av småstaden – om estetisk värdering av en stadstyp från 2007 tar upp liknande frågeställning som detta examensarbete. Den metod som används för att få reda på skillnader mellan fackmän och allmänhet är i form av en enkätundersökning. Illustrerade förslag på nybyggnation i en äldre miljö tas fram för att användas i enkäten där bästa och sämsta förslag kan väljas. Utifrån de data undersökningen resulterat i görs en sammanställning i diagram. Värderingskriterier såsom skala och färg undersöks och jämförs med C. Sternudds resultat. Skillnader mellan åsikter mellan de olika urvalsgrupperna diskuteras. Slutsats av dessa samt egna reflektioner presenteras.

The purpose of this essay is to find out how director David Lynchs films can be described as a part of the postmodern film theory. Is David Lynch a director who is style-forming for postmodern film, or has he in fact adapted his film-making to the style as it has progressed? Relying on the works of Fredric Jameson and Linda Hutcheon, I first give a brief summary of the postmodern esthetics. Then using a more in-depht analysis of three of David Lynchs films (Blue Velvet, Lost Highway and Mulholland Drive) I try to find postmodern stylistic characteristics in his productions. Finally, I discuss David Lynchs usage of postmodern esthetics throughout his films.

I denna uppsats undersöks något helt nytt inom den populära biografifilmen. I Todd Haynes film "I'm Not There" porträtterar sex olika skådespelare sju olika faser i Bob Dylans liv och karriär. Att låta flera aktörer och/eller aktriser spela samma karaktär är ett högst ovanligt drag i filmens värld. Med detta som utgångspunkt görs en analys och diskussion av filmen som förankras i dokumentärfilmsteori, ironiteori, tidigare skildringar av Dylan och det postmoderna samhället.