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Yan Wang,1,* Cuiying Liu,2,3,* Yanhong Ren,3 Jibin Song,4 Kelong Fan,5 Lizeng Gao,5 Xunming Ji,3 Xiaoyuan Chen,6– 10 Heng Zhao3 1Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 3Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 4State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 5CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 6Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; 7Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; 8Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; 9Theranostics Center of Excellence (TCE), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; 10Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Heng Zhao; Xiaoyuan Chen, Email hengzhao@ccmu.edu.cn; chen.shawn@nus.edu.sgAbstract: This review article discusses the potential of nanomaterials in targeted therapy and immunomodulation for stroke-induced immunosuppression. Although nanomaterials have been extensively studied in various biomedical applications, their

Background: Photothermal therapy (PTT) in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window has attracted extensive attention due to the benefits in high maximum permissible exposure and penetration depth. Current photothermal agents generally show a broadband absorption accompanied by a gradual attenuation of absorption in the NIR-II window, leading to poor effect of PTT. It remains a great challenge to gain photothermal agents with strong and characteristic absorption in NIR-II regions. To overcome this problem, based on carbon dots (CDs)-mediated growth strategy, we proposed a simple and feasible approach to prepare plasmonic gold nanodendrites (AuNDs) with NIR-II absorption to enhance the therapeutic effect of PTT. Results: By rationally regulating the size and branch length of AuNDs, the AuNDs exhibited a broadband absorption from 300 to 1350 nm, with two characteristic absorption peaks located at 1077 and 1265 nm. The AuNDs demonstrated desired optical photothermal conversion efficiency (38.0%), which was further applied in NIR-II photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and PTT in human colon cancer cells (HCT 116)-tumor-bearing mice model. The tumor cells could be effectively eliminated in vivo under 1064 nm laser irradiation by the guidance of PAI. Conclusions: We reported a simple but powerful synthetic method to obtain the unique AuNDs with strong and characteristic absorption peaks in the NIR-II window. This study provides a promising solution to tuning the growth of nanoparticles for bioimaging and phototherapy in the NIR-II window. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2023, The Author(s).