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Background: Many studies have revealed high comorbidity and a clear association between temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and migraine. Furthermore, evidence points out that common psychological and behavioral factors might be related to the observed TMD and migraine association. However, this association and the underlying psychological factors are poorly understood. Objective: The main goal of this study was to describe the psychological and behavioral factors involved in TMD myalgia and migraine. Methods: A sample of 142 participants were recruited to form 4 groups: migraine patients (ICHD-III criteria), painful-TMD patients (Myalgia DC/TMD criteria), patients suffering from both pathologies according to the same criteria, and control patients. After a dental and neurological examination, the patients filled several psychological questionnaires validated for the Spanish population to assess anxiety (STAI), depression (DEP), stress coping (CRI), and somatic, anxiety, and depression symptoms (BSI-18). Results: The TMD myalgia patients, in general, showed a state of elevated anxiety, somatization, and reduced coping strategies, while the patients with migraine presented greater anxiety symptoms, depression (dysthymia trait and state), and somatization. Conclusions: According to the data of the present study, situational anxiety (transient emotional state), together with the lack of coping strategies, could be more associated with TMD myalgia, while anxiety, as a more stable and long-lasting emotional state, together with depression, might be more related to migraine. Further longitudinal studies are needed to unravel whether these differentiated profiles are a consequence or possible risk factors for migraine and TMD., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Depto. de Psicobiología y Metodología en Ciencias del Comportamiento, Depto. de Odontología Conservadora y Prótesis, Fac. de Psicología, TRUE, pub, Descuento UCM

Individuals exhibit different reactions to stress, both between individuals and within individuals at different time points. A person’s current emotional state is one of the primary factors that influences how they handle a stressful situation. Someone who is feelingdepressed or anxious may not cope with stress as well as when they are feeling at peace. Another factor that impacts an individual’s ability to cope with stress is being, or at least feeling, in control of the stressful situation. Uncontrollable stress can cause greater emotional disruption and negatively affect behaviour and motivation. Stress-related psychiatric disorders are common today, and research in this field is essential to help individuals improve their stress-coping abilities. In this study, we measured physiological stress responses (heart rate variability and skin conductance) while participants performed a widelyused stress induction task and a novel stress induction task that systematically varied controllability. Before the tasks, participants reported their baseline levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Our goal was to investigate if negative emotional states predicted the physiological stress response and if stress reactivity to the well-established task was related to stress reactivity when facing an uncontrollable stressor. We hypothesised that individuals who experience more negative emotional states would exhibit a stronger physiological stress response to both tasks. The data we obtained from 61 participants indicated that participants reacted differently to the two stress tasks, but we did not observe any significant impact of depression, anxiety, or stress levels.

BACKGROUND: Children with long-term conditions are vulnerable due to the treatments required for their conditions. Since the start of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Western Australians experienced restrictions that changed daily life activities but were able to return to some of their previous routines due to the restrictions. AIM: The study explored the stress experiences of parents caring for children with long-term conditions during COVID-19 in Western Australia. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: The study was codesigned with a parent representative caring for children with long-term conditions to ensure essential questions were targeted. Twelve parents of children with various long-term conditions were recruited. Ten parents completed the qualitative proforma, and two parents were interviewed in November 2020. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were anonymised and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. FINDINGS: Two themes were produced: (1) 'Keep my child safe' describes the children's vulnerabilities due to their long-term conditions, the adjustments parents' made to keep their children safe and the various consequences faced. (2) 'COVID-19's silver lining' covers the positives of the COVID-19 pandemic, including their children having fewer infections, the availability of telehealth appointments, relationship improvements and the parent's hopes for a new normal where behaviours prevent transmission of infectious (e.g., hand sanitising). CONCLUSION: Western Australia provided a unique context for the COVID-19 pandemic due to no transmission of the virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 at the time of the study. The tend and befriend theory aids in explaining the parents' stress experiences, and the application highlights a unique aspect of this theory. Parents tended to their children during COVID-19, but many could no longer rely on others for connection, support and respite, and became further isolated, Funding: School of Nursing and Midwifery at Edith Cowan University, Western Australia; Perth Childrens Hospital Foundation; Joanna Cocozzas Foundation

Although previous empirical research has provided insight into the link between perceived job insecurity and mental health, many questions remained unanswered. These include to what extent job insecurity has a mental health effect when controlling for (unobserved) individual characteristics, and to what extent there is effect heterogeneity. This dissertation therefore focuses on the mental health effect of job insecurity controlling for individual characteristics as well as the moderating effect of various demographic, sociological, and psychological variables. More specifically, it examined, next to a main effect, the role of gender, age, family situation, education, income, type of employment contract, religiousness, personality, and self-efficacy. By using a fixed effects estimator to control for time-invariant unobserved characteristics and data from the Netherlands for 2008-2018 chapter 2 indicates a rather small mean effect of perceived job insecurity on mental health. Some groups, however, have more trouble than others in dealing with perceived job insecurity: men, esp. with intermediate and higher levels of education, and with permanent contracts. Furthermore, negative effects of job insecurity increase with income. The moderating role of religiousness in the mental health effect of job insecurity could go either way: buffer or burden. Chapter 3 finds that religious employees in general, and Protestants among them in particular, despite being at risk due to a higher work ethic, are shielded from the adverse mental health effects of job insecurity. Instrumental are belief beyond doubt in God's existence as well as belief in life after death. The beliefs in God and in afterlife only appear to insulate workers who frequently attend religious gatherings. It is unclear how well people with different personality traits deal with a real-life stressor such as job insecurity. Chapter 4 investigates the interaction between the Big5 traits and job insecurity on mental

Children with chronic conditions are experiencing improved survival worldwide, and it is well-known that their parents are stressed. Yet, despite this knowledge, parents continue to experience stress. Our study explored the lived experience of parental stress when caring for children with various chronic conditions to identify opportunities to potentially reduce stress for these parents. This was an exploratory qualitative study using semi-structured interviews. To ensure appropriate research priorities were addressed, the study was co-designed with consumer and stakeholder involvement. Twenty parents were interviewed. Parents were recruited through a recognized family support organization for children with various care needs in Western Australia. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, anonymized, and analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Two superordinate themes were identified: (1) Gut instinct to tipping point included parents as unheard experts and their experiences of stress and becoming overwhelmed. (2) Losses and gains covered the parents' identity and relationship challenges and coping strategies with their children's unpredictable conditions. Parents' experiences of stress caring for children with chronic conditions can be applied to the Job-Demand Control-Support Model for occupational stress. Not only does this application provide a useful framework for practitioners but it adds a unique perspective that reflects the dual role of parents in caring for their children with chronic conditions as a parent but also a professional with a 24/7 workload. The parents' experiences highlight a need for improved support access, effective communication between parents and health care professionals, discharge preparation and information provision, and regular screening of parental stress with a referral pathway.

During the CoVID-19 pandemic, most educational advisors were forced to work from home. Continuous stress may lay negative impacts on educators’ work performance and psychological state (Hughes et al., 2019). However, there are no studies on stress whilst working virtually for educational advisors during the CoVID-19. Therefore, understanding stress in the lockdown environment is important to support them in coping. A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews was conducted. Following snowball sampling, 12 interviews were conducted (Male=7, Female=5, Mage=31.74) from the UK and China. The six phases of thematic analysis were employed to analyze the data. The interviews identified the sources of educational advisors’ stress from colleagues, clients, families and personal environment that laid negative consequences on their work and life, such as ineffective work, anxiety and low mood, etc. A series of problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies, such as boundary management, were raised for them to cope. Underpinned by Lazarus and Folkman’s (1984) Transactional Model of Stress and Coping, the findings highlighted the educational advisors’ stress experiences and raised practical coping strategies at personal, organizational and family levels to defend against their stresses whilst working virtually.

[Resumen] Se acepta que los estudiantes experimentan estrés a lo largo de su vida académica y la incapacidad para afrontarlo de una manera adecuada, lleva a una cascada de consecuencias tanto a nivel personal, como a nivel físico y mental, así como a nivel académico. Por otra parte, se está acumulando evidencia en el campo de la salud de que la meditación mindfulness ayuda a reducir el estrés y sus respuestas. El objetivo de este estudio es comprobar la eficacia de un programa de meditación mindfulness sobre el estrés académico percibido por estudiantes universitarios de ciencias de la salud. Método. Sesenta y un estudiantes de la facultad de fisioterapia participaron en este estudio, treinta de los cuales fueron asignados a la condición experimental y treinta y uno a la condición control. La asignación a los grupos se realizó de manera aleatoria. El diseño de la investigación es de tipo experimental. El programa implementado fue de meditación mindfulness con una duración de doce semanas. Los datos se recogieron mediante la técnica del cuestionario (Cuestionario de Estrés Académico) una semana antes de comenzar el programa y la semana posterior a la finalización del mismo. Los resultados de la prueba t mostraron diferencias significativas (p<0,05) para el grupo experimental en las tres escalas evaluadas: estresores, respuestas de estrés y afrontamiento, con un tamaño del efecto que osciló entre alto a moderado en los distintos factores. Conclusión: los resultados sugieren que la meditación mindfulness puede ser efectiva para disminuir el nivel de estrés percibido, así como, que puede ser efectiva para mejorar las estrategias de afrontamiento al estrés en los estudiantes universitarios de fisioterapia., [Abstract] It is accepted that students experience stress throughout their academic life. The inability to coping produces personal, physical, mental, and academic consequences. On the other hand, evidence about the fact that mindfulness meditation helps to reduce stress and stress responses accumulates in the health field. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a mindfulness meditation program on perceived academic stress by university students of health sciences. Method. Sixty-one students from the Faculty of Physiotherapy participated in this study; thirty were assigned to the experimental group and thirty-one to the control group. Participants were randomly allocated to the groups. The research design was experimental. A mindfulness meditation program was implemented for twelve weeks. Data were gathered through the questionnaire technique (Academic Stress Questionnaire), one week before the start of the program and the week after its completion. Results. The results of t-test showed significant differences (p <0.05) in the experimental group in the three scales evaluated: stressors, stress responses, and coping strategies. Conclusion: results suggest that mindfulness meditation can be effective to decrease the level of perceived stress in undergraduate students of physiotherapy, and to improve their stress coping strategies., [Resumo] Acéptase que os estudantes experimentan tensións ao longo da súa vida académica e a incapacidade para facelo dunha maneira adecuada, leva a un conxunto de consecuencias tanto a nivel persoal, como a nivel físico e mental, así como a nivel académico. Por outra banda, estáse a acumular evidencia no campo da saúde de que a meditación mindfulness axuda a reducir o estrés e as súas respostas. O obxectivo deste estudo é comprobar a eficacia dun programa de meditación mindfulness sobre o estrés académico percibido polos estudiantes universitarios de ciencias da saude. Método. Sesenta e un estudantes da facultade de fisioterapia participaron neste estudo, trinta dos cales foron asignados á condición experimental, e trinta e un á condición control. A asignación aos grupos realizouse de maneira aleatoria. O deseño da investigación é de tipo experimental. O programa implementado foi de meditación mindfulness cunha duración de doce semanas. Os datos recolléronse mediante a técnica do cuestionario (Cuestionario de Estrés Académico) unha semana antes de comezar o programa, e a semana posterior á finalización do mesmo. Os resultados da proba t mostraron diferenzas significativas ( p<0,05) para o grupo experimental nas tres escalas avaliadas: estresores, respostas de estrés e afrontamento, cun tamaño do efecto que oscilou entre alto a moderado nos distintos factores: Conclusión: os resultados suxiren que a meditación mindfulness pode ser efectiva para diminuír o nivel de estrés percibido, así como, que pode ser efectiva para mellorar as estratexias de afrontamento á o estrés nos estudantes universitarios de fisioterapia.

Stress is something that affects women throughout their lives and has a huge effect on wellbeing. The negative consequences of gender inequality make it harder for women to improve their lives and be a part of the labour market because of responsibilities with children and housework. Women experience high levels of stress, which creates a burden affecting their health. The study aims to understand how gender roles, living and working conditions affect stress and stress coping for working Kosovo Albanian mothers in Sweden and Kosovo. The main focus is to understand how work-home relations affect these women in different societies. The study is based on theories of stress, stress coping, theory of gender and determinants of health. A qualitative study was carried out with individual semi-structured interviews concentrating on the phenomenological perspective with an in-depth insight into the women's experiences. Five women living in Sweden and five women living in Kosovo were interviewed digitally. The results show that personality, working and living conditions and social and community networks affect the experience and interpretation of stress and the choice of stress coping for the women depending on the context., Stress är något som påverkar kvinnorna genom hela livet och har en stor påverkan på hälsan. Negativa effekten av ojämlika könsroller gör det svårare för kvinnor att förbättra deras liv, vara en del av arbetsmarknaden och samtidigt ta hand om barnen och hushållsarbeten. Kvinnor upplever högre mängder av stress, vilket skapar en börda som påverkar hälsan. Syftet med studien är att förstå hur könsroller, boende och arbetsförhållanden påverkar stress och stresshantering för arbetande Kosovoalbanska mammor i Sverige och Kosovo. Huvudfokus ligger i förståelse om hur arbets- och hemförhållanden påverkar kvinnorna i dessa två olika samhällen. Studien är baserat på teorierna stress, stresshantering, teorin om genus och hälsans determinanter. En kvalitativ studie genomfördes med individuella semistrukturerade intervjuer med fokus på fenomenologisk perspektiv med en fördjupadperspektiv på kvinnornas erfarenheter. Fem kvinnor i Sverige och fem kvinnor i Kosovo var intervjuade digitalt. Resultaten visar att personlighet, arbets- och livsförhållanden och sociala och samhälleliga nätverk påverkar upplevelsen och tolkningen av stress och den valda hanteringsmetoden av kvinnorna beroende av kontexten.

One essential role of social robots is supporting human mental health by interaction with people. In this study, we focused on making people's moods more positive through conversations about their problems as our first step to achieving a robot that cares about mental health. We employed the column method, typical stress coping technique in Japan, and designed conversational contents for a robot. We implemented conversational functions based on the column method for a social robot as well as a self-schema estimation function using conversational data, and proposed conversational strategies to support awareness of their self-schemas and automatic thoughts, which are related to mental health support. We experimentally evaluated our system's effectiveness and found that participants who used it with our proposed conversational strategies made more self-disclosures and experienced less anger than those who did not use our proposed conversational strategies. Unfortunately, the strategies did not significantly increase the performance of the self-schema estimation function., journal article

Aim/Purpose: International PhD students suffer a lot of stress. However, many studies about international students focus on identifying the stressors these students experience rather than the stress-coping strategies, and those that explore international students’ coping behaviour often report maladjustments. Background: This study intended to fill the research gap by examining the strategies that Chinese students employed to psychologically adjust to their PhD study. Methodology: Narrative inquiry method was employed to give voice to the research participants. Six Chinese doctoral students in social sciences in Australian universities were purposefully sampled and interviewed three times during their candidature in order to gain an in-depth understanding of their lived experiences of stress-coping. Contribution: This paper provides positive stress-coping strategies used by six Chinese doctoral students, which can be used by international doctoral students or those who work with doctoral students from abroad to improve their psychological well-beings.Findings: These Chinese PhD students adopted positive stress-coping strategies of regulating their emotions and retaining their motivation. They adopted illusory and interpretive forms of secondary control by reframing realities to obtain psychological peace when faced with stress. The ways that Chinese PhD students handled stress suggest that the Chinese moral education and the characteristic motivation for learning attributed them with positive personal characteristics to battle the adverse conditions. Recommendations for Practitioners: Institutions/departments can initiate support groups for PhD students from the same disciplines where students can express their stress, seek assistance from senior doctoral students and exchange their strategies. Institutions/departments can also support international doctoral candidates by taking a more flexible approach to policies and pro

Although previous research has documented a host of negative consequences of job insecurity, workplace interpersonal relationships have rarely been considered. This omission might be caused by the application of broad stress theories to the job insecurity literature without taking a nuanced perspective to understand the nature of job insecurity. To address this issue, we conceptualized job insecurity as a threat to employee social acceptance by their employer. This conceptualization, therefore, allows us to apply the multimotive model of social rejection to investigate a previously-overlooked outcome of job insecurity—workplace friendships. Specifically, we investigated the relationship between both job feature insecurity and job loss insecurity with workplace friendships. Based on stress coping theory and the fundamental differences between job feature insecurity and job loss insecurity, we further proposed that employees’ tendency to engage in positive gossip buffers the negative impact of job feature insecurity on workplace friendships, whereas employees’ tendency to engage in negative gossip buffers the negative impact of job loss insecurity on workplace friendships. Data collected from 286 working adults from Mturk supported our hypotheses. Our study opens the door for future research to take a more nuanced approach when examining nontraditional consequences of job insecurity.

Natural populations are persistently exposed to environmental pollution, which may adversely impact animal physiology and behaviour and even compromise survival. Responding appropriately to any stressor ultimately might tip the scales for survival, as mistimed behaviour and inadequate physiological responses may be detrimental. Yet effects of legacy contamination on immediate physiological and behavioural stress coping abilities during acute stress are virtually unknown. Here, we assessed these effects in barnacle goslings (Branta leucopsis) at a historical coal mine site in the Arctic. For three weeks we led human-imprinted goslings, collected from nests in unpolluted areas, to feed in an abandoned coal mining area, where they were exposed to trace metals. As control we led their siblings to feed on clean grounds. After submitting both groups to three well-established stress tests (group isolation, individual isolation, on-back restraint), control goslings behaved calmer and excreted lower levels of corticosterone metabolites. Thus, legacy contamination may decisively change stress physiology and behaviour in long-lived vertebrates exposed at a young age.

Natural populations are persistently exposed to environmental pollution, which may adversely impact animal physiology and behaviour and even compromise survival. Responding appropriately to any stressor, ultimately might tip the scales for survival, as mistimed behaviour and inadequate physiological responses may be detrimental. Yet, effects of legacy contamination on immediate physiological and behavioural stress coping abilities during acute stress are virtually unknown. Here, we assessed these effects in barnacle goslings (Branta leucopsis) at a historical coal mine site in the Arctic. For three weeks we led human-imprinted goslings, collected from nests in unpolluted areas, to feed in an abandoned coal mining area, where they were exposed to trace metals. As control we led their siblings to feed on clean grounds. After submitting both groups to three well-established stress tests (group isolation, individual isolation, on-back restraint), control goslings behaved calmer and excreted lower levels of corticosterone metabolites. Thus, legacy contamination may decisively change stress physiology and behaviour in long-lived vertebrates exposed at a young age.

Stress is a part of our everyday life and it plays an important role in causing various diseases including low back pain and vice versa chronic pain is a stressor that is challenging stress system of the human body. Purpose of the study is to examine stress coping among patients with low back pain in rehabilitation practice in Latvia. Demographic questionnaire, Visual analogue scale and “The Ways of Coping scale” were used. Results. Almost all stress coping strategies scores for patients with low back pain in their first visit are higher than in patients with revisit to Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation doctor and there is statistically significant difference in the use of problem oriented stress coping. Conclusion. This research is meaningful due to the fact it allows to acknowledge and evaluate the spectrum of stress coping ways for patients with low back pain.

The two-hit hypothesis has been used to explain the onset mechanism of schizophrenia. It assumes that predisposition to schizophrenia is originally attributed to vulnerability in the brain which stems from genetic or early developmental factors, and that onset is triggered by exposure to later detrimental factors such as stress in adolescence or adulthood. Based on this hypothesis, the present study examined whether rats that had received neonatal repeated treatment with an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist (MK-801), an animal model of schizophrenia, were vulnerable to chronic stress....

There is an increased focus in biology on consistent behavioural variation. Several terms are used to describe this variation, including animal personality and coping style. Both terms describe between individual consistency in behavioural variation; however, they differ in the behavioural assays typically used, the expected distribution of response variables, and whether they incorporate variation in behavioural flexibility. Despite these differences, the terms are often used interchangeably. We conducted experiments using juvenile and adult red junglefowl, Gallus gallus, as subjects to explore the degree to which animal personality and coping styles overlap. We demonstrate that animal personality and coping styles can be described in this species, and that shyer individuals had more flexible responses, as expected for coping styles. Behavioural responses from both personality and coping style assays had continuous distributions, and were not clearly separated into two types. Behavioural traits were not correlated and, hence, there was no evidence of a behavioural syndrome. Further, behavioural responses obtained in personality assays did not correlate with those from coping style tests. Animal personality and coping styles are therefore not synonymous in the red junglefowl. We suggest that the terms animal personality and coping style are not equivalent and should not be used interchangeably.

This study aimed to describe the coping strategies that adolescents adopt in the different situations of stress that occur in their everyday lives, and how they affect their subjective happiness. It evaluated 1,402 students (711 males, 691 females) aged 12-17 years in Spanish Compulsory Secondary Education. The results show how males resort more to unproductive-type strategies, while females seek more social support. The model created for the dependent variable happiness gave a correct estimation for 92.9% of all cases (X2 = 477.351; p < 0.001; R2 = 0.607). The results indicated how the perception of subjective happiness was greater for those who used others-focused coping strategies. The unproductive coping results implied less subjective happiness. The main conclusions include having to work with adolescents on coping strategies with the group, dealing better with more introspective strategies, and training in and increasing the use of active coping strategies and emotional support., El objetivo de este estudio ha sido describir las estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas por los adolescentes en las distintas situaciones de estrés que les suceden en su vida cotidiana, así como su repercusión en la felicidad subjetiva. Para ello, se evaluó a 1.402 alumnos/as de Enseñanza Secundaria (711 chicos y 691 chicas) de entre 12 y 17 años. Los resultados muestran como los chicos hacen más uso de estrategias de tipo no productivo, mientras las chicas buscan más el apoyo social. El modelo creado para la variable dependiente felicidad permite una estimación correcta del 92,9% de los casos (X2 = 477.351; p < 0.001; R2 = 0.607). Los resultados indican como la percepción de la felicidad subjetiva es mayor entre quienes usan estilos de afrontamiento orientado a otros, mientras, el afrontamiento no productivo, incide en una menor felicidad subjetiva. Como principales conclusiones, señalar la necesidad de trabajar con los adolescentes las estrategias de afrontamiento con el grupo, un mejor manejo de las estrategias de carácter más introspectivo, así como el incremento y entrenamiento en el uso de las estrategias de afrontamiento activo y de soporte emocional.

This study discusses the issue of emotional crisis and trauma in terms of opportunities to develop and grow. The article seeks to show the complex psychological conditions pertaining to emotional crises, a constructive way of dealing with them, and the possibility of growing and developing thanks to having experienced such a crisis. These issues are usually omitted when describing crises; however, as the author postulates, they constitute a foundation for differentiating — as we surely must do — between emotional crisis and trauma, development and growth through crisis, and the positive adaptive changes observed in cases of post-traumatic disorder. Such changes cannot always be identified as instances of so called post-traumatic growth. The latter is described by the author, with reference to Maslow's theory, as development “resulting from the lack of something”, where this in turn reflects some trauma or other. Moreover, considerations pertaining both to current work in health psychology, and to the distinction between emotional crisis and trauma proposed here, could well prove relevant where practices of intervention are concerned., Opracowanie podejmuje problematykę kryzysu emocjonalnego i traumy z perspektywy możliwości rozwoju i wzrostu. Artykuł ukazuje złożone psychologiczne uwarunkowania kryzysu emocjonalnego, jego konstruktywnego rozwiązania oraz rozwoju i wzrostu dzięki przebyciu kryzysu. Kwestie te są najczęściej pomijane w piśmiennictwie kryzysu, stanowią jednak podstawę postulowanej przez autorkę konieczności zasadniczego różnicowania między kryzysem emocjonalnym a traumą, między rozwojem i wzrostem poprzez kryzys a adaptacyjnymi pozytywnymi przemianami obserwowanymi w zaburzeniach potraumatycznych. Nie zawsze również przemiany te można utożsamiać z tzw. wzrostem potraumatycznym. Ten ostatni, odnosząc się do teorii Maslowa, autorka opracowania określa jako rozwój „wynikający z braku”, zależny od traumy. Uwzględnienie dorobku psychologii zdrowia oraz sugerowanych różnicowań między kryzysem emocjonalnym a traumą pozostaje istotne z punktu widzenia praktyki interwencyjnej.

Collage therapy is a form of art therapy introduced in Japan around 1980. Based on preceding research and space symbolism, this study examined the relationship among collage work (pasting up point/pasting up contents), stress coping, and interpersonal stress. No significant correlation was found between the pasting up point and either stress coping or interpersonal stress. However, pasting up contents were found to be partially correlated with stress coping and interpersonal stress. In particular, the pasting up ratio of "vehicles" was found to have a positive correlation with confrontive coping, positive reappraisal, and interpersonal stress. It was suggested that dynamic psychological energy is more readily reflected in "vehicles," as in the interpretation of sandplay therapy. Furthermore, a negative correlation was found between confrontive coping and the pasting up ratio of "natural landscapes." This suggested that the psychological energy of confrontive coping, which expresses proactivity against difficulties, is not reflected in "natural landscapes."

This study represents a new cross-disciplinary approach. A year-long art-based leadership intervention was compared to conventional leadership training using a random allocation design. The study has examined whether the art-based intervention has a stronger beneficial impact on leaders' development than the conventional program. Comparison was made utilizing leaders' self-ratings and subordinates' ratings of their leaders' frequency of expressed laissez-faire leadership and capacity to cope with stress. Our findings show a striking difference in the development between the two groups. In addition to displaying less laissez-faire behavior, the leaders in the art intervention appear to have improved their self-awareness, humility, and stress coping, while contrasting results were noted in the conventional group. These findings confirm the earlier results in our research., AuthorCount:3

Reappraising arousal boosts efficient sympathetic activation and analytic performance. We investigated if mindful awareness of bodily changes without positive re-evaluation of this perception also helps to buffer against negative stress responses. Taken together the results suggest that both mindfulness and reappraisal influence stress-related blood pressure, working memory performance and rumination.

Two ways of art-making (distraction and expression of the event) are examined as a form of stress and mood regulation activity in undergraduate students (n=20). A present stressful situation is recalled by the participants as an induced situation and the assigned to one of four conditions. Stress and affect were mesured before and after de assigned activity. Results reveals that stress and negative affect improved significantly in the distraction condition. The result indicates a probably association between art-making as a stress management activity and regular coping strategies., Estudio que compara el uso de las actividades artísticas en alumnos universitarios(n=20) para regular las emociones y el estrés, bajo las condiciones de distracción y enfoque hacia un evento estresante. La condición experimental fue inducida recordando un evento estresante actual de los participantes, asignados a una de cuatro intervenciones. Los niveles de estrés y afecto fueron medidos antes y después de realizar la actividad asignada. Los resultados revelan disminución significativa del estrés y el afecto negativo bajo la condición de distracción. El resultado indica una posible asociación entre el uso de la actividad artística como herramienta ante el estrés y las estrategias de afrontamiento de uso regular.

Sri Lanka has one of the highest rates of natural disasters and violent conflicts in the world. Yet there is a lack of research on its unique socio-cultural characteristics that determine an individual's cognitive and behavioural responses to distressing encounters. This study extends Goh, Sawang and Oei's (2010) revised transactional model to examine the cognitive and behavioural processes of occupational stress experience in the collectivistic society of Sri Lanka. A time series survey was used to measure the participant's stress-coping process. Using the revised transactional model and path analysis, a unique Sri Lankan model is identified that provides theoretical insights on the revised transactional model, and sheds light on socio-cultural dimensions of occupational stress and coping, thus equipping practitioners with a sound theoretical basis for the development of stress management programs in the workplace.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects that stress training has on stressful flight operations to mitigate the human factors preconditions to aircraft accidents. In addition, stress training implementation strategies were investigated in order to develop pedagogy pertinent to stress training. A series of three empirical experiments were performed to test the transfer of both human emotional states and task skills from a virtual environment to subsequent test scenarios. Results indicated that stress training improved performance, decreased physiological responses to stress, and decreased subjective appraisals of stress in a simulator criterion session. A second experiment tested the generalization of these results to a novel, real-world stressor. In this study, stress training in a flight simulator was found to enhance performance and moderate the adverse effects of stress when piloting an aircraft in a stressful flight environment. A third empirical study tested the transfer of flight simulator skills to a real-world flying task. Flight simulator training improved the performance of a training group when compared to a no-training, control group. This line of research demonstrates stress training as a viable approach for preparing trainees for stressful flight environments and stress in general.

The neuropeptides arginine-vasotocin (AVT) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) are involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis. During stress, the HPI axis is activated and cortisol is released into the blood. In addition to their role in the HPI axis, AVT and CRH also have behavioural effects. The roles of AVT and CRH in stress responses and agonistic behaviour were studied in this thesis, using two different models. In the first model, two strains of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) divergent in stress-induced release of cortisol were investigated. This was done by observing behaviour and stress responses under different conditions. These strains were found to have divergent stress coping strategies based on the observed behaviour and levels of plasma cortisol. This divergence in behaviour could be associated with the CRH system, since the mRNA levels of CRH differed between the strains during stress. However, no differences between strains were observed in AVT or its receptor expressions. In the second model, non-selected rainbow trout were paired and the effect of intracerebroventricular (icv) injections of an active substance (AVT, CRH or the CRH related peptide Urotensin-I (UI)) on fights for dominance was investigated. One fish of the pair received the active substance icv and the other received saline icv. Fish receiving AVT became subordinate in accordance with the suggestion that AVT attenuates aggression in territorial vertebrates. Fish receiving CRH became subordinate whereas UI showed no effect on fights for dominance. Further, both CRH and UI induced an anxiety-related behaviour similar to non-ambulatory motor activity in rats. In addition, CRH appeared to affect the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems. In this thesis, it is suggested that CRH is involved in the behavioural modulation of the stress coping strategies in teleost fish. Further, AVT and CRH seem to act inhibitory on aggressive behaviour.

COMUNICAZIONE DELLO STRESS, COPING DIADICO E BENESSERE DELLA COPPIA: UNO STUDIO CROSS-SECTIONAL E CROSS-NAZIONALE Anna Bertoni, Daniela Barni, Guy Bodenmann, Linda Charvoz, Simona Gagliardi, Raffaella Iafrate, Rosa Rosnati. All’interno di un più ampio progetto di ricerca, è stato condotto uno studio cross culturale finalizzato ad analizzare il legame tra comunicazione dello stress, coping diadico e benessere della coppia in un campione di coppie italiane e svizzere. Il campione risulta composto da 349 coppie (141 coppie italiane e 208 coppie svizzere), suddivise in Coppie appena formate (0-3 anni di relazione), Giovani coppie (3-10 anni), Coppie Adulte (10-20 anni), Coppie consolidate (oltre 20 anni). Lo strumento utilizzato è un questionario self report in cui sono stati inclusi il Dyadic Coping Questionnaire (Bodenmann, 1997) e il PFB (Halweg, 1996). Le analisi condotte (ANOVA e regressioni gerarchiche) hanno mostrato che il coping diadico è il più importante predittore della qualità della relazione; è più frequentemente utilizzato dalle coppie svizzere rispetto a quelle italiane e dalle Giovani coppie rispetto alle Coppie consolidate. I risultati hanno inoltre evidenziato che la comunicazione dello stress è migliore nelle Giovani coppie e il benessere di coppia decresce nel tempo., STRESS COMMUNICATION, DYADIC COPING AND COUPLE SATISFACTION: A CROSS-SECTIONAL AND CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY Anna Bertoni, Daniela Barni, Guy Bodenmann, Linda Charvoz, Simona Gagliardi, Raffaella Iafrate, Rosa Rosnati. Within a broader research project, we carried out a cross-cultural study aimed to analyse the link among stress communication, dyadic coping and marital adjustment in a sample of Italian and Swiss couples. The sample was composed of 349 couples (141 Italian couples and 208 Swiss couples) subdivided in Very Young Couples (0-3 years of relationship), Young Couples (3-10 years), Adult Couples (10-20 years), Advanced Couples (over 20 years). The instrument used was a self report questionnaire including the Dyadic Coping Questionnaire (Bodenmann, 1997) and the PFB (Halweg, 1996). The analyses (ANOVA; hyerarchical regression) showed that dyadic coping is the most important predictor of relationship quality; it is performed more frequently by Swiss couples than by Italian ones and by Young couples than by Advanced ones. Stress communication is better in Young couples and couples' satisfaction decreases in time.

Animals show a great variety in physiological and behavioural responses to stressors. These responses are often bimodally distributed within populations and show consistency on an individual level over time and across situations, which in terrestrial vertebrates have been identified as proactive and reactive stress coping strategies. Proactive animals show lower cortisol responses, higher sympathetic activation and brain serotonergic activity compared to reactive animals. Behaviourally, proactive animals are more aggressive, more active in avoiding stressors, they form routines and show fewer cases of conditioned immobility compared to reactive animals. Our aim has been to reveal if such stress coping strategies exist in fish. Our results show that rainbow trout with high (HR) or low (LR) cortisol responses to stressors differs in sympathetic activation and brain serotonin turnover in the same manner as proactive and reactive mammals. HR fish showed less locomotor activity when reared in large groups (30 individuals) compared to LR fish. When reared in isolation there were no differences between HR and LR fish when exposed to stressors within a familiar environment. The adaption of a proactive coping style among reactive coping individuals when they are challenged within a familiar environment has previously been shown to be distinction between proactive and reactive coping mammals. However, when they were transferred to unfamiliar environments a behavioural difference between the two lines was observed indicating different stress coping strategies akin to those described in mammals. Finally, we observed a consistency over time in the cortisol response of an unselected line of rainbow trout. Fish from this line also demonstrated a correlation between behavioural responses to different stressors. However, there was no apparent connection between these behavioural responses and the cortisol response. Overall, the results of this thesis have strengthened the hypothesis

This project was designed to develop a stress coping program for drill instructors. The program consists of (1) 6 videotaped modules on key times concerning stress and coping, (2) 8 vignettes on recurrent problem situations and how to handle them, and (3) follow-up seminars for graduate drill instructors. Instructor manuals and student workbooks were also developed. Data gathered indicated that the stress-coping has high interest value and perceived applicability. Evaluative studies yielded positive results.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects that stress training has on stressful flight operations to mitigate the human factors preconditions to aircraft accidents. In addition, stress training implementation strategies were investigated in order to develop pedagogy pertinent to stress training. A series of three empirical experiments were performed to test the transfer of both human emotional states and task skills from a virtual environment to subsequent test scenarios. Results indicated that stress training improved performance, decreased physiological responses to stress, and decreased subjective appraisals of stress in a simulator criterion session. A second experiment tested the generalization of these results to a novel, real-world stressor. In this study, stress training in a flight simulator was found to enhance performance and moderate the adverse effects of stress when piloting an aircraft in a stressful flight environment. A third empirical study tested the transfer of flight simulator skills to a real-world flying task. Flight simulator training improved the performance of a training group when compared to a no-training, control group. This line of research demonstrates stress training as a viable approach for preparing trainees for stressful flight environments and stress in general., http://archive.org/details/stresseffectsont1094510441, Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

Diplomová práce na téma „Vyhodnocování, zvládání a snižování stresu“ se zabývá touto v současné době často diskutovanou problematikou se zaměřením na možné příčiny pracovního stresu, vlivu stresu na zdraví a techniky zvládání stresu. Teoretická část pojednává o stresu a souvisejících pojmech. V praktické části jsem provedla analýzu stresové zátěže některých zaměstnanců společnosti dm drogerie markt, s.r.o. Závěrem jsem formulovala opatření vedoucí ke snížení stresu na tomto pracovišti., The thesis with title „Stress Evaluation, Coping and Reduction“ is dealing with this nowadays and often discussed problems focused on possibly purposes of work stress, influence of stress on health and techniques of stress coping. The theoretical part concerns on stress and relate topics. In the practical part I have made an analysis of stress load on some employees of dm drogerie markt limited liability company. In conclusion I have suggested proposals leading to stress reduction on this workplace.

Diplomová práce na téma „Vyhodnocování, zvládání a snižování stresu“ se zabývá touto v současné době často diskutovanou problematikou se zaměřením na možné příčiny pracovního stresu, vlivu stresu na zdraví a techniky zvládání stresu. Teoretická část pojednává o stresu a souvisejících pojmech. V praktické části jsem provedla analýzu stresové zátěže některých zaměstnanců společnosti dm drogerie markt, s.r.o. Závěrem jsem formulovala opatření vedoucí ke snížení stresu na tomto pracovišti., The thesis with title „Stress Evaluation, Coping and Reduction“ is dealing with this nowadays and often discussed problems focused on possibly purposes of work stress, influence of stress on health and techniques of stress coping. The theoretical part concerns on stress and relate topics. In the practical part I have made an analysis of stress load on some employees of dm drogerie markt limited liability company. In conclusion I have suggested proposals leading to stress reduction on this workplace.

Diplomová práce na téma „Vyhodnocování, zvládání a snižování stresu“ se zabývá touto v současné době často diskutovanou problematikou se zaměřením na možné příčiny pracovního stresu, vlivu stresu na zdraví a techniky zvládání stresu. Teoretická část pojednává o stresu a souvisejících pojmech. V praktické části jsem provedla analýzu stresové zátěže některých zaměstnanců společnosti dm drogerie markt, s.r.o. Závěrem jsem formulovala opatření vedoucí ke snížení stresu na tomto pracovišti., The thesis with title „Stress Evaluation, Coping and Reduction“ is dealing with this nowadays and often discussed problems focused on possibly purposes of work stress, influence of stress on health and techniques of stress coping. The theoretical part concerns on stress and relate topics. In the practical part I have made an analysis of stress load on some employees of dm drogerie markt limited liability company. In conclusion I have suggested proposals leading to stress reduction on this workplace.

Diplomová práce na téma „Vyhodnocování, zvládání a snižování stresu“ se zabývá touto v současné době často diskutovanou problematikou se zaměřením na možné příčiny pracovního stresu, vlivu stresu na zdraví a techniky zvládání stresu. Teoretická část pojednává o stresu a souvisejících pojmech. V praktické části jsem provedla analýzu stresové zátěže některých zaměstnanců společnosti dm drogerie markt, s.r.o. Závěrem jsem formulovala opatření vedoucí ke snížení stresu na tomto pracovišti., The thesis with title „Stress Evaluation, Coping and Reduction“ is dealing with this nowadays and often discussed problems focused on possibly purposes of work stress, influence of stress on health and techniques of stress coping. The theoretical part concerns on stress and relate topics. In the practical part I have made an analysis of stress load on some employees of dm drogerie markt limited liability company. In conclusion I have suggested proposals leading to stress reduction on this workplace.