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[EN] The high nutritional and functional value of fruits justifies the use of freeze-drying to obtain high value-added products. As to identify in-line the drying end point, the usefulness of temperature evolution of a grapefruit puree, added or not with gum Arabic and bamboo fibre, when applying 20 or 40 oC as shelf temperature has been investigated. The obtained results point for the monitoring of the product's heating rate as to identify the end of sublimation in the sample, coinciding with the time this rate starts to decrease. On the other hand, the end point of the drying step of the freeze-drying process, optimised in terms of duration, is proposed to be related to the sample reaching a certain target temperature which does not necessarily match with the temperature of the chamber. In the concrete conditions of this study, it seems to be between 20 and 40 oC. As for the variables considered, the biopolymers added to the grapefruit puree did not affect the duration of the process and to increase the freeze-drier shelves temperature made it possible to reduce processing time by 40%.

The transverse flux heating (TFH) concept offers very high electrical efficiency in combination with unique technological flexibility. Numerous advantages make this method beyond competition to be applied in e.g. continuous strip production and processing lines. However, all potential advantages of TFH can be realized in practice only by optimal design of the inductor shape and optimal control of the heaters, using numerical modelling and optimization techniques. The paper describes a successive approach to optimal design of a single layer induction coil, which will be used for onesided TFH of moving thin steel strip with constant width. The peculiarity of the design refers to the very slow movement speed of the strip and the target temperature, which is set below Curie.

Brain injury is the dominant cause of death for cardiac arrest patients who are admitted to an intensive care unit, and the majority of patients die after withdrawal of life sustaining therapy (WLST) based on a presumed poor neurologic outcome. Mild induced hypothermia was found to decrease the reliability of several methods for neurological prognostication. Algorithms for prediction of outcome, that were developed before the introduction of mild hypothermia after cardiac arrest, may have affected the results of studies with hypothermia-treated patients. In previous trials on neuroprotection after cardiac arrest, including the pivotal hypothermia trials, the methods for prognostication and the reasons for WLST were not reported and may have had an effect on outcome. In the Target Temperature Management trial, in which 950 cardiac arrest patients have been randomized to treatment at 33 degrees C or 36 degrees C, neuroprognostication and WLST-decisions are strictly protocolized and registered. Prognostication is delayed to at least 72 hours after the end of the intervention period, thus a minimum of 4.5 days after the cardiac arrest, and is based on multiple parameters to account for the possible effects of hypothermia.