Search

Bioluminescencia je citlivá zobrazovacia metóda, ktorá je založená na enzymaticky katalyzovanej oxidácii luciferínu. Luciferín je špecifický substrát a luciferáza je katalyzujúci enzým. Výsledkom tejto reakcie je emisia fotónov. V biologickom výskume je najpoužívanejšia luciferáza zo svetlušiek. Zobrazovanie pomocou bioluminescencie je vysoko citlivá technika, ktorá je vhodná na dlhodobé štúdie v kultivovaných bunkách a živých organizmoch. Má obzvlášť silný vplyv v štúdiách progresie nádoru u živých myší. V súhrne, táto práca je zameraná na živočíchy schopné bioluminescencie a následné využitie bioluminescenčného zobrazovania v oblasti nádorovej diagnostiky., Bioluminescence is a sensitive imaging method, which is based on enzymatically catalyzed oxidation of luciferin. Luciferin is a specific substrate and luciferase is a catalyzing enzyme. Result of this reaction is photon emission. In biological research is the most widely used luciferase of firefly. Bioluminescence imaging is a highly sensitive technique, which is suitable for long-term studies in cultured cells and living organisms. It has a particularly strong effect in tumor progression studies in live mice. In summary, this work is focused on animals capable of bioluminescence and subsequent use of bioluminescence imaging in the field of tumor diagnostics., Fakulta chemicko-technologická, 1. Prezentace výsledků bakalářské práce. 2. Diskuze k posudku vedoucího bakalářské práce. 3. Studentka zodpověděla všechny dotazy a připomínky k BP., Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobou

The authors report a case of bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation associated with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. A novel imaging finding on indocyanine green angiography of a "string of sausages" pattern in the large choroidal vessels is described. This occurs in areas of alternating retinal pigment epithelial hypertrophy and destruction, which is likely to be its cause. To the authors' knowledge, it has not been previously described.Copyright © 2019 Slack Incorporated. All rights reserved.

The authors report a case of bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation associated with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. A novel imaging finding on indocyanine green angiography of a "string of sausages" pattern in the large choroidal vessels is described. This occurs in areas of alternating retinal pigment epithelial hypertrophy and destruction, which is likely to be its cause. To the authors' knowledge, it has not been previously described.Copyright © 2019 Slack Incorporated. All rights reserved.

Background: The lung is the most common single site of origin of neuroendocrine cancers, and lung neuroendocrine tumor (LNET) incidence and prevalence is rising. There is a lack of both LNET-specific data and up to date clinical guidance. Management of LNETs often relies on extrapolation from other tumor sites. The Commonwealth Neuroendocrine Tumour Collaboration (CommNETS) and North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (NANETS) sought to consider current data and provide updated guidance on LNET diagnosis and management. Method(s): The latest best practice consensus on LNETs was published by the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) in 2015. A review of content and methods using the AGREE II Rigour of Development subscale (www.agreetrust.org) confirmed the quality of the ENETS initiative, providing a basis for endorsement and update. A systematic literature search was conducted and a 22 member, multidisciplinary CommNETS/NANETS expert panel endorsed or modified recommendations from a patient-centered perspective. All statements were graded using Oxford criteria (CEBM.net). Result(s): A total of 230 studies were identified for consideration by the panel. Recommendations were modified or added to reflect clinical data not available in 2015. Out of the 52 ENETS statements, 40% were endorsed, 58% were modified or updated, one was removed and four were added. Themes identified in the consensus update include new statements, practice changing modifications, augmented grades of recommendation and statement refinements, each addressing specialties ranging from epidemiology, pathology and diagnosis to treatment and follow-up (Table 1). The importance of LNET directed research and patient-centered care throughout the treatment trajectory is also emphasized, along with directions for future research. Conclusion(s): Ongoing collaboration is essential for future development of updated LNET clinical guidance and to direct research efforts in a patient-centered context.

Prognostic genomic biomarkers that can be measured at diagnosis to aid choice of treatment options are unavailable for most common cancers. This is due in part to the poor quality and quantity of available diagnostic specimens for discovery research and to limitations in genomic technologies. Recent technical advances now enable high-density molecular analyses using suboptimal biological specimens. Here we describe the optimization of a transcriptome-specific protocol for use with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) diagnostic prostate cancer (PrCa) specimens. We applied the Ion AmpliSeq Transcriptome Human Gene Expression Kit (AmpliSeq Kit) to RNA samples extracted from 36 tumor-enriched and 16 adjacent normal tissues (ADJNT) from 37 FFPE PrCa specimens over a series of eight pilot studies, incorporating protocol modifications from Pilots 2 to 5. Data quality were measured by (1) the total number of mapped reads; (2) the percentage of reads that mapped to AmpliSeq target regions (OnTarget%); (3) the percentage of genes on the AmpliSeq panel with a read count >=10 (TargetsDetected%); and (4) comparing the gene read-count distribution of the prostate tissue samples with the median gene read-count distribution of cell line-derived RNA samples. Modifications incorporated into Pilot study 5 provided gene expression data equivalent to cell line-derived RNA samples. These modifications included the use of freshly cut slides for macrodissection; increased tissue section thickness (8 mum); RNA extraction using the RecoverAll Total Nucleic Acid Isolation Kit for FFPE (ThermoFisher); 18 target amplification cycles; and processing six samples per Ion PI chip. This protocol will facilitate the discovery of prognostic biomarkers for cancer by allowing researchers to exploit previously underutilized diagnostic FFPE specimens.Copyright © 2018 United States & Canadian Academy of Pathology.

Background: The lung is the most common single site of origin of neuroendocrine cancers, and lung neuroendocrine tumor (LNET) incidence and prevalence is rising. There is a lack of both LNET-specific data and up to date clinical guidance. Management of LNETs often relies on extrapolation from other tumor sites. The Commonwealth Neuroendocrine Tumour Collaboration (CommNETS) and North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (NANETS) sought to consider current data and provide updated guidance on LNET diagnosis and management. Method(s): The latest best practice consensus on LNETs was published by the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) in 2015. A review of content and methods using the AGREE II Rigour of Development subscale (www.agreetrust.org) confirmed the quality of the ENETS initiative, providing a basis for endorsement and update. A systematic literature search was conducted and a 22 member, multidisciplinary CommNETS/NANETS expert panel endorsed or modified recommendations from a patient-centered perspective. All statements were graded using Oxford criteria (CEBM.net). Result(s): A total of 230 studies were identified for consideration by the panel. Recommendations were modified or added to reflect clinical data not available in 2015. Out of the 52 ENETS statements, 40% were endorsed, 58% were modified or updated, one was removed and four were added. Themes identified in the consensus update include new statements, practice changing modifications, augmented grades of recommendation and statement refinements, each addressing specialties ranging from epidemiology, pathology and diagnosis to treatment and follow-up (Table 1). The importance of LNET directed research and patient-centered care throughout the treatment trajectory is also emphasized, along with directions for future research. Conclusion(s): Ongoing collaboration is essential for future development of updated LNET clinical guidance and to direct research efforts in a patient-centered context.

Background: Infantile hemangioma (IH) with minimal or arrested growth (IH-MAG) is becoming increasingly recognized in the literature. It is important to be aware of their existence, because the correct diagnosis is essential for prognostication and treatment and, in the case of facial segmental lesions, the direction of further investigations if PHACE (posterior fossa abnormalities and other structural brain abnormalities; hemangioma(s) of the cervical facial region; arterial cerebrovascular anomalies; cardiac defects, aortic coarctation, and other aortic abnormalities; eye anomalies) syndrome or Sturge-Weber syndrome is suspected. Although the clinical and histologic characteristics of IH-MAG resemble capillary malformations, positive GLUT-1 status is a delineating feature. Method(s): We reviewed nine cases of infants who presented after 2000 with birthmarks showing unique clinical features suggestive of a special variant of IHs. All patients had serial photographs taken demonstrating resolution of the birthmark over time. Five of these cases had skin biopsy performed, all of which confirmed GLUT-1 positivity. Result(s): This photographic series of IH-MAG demonstrates their unique clinical, histologic, and immunochemistry features. They were nearly fully formed at birth, and their common clinical features included telangiectasia, venules, and matte erythema with light and dark areas. Spontaneous resolution over time without cosmetic disfigurement was the observed natural history in the majority of cases. Conclusion(s): IH-MAG is a unique clinical subset of hemangioma for which close observation is the preferred treatment. When in doubt, a biopsy for histology and GLUT-1 status may be needed to confirm the diagnosis before embarking on unnecessary laser treatment or medical interventions.Copyright © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Background: Infantile hemangioma (IH) with minimal or arrested growth (IH-MAG) is becoming increasingly recognized in the literature. It is important to be aware of their existence, because the correct diagnosis is essential for prognostication and treatment and, in the case of facial segmental lesions, the direction of further investigations if PHACE (posterior fossa abnormalities and other structural brain abnormalities; hemangioma(s) of the cervical facial region; arterial cerebrovascular anomalies; cardiac defects, aortic coarctation, and other aortic abnormalities; eye anomalies) syndrome or Sturge-Weber syndrome is suspected. Although the clinical and histologic characteristics of IH-MAG resemble capillary malformations, positive GLUT-1 status is a delineating feature. Method(s): We reviewed nine cases of infants who presented after 2000 with birthmarks showing unique clinical features suggestive of a special variant of IHs. All patients had serial photographs taken demonstrating resolution of the birthmark over time. Five of these cases had skin biopsy performed, all of which confirmed GLUT-1 positivity. Result(s): This photographic series of IH-MAG demonstrates their unique clinical, histologic, and immunochemistry features. They were nearly fully formed at birth, and their common clinical features included telangiectasia, venules, and matte erythema with light and dark areas. Spontaneous resolution over time without cosmetic disfigurement was the observed natural history in the majority of cases. Conclusion(s): IH-MAG is a unique clinical subset of hemangioma for which close observation is the preferred treatment. When in doubt, a biopsy for histology and GLUT-1 status may be needed to confirm the diagnosis before embarking on unnecessary laser treatment or medical interventions.Copyright © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

IgG4 related disease is a poorly understood immune mediated condition. Lung involvement is rare and difficult to diagnose and can mimic primary lung malignancy on imaging. A patient who was found to have an incidental lung lesion with risk factors for primary pulmonary malignancy is reported.Copyright © 2016 Mihir Patel et al.

IgG4 related disease is a poorly understood immune mediated condition. Lung involvement is rare and difficult to diagnose and can mimic primary lung malignancy on imaging. A patient who was found to have an incidental lung lesion with risk factors for primary pulmonary malignancy is reported.Copyright © 2016 Mihir Patel et al.

Diseased tissues exhibit changes in mechanical properties and thus possess clinical diagnostic significance. This dissertation focuses mainly on thyroid nodules that are commonly found in about 19-67% of the population and 5-10% of which are carcinoma. Currently the primary method of thyroid nodule diagnosis - Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC). FNAC has much room for improvement of diagnostic accuracy due to 15-32% nondiagnostic results and 20-30% indeterminate (suspicious) reports that lead for many complications for the patients. Furthermore, there is a wealth of variation of mechanical properties unique to different kinds of thyroid malignancies that are inaccessible with other existing methodologies. This dissertation introduces the novel concept of Fine Needle Elastography (FNE) and presents the design and development of a FNE Device prototype integrated with a FNAC needle that allows for quantitative and sensitive assessment of tissues and materials based on local variations in elastic, friction, and cutting forces on needle insertion. A piezoelectric force-sensor at the base of FNA needle measures the forces opposing needle penetration with the micrometer-scale resolution. The axial resolution (~20μm) of FNE device was tested using control mm size gelatin matrices and unripe pear in assessing needle penetration resistance, force heterogeneity and optimization of needle penetration velocity. Further, it is demonstrated the usefulness of FNE in quantitative, biomechanical differentiation of simulated thyroid tumor nodules in an ultrasound neck phantom. Fluid or solid nodules were probed in the phantom study coupled with real-time ultrasound guidance. The preliminary FNE data shows significantly higher force and stiffness variations (1-D Force Heterogeneity; HF,a=6.5mN, HF,q=8.25mN and Stiffness Heterogeneity; HS,a=0.0274kN/m, HS,q=0.0395kN/m) in solid nodules compared either to fluid nodules or to regions corresponding to simulated healthy thyroid tis

The article provides information on frequency, prevalence, and clinical manifestations of Kaposi's sarcoma and shows a case of a late clinical diagnosis of the disease. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart New York.

Background: Few studies have addressed the accuracy of clinical diagnosis of skin malignancies. The present prospective study aims to determine the accuracy with which these lesions are diagnosed and attempts to identify the factors influencing the accuracy of clinical diagnosis. Method(s): All patients undergoing surgical excision of a skin cancer with curative intent from January 2001 to December 2002 at Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, Australia were prospectively studied. Data were entered into the Filemaker Pro program and analysed using the SPSS software package. Result(s): A total of 2582 lesions were surgically excised from 1223 patients. Of these 47% were basal cell carcinomas (BCC), 20% were squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), 0.9% were malignant melanomas (MM), and 32.1% were benign or premalignant. Tumours, benign and malignant, were found to be more common in men. The sensitivity for clinical diagnosis of malignancy was 97.5% while the positive predictive value (PPV) for clinical diagnosis of malignancy was 70.3%. BCC and SCC was diagnosed with a sensitivity of 89% and 56.3%, and PPV of 64.5% and 40.3%, respectively (P < 0.001). 23 MM were excised with a sensitivity of clinical diagnosis of 47.8% and PPV of 30.6%. Sensitivity and PPV were also assessed according to clinical experience of the surgeon, site of the lesion and whether surgery was performed for a primary or a recurrent lesion. Sensitivity and PPV were higher for lesions diagnosed by consultant surgeons when compared with surgical trainees (P < 0.001) - MM was diagnosed with a sensitivity of 100% by consultant surgeons. Conclusion(s): The present study shows sensitivity and PPV rates comparable to published figures.

Background: Few studies have addressed the accuracy of clinical diagnosis of skin malignancies. The present prospective study aims to determine the accuracy with which these lesions are diagnosed and attempts to identify the factors influencing the accuracy of clinical diagnosis. Method(s): All patients undergoing surgical excision of a skin cancer with curative intent from January 2001 to December 2002 at Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, Australia were prospectively studied. Data were entered into the Filemaker Pro program and analysed using the SPSS software package. Result(s): A total of 2582 lesions were surgically excised from 1223 patients. Of these 47% were basal cell carcinomas (BCC), 20% were squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), 0.9% were malignant melanomas (MM), and 32.1% were benign or premalignant. Tumours, benign and malignant, were found to be more common in men. The sensitivity for clinical diagnosis of malignancy was 97.5% while the positive predictive value (PPV) for clinical diagnosis of malignancy was 70.3%. BCC and SCC was diagnosed with a sensitivity of 89% and 56.3%, and PPV of 64.5% and 40.3%, respectively (P < 0.001). 23 MM were excised with a sensitivity of clinical diagnosis of 47.8% and PPV of 30.6%. Sensitivity and PPV were also assessed according to clinical experience of the surgeon, site of the lesion and whether surgery was performed for a primary or a recurrent lesion. Sensitivity and PPV were higher for lesions diagnosed by consultant surgeons when compared with surgical trainees (P < 0.001) - MM was diagnosed with a sensitivity of 100% by consultant surgeons. Conclusion(s): The present study shows sensitivity and PPV rates comparable to published figures.

The early identification of the insurgence of a malignant cancer and the selective targeting of the tumor with specific drugs are still an open frontier for cancer diagnosis and treatment. The ultimate goal is to improve the therapy efficiency and to reduce the side effects usually encountered with conventional chemotherapy. Worldwide, mammary carcinoma represents the second most recurrent type of malignant tumor in adult women and the fifth cause of death among cancer types. In the context of this thesis, I have designed and developed multifunctional hybrid nanoparticles consisting of an inorganic iron oxide core, useful as source of signal for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and an organic shell, including bioactive ligands for the pharmacological effect combined with specific cell targeting, and a molecular dye as fluorescence signal emitter. The nanoparticle characteristics were optimized in terms of size, morphology, surface charge, stability, fluorescence emission and capability to enhance the MRI contrast. In addition, specific biomolecular ligands based on anti-HER-2 monoclonal antibody have been developed and novel strategies for their conjugation to nanoparticles were explored. The resulting hybrid nanocomplexes were tested both in vitro and in vivo to evaluate their toxicity, endocytosis, degradation pathways, and the efficient recognition of cell-surface biomarkers. Next, these nanoparticles proved to be highly effective in selectively targeting breast cancer cells in transplanted mice bearing HER-2-positive tumors. A multifaceted bioanalytical approach, combining fluorescence, magnetic relaxivity, transmission electron microscopy, and histological experiments in vivo and ex vivo, has demonstrated that these nanoprobes prevalently accumulated at the tumor by an active targeting route. The nanoparticles were endocytosed by the tumor cells following a lysosomal pathway of degradation, while did not result in permanent damage of healthy tissues. The princ, CORSI, FABIO, 1692, open, open, Colombo, Colombo, M