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A description is provided of the structure, contents, and potential uses of a National Storehouse of Educational Materials Successes. The Storehouse is depicted as being a collection of evidence relating to what works in education. Details are presented on its contents, its expected users, the functions it could serve, and its operational and organizational features. Six organizational models are discussed and an appendix is included which gives some selected examples of the Storehouse's components. (PB)

The increased interest in using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as a platform for biopharmaceuticals has led to the need for new analytical techniques that can precisely assess physicochemical properties of these large and very complex drugs for the purpose of correctly identifying quality attributes (QA). One QA, higher order structure (HOS), is unique to biopharmaceuticals and essential for establishing consistency in biopharmaceutical manufacturing, detecting process-related variations from manufacturing changes and establishing comparability between biologic products. To address this measurement challenge, two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2D-NMR) methods were introduced that allow for the precise atomic-level comparison of the HOS between two proteins, including mAbs. Here, an inter-laboratory comparison involving 26 industrial, government and academic laboratories worldwide was performed as a benchmark using the NISTmAb, from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), to facilitate the translation of the 2D-NMR method into routine use for biopharmaceutical product development. Two-dimensional 1H,15N and 1H,13C NMR spectra were acquired with harmonized experimental protocols on the unlabeled Fab domain and a uniformly enriched-15N, 20%-13C-enriched system suitability sample derived from the NISTmAb. Chemometric analyses from over 400 spectral maps acquired on 39 different NMR spectrometers ranging from 500 MHz to 900 MHz demonstrate spectral fingerprints that are fit-for-purpose for the assessment of HOS. The 2D-NMR method is shown to provide the measurement reliability needed to move the technique from an emerging technology to a harmonized, routine measurement that can be generally applied with great confidence to high precision assessments of the HOS of mAb-based biotherapeutics.

Microtubules are filamentous structures necessary for cell division, motility and morphology, with dynamics critically regulated by microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). Here we outline the molecular mechanism by which the MAP, COMPANION OF CELLULOSE SYNTHASE1 (CC1), controls microtubule bundling and dynamics to sustain plant growth under salt stress. CC1 contains an intrinsically disordered N-terminus that links microtubules at evenly distributed points through four conserved hydrophobic regions. By NMR and live cell analyses we reveal that two neighboring residues in the first hydrophobic binding motif are crucial for the microtubule interaction. The microtubule-binding mechanism of CC1 is reminiscent to that of the prominent neuropathology-related protein Tau, indicating evolutionary convergence of MAP functions across animal and plant cells.

Developments in and applications of non-explosive mining methods are reviewed including cutting with bucket wheel excavators, breaking, horizontal ripping, vertical ripping, horizontal surface milling and vertical milling. The techniques were evaluated in relation to process engineering and economic and environmental considerations and compared with drilling and blasting. The results show that cutting, vertical ripping, drilling and blasting are the best methods in relation to cost-effectiveness and environmental impact., Developments in and applications of non-explosive mining methods are reviewed including cutting with bucket wheel excavators, breaking, horizontal ripping, vertical ripping, horizontal surface milling and vertical milling. The techniques were evaluated in relation to process engineering and economic and environmental considerations and compared with drilling and blasting. The results show that cutting, vertical ripping, drilling and blasting are the best methods in relation to cost-effectiveness and environmental impact.

A method is described for selecting environmentally friendly mining techniques. A flow-sheet is presented for the selection process based on deposit properties (geometry, rock properties), raw materials required (t/hour) and additional conditions relating to the minimisation of environmental effects such as noise, dust, vibration, CO2 equivalent, SO2 equivalent, cumulative energy input and temporary use of land. The method was applied to determine the production costs and environmental effects of drilling and blasting, vertical ripping (hydraulic excavator), cutting (bucket wheel excavator), breaking (hydraulic hammer), horizontal ripping (bulldozer), horizontal milling (surface miner) and vertical milling (face miner).The results show that the differences in environmental impact of the techniques are much greater for remote open-cast mines than for those near a built-up area., A method is described for selecting environmentally friendly mining techniques. A flow-sheet is presented for the selection process based on deposit properties (geometry, rock properties), raw materials required (t/hour) and additional conditions relating to the minimisation of environmental effects such as noise, dust, vibration, CO2 equivalent, SO2 equivalent, cumulative energy input and temporary use of land. The method was applied to determine the production costs and environmental effects of drilling and blasting, vertical ripping (hydraulic excavator), cutting (bucket wheel excavator), breaking (hydraulic hammer), horizontal ripping (bulldozer), horizontal milling (surface miner) and vertical milling (face miner).The results show that the differences in environmental impact of the techniques are much greater for remote open-cast mines than for those near a built-up area.

A methodology is presented for determining the environmental friendliness which takes into account technical/technological and economic/commercial factors. Six mining techniques, in addition to drilling and blasting, were examined with regard to production costs and environmental effects caused by SO2, CO2, cumulative energy input, noise, vibration and dust using a model of a deposit in a fissured rock formation with a pressure resistance of 20 MPa. The data were scaled and fed into an evaluation matrix and the results assessed for an open-cast mine close to a sensitive area (a town or village) and a remote open-cast mine. Vertical ripping, drilling and blasting and cutting were shown to be the most cost-effective mining techniques and also the most environmentally friendly ones in operations with a production capacity of 300 000 t/a., A methodology is presented for determining the environmental friendliness which takes into account technical/technological and economic/commercial factors. Six mining techniques, in addition to drilling and blasting, were examined with regard to production costs and environmental effects caused by SO2, CO2, cumulative energy input, noise, vibration and dust using a model of a deposit in a fissured rock formation with a pressure resistance of 20 MPa. The data were scaled and fed into an evaluation matrix and the results assessed for an open-cast mine close to a sensitive area (a town or village) and a remote open-cast mine. Vertical ripping, drilling and blasting and cutting were shown to be the most cost-effective mining techniques and also the most environmentally friendly ones in operations with a production capacity of 300 000 t/a.

In 2001 Germany producted 3 500 000 tonnes of gypsum. Possible alternative mining methods are modelled and their costs and environmental impacts compared. The methods/equipment considered are: drilling and blasting; surface miners; continuous miners; ripping (horizontal); ripping (vertical); and hydraulic hammers. Impacts quantified are emissions of dust, SO2 equivalent and CO2 equivalent, noise and the cumulated energy requirement., In 2001 Germany producted 3 500 000 tonnes of gypsum. Possible alternative mining methods are modelled and their costs and environmental impacts compared. The methods/equipment considered are: drilling and blasting; surface miners; continuous miners; ripping (horizontal); ripping (vertical); and hydraulic hammers. Impacts quantified are emissions of dust, SO2 equivalent and CO2 equivalent, noise and the cumulated energy requirement.