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Prototype-based languages like JavaScript are susceptible to prototype pollution vulnerabilities, enabling an attacker to inject arbitrary properties into an object's prototype. The attacker can subsequently capitalize on the injected properties by executing otherwise benign pieces of code, so-called gadgets, that perform security-sensitive operations. The success of an attack largely depends on the presence of gadgets, leading to high-profile exploits such as privilege escalation and arbitrary code execution (ACE). This paper proposes Dasty, the first semi-automated pipeline to help developers identify gadgets in their applications' software supply chain. Dasty targets server-side Node.js applications and relies on an enhancement of dynamic taint analysis which we implement with the dynamic AST-level instrumentation. Moreover, Dasty provides support for visualization of code flows with an IDE, thus facilitating the subsequent manual analysis for building proof-of-concept exploits. To illustrate the danger of gadgets, we use Dasty in a study of the most dependent-upon NPM packages to analyze the presence of gadgets leading to ACE. Dasty identifies 1,269 server-side packages, of which 631 have code flows that may reach dangerous sinks. We manually prioritize and verify the candidate flows to build proof-of-concept exploits for 49 NPM packages, including popular packages such as ejs, nodemailer and workerpool. To investigate how Dasty integrates with existing tools to find end-to-end exploits, we conduct an in-depth analysis of a popular data visualization dashboard to find one high-severity CVE-2023-31415 leading to remote code execution., QC 20240613Part of ISBN 979-840070171-9

Simple Summary This study tackles the genetic aspects of the risk of sperm damage and related impaired fertility when handling frozen–thawed bull semen for artificial insemination. To this end, we performed genomic association analysis to identify relevant genetic markers and candidate genes associated with various abnormalities in frozen–thawed Holstein cattle sperm. The results provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying sperm morphology and abnormalities after cryopreservation. Further research is needed to explore causative genetic variants and implement these findings to improve animal reproduction and breeding. Abstract Cryopreservation is a widely used method of semen conservation in animal breeding programs. This process, however, can have a detrimental effect on sperm quality, especially in terms of its morphology. The resultant sperm disorders raise the risk of reduced sperm fertilizing ability, which poses a serious threat to the long-term efficacy of livestock reproduction and breeding. Understanding the genetic factors underlying these effects is critical for maintaining sperm quality during cryopreservation, and for animal fertility in general. In this regard, we performed a genome-wide association study to identify genomic regions associated with various cryopreservation sperm abnormalities in Holstein cattle, using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers via a high-density genotyping assay. Our analysis revealed a significant association of specific SNPs and candidate genes with absence of acrosomes, damaged cell necks and tails, as well as wrinkled acrosomes and decreased motility of cryopreserved sperm. As a result, we identified candidate genes such as POU6F2, LPCAT4, DPYD, SLC39A12 and CACNB2, as well as microRNAs (bta-mir-137 and bta-mir-2420) that may play a critical role in sperm morphology and disorders. These findings provide crucial information on the molecular mechanisms underlying acrosome integrity, motility

The worldwide chicken gene pool encompasses a remarkable, but shrinking, number of divergently selected breeds of diverse origin. This study was a large-scale genome-wide analysis of the landscape of the complex molecular architecture, genetic variability, and detailed structure among 49 populations. These populations represent a significant sample of the world's chicken breeds from Europe (Russia, Czech Republic, France, Spain, UK, etc.), Asia (China), North America (USA), and Oceania (Australia). Based on the results of breed genotyping using the Illumina 60K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip, a bioinformatic analysis was carried out. This included the calculation of heterozygosity/homozygosity statistics, inbreeding coefficients, and effective population size. It also included assessment of linkage disequilibrium and construction of phylogenetic trees. Using multidimensional scaling, principal component analysis, and ADMIXTURE-assisted global ancestry analysis, we explored the genetic structure of populations and subpopulations in each breed. An overall 49-population phylogeny analysis was also performed, and a refined evolutionary model of chicken breed formation was proposed, which included egg, meat, dual-purpose types, and ambiguous breeds. Such a large-scale survey of genetic resources in poultry farming using modern genomic methods is of great interest both from the viewpoint of a general understanding of the genetics of the domestic chicken and for the further development of genomic technologies and approaches in poultry breeding. In general, whole genome SNP genotyping of promising chicken breeds from the worldwide gene pool will promote the further development of modern genomic science as applied to poultry.

All-optical tunability of semiconductor metasurfaces offers unique opportunities for novel time-varying effects, including frequency conversion and light trapping. However, the all-optical processes often induce optical absorption that fundamentally limits the possible dynamic increase of their quality factor (Q-boosting). Here, we propose and numerically demonstrate the concept of large Q-boosting in a single-material metasurface by dynamically reducing its structural anisotropy on a femtosecond timescale. This balance is achieved by excitation with a structured pump and takes advantage of the band-filling effect in a GaAs direct-bandgap semiconductor to eliminate the free-carrier-induced loss. We show that this approach allows a dynamic boosting of the resonance quality factor over orders of magnitude, only limited by the free-carrier relaxation processes. The proposed approach offers complete dynamic control over the resonance bandwidth and opens applications in frequency conversion and light trapping.

On-chip photonic processors for neural networks have potential benefits in both speed and energy efficiency but have not yet reached the scale at which they can outperform electronic processors. The dominant paradigm for designing on-chip photonics is to make networks of relatively bulky discrete components connected by one-dimensional waveguides. A far more compact alternative is to avoid explicitly defining any components and instead sculpt the continuous substrate of the photonic processor to directly perform the computation using waves freely propagating in two dimensions. We propose and demonstrate a device whose refractive index as a function of space, $n(x,z)$, can be rapidly reprogrammed, allowing arbitrary control over the wave propagation in the device. Our device, a 2D-programmable waveguide, combines photoconductive gain with the electro-optic effect to achieve massively parallel modulation of the refractive index of a slab waveguide, with an index modulation depth of $10^{-3}$ and approximately $10^4$ programmable degrees of freedom. We used a prototype device with a functional area of $12\,\text{mm}^2$ to perform neural-network inference with up to 49-dimensional input vectors in a single pass, achieving 96% accuracy on vowel classification and 86% accuracy on $7 \times 7$-pixel MNIST handwritten-digit classification. This is a scale beyond that of previous photonic chips relying on discrete components, illustrating the benefit of the continuous-waves paradigm. In principle, with large enough chip area, the reprogrammability of the device's refractive index distribution enables the reconfigurable realization of any passive, linear photonic circuit or device. This promises the development of more compact and versatile photonic systems for a wide range of applications, including optical processing, smart sensing, spectroscopy, and optical communications.

Product search is uniquely different from search for documents, Internet resources or vacancies, therefore it requires the development of specialized search systems. The present work describes the H1 embdedding model, designed for an offline term indexing of product descriptions at e-commerce platforms. The model is compared to other state-of-the-art (SoTA) embedding models within a framework of hybrid product search system that incorporates the advantages of lexical methods for product retrieval and semantic embedding-based methods. We propose an approach to building semantically rich term vocabularies for search indexes. Compared to other production semantic models, H1 paired with the proposed approach stands out due to its ability to process multi-word product terms as one token. As an example, for search queries "new balance shoes", "gloria jeans kids wear" brand entity will be represented as one token - "new balance", "gloria jeans". This results in an increased precision of the system without affecting the recall. The hybrid search system with proposed model scores mAP@12 = 56.1% and R@1k = 86.6% on the WANDS public dataset, beating other SoTA analogues., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures

Prototype pollution is a dangerous vulnerability affecting prototype-based languages like JavaScript and the Node.js platform. It refers to the ability of an attacker to inject properties into an object's root prototype at runtime and subsequently trigger the execution of legitimate code gadgets that access these properties on the object's prototype, leading to attacks such as Denial of Service (DoS), privilege escalation, and Remote Code Execution (RCE). While there is anecdotal evidence that prototype pollution leads to RCE, current research does not tackle the challenge of gadget detection, thus only showing feasibility of DoS attacks, mainly against Node.js libraries. In this paper, we set out to study the problem in a holistic way, from the detection of prototype pollution to detection of gadgets, with the ambitious goal of finding end-to-end exploits beyond DoS, in full-fledged Node.js applications. We build the first multi-staged framework that uses multilabel static taint analysis to identify prototype pollution in Node.js libraries and applications, as well as a hybrid approach to detect universal gadgets, notably, by analyzing the Node.js source code. We implement our framework on top of GitHub's static analysis framework CodeQL to find 11 universal gadgets in core Node.js APIs, leading to code execution. Furthermore, we use our methodology in a study of 15 popular Node.js applications to identify prototype pollutions and gadgets. We manually exploit eight RCE vulnerabilities in three high-profile applications such as NPM CLI, Parse Server, and Rocket.Chat. Our results provide alarming evidence that prototype pollution in combination with powerful universal gadgets lead to RCE in Node.js., Part of ISBN 978-1-939133-37-3QC 20240124

According to the aims, the paper highlights algorithmic, interface and technological solutions for the development of the information system for navigation in university campus. In the process of searching for algorithmic and interface solutions, the peculiarities of the scientific and applied problem of indoor navigation were analyzed, as well as the capabilities of selected analogues of navigation systems implementing similar functions of this subject domain were evaluated. It was concluded that the analyzed analogues, despite their significant functionality, have the set of limitations. The specification of functional and non-functional requirements for the university navigation system was carried out, its architecture was defined as a set of interconnected modules, for the implementation of which appropriate interface and algorithmic solutions were elaborated and covered. The main stages of design and development of the university navigation system in the context of the elaborated solutions are highlighted. The functionality of the implemented system is characterized. It was established that during the design it was possible to overcome the main limitations inherent in similar systems implementing indoor navigation. The results of the system implementation in the educational practice of a national university are highlighted. Feedback from users received during the approbation testified the feasibility of developing and using the information system for navigation in university campus. The prospects for further work are formulated.

This thesis explores the coherent control of diamond NV (nitrogen-vacancy) centers using chirped laser pulses. Diamond NV centers possess unique optical properties, making them promising candidates for quantum information processing and sensing. Chirped laser pulses offer a versatile approach to achieve efficient and robust control over NV center two-level systems. The thesis begins with a theoretical analysis of the optical dynamics of NV centers interacting with an electromagnetic field. It establishes the Maxwell-Bloch Equations and provides a set of differential equations that can be solved numerically via computer simulations. The effects of varying electric field intensity and detuning in a continuous wave case are simulated. Later, the interaction between the NV center and a gaussian pulse is calculated. The pulse is then chirped both linearly and quadratically and the different modes of control that can be achieved are shown along with the optimal case for the linear and quadratic chirp. Overall, this thesis establishes a foundation for exploring coherent control techniques with chirped laser pulses in diamond NV center systems that can also be applied to other two-level systems by changing the computational parameters. The results highlight the potential of chirped laser pulses for coherent control and provide insights for future experiments.

The role and conditions of liquid immiscibility or crystallization of sulfide phase during evolution of subduction-related magmas remains a debated topic, which bears relevance to the genesis of porphyry copper deposits and evolution of the continental crust. We studied rare volcanic rocks with inclusions of magmatic sulfides in olivine—the basalts of Medvezhya Mount in the Avachinsky group of volcanoes. The rocks belong to primitive (Mg# = 66 mol %) middle-K island-arc olivine basalts. Olivine with normal zoning predominates (~98%) among phenocrysts. The olivine compositions are typical for Kamchatka basalts, except for an unusual trend of increase of MnO content from 0.20 to 0.55 wt % and decrease of Fe/Mn from 60 to 35 with a change of olivine composition from Fo87.8 to Fo78.2. Olivine of this group contains numerous inclusions of spinel-group minerals varying in composition from chromium spinel to magnesian magnetite. Olivine phenocrysts with sulfide inclusions are characterized by the absence of or weak reverse zoning and reduced contents of Ca, Ni, Mn, Cr, and Al. The estimated crystallization temperatures are 1036–1241°C for olivine of the prevailing type and 1010–1062°C for sulfide-bearing olivine. The data suggest that crystallization of the main olivine population occurred under relatively shallow conditions and was accompanied by strong magma oxidation. On the contrary, the zoning pattern and compositional features of sulfide-bearing olivine suggest its xenogenic origin and the probable crystallization under deep-crustal conditions from low-temperature water-rich and/or low-Ca magmas. The results obtained confirm the possibility of saturation of oxidized island-arc magmas with sulfide phase at lower crustal conditions, but show that this process is rare and not typical for low-pressure crystallization stage.

In meat-type poultry breeding, pectoral angle (PA) is a conventional anatomical indicator for changes in body conformation and meat traits; its correlation to egg performance is however deemed controversial. In this context, we revisited, assessed and put forward evidence for the usefulness of this classic phenotypic variable and its specific integrative index of pectoral angle-to-body weight ratio (PA/BW). Specifically, we identified respective correlations and used them for distinguishing the major categories (production types) of diverse chicken breeds under the traditional classification model (TCM) and genotypic clustering models of the global chicken gene pool subdivision. Also, the usefulness of the supplementary integrative egg mass yield index (EMY) for this objective was demonstrated. Because of estimating the total mass of eggs laid (i.e. egg number times egg weight), EMY can serve as an indicator of egg production. Direct approximation of EMY values by PA and BW values did not lead to significant correlation dependences between these indicators in each of the four breed utility types according to TCM. However, using the ratio of PA to BW, instead of PA and BW alone, resulted in significant correlation of EMY with PA/BW, allowing for distinction between egg-type and non-productive breeds. The validity of the proposed correlation-based models was supported by PCA and Neighbor Joining clustering analyses. Collectively, we suggested that PA can be a potentially correlated trait for selecting hens and roosters in breeding flocks to boost egg yield. These results can also be applied to chicken breeding as well as conservation- and phenome-related research.

The role and conditions of liquid immiscibility or crystallization of sulfide phase during evolution of subduction-related magmas remains a debated topic, which bears relevance to the genesis of porphyry copper deposits and evolution of the continental crust. We studied rare volcanic rocks with inclusions of magmatic sulfides in olivine—the basalts of Medvezhya Mount in the Avachinsky group of volcanoes. The rocks belong to primitive (Mg# = 66 mol %) middle-K island-arc olivine basalts. Olivine with normal zoning predominates (~98%) among phenocrysts. The olivine compositions are typical for Kamchatka basalts, except for an unusual trend of increase of MnO content from 0.20 to 0.55 wt % and decrease of Fe/Mn from 60 to 35 with a change of olivine composition from Fo87.8 to Fo78.2. Olivine of this group contains numerous inclusions of spinel-group minerals varying in composition from chromium spinel to magnesian magnetite. Olivine phenocrysts with sulfide inclusions are characterized by the absence of or weak reverse zoning and reduced contents of Ca, Ni, Mn, Cr, and Al. The estimated crystallization temperatures are 1036–1241°C for olivine of the prevailing type and 1010–1062°C for sulfide-bearing olivine. The data suggest that crystallization of the main olivine population occurred under relatively shallow conditions and was accompanied by strong magma oxidation. On the contrary, the zoning pattern and compositional features of sulfide-bearing olivine suggest its xenogenic origin and the probable crystallization under deep-crustal conditions from low-temperature water-rich and/or low-Ca magmas. The results obtained confirm the possibility of saturation of oxidized island-arc magmas with sulfide phase at lower crustal conditions, but show that this process is rare and not typical for low-pressure crystallization stage.

According to the aims, the paper highlights algorithmic, interface and technological solutions for the development of the information system for navigation in university campus. In the process of searching for algorithmic and interface solutions, the peculiarities of the scientific and applied problem of indoor navigation were analyzed, as well as the capabilities of selected analogues of navigation systems implementing similar functions of this subject domain were evaluated. It was concluded that the analyzed analogues, despite their significant functionality, have the set of limitations. The specification of functional and non-functional requirements for the university navigation system was carried out, its architecture was defined as a set of interconnected modules, for the implementation of which appropriate interface and algorithmic solutions were elaborated and covered. The main stages of design and development of the university navigation system in the context of the elaborated solutions are highlighted. The functionality of the implemented system is characterized. It was established that during the design it was possible to overcome the main limitations inherent in similar systems implementing indoor navigation. The results of the system implementation in the educational practice of a national university are highlighted. Feedback from users received during the approbation testified the feasibility of developing and using the information system for navigation in university campus. The prospects for further work are formulated.

Divergently selected chicken breeds are of great interest not only from an economic point of view, but also in terms of sustaining diversity of the global poultry gene pool. In this regard, it is essential to evaluate the classification (clustering) of varied chicken breeds using methods and models based on phenotypic and genotypic breed differences. It is also important to implement new mathematical indicators and approaches. Accordingly, we set the objectives to test and improve clustering algorithms and models to discriminate between various chicken breeds. A representative portion of the global chicken gene pool including 39 different breeds was examined in terms of an integral performance index, i.e., specific egg mass yield relative to body weight of females. The generated dataset was evaluated within the traditional, phenotypic and genotypic classification/clustering models using the k-means method, inflection points clustering, and admixture analysis. The latter embraced SNP genotype datasets including a specific one focused on the performance-associated NCAPG-LCORL locus. The k-means and inflection points analyses showed certain discrepancies between the tested models/submodels and flaws in the produced cluster configurations. On the other hand, 11 core breeds were identified that were shared between the examined models and demonstrated more adequate clustering and admixture patterns. These findings will lay the foundation for future research to improve methods for clustering as well as genome- and phenomewide association/mediation analyses.

BACKGROUND Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections worldwide, often caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Multiple bacterial virulence factors or patient characteristics have been linked separately to progressive, more invasive infections. In this study, we aim to identify pathogen- and patient-specific factors that drive the progression to urosepsis by jointly analysing bacterial and host characteristics. METHODS We analysed 1076 E. coli strains isolated from 825 clinical cases with UTI and/or bacteraemia by whole-genome sequencing (Illumina). Sequence types (STs) were determined via srst2 and capsule loci via fastKaptive. We compared the isolates from urine and blood to confirm clonality. Furthermore, we performed a bacterial genome-wide association study (bGWAS) (pyseer) using bacteraemia as the primary clinical outcome. Clinical data were collected by an electronic patient chart review. We concurrently analysed the association of the most significant bGWAS hit and important patient characteristics with the clinical endpoint bacteraemia using a generalised linear model (GLM). Finally, we designed qPCR primers and probes to detect papGII-positive E. coli strains and prospectively screened E. coli from urine samples (n = 1657) at two healthcare centres. RESULTS Our patient cohort had a median age of 75.3 years (range: 18.00-103.1) and was predominantly female (574/825, 69.6%). The bacterial phylogroups B2 (60.6%; 500/825) and D (16.6%; 137/825), which are associated with extraintestinal infections, represent the majority of the strains in our collection, many of which encode a polysaccharide capsule (63.4%; 525/825). The most frequently observed STs were ST131 (12.7%; 105/825), ST69 (11.0%; 91/825), and ST73 (10.2%; 84/825). Of interest, in 12.3% (13/106) of cases, the E. coli pairs in urine and blood were only distantly related. In line with previous bGWAS studies, we identified the gene papGII (p-value < 0.001), which en

For better or worse, JavaScript is the cornerstone of modern Web. Prototype-based languages like JavaScript are susceptible to prototype pollution vulnerabilities, enabling an attacker to inject arbitrary properties into an object's prototype. The attacker can subsequently capitalize on the injected properties by executing otherwise benign pieces of code, so-called gadgets, that perform security-sensitive operations. The success of an attack largely depends on the presence of gadgets, leading to high-profile exploits such as privilege escalation and arbitrary code execution (ACE). This paper proposes Dasty, the first semi-automated pipeline to help developers identify gadgets in their applications' software supply chain. Dasty targets server-side Node.js applications and relies on an enhancement of dynamic taint analysis which we implement with the dynamic AST-level instrumentation. Moreover, Dasty provides support for visualization of code flows with an IDE, thus facilitating the subsequent manual analysis for building proof-of-concept exploits. To illustrate the danger of gadgets, we use Dasty in a study of the most dependent-upon NPM packages to analyze the presence of gadgets leading to ACE. Dasty identifies 1,269 server-side packages, of which 631 have code flows that may reach dangerous sinks. We manually prioritize and verify the candidate flows to build proof-of-concept exploits for 49 NPM packages, including popular packages such as ejs, nodemailer and workerpool. To investigate how Dasty integrates with existing tools to find end-to-end exploits, we conduct an in-depth analysis of a popular data visualization dashboard to find one high-severity CVE-2023-31415 leading to remote code execution. For the first time, our results systematically demonstrate the dangers of server-side gadgets and call for further research to solve the problem.

This music score was submitted for the Kaleidoscope 2020 Call for Scores, an open access collaboration with the UCLA Music Library.

This music score was submitted for the Kaleidoscope 2020 Call for Scores, an open access collaboration with the UCLA Music Library.

This music score was submitted for the Kaleidoscope 2020 Call for Scores, an open access collaboration with the UCLA Music Library.

This music score was submitted for the Kaleidoscope 2020 Call for Scores, an open access collaboration with the UCLA Music Library.

The problems of contemporary IT specialists’ training in terms of the high requirements to their computational thinking skills as well as the urgency of raising their motivation to mastering algorithmization and programming are discussed in the paper. It is emphasized by the authors that initial university courses should focus pre-service IT-specialists on the deep understanding of an algorithmic nature of any coding task, to realize basic characteristics of the algorithms, to understand their role in modern software development. Due to the contemporary demands, programming should rest on algorithms building and has to be a part of lager scale experiences in order to realize its full potential. One of such experiences offered by the authors in the paper is involving the students into specially arranged activity focused on efficient game algorithms creation and simulation of the tournament between the algorithms. The offered activity is elaborated based on the applying the gamification elements into the learning process. Basing on the core gamifiaction principles, there were thought over and arranged an activity involving the students into the creation of gamified products. In our case, the gamified product which the students had to develop in the process of learning of algorithmization and programming was the software platform which enables a computer simulation of the tournament between the different game algorithms which realize winning strategies. The peculiarities and the stages of the said activity are covered in details along with the description of the final software product. Analyzing the described functionality of the computer simulator of the algorithms tournaments based on the gamification ideas, we can emphasize its significant didactic facilities in the context of its using for IT-specialists training. In particular, the developed gamified product was probed in the process of other students’ mastering algorithmization and programming as well as of the s

The problems of contemporary IT specialists’ training in terms of the high requirements to their computational thinking skills as well as the urgency of raising their motivation to mastering algorithmization and programming are discussed in the paper. It is emphasized by the authors that initial university courses should focus pre-service IT-specialists on the deep understanding of an algorithmic nature of any coding task, to realize basic characteristics of the algorithms, to understand their role in modern software development. Due to the contemporary demands, programming should rest on algorithms building and has to be a part of lager scale experiences in order to realize its full potential. One of such experiences offered by the authors in the paper is involving the students into specially arranged activity focused on efficient game algorithms creation and simulation of the tournament between the algorithms. The offered activity is elaborated based on the applying the gamification elements into the learning process. Basing on the core gamifiaction principles, there were thought over and arranged an activity involving the students into the creation of gamified products. In our case, the gamified product which the students had to develop in the process of learning of algorithmization and programming was the software platform which enables a computer simulation of the tournament between the different game algorithms which realize winning strategies. The peculiarities and the stages of the said activity are covered in details along with the description of the final software product. Analyzing the described functionality of the computer simulator of the algorithms tournaments based on the gamification ideas, we can emphasize its significant didactic facilities in the context of its using for IT-specialists training. In particular, the developed gamified product was probed in the process of other students’ mastering algorithmization and programming as well as of the s

Resonant nanostructures, such as photonic metasurfaces, have created an unprecedented case for enhanced light–matter interactions through local field engineering. However, the presence of resonances fundamentally limits the bandwidth of such interactions. Here, we report on amending the nonlinear optical response of a semiconducting metasurface through Q-boosting, where the Q-factor of a metasurface rapidly increases with time. The coupled-mode theory reveals overcoming the bandwidth limit by coupling a broadband signal to a bandwidth-matched resonance and Q-boosting at a timescale faster than a resonator lifetime. A control–excitation experiment simulation using a tailored Q-boosting silicon-germanium metasurface predicts the third-harmonic enhancement by factors of 8 (peak) and 4.5 (integrated) against the best-case static metasurface. An analysis of free-carrier losses based on experimental data shows robustness to nonradiative losses and offers a viable pathway to increasing the light–matter interactions beyond the bandwidth limit, with implications in nonlinear and quantum optics, sensing, and telecommunication technologies.

The geochemical variations of magmas across and along supra-subduction zones (SSZ) have been commonly attributed to profound changes in the phase and chemical compositions of the mantle source and subduction-derived melt and fluid fluxes, as well as the physical parameters (e.g. depth, temperature, oxygen fugacity etc) of slab dehydration, mineral breakdown and melting. Here we test the variability of the Late Quaternary primitive magmas in the southern and northern parts of the meridionally oriented Eastern Volcanic Belt (EVB) of Kamchatka, with a slab depth varying from 60 to 160 km. Eight high-Mg (Mg# > 60 mol%) basalts were characterized for major, trace and platinum-group element (PGE) abundances, as well as the compositions of olivine phenocrysts and olivine-hosted spinel inclusions. The basalts in our study are geochemically typical of SSZ magmas and contain similar liquidus assemblages of forsteritic olivine (Mg# 78–92 mol%), low-Ti Cr-spinel and clinopyroxene. Although the absolute abundances of major and trace elements, and their ratios, in the basalts fluctuate to some extent, the observed variability cannot be correlated with any of considered parameters in the geometry of the Kamchatka SSZ and conditions of melting. This unexpected result led to the evaluation of the platinumgroup element (PGE) systematics against the lithophile and chalcophile trace element geochemistry and the compositions of phenocrysts. Total whole-rock PGE content varies from 2.3 to 11.7 ppb, whereas the normalized PGE concentration patterns are typical for supra-subduction zones magmas and broadly similar in all studied samples. They are enriched in Rh, Pd and Pt relative to mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) and have nearly identical concentrations of Ir-group PGE. The only parameter that correlates well with PGE contents is the average Mg# of olivine phenocrysts from 84 to 90.3 mol%. This is interpreted to result from minor cryptic fractionation of sulfide melt, together with pri

The digital civilization dictates new formats of aesthetic parameters of narrative and communication. In a publicistic way, the article discusses the problem of correlations between digitalization and linguistic aesthetics. Emphasis is placed on the negative consequences of current global trends in the field of artificial intelligence. The paper offers one of the ways to solve the problem in question considering the philological and aesthetic impact on the language thinking of the individual in order to form a harmoniously developed linguistic personality. In this case, the linguo-aesthetic parameters of texts are inexhaustible material for innovative research. Linguistic aesthetics is an integral part of national culture, in particular, linguistic culture. In the collective consciousness of speakers of the national language, the aesthetic aspect of the text generates a linguo-aesthetic image of the world peculiar to each linguistic community. The article considers some aspects of aesthetic communication and the literary image of the world with regard to the discursive factors of artistic texts. The working hypothesis is that the linguo-aesthetics of the French language have a high degree of linguocultural activity in the modern French national discourse and, accordingly, in the linguistic image of the world. The prospects of the research on the linguo-aesthetics of creativity and conceptual image of the world are outlined., O artigo oferece uma das formas de solucionar o problema em questão considerando o impacto filológico e estético no pensamento linguístico do indivíduo para formar uma personalidade linguística harmoniosamente desenvolvida. Nesse caso, os parâmetros linguístico-estéticos dos textos são material inesgotável para pesquisas inovadoras. A estética linguística é parte integrante da cultura nacional, em particular, da cultura linguística. Na consciência coletiva dos falantes da língua nacional, o aspecto estético do texto gera uma imagem linguística-estética do mundo peculiar a cada comunidade linguística. O artigo considera alguns aspectos da comunicação estética e da imagem literária do mundo no que diz respeito aos fatores discursivos dos textos artísticos. A hipótese de trabalho é que a linguo-estética da língua francesa tem um alto grau de atividade linguocultural no discurso nacional francês moderno e, consequentemente, na imagem linguística do mundo., El trabajo ofrece una de las vías para resolver el problema en cuestión considerando el impacto filológico y estético en el pensamiento lingüístico del individuo para formar una personalidad lingüística armónicamente desarrollada. En este caso, los parámetros linguoestéticos de los textos son material inagotable para la investigación innovadora. La estética lingüística es una parte integral de la cultura nacional, en particular, la cultura lingüística. En la conciencia colectiva de los hablantes de la lengua nacional, el aspecto estético del texto genera una imagen linguoestética del mundo propia de cada comunidad lingüística. El artículo considera algunos aspectos de la comunicación estética y la imagen literaria del mundo en relación con los factores discursivos de los textos artísticos. La hipótesis de trabajo es que la estética linguo de la lengua francesa tiene un alto grado de actividad linguocultural en el discurso nacional francés moderno y, en consecuencia, en la imagen lingüística del mundo.

The paper addresses the problem of multi-agent communication in networks with regular directed ring structure. These can be viewed as hierarchical extensions of the classical cyclic pursuit topology. We show that the spectra of the corresponding Laplacian matrices allow exact localization on the complex plane. Furthermore, we derive a general form of the characteristic polynomial of such matrices, analyze the algebraic curves its roots belong to, and propose a way to obtain their closed-form equations. In combination with frequency domain consensus criteria for high-order SISO linear agents, these curves enable one to analyze the feasibility of consensus in networks with varying number of agents., Comment: 12 pages, 20 figures. Submitted to the IEEE for possible publication

Prototype pollution is a dangerous vulnerability affecting prototype-based languages like JavaScript and the Node.js platform. It refers to the ability of an attacker to inject properties into an object's root prototype at runtime and subsequently trigger the execution of legitimate code gadgets that access these properties on the object's prototype, leading to attacks such as Denial of Service (DoS), privilege escalation, and Remote Code Execution (RCE). While there is anecdotal evidence that prototype pollution leads to RCE, current research does not tackle the challenge of gadget detection, thus only showing feasibility of DoS attacks, mainly against Node.js libraries. In this paper, we set out to study the problem in a holistic way, from the detection of prototype pollution to detection of gadgets, with the ambitious goal of finding end-to-end exploits beyond DoS, in full-fledged Node.js applications. We build the first multi-staged framework that uses multi-label static taint analysis to identify prototype pollution in Node.js libraries and applications, as well as a hybrid approach to detect universal gadgets, notably, by analyzing the Node.js source code. We implement our framework on top of GitHub's static analysis framework CodeQL to find 11 universal gadgets in core Node.js APIs, leading to code execution. Furthermore, we use our methodology in a study of 15 popular Node.js applications to identify prototype pollutions and gadgets. We manually exploit eight RCE vulnerabilities in three high-profile applications such as NPM CLI, Parse Server, and Rocket.Chat. Our results provide alarming evidence that prototype pollution in combination with powerful universal gadgets lead to RCE in Node.js., Comment: USENIX Security'23

The study discusses some aspects of sports communication and linguistic worldview with due regard to national and cultural parameters. In particular, the authors of the article study sport phraseological units with coloronim-components in Russian and French. They describe various components of sports worldview in two linguistic cultures, whose key element is the linguistic personality of a common native speaker. Empirical data are analyzed and interpreted on the basis of the linguo-semiotic approach, i.e., within the framework of a discourse statement and at the level of the nominative fund of Russian and French. Sports terms are considered at the level of general linguistic and ethno-cultural dominants of national jargons. The hypothesis is that the structure of any discourse is based on the use of professional and jargon (in particular sports) terms. Their semantics correlates with the linguistic self-identification of each nation., O estudo discute alguns aspectos da comunicação esportiva e da visão de mundo linguística levando em conta os parâmetros nacionais e culturais. Em particular, os autores do artigo estudam unidades fraseológicas esportivas com componentes coloronim em russo e francês. Eles descrevem vários componentes da visão de mundo esportiva em duas culturas linguísticas, cujo elemento chave é a personalidade linguística de um falante nativo comum. Os dados empíricos são analisados e interpretados com base na abordagem linguo-semiótica, ou seja, no âmbito de um discurso e no nível do fundo nominativo do russo e do francês. Os termos desportivos são considerados ao nível das dominantes linguísticas e etnoculturais gerais dos jargões nacionais. A hipótese é que a estrutura de qualquer discurso é baseada no uso de termos profissionais e jargões (em particular esportivos). Sua semântica se correlaciona com a autoidentificação linguística de cada nação., El estudio discute algunos aspectos de la comunicación deportiva y la cosmovisión lingüística con la debida atención a los parámetros nacionales y culturales. En particular, los autores del artículo estudian unidades fraseológicas deportivas con componentes colorónimos en ruso y francés. Describen varios componentes de la cosmovisión deportiva en dos culturas lingüísticas, cuyo elemento clave es la personalidad lingüística de un hablante nativo común. Los datos empíricos se analizan e interpretan sobre la base del enfoque linguosemiótico, es decir, en el marco de un enunciado discursivo y al nivel del fondo nominativo del ruso y el francés. Los términos deportivos se consideran al nivel de los dominantes lingüísticos y etnoculturales generales de las jergas nacionales. La hipótesis es que la estructura de cualquier discurso se basa en el uso de términos profesionales y de la jerga (en particular deportiva). Su semántica se correlaciona con la autoidentificación lingüística de cada nación.

The problems of contemporary IT specialists’ training in terms of the high requirements to their computational thinking skills as well as the urgency of raising their motivation to mastering algorithmization and programming are discussed in the paper. It is emphasized by the authors that initial university courses should focus pre-service IT-specialists on the deep understanding of an algorithmic nature of any coding task, to realize basic characteristics of the algorithms, to understand their role in modern software development. Due to the contemporary demands, programming should rest on algorithms building and has to be a part of lager scale experiences in order to realize its full potential. One of such experiences offered by the authors in the paper is involving the students into specially arranged activity focused on efficient game algorithms creation and simulation of the tournament between the algorithms. The offered activity is elaborated based on the applying the gamification elements into the learning process. Basing on the core gamifiaction principles, there were thought over and arranged an activity involving the students into the creation of gamified products. In our case, the gamified product which the students had to develop in the process of learning of algorithmization and programming was the software platform which enables a computer simulation of the tournament between the different game algorithms which realize winning strategies. The peculiarities and the stages of the said activity are covered in details along with the description of the final software product. Analyzing the described functionality of the computer simulator of the algorithms tournaments based on the gamification ideas, we can emphasize its significant didactic facilities in the context of its using for IT-specialists training. In particular, the developed gamified product was probed in the process of other students’ mastering algorithmization and programming as well as of the s

The problems of contemporary IT specialists’ training in terms of the high requirements to their computational thinking skills as well as the urgency of raising their motivation to mastering algorithmization and programming are discussed in the paper. It is emphasized by the authors that initial university courses should focus pre-service IT-specialists on the deep understanding of an algorithmic nature of any coding task, to realize basic characteristics of the algorithms, to understand their role in modern software development. Due to the contemporary demands, programming should rest on algorithms building and has to be a part of lager scale experiences in order to realize its full potential. One of such experiences offered by the authors in the paper is involving the students into specially arranged activity focused on efficient game algorithms creation and simulation of the tournament between the algorithms. The offered activity is elaborated based on the applying the gamification elements into the learning process. Basing on the core gamifiaction principles, there were thought over and arranged an activity involving the students into the creation of gamified products. In our case, the gamified product which the students had to develop in the process of learning of algorithmization and programming was the software platform which enables a computer simulation of the tournament between the different game algorithms which realize winning strategies. The peculiarities and the stages of the said activity are covered in details along with the description of the final software product. Analyzing the described functionality of the computer simulator of the algorithms tournaments based on the gamification ideas, we can emphasize its significant didactic facilities in the context of its using for IT-specialists training. In particular, the developed gamified product was probed in the process of other students’ mastering algorithmization and programming as well as of the s

An appreciation of the synergy between genome and phenome of poultry breed is essential for a complete understanding of their biology. Phenotypic traits are shaped under the influence of artificial, production-oriented, selection that often acts contrary to that which would occur during natural selection. In this comparative study, we analysed the phenotypic diversity of 39 chicken breeds and populations that make up a significant part of the world gene pool. Grouping patterns of breeds found within the traditional, phenotypic models of their classification/clustering required in-depth analysis using sophisticated mathematical approaches. As a result of studying performance and conformation phenotypes, a phenomenon of previously underestimated variability in pectoral angle (PA) was revealed. Moreover, patterns of PA relationship with productive traits were analysed. We propose using PA measurement as a promising new auxiliary index for selecting hens and roosters of breeding flocks in egg production improvement programs.

Objective: The semen quality of stallions including sperm motility is an important target of selection as it has a high level of individual variability. However, effects of the molecular architecture of the genome on the mechanisms of sperm formation and their preservation after thawing have been poorly investigated. Here, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for the sperm motility of cryopreserved semen in stallions of various breeds. Methods: Semen samples were collected from the stallions of 23 horse breeds. The following semen characteristics were examined: progressive motility (PM), progressive motility after freezing (FPM), and the difference between PM and FPM. The respective DNA samples from these stallions were genotyped using Axiom™ Equine Genotyping Array. Results: We performed a GWAS search for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and potential genes related to motility properties of frozen-thawed semen in the stallions of various breeds. As a result of the GWAS analysis, two SNP markers, rs1141327473 and rs1149048772, were identified that were associated with preservation of the frozen-thawed stallion sperm motility, the relevant putative candidate genes being NME8, OR2AP1 and OR6C4. Potential implications of effects of these genes on sperm motility are herein discussed. Conclusion: The GWAS results enabled us to localize novel SNPs and candidate genes for sperm motility in stallions. Implications of the study for horse breeding and genetics are a better understanding of genomic regions and candidate genes underlying stallion sperm quality, and improvement in horse reproduction and breeding techniques. The identified markers and genes for sperm cryotolerance and the respective genomic regions are promising candidates for further studying the biological processes in the formation and function of the stallion reproductive system.

To adjust breeding programs for local, commercial, and fancy breeds, and to implement molecular (marker-assisted) breeding, a proper comprehension of phenotypic and genotypic variation is a sine qua non for breeding progress in animal production. Here, we investigated an evolutionary subdivision of domestic chickens based on their phenotypic and genotypic variability using a wide sample of 49 different breeds/populations. These represent a significant proportion of the global chicken gene pool and all major purposes of breed use (according to their traditional classification model), with many of them being characterized by a synthetic genetic structure and notable admixture. We assessed their phenotypic variability in terms of body weight, body measurements, and egg production. From this, we proposed a phenotypic clustering model (PCM) including six evolutionary lineages of breed formation: egg-type, meat-type, dual purpose (egg-meat and meat-egg), game, fancy, and Bantam. Estimation of genotypic variability was carried out using the analysis of five SNPs, i.e., at the level of genomic variation at the NCAPG-LCORL locus. Based on these data, two generally similar genotypic clustering models (GCM1 and GCM2) were inferred that also had several overlaps with PCM. Further research for SNPs associated with economically important traits can be instrumental in marker-assisted breeding programs.

Reinforcement learning (RL) is highly suitable for devising control strategies in the context of dynamical systems. A prominent instance of such a dynamical system is the system of equations governing fluid dynamics. Recent research results indicate that RL-augmented computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solvers can exceed the current state of the art, for example in the field of turbulence modeling. However, while in supervised learning, the training data can be generated a priori in an offline manner, RL requires constant run-time interaction and data exchange with the CFD solver during training. In order to leverage the potential of RL-enhanced CFD, the interaction between the CFD solver and the RL algorithm thus have to be implemented efficiently on high-performance computing (HPC) hardware. To this end, we present Relexi as a scalable RL framework that bridges the gap between machine learning workflows and modern CFD solvers on HPC systems providing both components with its specialized hardware. Relexi is built with modularity in mind and allows easy integration of various HPC solvers by means of the in-memory data transfer provided by the SmartSim library. Here, we demonstrate that the Relexi framework can scale up to hundreds of parallel environment on thousands of cores. This allows to leverage modern HPC resources to either enable larger problems or faster turnaround times. Finally, we demonstrate the potential of an RL-augmented CFD solver by finding a control strategy for optimal eddy viscosity selection in large eddy simulations., Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, the code can be accessed at https://github.com/flexi-framework/relexi

AbstractThe homo-dimeric bacterial membrane protein EmrE effluxes polyaromatic cationic substrates in a proton-coupled manner to cause multidrug resistance. We recently determined the structure of substrate-bound EmrE in phospholipid bilayers by measuring hundreds of protein-ligand HN–F distances for a fluorinated substrate, 4-fluoro-tetraphenylphosphonium (F4-TPP+), using solid-state NMR. This structure was solved at low pH where one of the two proton-binding Glu14 residues is protonated. Here, to understand how substrate transport depends on pH, we determine the structure of the EmrE-TPP complex at high pH, where both Glu14 residues are deprotonated. The high-pH complex exhibits an elongated and hydrated binding pocket in which the substrate is similarly exposed to the two sides of the membrane. In contrast, the low-pH complex asymmetrically exposes the substrate to one side of the membrane. These pH-dependent EmrE conformations provide detailed insights into the alternating-access model, and suggest that the high-pH conformation may facilitate proton binding in the presence of the substrate, thus accelerating the conformational change of EmrE to export the substrate.

To adjust breeding programs for local, commercial, and fancy breeds, and to implement molecular (marker-assisted) breeding, a proper comprehension of phenotypic and genotypic variation is a sine qua non for breeding progress in animal production. Here, we investigated an evolutionary subdivision of domestic chickens based on their phenotypic and genotypic variability using a wide sample of 49 different breeds/populations. These represent a significant proportion of the global chicken gene pool and all major purposes of breed use (according to their traditional classification model), with many of them being characterized by a synthetic genetic structure and notable admixture. We assessed their phenotypic variability in terms of body weight, body measurements, and egg production. From this, we proposed a phenotypic clustering model (PCM) including six evolutionary lineages of breed formation: egg-type, meat-type, dual purpose (egg-meat and meat-egg), game, fancy, and Bantam. Estimation of genotypic variability was carried out using the analysis of five SNPs, i.e., at the level of genomic variation at the NCAPG-LCORL locus. Based on these data, two generally similar genotypic clustering models (GCM1 and GCM2) were inferred that also had several overlaps with PCM. Further research for SNPs associated with economically important traits can be instrumental in marker-assisted breeding programs.

Transient microscopy has emerged as a powerful tool for imaging the diffusion of excitons and free charge carriers in optoelectronic materials. In many excitonic materials, extraction of diffusion coefficients can be simplified because of the linear relationship between signal intensity and local excited state population. However, in materials where transport is dominated by free charge carriers, extracting diffusivities accurately from multidimensional data is complicated by the nonlinear dependence of the measured signal on the local charge carrier density. To obtain accurate estimates of charge carrier diffusivity from transient microscopy data, statistically robust fitting algorithms coupled to efficient 3D numerical solvers that faithfully relate local carrier dynamics to raw experimental measurables are sometimes needed. Here, we provide a detailed numerical framework for modeling the spatiotemporal dynamics of free charge carriers in bulk semiconductors with significant solving speed reduction and for simulating the corresponding transient photoluminescence microscopy data. To demonstrate the utility of this approach, we apply a fitting algorithm using a Markov chain Monte Carlo sampler to experimental data on bulk CdS and methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) crystals. Parameter analyses reveal that transient photoluminescence microscopy can be used to obtain robust estimates of charge carrier diffusivities in optoelectronic materials of interest, but that other experimental approaches should be used for obtaining carrier recombination constants. Additionally, simplifications can be made to the fitting model depending on the experimental conditions and material systems studied. Our open-source simulation code and fitting algorithm are made freely available to the scientific community.

Monitoring the genetic diversity of small populations is important with respect to conserving rare and valuable chicken breeds, as well as discovery and innovation in germplasm research and application. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), the molecular markers that underlie multilocus DNA fingerprinting (MLDF), have historically been employed for this purpose, but over the past two decades, there has been an irreversible shift toward high-throughput single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of archived MLDF results and new data from whole-genome SNP genotyping (SNPg) among 18 divergently selected breeds representing a large sample of the world gene pool. As a result, we obtained data that fit the general concept of the phylogenetic distribution of the studied breeds and compared them with RFLP and SNP markers. RFLPs were found to be useful markers for retrospective assessment of changes in the genetic architecture and variability underlying the phenotypic variation in chicken populations, especially when samples from previous generations used for MLDF are unavailable for SNPg. These results can facilitate further research necessary to assess the possibility of extrapolating previous MLDF results to study the long-term dynamics of genetic diversity in various small chicken germplasm populations over time. In general, the whole-genome characterization of populations and breeds by multiple SNP loci will further form the basis for the development and implementation of genomic selection with the aim of effective use of the genetic potential of the domestic gene pool in the poultry industry.

The main source of error in gene expression is messenger RNA decoding by the ribosome. Translational accuracy has been suggested on a purely correlative basis to positively coincide with maximum possible life span among different rodent species, but causal evidence that translation errors accelerate aging in vivo and limit life span is lacking. We have now addressed this question experimentally by creating heterozygous knock-in mice that express the ribosomal ambiguity mutation RPS9 D95N, resulting in genome-wide error-prone translation. Here, we show that Rps9 D95N knock-in mice exhibit reduced life span and a premature onset of numerous aging-related phenotypes, such as reduced weight, chest deformation, hunchback posture, poor fur condition, and urinary syndrome, together with lymphopenia, increased levels of reactive oxygen species-inflicted damage, accelerated age-related changes in DNA methylation, and telomere attrition. Our results provide an experimental link between translational accuracy, life span, and aging-related phenotypes in mammals.

We have recently identified point mutation V336Y in mitoribosomal protein Mrps5 (uS5m) as a mitoribosomal ram (ribosomal ambiguity) mutation conferring error-prone mitochondrial protein synthesis. In vivo in transgenic knock-in animals, homologous mutation V338Y was associated with a discrete phenotype including impaired mitochondrial function, anxiety-related behavioral alterations, enhanced susceptibility to noise-induced hearing damage, and accelerated metabolic aging in muscle. To challenge the postulated link between Mrps5 V338Y-mediated misreading and the in vivo phenotype, we introduced mutation G315R into the mouse Mrps5 gene as Mrps5 G315R is homologous to the established bacterial ram mutation RpsE (uS5) G104R. However, in contrast to bacterial translation, the homologous G → R mutation in mitoribosomal Mrps5 did not affect the accuracy of mitochondrial protein synthesis. Importantly, in the absence of mitochondrial misreading, homozygous mutant MrpS5$^{G315R/G315R}$ mice did not show a phenotype distinct from wild-type animals.

Background: Intracellularly active antimicrobial peptides are promising candidates for the development of antibiotics for human applications. However, drug development using peptides is challenging as, owing to their large size, an enormous sequence space is spanned. We built a high-throughput platform that incorporates rapid investigation of the sequence-activity relationship of peptides and enables rational optimization of their antimicrobial activity. The platform is based on deep mutational scanning of DNA-encoded peptides and employs highly parallelized bacterial self-screening coupled to next-generation sequencing as a readout for their antimicrobial activity. As a target, we used Bac71-23, a 23 amino acid residues long variant of bactenecin-7, a potent translational inhibitor and one of the best researched proline-rich antimicrobial peptides. Results: Using the platform, we simultaneously determined the antimicrobial activity of >600,000 Bac71-23 variants and explored their sequence-activity relationship. This dataset guided the design of a focused library of ~160,000 variants and the identification of a lead candidate Bac7PS. Bac7PS showed high activity against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of E. coli, and its activity was less dependent on SbmA, a transporter commonly used by proline-rich antimicrobial peptides to reach the cytosol and then inhibit translation. Furthermore, Bac7PS displayed strong ribosomal inhibition and low toxicity against eukaryotic cells and demonstrated good efficacy in a murine septicemia model induced by E. coli. Conclusion: We demonstrated that the presented platform can be used to establish the sequence-activity relationship of antimicrobial peptides, and showed its usefulness for hit-to-lead identification and optimization of antimicrobial drug candidates. Keywords: Antibiotics; Antimicrobial peptides; Antimicrobial resistance; Antimicrobials; Deep mutational scanning; Drug discovery; High-throughput screening; Proline-ri

On sharp upper bound for coefficients of some trigonometric polynomials., Про точну верхню грань коефіцієнтів деяких тригонометричних поліномів.

On sharp upper bound for coefficients of some trigonometric polynomials., Про точну верхню грань коефіцієнтів деяких тригонометричних поліномів.

Аннтотация: генетический статус меланомы ассоциирован с нозологическим типом, локализацией меланомы. Определение мутаций онкогенов B-RAF и N-RAS важно для выбора тактики лечения больных и для определения мишеней таргетной терапии.

В условиях пандемии сбор данных для анализа «языка города» может значительно усложниться. В работе предложены альтернативные способы сбора материала, отличные от полевых методов. На примере собственного раннего исследования продемонстрирована актуальность предложенных методов., In the pandemic, gathering data for a linguistic landscape research may be complicated. The paper presents alternative methods for collecting data, different from field-based approaches. The earlier study is mentioned as an example of how these methods can be used.

Университеты играют значительную роль в региональной экономике, поскольку они предоставляют образовательные услуги и принимают участие в научно-исследовательской работе. Это особенно важно для России, где регионы существенно различаются с точки зрения как социально-экономического, так и технического и инновационного развития. Традиционно сложилось, что многие региональные университеты в России занимаются только преподаванием, не уделяя должного внимания исследовательской деятельности. Данная статья анализирует влияние научной деятельности университетов на экономическое и инновационное развитие регионов. Для достижения этой цели была проведена оценка различных спецификаций модели с фиксированными эффектами на основании панельных данных по регионам России за 2010-2016 гг. Для анализа региональной научной деятельности в модель был включен показатель количества публикаций университетов на одного исследователя на субнациональном уровне. Анализ важных социально-экономических характеристик регионов позволил выявить, что связь между публикационной активностью университетов и инновационным развитием региона остается значимой, в то время как взаимосвязь между экономическим развитием региона и научной активностью университетов полностью исчезла. Проверка правильности расчетов продемонстрировала, что результаты статистически значимы только тогда, когда в качестве объясняющей переменной выступает относительное количество публикаций, проиндексированных в международных системах цитирования (Scopus и Web of Science). При этом публикации, проиндексированные в российских списках источников и базах данных, а также публикации в региональных научных организациях, не являющихся университетами, не способствуют инновационному развитию региона. Результаты исследования могут быть применены для планирования финансирования исследовательской деятельности в университетах и формирования целевых показателей для университетов., Universities play a crucial role in local economies, providing educational services and participating in research and development. This is particularly important for Russia where regions are highly differentiated in terms of both socio-economic development and technological progress and innovations. However, many regional universities in Russia have traditionally focused primarily on teaching, with less emphasis on research activities. In this paper, we aim to deepen the understanding of the impact of scientific activities of universities on regional economic and innovative development. For this purpose, we estimate different specifications of a fixed-effects model using panel data from Russian regions for 2010-2016. We aggregate the number of universities’ publications per researcher at the sub-national level to incorporate regional scientific activity in our model. Considering other important socio-economic characteristics of regions, we revealed that the association between the publication activity of universities and innovative development of the region remains significant, while the relationship between economic development of the region and the scientific activity of universities disappeared completely. A number of robustness checks demonstrated that statistically significant results remain only when the relative number of publications indexed in international citation databases (Scopus and Web of Science) is used as an explanatory variable. Simultaneously, the publications indexed in specific Russian lists and databases as well as publications in regional scientific organisations that are not universities do not contribute to innovative development of the region. The results can be used for planning the funding of research activities in universities and setting performance targets for universities.

В статье приводится обоснование проведения педагогических исследований по сравнению традиционного и дистанционного образования, кратко обрисовываются основные проблемы последнего формата обучения.

В статье приводится обоснование проведения педагогических исследований по сравнению традиционного и дистанционного образования, кратко обрисовываются основные проблемы последнего формата обучения.

The last decade has seen a proliferation of code-reuse attacks in the context of web applications. These at-tacks stem from Object Injection Vulnerabilities (OIV) enablingattacker-controlled data to abuse legitimate code fragmentswithin a web application’s codebase to execute a code chain(gadget) that performs malicious computations, like remote codeexecution, on attacker’s behalf. OIVs occur when untrusted datais used to instantiate an object of attacker-controlled type withattacker-chosen properties, thus triggering the execution of codeavailable but not necessarily used by the application. In theweb application domain, OIVs may arise during the processof deserialization of client-side data, e.g., HTTP requests, whenreconstructing the object graph that is subsequently processedby the backend applications on the server side.This paper presents the first systematic approach for de-tecting and exploiting OIVs in .NET applications including theframework and libraries. Our key insight is: The root cause ofOIVs is the untrusted information flow from an application’spublic entry points (e.g., HTTP request handlers) to sensitivemethods that create objects of arbitrary types (e.g., reflectionAPIs) to invoke methods (e.g., native/virtual methods) that triggerthe execution of a gadget. Drawing on this insight, we developand implement SerialDetector, a taint-based dataflow analysisthat discovers OIV patterns in .NET assemblies automatically.We then use these patterns to match publicly available gadgetsand to automatically validate the feasibility of OIV attacks.We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by an in-depth evaluation of a complex production software such as theAzure DevOps Server. We describe the key threat models andreport on several remote code execution vulnerabilities found bySerialDetector, including three CVEs on Azure DevOps Server.We also perform an in-breadth security analysis of recent publiclyavailable CVEs. Our results show that SerialDetector ca, QC 20210108, JointForce, TrustFull

IoT platforms enable users to connect various smart devices and online services via reactive apps running onthe cloud. These apps, often developed by third-parties, perform simple computations on data triggered byexternal information sources and actuate the results of computations on external information sinks. Recentresearch shows that unintended or malicious interactions between the different (even benign) apps of a usercan cause severe security and safety risks. These works leverage program analysis techniques to build toolsfor unveiling unexpected interference across apps for specific use cases. Despite these initial efforts, we arestill lacking a semantic framework for understanding interactions between IoT apps. The question of whatsecurity policy cross-app interference embodies remains largely unexplored.This paper proposes a semantic framework capturing the essence of cross-app interactions in IoT platforms.The framework generalizes and connects syntactic enforcement mechanisms to bisimulation-based notionsof security, thus providing a baseline for formulating soundness criteria of these enforcement mechanisms.Specifically, we present a calculus that models the behavioral semantics of a system of apps executingconcurrently, and use it to define desirable semantic policies targeting the security and safety of IoT apps.To demonstrate the usefulness of our framework, we define and implement static analyses for enforcingcross-app security and safety, and prove them sound with respect to our semantic conditions. We also leveragereal-world apps to validate the practical benefits of our tools based on the proposed enforcement mechanisms., QC 20230920, JointForce, TrustFull