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1. Multidisciplinary investigation of two Egyptian child mummies curated at the University of Tartu Art Museum, Estonia (Late/Graeco-Roman Periods)

Author

Oras, E, Anderson, J, Tõrv, M, Vahur, S, Rammo, R, Remmer, S, Mölder, M, Malve, M, Saag, L, Saage, R, Teearu-Ojakäär, A, Peets, P, Tambets, K, Metspalu, M, Lees, David, Barclay, Maxwell, Hall, MJR, Ikram, S, Piombino-Mascali, D, Oras, E, Anderson, J, Tõrv, M, Vahur, S, Rammo, R, Remmer, S, Mölder, M, Malve, M, Saag, L, Saage, R, Teearu-Ojakäär, A, Peets, P, Tambets, K, Metspalu, M, Lees, David, Barclay, Maxwell, Hall, MJR, Ikram, S, and Piombino-Mascali, D

Abstract

Two ancient Egyptian child mummies at the University of Tartu Art Museum (Estonia) were, according to museum records, brought to Estonia by the young Baltic-German scholar Otto Friedrich von Richter, who had travelled in Egypt during the early 19th century. Although some studies of the mummies were conducted, a thorough investigation has never been made. Thus, an interdisciplinary team of experts studied the remains using the most recent analytical methods in order to provide an exhaustive analysis of the remains. The bodies were submitted for osteological and archaeothanatological study, radiological investigation, AMS radiocarbon dating, chemical and textile analyses, 3D modelling, entomological as well as aDNA investigation. Here we synthesize the results of one of the most extensive multidisciplinary analyses of ancient Egyptian child mummies, adding significantly to our knowledge of such examples of ancient funerary practices.

Published
2020

2. A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture

Author

Karmin, M., Saag, L., Vicente, M., Wilson Sayres, M.A., Jarve, M., Talas, U.G., Rootsi, S., Ilumae, A.M., Magi, R., Mitt, M., Pagani, L., Puurand, T., Faltyskova, Z., Clemente, F., Cardona, A., Metspalu, E., Sahakyan, H., Yunusbayev, B., Hudjashov, G., DeGiorgio, M., Loogvali, E.L., Eichstaedt, C., Eelmets, M., Chaubey, G., Tambets, K., Litvinov, S., Mormina, M., Xue, Y., Ayub, Q., Zoraqi, G., Korneliussen, T.S., Akhatova, F., Lachance, J., Tishkoff, S., Momynaliev, K., Ricaut, F.X., Kusuma, P., Razafindrazaka, H., Pierron, D., Cox, M.P., Sultana, G.N., Willerslev, R., Muller, C., Westaway, M., Lambert, D., Skaro, V., Kovacevic, L., Turdikulova, S., Dalimova, D., Khusainova, R., Trofimova, N., Akhmetova, V., Khidiyatova, I., Lichman, D.V., Isakova, J., Pocheshkhova, E., Sabitov, Z., Barashkov, N.A., Nymadawa, P., Mihailov, E., Seng, J.W., Evseeva, I., Migliano, A.B., Abdullah, S., Andriadze, G., Primorac, D., Atramentova, L., Utevska, O., Yepiskoposyan, L., Marjanovic, D., Kushniarevich, A., Behar, D.M., Gilissen, C., Vissers, L., Veltman, J.A., Balanovska, E., Derenko, M., Malyarchuk, B., Metspalu, A., Fedorova, S., Eriksson, A., Manica, A., Mendez, F.L., Karafet, T.M., Veeramah, K.R., Bradman, N., Hammer, M.F., Osipova, L.P., Balanovsky, O., Khusnutdinova, E.K., Johnsen, K., Remm, M., Thomas, M.G., Tyler-Smith, C., Underhill, P.A., Willerslev, E., Nielsen, R., Metspalu, M., Villems, R., Kivisild, T., Karmin, M., Saag, L., Vicente, M., Wilson Sayres, M.A., Jarve, M., Talas, U.G., Rootsi, S., Ilumae, A.M., Magi, R., Mitt, M., Pagani, L., Puurand, T., Faltyskova, Z., Clemente, F., Cardona, A., Metspalu, E., Sahakyan, H., Yunusbayev, B., Hudjashov, G., DeGiorgio, M., Loogvali, E.L., Eichstaedt, C., Eelmets, M., Chaubey, G., Tambets, K., Litvinov, S., Mormina, M., Xue, Y., Ayub, Q., Zoraqi, G., Korneliussen, T.S., Akhatova, F., Lachance, J., Tishkoff, S., Momynaliev, K., Ricaut, F.X., Kusuma, P., Razafindrazaka, H., Pierron, D., Cox, M.P., Sultana, G.N., Willerslev, R., Muller, C., Westaway, M., Lambert, D., Skaro, V., Kovacevic, L., Turdikulova, S., Dalimova, D., Khusainova, R., Trofimova, N., Akhmetova, V., Khidiyatova, I., Lichman, D.V., Isakova, J., Pocheshkhova, E., Sabitov, Z., Barashkov, N.A., Nymadawa, P., Mihailov, E., Seng, J.W., Evseeva, I., Migliano, A.B., Abdullah, S., Andriadze, G., Primorac, D., Atramentova, L., Utevska, O., Yepiskoposyan, L., Marjanovic, D., Kushniarevich, A., Behar, D.M., Gilissen, C., Vissers, L., Veltman, J.A., Balanovska, E., Derenko, M., Malyarchuk, B., Metspalu, A., Fedorova, S., Eriksson, A., Manica, A., Mendez, F.L., Karafet, T.M., Veeramah, K.R., Bradman, N., Hammer, M.F., Osipova, L.P., Balanovsky, O., Khusnutdinova, E.K., Johnsen, K., Remm, M., Thomas, M.G., Tyler-Smith, C., Underhill, P.A., Willerslev, E., Nielsen, R., Metspalu, M., Villems, R., and Kivisild, T.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 153022.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), It is commonly thought that human genetic diversity in non-African populations was shaped primarily by an out-of-Africa dispersal 50-100 thousand yr ago (kya). Here, we present a study of 456 geographically diverse high-coverage Y chromosome sequences, including 299 newly reported samples. Applying ancient DNA calibration, we date the Y-chromosomal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) in Africa at 254 (95% CI 192-307) kya and detect a cluster of major non-African founder haplogroups in a narrow time interval at 47-52 kya, consistent with a rapid initial colonization model of Eurasia and Oceania after the out-of-Africa bottleneck. In contrast to demographic reconstructions based on mtDNA, we infer a second strong bottleneck in Y-chromosome lineages dating to the last 10 ky. We hypothesize that this bottleneck is caused by cultural changes affecting variance of reproductive success among males.

Published
2015

3. A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture

Author

Karmin, M., Saag, L., Vicente, M., Wilson Sayres, M.A., Jarve, M., Talas, U.G., Rootsi, S., Ilumae, A.M., Magi, R., Mitt, M., Pagani, L., Puurand, T., Faltyskova, Z., Clemente, F., Cardona, A., Metspalu, E., Sahakyan, H., Yunusbayev, B., Hudjashov, G., DeGiorgio, M., Loogvali, E.L., Eichstaedt, C., Eelmets, M., Chaubey, G., Tambets, K., Litvinov, S., Mormina, M., Xue, Y., Ayub, Q., Zoraqi, G., Korneliussen, T.S., Akhatova, F., Lachance, J., Tishkoff, S., Momynaliev, K., Ricaut, F.X., Kusuma, P., Razafindrazaka, H., Pierron, D., Cox, M.P., Sultana, G.N., Willerslev, R., Muller, C., Westaway, M., Lambert, D., Skaro, V., Kovacevic, L., Turdikulova, S., Dalimova, D., Khusainova, R., Trofimova, N., Akhmetova, V., Khidiyatova, I., Lichman, D.V., Isakova, J., Pocheshkhova, E., Sabitov, Z., Barashkov, N.A., Nymadawa, P., Mihailov, E., Seng, J.W., Evseeva, I., Migliano, A.B., Abdullah, S., Andriadze, G., Primorac, D., Atramentova, L., Utevska, O., Yepiskoposyan, L., Marjanovic, D., Kushniarevich, A., Behar, D.M., Gilissen, C., Vissers, L., Veltman, J.A., Balanovska, E., Derenko, M., Malyarchuk, B., Metspalu, A., Fedorova, S., Eriksson, A., Manica, A., Mendez, F.L., Karafet, T.M., Veeramah, K.R., Bradman, N., Hammer, M.F., Osipova, L.P., Balanovsky, O., Khusnutdinova, E.K., Johnsen, K., Remm, M., Thomas, M.G., Tyler-Smith, C., Underhill, P.A., Willerslev, E., Nielsen, R., Metspalu, M., Villems, R., Kivisild, T., Karmin, M., Saag, L., Vicente, M., Wilson Sayres, M.A., Jarve, M., Talas, U.G., Rootsi, S., Ilumae, A.M., Magi, R., Mitt, M., Pagani, L., Puurand, T., Faltyskova, Z., Clemente, F., Cardona, A., Metspalu, E., Sahakyan, H., Yunusbayev, B., Hudjashov, G., DeGiorgio, M., Loogvali, E.L., Eichstaedt, C., Eelmets, M., Chaubey, G., Tambets, K., Litvinov, S., Mormina, M., Xue, Y., Ayub, Q., Zoraqi, G., Korneliussen, T.S., Akhatova, F., Lachance, J., Tishkoff, S., Momynaliev, K., Ricaut, F.X., Kusuma, P., Razafindrazaka, H., Pierron, D., Cox, M.P., Sultana, G.N., Willerslev, R., Muller, C., Westaway, M., Lambert, D., Skaro, V., Kovacevic, L., Turdikulova, S., Dalimova, D., Khusainova, R., Trofimova, N., Akhmetova, V., Khidiyatova, I., Lichman, D.V., Isakova, J., Pocheshkhova, E., Sabitov, Z., Barashkov, N.A., Nymadawa, P., Mihailov, E., Seng, J.W., Evseeva, I., Migliano, A.B., Abdullah, S., Andriadze, G., Primorac, D., Atramentova, L., Utevska, O., Yepiskoposyan, L., Marjanovic, D., Kushniarevich, A., Behar, D.M., Gilissen, C., Vissers, L., Veltman, J.A., Balanovska, E., Derenko, M., Malyarchuk, B., Metspalu, A., Fedorova, S., Eriksson, A., Manica, A., Mendez, F.L., Karafet, T.M., Veeramah, K.R., Bradman, N., Hammer, M.F., Osipova, L.P., Balanovsky, O., Khusnutdinova, E.K., Johnsen, K., Remm, M., Thomas, M.G., Tyler-Smith, C., Underhill, P.A., Willerslev, E., Nielsen, R., Metspalu, M., Villems, R., and Kivisild, T.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 153022.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), It is commonly thought that human genetic diversity in non-African populations was shaped primarily by an out-of-Africa dispersal 50-100 thousand yr ago (kya). Here, we present a study of 456 geographically diverse high-coverage Y chromosome sequences, including 299 newly reported samples. Applying ancient DNA calibration, we date the Y-chromosomal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) in Africa at 254 (95% CI 192-307) kya and detect a cluster of major non-African founder haplogroups in a narrow time interval at 47-52 kya, consistent with a rapid initial colonization model of Eurasia and Oceania after the out-of-Africa bottleneck. In contrast to demographic reconstructions based on mtDNA, we infer a second strong bottleneck in Y-chromosome lineages dating to the last 10 ky. We hypothesize that this bottleneck is caused by cultural changes affecting variance of reproductive success among males.

Published
2015

4. Genetic discontinuity between local hunter-gatherers and Central Europe's first farmers

Author

Bramanti, B., Thomas, M.G., Haak, W., Unterlaender, M., Jores, P., Tambets, K., Antanaitis-Jacobs, I., Haidle, M.N., Jankauskas, R., Kind, C.-J., Lueth, F., Terberger, T., Hiller, J., Matsumura, S., Forster, P., Burger, J., Bramanti, B., Thomas, M.G., Haak, W., Unterlaender, M., Jores, P., Tambets, K., Antanaitis-Jacobs, I., Haidle, M.N., Jankauskas, R., Kind, C.-J., Lueth, F., Terberger, T., Hiller, J., Matsumura, S., Forster, P., and Burger, J.

Abstract

After the domestication of animals and crops in the Near East some 11,000 years ago, farming had reaced much of central Europe by 7500 years before the present. The extent to which these early European farmers were immigrants or descendants of resident hunter-gatherers who had adopted faming has been widely debated. We compared new mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences from late European hunter-gatherer skeletons with those from early farmers and from modern Europeans. We find large genetic differences between all three groups that cannot be explained by population continuity alone. Most (82%) of the ancient hunter-gatherers share mtDNA type that are relatively rare in central Europeans today. Together, these analyses provide persuasive evidence that the first farmers were not the descendants of local hunter-gatherers but immigrated into central Europe at the onset of the Neolithic.

Published
2009

5. Genetic discontinuity between local hunter-gatherers and Europes first farmers

Author

Bramanti, B., Thomas, M.G., Haak, W., Unterlaender, M., Jores, P., Tambets, K., Antanaitis-Jacobs, I., Haidle, M.N., Jankauskas, R., Kind, C.J., Lueth, F., Terberger, T., Hiller, J., Matsumura, S., Forster, P., Burger, J., Bramanti, B., Thomas, M.G., Haak, W., Unterlaender, M., Jores, P., Tambets, K., Antanaitis-Jacobs, I., Haidle, M.N., Jankauskas, R., Kind, C.J., Lueth, F., Terberger, T., Hiller, J., Matsumura, S., Forster, P., and Burger, J.

Abstract

Following the domestication of animals and crops in the Near East some 11,000 years ago, farming reached much of Central Europe by 7,500 before present. The extent to which these early European farmers ere immigrants, or descendants of resident hunter-gatherers who had learnt farming, has been widely debated. We compare new mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences from late European hunter-gatherer skeletons with those from early farmers, and from modern Europeans. We find large genetic differences betwee all three groups that cannot be explained by population continuity alone. Most (82 %) of the ancient hunter-gatherers share mtDNA types that are relatively rare in Central Europeans today. Together, thse analyses provide persuasive evidence that the first farmers were not the descendants of local hunergatherers but immigrated into Central Europe at the onset of the Neolithic.

Published
2009

6. Genetic discontinuity between local hunter-gatherers and Central Europe's first farmers

Author

Bramanti, B., Thomas, M.G., Haak, W., Unterlaender, M., Jores, P., Tambets, K., Antanaitis-Jacobs, I., Haidle, M.N., Jankauskas, R., Kind, C.-J., Lueth, F., Terberger, T., Hiller, J., Matsumura, S., Forster, P., Burger, J., Bramanti, B., Thomas, M.G., Haak, W., Unterlaender, M., Jores, P., Tambets, K., Antanaitis-Jacobs, I., Haidle, M.N., Jankauskas, R., Kind, C.-J., Lueth, F., Terberger, T., Hiller, J., Matsumura, S., Forster, P., and Burger, J.

Abstract

After the domestication of animals and crops in the Near East some 11,000 years ago, farming had reaced much of central Europe by 7500 years before the present. The extent to which these early European farmers were immigrants or descendants of resident hunter-gatherers who had adopted faming has been widely debated. We compared new mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences from late European hunter-gatherer skeletons with those from early farmers and from modern Europeans. We find large genetic differences between all three groups that cannot be explained by population continuity alone. Most (82%) of the ancient hunter-gatherers share mtDNA type that are relatively rare in central Europeans today. Together, these analyses provide persuasive evidence that the first farmers were not the descendants of local hunter-gatherers but immigrated into central Europe at the onset of the Neolithic.

Published
2009

7. Genetic discontinuity between local hunter-gatherers and Europes first farmers

Author

Bramanti, B., Thomas, M.G., Haak, W., Unterlaender, M., Jores, P., Tambets, K., Antanaitis-Jacobs, I., Haidle, M.N., Jankauskas, R., Kind, C.J., Lueth, F., Terberger, T., Hiller, J., Matsumura, S., Forster, P., Burger, J., Bramanti, B., Thomas, M.G., Haak, W., Unterlaender, M., Jores, P., Tambets, K., Antanaitis-Jacobs, I., Haidle, M.N., Jankauskas, R., Kind, C.J., Lueth, F., Terberger, T., Hiller, J., Matsumura, S., Forster, P., and Burger, J.

Abstract

Following the domestication of animals and crops in the Near East some 11,000 years ago, farming reached much of Central Europe by 7,500 before present. The extent to which these early European farmers ere immigrants, or descendants of resident hunter-gatherers who had learnt farming, has been widely debated. We compare new mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences from late European hunter-gatherer skeletons with those from early farmers, and from modern Europeans. We find large genetic differences betwee all three groups that cannot be explained by population continuity alone. Most (82 %) of the ancient hunter-gatherers share mtDNA types that are relatively rare in Central Europeans today. Together, thse analyses provide persuasive evidence that the first farmers were not the descendants of local hunergatherers but immigrated into Central Europe at the onset of the Neolithic.

Published
2009

8. A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture

Author

Karmin M., Saag L., Vicente M., Wilson Sayres M., Järve M., Talas U., Rootsi S., Ilumäe A., Mägi R., Mitt M., Pagani L., Puurand T., Faltyskova Z., Clemente F., Cardona A., Metspalu E., Sahakyan H., Yunusbayev B., Hudjashov G., DeGiorgio M., Loogväli E., Eichstaedt C., Eelmets M., Chaubey G., Tambets K., Litvinov S., Mormina M., Xue Y., Ayub Q., Zoraqi G., Korneliussen T., Akhatova F., Lachance J., Tishkoff S., Momynaliev K., Ricaut F., Kusuma P., Razafindrazaka H., Pierron D., Cox M., Sultana G., Willerslev R., Muller C., Westaway M., Lambert D., Skaro V., Kovačević L., Turdikulova S., Dalimova D., Khusainova R., Trofimova N., Akhmetova V., Khidiyatova I., Lichman D., Isakova J., Pocheshkhova E., Sabitov Z., Barashkov N., Nymadawa P., Mihailov E., Seng J., Evseeva I., Migliano A., Abdullah S., Andriadze G., Primorac D., Atramentova L., Utevska O., Yepiskoposyan L., Marjanović D., Kushniarevich A., Behar D., Karmin M., Saag L., Vicente M., Wilson Sayres M., Järve M., Talas U., Rootsi S., Ilumäe A., Mägi R., Mitt M., Pagani L., Puurand T., Faltyskova Z., Clemente F., Cardona A., Metspalu E., Sahakyan H., Yunusbayev B., Hudjashov G., DeGiorgio M., Loogväli E., Eichstaedt C., Eelmets M., Chaubey G., Tambets K., Litvinov S., Mormina M., Xue Y., Ayub Q., Zoraqi G., Korneliussen T., Akhatova F., Lachance J., Tishkoff S., Momynaliev K., Ricaut F., Kusuma P., Razafindrazaka H., Pierron D., Cox M., Sultana G., Willerslev R., Muller C., Westaway M., Lambert D., Skaro V., Kovačević L., Turdikulova S., Dalimova D., Khusainova R., Trofimova N., Akhmetova V., Khidiyatova I., Lichman D., Isakova J., Pocheshkhova E., Sabitov Z., Barashkov N., Nymadawa P., Mihailov E., Seng J., Evseeva I., Migliano A., Abdullah S., Andriadze G., Primorac D., Atramentova L., Utevska O., Yepiskoposyan L., Marjanović D., Kushniarevich A., and Behar D.

Abstract

© 2015 Karmin et al. It is commonly thought that human genetic diversity in non-African populations was shaped primarily by an out-of-Africa dispersal 50-100 thousand yr ago (kya). Here, we present a study of 456 geographically diverse high-coverage Y chromosome sequences, including 299 newly reported samples. Applying ancient DNA calibration, we date the Y-chromosomal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) in Africa at 254 (95% CI 192-307) kya and detect a cluster of major non-African founder haplogroups in a narrow time interval at 47-52 kya, consistent with a rapid initial colonization model of Eurasia and Oceania after the out-of-Africa bottleneck. In contrast to demographic reconstructions based on mtDNA, we infer a second strong bottleneck in Y-chromosome lineages dating to the last 10 ky. We hypothesize that this bottleneck is caused by cultural changes affecting variance of reproductive success among males.

9. A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture

Author

Karmin M., Saag L., Vicente M., Wilson Sayres M., Järve M., Talas U., Rootsi S., Ilumäe A., Mägi R., Mitt M., Pagani L., Puurand T., Faltyskova Z., Clemente F., Cardona A., Metspalu E., Sahakyan H., Yunusbayev B., Hudjashov G., DeGiorgio M., Loogväli E., Eichstaedt C., Eelmets M., Chaubey G., Tambets K., Litvinov S., Mormina M., Xue Y., Ayub Q., Zoraqi G., Korneliussen T., Akhatova F., Lachance J., Tishkoff S., Momynaliev K., Ricaut F., Kusuma P., Razafindrazaka H., Pierron D., Cox M., Sultana G., Willerslev R., Muller C., Westaway M., Lambert D., Skaro V., Kovačević L., Turdikulova S., Dalimova D., Khusainova R., Trofimova N., Akhmetova V., Khidiyatova I., Lichman D., Isakova J., Pocheshkhova E., Sabitov Z., Barashkov N., Nymadawa P., Mihailov E., Seng J., Evseeva I., Migliano A., Abdullah S., Andriadze G., Primorac D., Atramentova L., Utevska O., Yepiskoposyan L., Marjanović D., Kushniarevich A., Behar D., Karmin M., Saag L., Vicente M., Wilson Sayres M., Järve M., Talas U., Rootsi S., Ilumäe A., Mägi R., Mitt M., Pagani L., Puurand T., Faltyskova Z., Clemente F., Cardona A., Metspalu E., Sahakyan H., Yunusbayev B., Hudjashov G., DeGiorgio M., Loogväli E., Eichstaedt C., Eelmets M., Chaubey G., Tambets K., Litvinov S., Mormina M., Xue Y., Ayub Q., Zoraqi G., Korneliussen T., Akhatova F., Lachance J., Tishkoff S., Momynaliev K., Ricaut F., Kusuma P., Razafindrazaka H., Pierron D., Cox M., Sultana G., Willerslev R., Muller C., Westaway M., Lambert D., Skaro V., Kovačević L., Turdikulova S., Dalimova D., Khusainova R., Trofimova N., Akhmetova V., Khidiyatova I., Lichman D., Isakova J., Pocheshkhova E., Sabitov Z., Barashkov N., Nymadawa P., Mihailov E., Seng J., Evseeva I., Migliano A., Abdullah S., Andriadze G., Primorac D., Atramentova L., Utevska O., Yepiskoposyan L., Marjanović D., Kushniarevich A., and Behar D.

Abstract

© 2015 Karmin et al. It is commonly thought that human genetic diversity in non-African populations was shaped primarily by an out-of-Africa dispersal 50-100 thousand yr ago (kya). Here, we present a study of 456 geographically diverse high-coverage Y chromosome sequences, including 299 newly reported samples. Applying ancient DNA calibration, we date the Y-chromosomal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) in Africa at 254 (95% CI 192-307) kya and detect a cluster of major non-African founder haplogroups in a narrow time interval at 47-52 kya, consistent with a rapid initial colonization model of Eurasia and Oceania after the out-of-Africa bottleneck. In contrast to demographic reconstructions based on mtDNA, we infer a second strong bottleneck in Y-chromosome lineages dating to the last 10 ky. We hypothesize that this bottleneck is caused by cultural changes affecting variance of reproductive success among males.

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