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Tesfaye Yimer Tadesse,1 Mulugeta Molla Zeleke,1 Samuel Berihun Dagnew,2 Getu Tesfaw Addis3 1Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, Health Science College, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia; 2Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Department of Pharmacy, Health Science College, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia; 3Social and Administrative Pharmacy Unit, Department of Pharmacy, Health Science College, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Tesfaye Yimer Tadesse, Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, Health Science College, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Amhara, 272, Ethiopia, Tel +251921313476, Email yimertesfaye00@gmail.comAbstract: The Urticaceae family contains 54 genera and more than 2000 species that can be found in tropical, subtropical, and temperate climates all over the world. This family includes the largest genus in the world, Urtica, which is also known as stinging nettle. Stinging hairs are present on the lower surface of the leaves and beneath the stems of Urtica simensis, also known as the stinging nettle, herbal nettle that is dioecious, upright, and unbranched. For the treatment of conditions like gastritis, heart disease, diabetes, gonorrhea, and malaria, people employ various portions of Urtica simensis in a variety of ways in traditional medicine. The Urtica simensis leaves are rich in variety of active secondary phytochemical constituents including terpenoids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, polyphenols, sterols, oxalate, and ascorbic acid (vitamin C). According to different reports, it possesses a variety of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, antiproliferative, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, antiulcer, antibacterial, and antifungal actions. The current review summarizes published and unpublished information about the ethnobotanical, phytochemical, ethnopharmacological, and toxicological reports of Urtica simensis and summarizes all the

Tesfaye Yimer Tadesse, Mulugeta Molla Zeleke, Samuel Berihun Dagnew Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Amhara, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Tesfaye Yimer Tadesse, Department of Pharmacy, Health Science College, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Amhara, 272, Ethiopia, Tel +251 9313476, Email tesfyim@dtu.edu.etAbstract: A peptic ulcer is described as the rupture of the mucosal integrity of the stomach, the duodenum, and, in certain cases, the lower esophagus as a result of contact with chloridopeptic secretions. The two most common kinds of peptic ulcer disorders are referred to as “gastric ulcer” and “duodenal ulcer.” The name is derived from the location of the ulceration. Despite the promise of a wide range of antiulcer treatments, these therapies are associated with several adverse reactions, including hypersensitivity, arrhythmia, impotence, gynecomastia, galactorrhea, hematological abnormalities, and kidney disease, which are intolerable for many patients. Nowadays, there is a lot of emphasis on finding new and innovative agents. As a result, herbal medicines are commonly utilized in circumstances when drugs are used for long periods and are also cost-efficient, effective, and readily available. In this review paper, a total of 82 medicinal plants have been identified and reported for their use in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. The majority of these medicinal plants are widely used throughout Ethiopia. However, only the safety and efficacy of Plantago lanceolata, Osyris quadripartita, Rumex nepalensis, Cordia africana, Croton macrostachyus, and Urtica simensis have been scientifically studied in animal models. Despite this, many medicinal plants’ pharmacological effects and chemistry have not been well studied scientifically. As a result, further bioactive compound characterization, efficacy, mechanism of action evaluation, and toxicity evaluation of medicinal

Tesfagegn Gobezie Yiblet,1 Asegedech Tsegaw,2 Nejat Ahmed,3 Samuel Berihun Dagnew,1 Tesfaye Yimer Tadesse,1 Zemene Demelash Kifle2 1Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia; 2University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Gondar, Ethiopia; 3Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Tesfagegn Gobezie Yiblet, Tel +251935462779, Email tesfaxx@gmail.comBackground: The root of Stephania abyssinica (Dill. and A. Rich.) Walp. (Menispermaceae) is traditionally used to treat wounds. Despite the fact that there have been in vitro studies and claims supporting wound healing, there has been no scientific data on the in vivo wound healing activities of the root of S. Abyssinica.Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the wound healing activity of 80% methanol root extract and solvent fractions of S. Abyssinica in mice.Methods: The roots of S. Abyssinica were air dried, ground and macerated by 80% methanol three times successively. The crude extract was fractionated by water, hexane and ethyl acetate separately. The acute dermal toxicity test was done by applying 2000 mg/kg of the 10% w/w crude extract. Wound healing activity of crude extract was evaluated on excision, incision and burn wound models, while the fractions were evaluated on excision wound model only.Results: In mice, an acute dermal toxicity test of 2000 mg/kg of the 10% w/w crude extract was found to be safe. The 10% w/w crude extract ointment (CEO) produced significant (p < 0.001) wound contraction from 4th to 16th post wounding days, and the 5% w/w CEO were significant (p < 0.01) wound contraction on 10th post wounding day as compared to simple ointment (SO) treated group on excision wound. On burn wound models, the CEO showed highly significant (p < 0.001) from the 6t