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Slag foaming is an important phenomenon in bath smelting processes. It is thought that slag foaming might be caused by the high speed evolution of small gas bubbles at a reaction interface such as the slag-metal interface and that the size of the bubbles might depend on the interfacial properties such as the wettability between both liquids. Slag foaming behaviour was directly observed in a carbon-iron silicate slag system and in a carbon-iron silicate slag-copper system using a high temperature x-ray technique. CO gas evolution rates were also measured. Large bubbles were observed at the interface between carbon and iron silicate slag due to low wettability in the system. Relatively small bubbles were observed in the carbon-iron silicate slag-copper system because CO gas was evolved at the interface between the iron silicate slag and the Fe-Cu-C alloy. CO evolution rates were also slower in the carbon-slag system than in the carbon-slag-copper system., Slag foaming is an important phenomenon in bath smelting processes. It is thought that slag foaming might be caused by the high speed evolution of small gas bubbles at a reaction interface such as the slag-metal interface and that the size of the bubbles might depend on the interfacial properties such as the wettability between both liquids. Slag foaming behaviour was directly observed in a carbon-iron silicate slag system and in a carbon-iron silicate slag-copper system using a high temperature x-ray technique. CO gas evolution rates were also measured. Large bubbles were observed at the interface between carbon and iron silicate slag due to low wettability in the system. Relatively small bubbles were observed in the carbon-iron silicate slag-copper system because CO gas was evolved at the interface between the iron silicate slag and the Fe-Cu-C alloy. CO evolution rates were also slower in the carbon-slag system than in the carbon-slag-copper system.

Experiments showed that copper matte droplets, which were of greater density than the slag, floated on the surface of the slag due to the supporting force of the slag surface tension. The profile and amount of floating droplets were calculated using interfacial properties such as the surface tension of the slag and matte, and the interfacial tensions between the slag and the matte. The floating model could explain the floating behaviour of copper matte droplets on fayalite slag and copper droplets on a sodium silicate slag., Experiments showed that copper matte droplets, which were of greater density than the slag, floated on the surface of the slag due to the supporting force of the slag surface tension. The profile and amount of floating droplets were calculated using interfacial properties such as the surface tension of the slag and matte, and the interfacial tensions between the slag and the matte. The floating model could explain the floating behaviour of copper matte droplets on fayalite slag and copper droplets on a sodium silicate slag.