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The Bureau of Transportation Statistics Style Manual is designed to ensure content created and published under the BTS banner is accessible to the broadest possible audience, has consistent style and branding, and is helpful to users navigating the production process.

Design systems have gained traction in the last few years. They have been primarily used by big tech companies to improve collaboration between designers and developers and to speed up the development process of their digital products. There is no formal definition of what a design system is and what it should entail as of the time of writing. It is believed that communication breakdown during the creation of design systems occurs because designers and developers do not understand each other’s fields of expertise. The purpose of this study is to explore common aspects that cause communication breakdown between developers and designers when creating a design system. The method of choice for this study is semi- structured interviews conducted with frontend/web developers, exploring their views and experiences. The results of this study indicate that there are both similarities and differences between peoples’ views on design systems and that the lack of understanding of a developer's field of work can be seen as an aspect that can cause a communication breakdown. Furthermore, the results imply that one of the factors which can contribute to a more successful understanding of the handoff for developers is the visualization of the design. The major limitations of this study are the lack of scientific literature on the topic of design systems as well as the limited number of participants.

Design systems have gained traction in the last few years. They have been primarily used by big tech companies to improve collaboration between designers and developers and to speed up the development process of their digital products. There is no formal definition of what a design system is and what it should entail as of the time of writing. It is believed that communication breakdown during the creation of design systems occurs because designers and developers do not understand each other’s fields of expertise. The purpose of this study is to explore common aspects that cause communication breakdown between developers and designers when creating a design system. The method of choice for this study is semi- structured interviews conducted with frontend/web developers, exploring their views and experiences. The results of this study indicate that there are both similarities and differences between peoples’ views on design systems and that the lack of understanding of a developer's field of work can be seen as an aspect that can cause a communication breakdown. Furthermore, the results imply that one of the factors which can contribute to a more successful understanding of the handoff for developers is the visualization of the design. The major limitations of this study are the lack of scientific literature on the topic of design systems as well as the limited number of participants.

The byzantine conventions of advanced academic writing in English are notoriously difficult for graduate students and junior scholars to gain control over. Global higher education and academic publishing have seen a massive expansion in recent years, so that the ability to demonstrate insider disciplinary competence and a grasp of scholarly persuasion has become essential for academic success. With courses in English for Research and Publication Purposes (ERPP) in their infancy and unknown in many countries, writers often turn to the advice of style manuals for guidance. Here they often find recommendations to follow general principles of clarity, brevity and objectivity and are given advice on specific features to achieve this. In this paper we examine three of the most commonly referred to features: demonstrative ‘this’, existential ‘there’ and first-person pronouns. With the aid of a diachronic corpus of articles from four disciplines over the past 50 years, we find that expert use of these features has increasingly departed from the advice in the guides. We describe how the use of these features has changed and stress what instructors in ERPP courses might teach, El dominio de las complejas convenciones de la escritura académica avanzada en inglés entraña muchas dificultades para los estudiantes de posgrado y los jóvenes investigadores. Debido a la enorme expansión que han experimentado en los últimos años la educación superior y la publicación académica, ser capaz de demostrar una plena competencia disciplinar y una gran capacidad de persuasión académica se ha convertido en un factor esencial para el éxito académico. En la medida en que los cursos de inglés para fines de investigación están actualmente en una fase inicial de implantación e, incluso, son desconocidos en muchos países, muchos recurren a los consejos de los manuales de estilo, que suelen recomendar seguir los principios de claridad, brevedad y objetividad y ofrecen orientaciones respecto a mecanismos específicos para lograrlo. En este artículo examinamos tres de los mecanismos lingüísticos a los que más suele hacerse referencia: el demostrativo this, el existencial there y los pronombres de primera persona. Con la ayuda de un corpus diacrónico compuesto por artículos de cuatro disciplinas publicados en los últimos cincuenta años, hemos hallado que el uso de estos mecanismos por parte de investigadores expertos se ha ido desviando paulatinamente de los consejos ofrecidos en las guías. Asimismo, describimos cómo ha evolucionado el uso de estos mecanismos y mostramos qué es lo que los docentes deberían enseñar en asignaturas de inglés para fines de investigación

The byzantine conventions of advanced academic writing in English are notoriously difficult for graduate students and junior scholars to gain control over. Global higher education and academic publishing have seen a massive expansion in recent years, so that the ability to demonstrate insider disciplinary competence and a grasp of scholarly persuasion has become essential for academic success. With courses in English for Research and Publication Purposes (ERPP) in their infancy and unknown in many countries, writers often turn to the advice of style manuals for guidance. Here they often find recommendations to follow general principles of clarity, brevity and objectivity and are given advice on specific features to achieve this. In this paper we examine three of the most commonly referred to features: demonstrative ‘this’, existential ‘there’ and first-person pronouns. With the aid of a diachronic corpus of articles from four disciplines over the past 50 years, we find that expert use of these features has increasingly departed from the advice in the guides. We describe how the use of these features has changed and stress what instructors in ERPP courses might teach, El dominio de las complejas convenciones de la escritura académica avanzada en inglés entraña muchas dificultades para los estudiantes de posgrado y los jóvenes investigadores. Debido a la enorme expansión que han experimentado en los últimos años la educación superior y la publicación académica, ser capaz de demostrar una plena competencia disciplinar y una gran capacidad de persuasión académica se ha convertido en un factor esencial para el éxito académico. En la medida en que los cursos de inglés para fines de investigación están actualmente en una fase inicial de implantación e, incluso, son desconocidos en muchos países, muchos recurren a los consejos de los manuales de estilo, que suelen recomendar seguir los principios de claridad, brevedad y objetividad y ofrecen orientaciones respecto a mecanismos específicos para lograrlo. En este artículo examinamos tres de los mecanismos lingüísticos a los que más suele hacerse referencia: el demostrativo this, el existencial there y los pronombres de primera persona. Con la ayuda de un corpus diacrónico compuesto por artículos de cuatro disciplinas publicados en los últimos cincuenta años, hemos hallado que el uso de estos mecanismos por parte de investigadores expertos se ha ido desviando paulatinamente de los consejos ofrecidos en las guías. Asimismo, describimos cómo ha evolucionado el uso de estos mecanismos y mostramos qué es lo que los docentes deberían enseñar en asignaturas de inglés para fines de investigación

[ES] Para mantener el posicionamiento en el mercado de una marca es importante mantener una identidad visual. Por tanto, la finalidad de este proyecto es definir una marca de cosmética y cuidado corporal en su totalidad, analizando todos los aspectos que envuelven a la misma y a su competencia, además de crear un Manual de Identidad Corporativa y una Guía de Estilo aplicada al Packaging de sus productos. Con este proyecto se pretende establecer una serie de valores y normas de uso para la correcta utilización de la marca en sus distintas aplicaciones, que servirán como valores propios de distinción como marca., [EN] To maintain the positioning of a brand in the market it is important to maintain a visual identity. Therefore, the purpose of this project is to define a brand of cosmetics and body care in its entirety, analyzing all the aspects that surround the same and its competence, in addition to creating a Corporate Identity Manual and a Style Guide applied to Packaging of your products. This project aims to establish a series of values and rules of use for the correct use of the brand in its different applications, which will serve as distinctive values as a brand.

[ES] Para mantener el posicionamiento en el mercado de una marca es importante mantener una identidad visual. Por tanto, la finalidad de este proyecto es definir una marca de cosmética y cuidado corporal en su totalidad, analizando todos los aspectos que envuelven a la misma y a su competencia, además de crear un Manual de Identidad Corporativa y una Guía de Estilo aplicada al Packaging de sus productos. Con este proyecto se pretende establecer una serie de valores y normas de uso para la correcta utilización de la marca en sus distintas aplicaciones, que servirán como valores propios de distinción como marca., [EN] To maintain the positioning of a brand in the market it is important to maintain a visual identity. Therefore, the purpose of this project is to define a brand of cosmetics and body care in its entirety, analyzing all the aspects that surround the same and its competence, in addition to creating a Corporate Identity Manual and a Style Guide applied to Packaging of your products. This project aims to establish a series of values and rules of use for the correct use of the brand in its different applications, which will serve as distinctive values as a brand.

[ES] Para mantener el posicionamiento en el mercado de una marca es importante mantener una identidad visual. Por tanto, la finalidad de este proyecto es definir una marca de cosmética y cuidado corporal en su totalidad, analizando todos los aspectos que envuelven a la misma y a su competencia, además de crear un Manual de Identidad Corporativa y una Guía de Estilo aplicada al Packaging de sus productos. Con este proyecto se pretende establecer una serie de valores y normas de uso para la correcta utilización de la marca en sus distintas aplicaciones, que servirán como valores propios de distinción como marca., [EN] To maintain the positioning of a brand in the market it is important to maintain a visual identity. Therefore, the purpose of this project is to define a brand of cosmetics and body care in its entirety, analyzing all the aspects that surround the same and its competence, in addition to creating a Corporate Identity Manual and a Style Guide applied to Packaging of your products. This project aims to establish a series of values and rules of use for the correct use of the brand in its different applications, which will serve as distinctive values as a brand.

This paper focuses on the use of Twitter in institutional communication. Many institutions are still unaware of how Twitter works and the great potential that it has for corporate communication. Twitter allows institutions to provide relevant content to the users and allows starting conversations, facilitating the creation of communities. The institution not only provides information but also receives it from the community. The purpose of this paper is the creation of a “manual” on the principal premises that an institution must follow to communicate effectively on Twitter with its target audience., O presente trabalho centra-se no uso do Twitter como meio de comunicação institucional. Muitas instituições ainda desconhecem o funcionamento do Twitter e o grande potencial que ele tem para a comunicação corporativa.O Twitter permite às instituições aportar conteúdo relevante para os usuários e iniciar conversas, facilitando acriação de comunidades em torno a elas. A instituição não só oferece informação, também recebe informação dacomunidade. O objetivo deste artigo é a criação de uma espécie de “manual”, que recolha as principais premissasque deve seguir uma instituição para se comunicar de maneira eficiente com seu público objetivo no Twitter., El presente trabajo se centra en el uso de Twitter como medio de comunicación institucional. Muchas instituciones aún desconocen el funcionamiento de Twitter y el gran potencial que este tiene para la comunicación corporativa. Twitter permite a las instituciones aportar contenido relevante para los usuarios e iniciar conversaciones, facilitando la creación de comunidades en torno a ellas. La institución no solo ofrece información, también la recibe de la comunidad. El objetivo de este artículo es la creación de una especie de “manual” que recoja las principales premisas que debe seguir una institución para comunicarse de manera eficiente con su público objetivo en Twitter.

This paper focuses on the use of Twitter in institutional communication. Many institutions are still unaware of how Twitter works and the great potential that it has for corporate communication. Twitter allows institutions to provide relevant content to the users and allows starting conversations, facilitating the creation of communities. The institution not only provides information but also receives it from the community. The purpose of this paper is the creation of a “manual” on the principal premises that an institution must follow to communicate effectively on Twitter with its target audience., O presente trabalho centra-se no uso do Twitter como meio de comunicação institucional. Muitas instituições ainda desconhecem o funcionamento do Twitter e o grande potencial que ele tem para a comunicação corporativa.O Twitter permite às instituições aportar conteúdo relevante para os usuários e iniciar conversas, facilitando acriação de comunidades em torno a elas. A instituição não só oferece informação, também recebe informação dacomunidade. O objetivo deste artigo é a criação de uma espécie de “manual”, que recolha as principais premissasque deve seguir uma instituição para se comunicar de maneira eficiente com seu público objetivo no Twitter., El presente trabajo se centra en el uso de Twitter como medio de comunicación institucional. Muchas instituciones aún desconocen el funcionamiento de Twitter y el gran potencial que este tiene para la comunicación corporativa. Twitter permite a las instituciones aportar contenido relevante para los usuarios e iniciar conversaciones, facilitando la creación de comunidades en torno a ellas. La institución no solo ofrece información, también la recibe de la comunidad. El objetivo de este artículo es la creación de una especie de “manual” que recoja las principales premisas que debe seguir una institución para comunicarse de manera eficiente con su público objetivo en Twitter.

Social integration models of disability have undergone an evolution reinforced by the International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. In accordance with the concepts of disability and accessibility defined by the Convention, this research aims to find out if the Spanish media offer due, specific treatment to these issues. To achieve our research goal, we undergo a content analysis of the stylebooks of 5 major Spanish media –newspapers and news agencies., Los modelos de inserción social de la discapacidad han sufrido una evolución impulsada por la Convención Internacional sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad. Partiendo de los conceptos expuestos en dicha Convención, este trabajo explora el tratamiento específico de estas cuestiones en los medios de comunicación españoles. Para ello realiza un análisis de contenido en 5 libros de estilo de diarios y agencias de noticias.

Los modelos de inserción social de la discapacidad han sufrido una evolución impulsada por la Convención Internacional sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad. Partiendo de los conceptos expuestos en dicha Convención, este trabajo explora el tratamiento específico de estas cuestiones en los medios de comunicación españoles. Para ello realiza un análisis de contenido en 5 libros de estilo de diarios y agencias de noticias., Social integration models of disability have undergone an evolution reinforced by the International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. In accordance with the concepts of disability and accessibility defined by the Convention, this research aims to find out if the Spanish media offer due, specific treatment to these issues. To achieve our research goal, we undergo a content analysis of the stylebooks of 5 major Spanish media –newspapers and news agencies.

Los modelos de inserción social de la discapacidad han sufrido una evolución impulsada por la Convención Internacional sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad. Partiendo de los conceptos expuestos en dicha Convención, este trabajo explora el tratamiento específico de estas cuestiones en los medios de comunicación españoles. Para ello realiza un análisis de contenido en 5 libros de estilo de diarios y agencias de noticias., Social integration models of disability have undergone an evolution reinforced by the International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. In accordance with the concepts of disability and accessibility defined by the Convention, this research aims to find out if the Spanish media offer due, specific treatment to these issues. To achieve our research goal, we undergo a content analysis of the stylebooks of 5 major Spanish media –newspapers and news agencies.

Social integration models of disability have undergone an evolution reinforced by the International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. In accordance with the concepts of disability and accessibility defined by the Convention, this research aims to find out if the Spanish media offer due, specific treatment to these issues. To achieve our research goal, we undergo a content analysis of the stylebooks of 5 major Spanish media –newspapers and news agencies., Los modelos de inserción social de la discapacidad han sufrido una evolución impulsada por la Convención Internacional sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad. Partiendo de los conceptos expuestos en dicha Convención, este trabajo explora el tratamiento específico de estas cuestiones en los medios de comunicación españoles. Para ello realiza un análisis de contenido en 5 libros de estilo de diarios y agencias de noticias.

In 2005, the Quality Enhancement Plan (QEP) identified communication as one of the three pillars of leadership, and, in reaction, created the Leadership Communication Skills Center (LCSC) in 2007. Since the introduction of the QEP, the University has placed a greater emphasis on communication skills and publication. In addition, a 2008 Officer PME study, which identified the need for Joint Officers to have strong communications skills, further reinforced the need for a guide that Marine Corps University students can use both in the classroom and in the operating forces. As such, the Leadership Communication Skills Center was tasked with developing a user-friendly guide that would provide a communications reference for Marines at the University as well as for Marines in the operating forces. About the LCSC The Leadership Communication Skills Center is a resource designed to support MCU students, faculty, and staff. The Center provides one-on-one sessions to help students improve their research, writing, and oral communication skills in a non-threatening environment. In addition, the Center helps students to edit and prepare their work for publication/contests. The LCSC also supports MCU faculty and staff by providing educational programs and editing work for publication. The LCSC's focus and operating procedures are included on page xiii. About the Style Guide: Purpose, Style, and Format Purpose This style guide serves three main purposes: First, the guide introduces a uniform style and procedure of writing that will be implemented university-wide. Second, the guide provides University students with a user-friendly reference for effective communication that they can refer to when they return to the operating forces. Finally, the guide directs students to additional resources for effective communication guidelines.

With the advance of reliable network technology, software development has progressed from traditional, platform-centric software construction to network-centric software evolution. An evidence of this change is largely reflected in the technologies that are supporting the emerging theory of Network-Centric Operations (NCO). Amongst these technologies is software architecture as a software engineering sub-discipline. Although the concepts of network centricity are widely recognized within the software and system engineering communities, no unified characterization of network-centric software systems is unanimously adopted. The state-of-the-practice is characterized by differing interpretations about how we should design and implement this class of systems. In this research, our focus is twofold: 1) Providing a characterization framework to reason about network-centric software systems and 2) introducing one solution approach to designing this class of system based on a new architectural style, the network-centric architectural style. In so doing, we set the stage for the software architecture community to analyze the "fitness of use" of current architectural styles and architecture design practices within this new network-centric paradigm. In addition, we set the stage for our continued research that will address further software engineering challenges pertinent to network-centric software systems, which include capability-based requirements engineering and quality attributes-based design.

With the advance of reliable network technology, software development has progressed from traditional, platform-centric software construction to network-centric software evolution. An evidence of this change is largely reflected in the technologies that are supporting the emerging theory of Network-Centric Operations (NCO). Amongst these technologies is software architecture as a software engineering sub-discipline. Although the concepts of network centricity are widely recognized within the software and system engineering communities, no unified characterization of network-centric software systems is unanimously adopted. The state-of-the-practice is characterized by differing interpretations about how we should design and implement this class of systems. In this research, our focus is twofold: 1) Providing a characterization framework to reason about network-centric software systems and 2) introducing one solution approach to designing this class of system based on a new architectural style, the network-centric architectural style. In so doing, we set the stage for the software architecture community to analyze the "fitness of use" of current architectural styles and architecture design practices within this new network-centric paradigm. In addition, we set the stage for our continued research that will address further software engineering challenges pertinent to network-centric software systems, which include capability-based requirements engineering and quality attributes-based design.

The purpose of this Thesis Manual is to provide academic procedural guidelines for Master of Science students in the basic sciences at Thomas Jefferson University. Procedures for preparation and approval of the research proposal, committee meetings, writing of the thesis and the oral presentation of the Master's thesis are described.

Several tools for working with guidelines already exist, both as commercial products as well as within research and development. As these tools frequently manipulate guidelines during many development steps of a user interface of an interactive application, they can overthrow any approach followed to develop this application. They also raise the fundamental question of to what extent can we trust these tools. To answer this question, we introduce five development milestones through which we must pass to produce a high quality tool for working with guidelines: 1. An initial unstructured but comprehensive set of guidelines is formed by collecting, gathering, merging, compiling guidelines from all available world-wide ergonomic sources. 2. The initial set is sorted and classified within a single organising framework. 3. A methodology, paying particular attention to finding and applying relevant guidelines is developed for grounding interactive applications on the organised set of guidelines. 4. The structured guidelines and the supporting methodology are given computational representations for manipulation by computer-based tools. 5. The methodology developed in (3) is further modified to optimise the effectiveness of computer-assisted user interface design. In this paper, we define these milestones and their associated goals, specify a general procedure and discuss some problems raised at each milestone. We then deliver an analytic synthesis of various experiences acquired to solve these problems and we discuss the validity of these experiences from the point of view of completeness, consistency and correctness. From these experiences, we finally draw some lessons useful for any future usage and development of a tool for working with guidelines. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

New approaches on human-computer issues are required in designing user interfaces for skilled professionals in specific domains. By including domain knowledge earlier in the development process applications development can be simplified. The advantages of a domain specific design are obvious; 1. Increased efficiency in the development process and in the final application. 2. Enhanced possibilities for effective user participation. 3. Reduced development time and cost. Domain specific design requires a careful analysis of information utilisation. The analysis results in a design specified in a special design language interpretable by the construction tool. This paper outlines a framework for a domain specific design and development process. Design was earlier supported mainly by cognitive theories on human computer interaction and user modelling. In the domain specific approach design issues are concentrated on efficient development of effective human-computer interfaces. Our purpose is to identify the main steps of the process analysis of information utilisation, design and construction with special emphasis on their documentation. The different documentations can be seen as interfaces or bridges between preceding and succeeding steps in the development process, and are to be specified in some kind of formal or semiformal language. We are currently working on the specification of these languages. Our development process is compared to development using traditional UIMS, with emphasis on the possible benefits; cost and time savings, increased possibilities for effective user participation and increased modularity. The domain of case handling accentuates the domain specific development as a general approach on a large number of administrative work situations where case administrators interact with customers or clients. Case handling is an important domain with many end-users using their skills for complex information retrieval and decision making. This domain is descr, NR 20140805

RIVM rapport:The LAE-department (Laboratory for Waste Materials and Emissions) is developing an Environmental Information and Planning Model (RIM+). This is a collection of applications based on an Ingres database. For the development of the applications Windows4GL is used in combination with embedded SQL for C and ARC/INFO for the geographical data. Windows4GL is the graphical development environment of Ingres. With this style guide we try to harmonise the user interface of the different applications. Furthermore it helps us to interchange the knowledge from the different RIM+ development groups inside and outside the RIVM. This is done in three ways: - By guidelines and rules about the user interface. - By using a standard way of programming in order to make the maintenance of an application more easy. Developers can use each other code. - By presenting a number of in house developed tools for programming, like a help-system, a standardised picklist-procedure, a mechanism to set defaults for each user and a link to the CASE-tool SDW from CAP Volmac. Appendix 2 gives in a few pages a summary for programmers.

RIVM rapport:The LAE-department (Laboratory for Waste Materials and Emissions) is developing an Environmental Information and Planning Model (RIM+). This is a collection of applications based on an Ingres database. For the development of the applications Windows4GL is used in combination with embedded SQL for C and ARC/INFO for the geographical data. Windows4GL is the graphical development environment of Ingres. With this style guide we try to harmonise the user interface of the different applications. Furthermore it helps us to interchange the knowledge from the different RIM+ development groups inside and outside the RIVM. This is done in three ways: - By guidelines and rules about the user interface. - By using a standard way of programming in order to make the maintenance of an application more easy. Developers can use each other code. - By presenting a number of in house developed tools for programming, like a help-system, a standardised picklist-procedure, a mechanism to set defaults for each user and a link to the CASE-tool SDW from CAP Volmac. Appendix 2 gives in a few pages a summary for programmers.

RIVM rapport:The LAE-department (Laboratory for Waste Materials and Emissions) is developing an Environmental Information and Planning Model (RIM+). This is a collection of applications based on an Ingres database. For the development of the applications Windows4GL is used in combination with embedded SQL for C and ARC/INFO for the geographical data. Windows4GL is the graphical development environment of Ingres. With this style guide we try to harmonise the user interface of the different applications. Furthermore it helps us to interchange the knowledge from the different RIM+ development groups inside and outside the RIVM. This is done in three ways: - By guidelines and rules about the user interface. - By using a standard way of programming in order to make the maintenance of an application more easy. Developers can use each other code. - By presenting a number of in house developed tools for programming, like a help-system, a standardised picklist-procedure, a mechanism to set defaults for each user and a link to the CASE-tool SDW from CAP Volmac. Appendix 2 gives in a few pages a summary for programmers.