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The large-scale disposal of bottom ash resulting from municipal solid waste incineration poses a significant challenge in terms of effective management. While Lightweight aggregates made of municipal solid waste incinerated bottom ash, referred to as MSWI BA, show promise, their practical application is hindered by low structural strength and the presence of certain contaminants. To address this, a novel and green solution is proposed in this study, which involves utilizing sisal fibers (SF) to enhance the solidification of the synthesized aggregates. In this study, the synthesized lightweight aggregates (SLWAs) consisting of cement, different replacement levels of ground MSWI BA (60%, 70%, and 80%), and/or the cut SF were manufactured by a disc pelletizer. The influence of incorporating SF on the SLWAs was investigated across various aspects, encompassing the physical characteristics, strength performance, microscopic properties, and sustainability. The results showed that when SF was incorporated, the production efficiency of coarse SLWAs was considerably improved, especially up to a 66.5% increase with under the 70% replacement level of MSWI BA. Moreover, the surface roughness and strength were improved due to the SF addition. In the system of the CEM-MSWI BA matrix, the fiber incorporation not only accelerates the cement hydration reaction but also fills the pore generated from the swelling of metallic aluminum in MSWI BA, achieving the strength enhancement of SLWAs. More importantly, some contaminant ions including chloride, chromium, and copper from MSWI BA, could be effectively absorbed and solidified by the SF. Furthermore, the utilization of SF in SLWAs brings about great sustainability concerning greenhouse gas emissions and production costs. Consequently, incorporating SF proves to be an effective and green solution, thus promoting the practical implementation of the SLWAs.

The large-scale disposal of bottom ash resulting from municipal solid waste incineration poses a significant challenge in terms of effective management. While Lightweight aggregates made of municipal solid waste incinerated bottom ash, referred to as MSWI BA, show promise, their practical application is hindered by low structural strength and the presence of certain contaminants. To address this, a novel and green solution is proposed in this study, which involves utilizing sisal fibers (SF) to enhance the solidification of the synthesized aggregates. In this study, the synthesized lightweight aggregates (SLWAs) consisting of cement, different replacement levels of ground MSWI BA (60%, 70%, and 80%), and/or the cut SF were manufactured by a disc pelletizer. The influence of incorporating SF on the SLWAs was investigated across various aspects, encompassing the physical characteristics, strength performance, microscopic properties, and sustainability. The results showed that when SF was incorporated, the production efficiency of coarse SLWAs was considerably improved, especially up to a 66.5% increase with under the 70% replacement level of MSWI BA. Moreover, the surface roughness and strength were improved due to the SF addition. In the system of the CEM-MSWI BA matrix, the fiber incorporation not only accelerates the cement hydration reaction but also fills the pore generated from the swelling of metallic aluminum in MSWI BA, achieving the strength enhancement of SLWAs. More importantly, some contaminant ions including chloride, chromium, and copper from MSWI BA, could be effectively absorbed and solidified by the SF. Furthermore, the utilization of SF in SLWAs brings about great sustainability concerning greenhouse gas emissions and production costs. Consequently, incorporating SF proves to be an effective and green solution, thus promoting the practical implementation of the SLWAs.

The main aim of this paper is to study the mechanical properties of metakaolin based concrete with addition of fibers. The project is divided into two phases, in first phase cement is replaced with metakaolin in the variations of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by weight of cement, then it is tested for its workability and mechanical properties on fresh and hardened concrete. In the second phase of the project fibers like Sisal (natural) and Concrix (artificial) are added to the optimum strength mix of metakaolin based concrete in the percentages of 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% and 1% separately (by weight of cement). Then the fibre concrete is studied for its fresh and mechanical properties. Finally, the fibre concrete test results are compared with conventional concrete.

The main aim of this paper is to study the mechanical properties of metakaolin based concrete with addition of fibers. The project is divided into two phases, in first phase cement is replaced with metakaolin in the variations of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by weight of cement, then it is tested for its workability and mechanical properties on fresh and hardened concrete. In the second phase of the project fibers like Sisal (natural) and Concrix (artificial) are added to the optimum strength mix of metakaolin based concrete in the percentages of 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% and 1% separately (by weight of cement). Then the fibre concrete is studied for its fresh and mechanical properties. Finally, the fibre concrete test results are compared with conventional concrete.

The main aim of this paper is to study the mechanical properties of metakaolin based concrete with addition of fibers. The project is divided into two phases, in first phase cement is replaced with metakaolin in the variations of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by weight of cement, then it is tested for its workability and mechanical properties on fresh and hardened concrete. In the second phase of the project fibers like Sisal (natural) and Concrix (artificial) are added to the optimum strength mix of metakaolin based concrete in the percentages of 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% and 1% separately (by weight of cement). Then the fibre concrete is studied for its fresh and mechanical properties. Finally, the fibre concrete test results are compared with conventional concrete.

The main aim of this paper is to study the mechanical properties of metakaolin based concrete with addition of fibers. The project is divided into two phases, in first phase cement is replaced with metakaolin in the variations of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by weight of cement, then it is tested for its workability and mechanical properties on fresh and hardened concrete. In the second phase of the project fibers like Sisal (natural) and Concrix (artificial) are added to the optimum strength mix of metakaolin based concrete in the percentages of 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% and 1% separately (by weight of cement). Then the fibre concrete is studied for its fresh and mechanical properties. Finally, the fibre concrete test results are compared with conventional concrete.

The main aim of this paper is to study the mechanical properties of metakaolin based concrete with addition of fibers. The project is divided into two phases, in first phase cement is replaced with metakaolin in the variations of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by weight of cement, then it is tested for its workability and mechanical properties on fresh and hardened concrete. In the second phase of the project fibers like Sisal (natural) and Concrix (artificial) are added to the optimum strength mix of metakaolin based concrete in the percentages of 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% and 1% separately (by weight of cement). Then the fibre concrete is studied for its fresh and mechanical properties. Finally, the fibre concrete test results are compared with conventional concrete.

From decades, natural fibersin the form of reinforcements in polymer composites havebeen a test subject for scientistsbecause of its growing familiarity wide range of applications. Banana(B)andSisal(S)fibers arein good potential as reinforcement is polymer composite.The hybridisation ofshortBanana and Sisal fibers producesgood properties compared to only Banana fiber.In this present work, an experimental study has been conducted to determinethe effect ofonly banana fiber and effect of volume fraction namely B-S 20-20%, B-S 30-10% and B-S 10-30% on vibrational analysisparameterssuch as Natural frequency, damping ratio and mode shapesof Banana and Sisal fibers reinforced with epoxy resin Lapox L-12using FFT analyzer.The nodes created on the test specimen is hit by an impact hammer causes the vibration which is detected by the sensor and converted in to V,I signal through transducer.

From decades, natural fibersin the form of reinforcements in polymer composites havebeen a test subject for scientistsbecause of its growing familiarity wide range of applications. Banana(B)andSisal(S)fibers arein good potential as reinforcement is polymer composite.The hybridisation ofshortBanana and Sisal fibers producesgood properties compared to only Banana fiber.In this present work, an experimental study has been conducted to determinethe effect ofonly banana fiber and effect of volume fraction namely B-S 20-20%, B-S 30-10% and B-S 10-30% on vibrational analysisparameterssuch as Natural frequency, damping ratio and mode shapesof Banana and Sisal fibers reinforced with epoxy resin Lapox L-12using FFT analyzer.The nodes created on the test specimen is hit by an impact hammer causes the vibration which is detected by the sensor and converted in to V,I signal through transducer.

From decades, natural fibersin the form of reinforcements in polymer composites havebeen a test subject for scientistsbecause of its growing familiarity wide range of applications. Banana(B)andSisal(S)fibers arein good potential as reinforcement is polymer composite.The hybridisation ofshortBanana and Sisal fibers producesgood properties compared to only Banana fiber.In this present work, an experimental study has been conducted to determinethe effect ofonly banana fiber and effect of volume fraction namely B-S 20-20%, B-S 30-10% and B-S 10-30% on vibrational analysisparameterssuch as Natural frequency, damping ratio and mode shapesof Banana and Sisal fibers reinforced with epoxy resin Lapox L-12using FFT analyzer.The nodes created on the test specimen is hit by an impact hammer causes the vibration which is detected by the sensor and converted in to V,I signal through transducer.

From decades, natural fibersin the form of reinforcements in polymer composites havebeen a test subject for scientistsbecause of its growing familiarity wide range of applications. Banana(B)andSisal(S)fibers arein good potential as reinforcement is polymer composite.The hybridisation ofshortBanana and Sisal fibers producesgood properties compared to only Banana fiber.In this present work, an experimental study has been conducted to determinethe effect ofonly banana fiber and effect of volume fraction namely B-S 20-20%, B-S 30-10% and B-S 10-30% on vibrational analysisparameterssuch as Natural frequency, damping ratio and mode shapesof Banana and Sisal fibers reinforced with epoxy resin Lapox L-12using FFT analyzer.The nodes created on the test specimen is hit by an impact hammer causes the vibration which is detected by the sensor and converted in to V,I signal through transducer.

From decades, natural fibersin the form of reinforcements in polymer composites havebeen a test subject for scientistsbecause of its growing familiarity wide range of applications. Banana(B)andSisal(S)fibers arein good potential as reinforcement is polymer composite.The hybridisation ofshortBanana and Sisal fibers producesgood properties compared to only Banana fiber.In this present work, an experimental study has been conducted to determinethe effect ofonly banana fiber and effect of volume fraction namely B-S 20-20%, B-S 30-10% and B-S 10-30% on vibrational analysisparameterssuch as Natural frequency, damping ratio and mode shapesof Banana and Sisal fibers reinforced with epoxy resin Lapox L-12using FFT analyzer.The nodes created on the test specimen is hit by an impact hammer causes the vibration which is detected by the sensor and converted in to V,I signal through transducer.

From decades, natural fibersin the form of reinforcements in polymer composites havebeen a test subject for scientistsbecause of its growing familiarity wide range of applications. Banana(B)andSisal(S)fibers arein good potential as reinforcement is polymer composite.The hybridisation ofshortBanana and Sisal fibers producesgood properties compared to only Banana fiber.In this present work, an experimental study has been conducted to determinethe effect ofonly banana fiber and effect of volume fraction namely B-S 20-20%, B-S 30-10% and B-S 10-30% on vibrational analysisparameterssuch as Natural frequency, damping ratio and mode shapesof Banana and Sisal fibers reinforced with epoxy resin Lapox L-12using FFT analyzer.The nodes created on the test specimen is hit by an impact hammer causes the vibration which is detected by the sensor and converted in to V,I signal through transducer.

From decades, natural fibersin the form of reinforcements in polymer composites havebeen a test subject for scientistsbecause of its growing familiarity wide range of applications. Banana(B)andSisal(S)fibers arein good potential as reinforcement is polymer composite.The hybridisation ofshortBanana and Sisal fibers producesgood properties compared to only Banana fiber.In this present work, an experimental study has been conducted to determinethe effect ofonly banana fiber and effect of volume fraction namely B-S 20-20%, B-S 30-10% and B-S 10-30% on vibrational analysisparameterssuch as Natural frequency, damping ratio and mode shapesof Banana and Sisal fibers reinforced with epoxy resin Lapox L-12using FFT analyzer.The nodes created on the test specimen is hit by an impact hammer causes the vibration which is detected by the sensor and converted in to V,I signal through transducer.

The interest on poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blends has increased during the last years due to their promising properties. The novelty of the current work focuses on the preparation and characterization of biocomposites based on PLA/PMMA matrix and NaOH-treated sisal fibers. The effect of the addition of treated sisal fibers on the physico-mechanical properties of high polylactide content composites was studied. For this purpose, PLA/PMMA blend (80/20 wt%) was prepared by melt-blending and reinforced with different fiber contents. Although composites showed interesting specific tensile properties, the estimated heat deflection temperature (HDT), that is, the maximum temperature at which a polymer system can be used as a rigid material, barely increased 4°C respect to unreinforced system. After the annealing process, the HDT of the unreinforced polymer blend increased around 25°C, whereas the composites showed an increase of at least 38°C. Nonetheless, the specific tensile strength of composite decreased approximately 48% because the adhesion between fiber and polymer matrix was damaged and cracks were formed during annealing process.

This paper presents in a comprehensive way the thermal behavior of natural and hot-washed sisal fibers, based on the fundamental components of lignocellulosic materials: cellulose, xylan and lignin. The research highlights the influence exerted on the thermal stability of sisal fibers by other constituents such as non-cellulosic polysaccharides (NCP) and mineral matter. Thermal changes were investigated by thermal X-ray diffraction (TXRD), analyzing the crystallinity index (%Ic) of cellulosic samples, and by simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis coupled with Fourier-transformed infrared spectrometry (TG/DTA-FTIR), which allowed to examine the evolution of the main volatile compounds evolved during the degradation under inert and oxidizing atmospheres. The work demonstrates the potential of this technique to elucidate different steps during the thermal decomposition of sisal, providing extensible results to other lignocellulosic fibers, through the analysis of the evolution of CO2, CO, H 2O, CH4, acetic acid, formic acid, methanol, formaldehyde and 2-butanone, and comparing it with the volatile products from pyrolysis of the biomass components. The hydroxyacetaldehyde detected during pyrolysis of sisal is indicative of an alternative route to that of levoglucosan, generated during cellulose pyrolysis. Hot-washing at 75 C mostly extracts non-cellulosic components of low decomposition temperature, and reduces the range of temperature in which sisal decomposition occurs, causing a retard in the pyrolysis stage and increasing TbNCP and TbCEL, temperatures at the maximum mass loss rate of non-cellulosic polysaccharides and cellulose decompositions, respectively. However, enriching sisal fibers in cellulose produces a decrease of TbCEL under an oxidizing atmosphere, and furthermore, a delay of the combustion process, displacing TbCOM to higher temperatures. The results and findings of the paper would help further understanding of thermal processe

This paper presents in a comprehensive way the thermal behavior of natural and hot-washed sisal fibers, based on the fundamental components of lignocellulosic materials: cellulose, xylan and lignin. The research highlights the influence exerted on the thermal stability of sisal fibers by other constituents such as non-cellulosic polysaccharides (NCP) and mineral matter. Thermal changes were investigated by thermal X-ray diffraction (TXRD), analyzing the crystallinity index (%Ic) of cellulosic samples, and by simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis coupled with Fourier-transformed infrared spectrometry (TG/DTA-FTIR), which allowed to examine the evolution of the main volatile compounds evolved during the degradation under inert and oxidizing atmospheres. The work demonstrates the potential of this technique to elucidate different steps during the thermal decomposition of sisal, providing extensible results to other lignocellulosic fibers, through the analysis of the evolution of CO2, CO, H 2O, CH4, acetic acid, formic acid, methanol, formaldehyde and 2-butanone, and comparing it with the volatile products from pyrolysis of the biomass components. The hydroxyacetaldehyde detected during pyrolysis of sisal is indicative of an alternative route to that of levoglucosan, generated during cellulose pyrolysis. Hot-washing at 75 C mostly extracts non-cellulosic components of low decomposition temperature, and reduces the range of temperature in which sisal decomposition occurs, causing a retard in the pyrolysis stage and increasing TbNCP and TbCEL, temperatures at the maximum mass loss rate of non-cellulosic polysaccharides and cellulose decompositions, respectively. However, enriching sisal fibers in cellulose produces a decrease of TbCEL under an oxidizing atmosphere, and furthermore, a delay of the combustion process, displacing TbCOM to higher temperatures. The results and findings of the paper would help further understanding of thermal processe

This paper presents in a comprehensive way the thermal behavior of natural and hot-washed sisal fibers, based on the fundamental components of lignocellulosic materials: cellulose, xylan and lignin. The research highlights the influence exerted on the thermal stability of sisal fibers by other constituents such as non-cellulosic polysaccharides (NCP) and mineral matter. Thermal changes were investigated by thermal X-ray diffraction (TXRD), analyzing the crystallinity index (%Ic) of cellulosic samples, and by simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis coupled with Fourier-transformed infrared spectrometry (TG/DTA-FTIR), which allowed to examine the evolution of the main volatile compounds evolved during the degradation under inert and oxidizing atmospheres. The work demonstrates the potential of this technique to elucidate different steps during the thermal decomposition of sisal, providing extensible results to other lignocellulosic fibers, through the analysis of the evolution of CO2, CO, H 2O, CH4, acetic acid, formic acid, methanol, formaldehyde and 2-butanone, and comparing it with the volatile products from pyrolysis of the biomass components. The hydroxyacetaldehyde detected during pyrolysis of sisal is indicative of an alternative route to that of levoglucosan, generated during cellulose pyrolysis. Hot-washing at 75 C mostly extracts non-cellulosic components of low decomposition temperature, and reduces the range of temperature in which sisal decomposition occurs, causing a retard in the pyrolysis stage and increasing TbNCP and TbCEL, temperatures at the maximum mass loss rate of non-cellulosic polysaccharides and cellulose decompositions, respectively. However, enriching sisal fibers in cellulose produces a decrease of TbCEL under an oxidizing atmosphere, and furthermore, a delay of the combustion process, displacing TbCOM to higher temperatures. The results and findings of the paper would help further understanding of thermal processe

This paper presents in a comprehensive way the thermal behavior of natural and hot-washed sisal fibers, based on the fundamental components of lignocellulosic materials: cellulose, xylan and lignin. The research highlights the influence exerted on the thermal stability of sisal fibers by other constituents such as non-cellulosic polysaccharides (NCP) and mineral matter. Thermal changes were investigated by thermal X-ray diffraction (TXRD), analyzing the crystallinity index (%Ic) of cellulosic samples, and by simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis coupled with Fourier-transformed infrared spectrometry (TG/DTA-FTIR), which allowed to examine the evolution of the main volatile compounds evolved during the degradation under inert and oxidizing atmospheres. The work demonstrates the potential of this technique to elucidate different steps during the thermal decomposition of sisal, providing extensible results to other lignocellulosic fibers, through the analysis of the evolution of CO2, CO, H 2O, CH4, acetic acid, formic acid, methanol, formaldehyde and 2-butanone, and comparing it with the volatile products from pyrolysis of the biomass components. The hydroxyacetaldehyde detected during pyrolysis of sisal is indicative of an alternative route to that of levoglucosan, generated during cellulose pyrolysis. Hot-washing at 75 C mostly extracts non-cellulosic components of low decomposition temperature, and reduces the range of temperature in which sisal decomposition occurs, causing a retard in the pyrolysis stage and increasing TbNCP and TbCEL, temperatures at the maximum mass loss rate of non-cellulosic polysaccharides and cellulose decompositions, respectively. However, enriching sisal fibers in cellulose produces a decrease of TbCEL under an oxidizing atmosphere, and furthermore, a delay of the combustion process, displacing TbCOM to higher temperatures. The results and findings of the paper would help further understanding of thermal processe

This paper presents in a comprehensive way the thermal behavior of natural and hot-washed sisal fibers, based on the fundamental components of lignocellulosic materials: cellulose, xylan and lignin. The research highlights the influence exerted on the thermal stability of sisal fibers by other constituents such as non-cellulosic polysaccharides (NCP) and mineral matter. Thermal changes were investigated by thermal X-ray diffraction (TXRD), analyzing the crystallinity index (%Ic) of cellulosic samples, and by simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis coupled with Fourier-transformed infrared spectrometry (TG/DTA-FTIR), which allowed to examine the evolution of the main volatile compounds evolved during the degradation under inert and oxidizing atmospheres. The work demonstrates the potential of this technique to elucidate different steps during the thermal decomposition of sisal, providing extensible results to other lignocellulosic fibers, through the analysis of the evolution of CO2, CO, H 2O, CH4, acetic acid, formic acid, methanol, formaldehyde and 2-butanone, and comparing it with the volatile products from pyrolysis of the biomass components. The hydroxyacetaldehyde detected during pyrolysis of sisal is indicative of an alternative route to that of levoglucosan, generated during cellulose pyrolysis. Hot-washing at 75 C mostly extracts non-cellulosic components of low decomposition temperature, and reduces the range of temperature in which sisal decomposition occurs, causing a retard in the pyrolysis stage and increasing TbNCP and TbCEL, temperatures at the maximum mass loss rate of non-cellulosic polysaccharides and cellulose decompositions, respectively. However, enriching sisal fibers in cellulose produces a decrease of TbCEL under an oxidizing atmosphere, and furthermore, a delay of the combustion process, displacing TbCOM to higher temperatures. The results and findings of the paper would help further understanding of thermal processe

This paper presents in a comprehensive way the thermal behavior of natural and hot-washed sisal fibers, based on the fundamental components of lignocellulosic materials: cellulose, xylan and lignin. The research highlights the influence exerted on the thermal stability of sisal fibers by other constituents such as non-cellulosic polysaccharides (NCP) and mineral matter. Thermal changes were investigated by thermal X-ray diffraction (TXRD), analyzing the crystallinity index (%Ic) of cellulosic samples, and by simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis coupled with Fourier-transformed infrared spectrometry (TG/DTA-FTIR), which allowed to examine the evolution of the main volatile compounds evolved during the degradation under inert and oxidizing atmospheres. The work demonstrates the potential of this technique to elucidate different steps during the thermal decomposition of sisal, providing extensible results to other lignocellulosic fibers, through the analysis of the evolution of CO2, CO, H 2O, CH4, acetic acid, formic acid, methanol, formaldehyde and 2-butanone, and comparing it with the volatile products from pyrolysis of the biomass components. The hydroxyacetaldehyde detected during pyrolysis of sisal is indicative of an alternative route to that of levoglucosan, generated during cellulose pyrolysis. Hot-washing at 75 C mostly extracts non-cellulosic components of low decomposition temperature, and reduces the range of temperature in which sisal decomposition occurs, causing a retard in the pyrolysis stage and increasing TbNCP and TbCEL, temperatures at the maximum mass loss rate of non-cellulosic polysaccharides and cellulose decompositions, respectively. However, enriching sisal fibers in cellulose produces a decrease of TbCEL under an oxidizing atmosphere, and furthermore, a delay of the combustion process, displacing TbCOM to higher temperatures. The results and findings of the paper would help further understanding of thermal processe