Search

In our daily lives, we have to process information about all kinds of quantities such as the set size of a group of items (i.e., numerosity), time and size, among others. We have previously reported specialized neurons in our brain which respond selectively to or ‘prefer’ a specific number of items such as one, two or three. These neurons are organized topographically which means that these neurons are laid out in a shape that allows those most closely related to communicate and interact over the shortest possible distance in the brain. The general research goal of this thesis was to examine the properties of numerosity-tuned neural populations, and numerosity perception as part of a generalized quantity system by investigating the possibility of shared, tuned mechanisms between numerosity and time, and other quantities and sensory modalities. We first examined whether and how the selective response or preference of these numerosity selective neurons can change based on recent sensory experience. We used the method of adaptation and ultra-high-field 7 Tesla fMRI, where participants were repeatedly shown a low or high numerosity so to adapt the numerosity-selective neural populations. Sensory adaptation, makes the appearance of subsequently presented stimuli appear more different from the adapting stimulus than they actually are. This method is a powerful tool which allows us to make inferences about the existence of specialized neurons in the brain which respond selectively to the adapting stimuli. We show the dynamic nature of numerosity selective neural populations, where neural numerosity selectivity was altered systematically in all numerosity selective brain areas. Based on findings showing brain regions which process more than one type of quantity, such as numerosity and time, we proceeded to use cross-adaptation to numerosity and time to study whether neural populations selective for numerosity or time interact. We found an unbalanced interaction between nume

Perception of quantities, such as numerosity, timing, and size, is essential for behavior and cognition. Accumulating evidence demonstrates neurons processing quantities are tuned, that is, have a preferred quantity amount, not only for numerosity, but also other quantity dimensions and sensory modalities. We argue that quantity-tuned neurons are fundamental to understanding quantity perception. We illustrate how the properties of quantity-tuned neurons can underlie a range of perceptual phenomena. Furthermore, quantity-tuned neurons are organized in distinct but overlapping topographic maps. We suggest that this overlap in tuning provides the neural basis for perceptual interactions between different quantities, without the need for a common neural representational code.

Zbog velikog privrednog, kulturnog, političkog i vojnog značaja, naseljena mesta su jedan od najznačajnijih elementata na topografskim kartama. U zavisnosti od karakteristike naseljenog mesta i razmere topografske karte razlikuje se način prikaza naseljenog mesta i ispis toponima. U eri digitalne kartografije velika pažnja se posvećuje automatizaciji procesa kartografske generalizacije i razvoju alata za automatsko uopštavanje sadržaja. U ovom radu su objašnjeni modeli i procedure za karografsku generalizaciju naseljenih mesta prilikom izrade topografskih karata kompletnog razmernog niza., Due to their great economic, cultural, political and military significance, settlements are one of the most important elements on topographic maps. Depending on the characteristics of the settlement and the scale of the topographic map, the way of displaying the settlement and toponyms differs. In the era of the digital cartography more attention is paid to the automation process of cartography genralization and developing tools for automatic generalization of content. This paper explains the models and procedures for cartografhic generalzation of settlements during the production a complete scale of topographic maps.

Describing the location of EEG abnormalities, such as interictal epileptiform discharges, is an important step in the interpretation of EEG recordings and has clinical relevance, as it is expected to point out the region of the brain generating these abnormal signals. Traditionally, the location is reported by specifying the area on the scalp where maximum negativity is located. However, this only reflects the correct localization in the brain when the cortical generator is located on the convexity (radial orientation). When the cortical generator is in the wall of a sulcus (tangential orientation), due to current flow (volume conduction), the maximum negativity is not over the generator, but at a distance from it. Voltage maps are widely available in most EEG reader software programs. Simple rules for reading voltage maps help to estimate the orientation and location of the source in the brain, avoiding false lateralization and false localization. In this seminar in epileptology, using a didactic approach, we explain how to read voltage maps and provide an atlas of voltage maps.

Perceiving numerosity, i.e. the set size of a group of items, is an evolutionarily preserved ability found in humans and animals. A useful method to infer the neural underpinnings of a given perceptual property is sensory adaptation. Like other primary perceptual attributes, numerosity is susceptible to adaptation. Recently, we have shown numerosity-selective neural populations with a topographic organization in the human brain. Here, we investigated whether numerosity adaptation can affect the numerosity selectivity of these populations using ultra-high field (7 Tesla) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants viewed stimuli of changing numerosity (1 to 7 dots), which allowed the mapping of numerosity selectivity. We interleaved a low or high numerosity adapter stimulus with these mapping stimuli, repeatedly presenting 1 or 20 dots respectively to adapt the numerosity-selective neural populations. We analyzed the responses using custom-build population receptive field neural models of numerosity encoding and compared estimated numerosity preferences between adaptation conditions. We replicated our previous studies where we found several topographic maps of numerosity-selective responses. We found that overall, numerosity adaptation altered the preferred numerosities within the numerosity maps, resulting in predominantly attractive biases towards the numerosity of the adapter. The differential biases could be explained by the difference between the unadapted preferred numerosity and the numerosity of the adapter, with attractive biases being observed with higher difference. The results could link perceptual numerosity adaptation effects to changes in neural numerosity selectivity.

Every year during the rainy season, large water flows accumulate on the streets of Samarkand city. This work is devoted to the methodology development for creating digital topographic plans of the terrain slope in order to identify the rainwater accumulation on the city streets. When creating digital topographic plans of the terrain slope, stereo topographic methods were used using data from remote sensing of the Earth. The general technological scheme for creating plans based on Earth remote sensing data consists of the following stages: - editorial and preparatory work; - photogrammetric processing;- creation and updating of the terrain;- automated decryption and vectorization of data; - creation and updating of the terrain; - creation and updating of DTC and CPG baselines; - generalization of DTC and CPG to obtain derivatives (smaller) scales; - quality control and data correction; - placing DTC and CPG in a temporary archive; - updating the spatial database. Practical work was carried out at the object "Intersection of Dagbitskaya and Registan streets". Based on the performed work results, a topographic plan of the slope area was drawn up, indicating where the seasonal rainwater accumulation begins.

Accurately timing sub-second sensory events is crucial when perceiving our dynamic world. This ability allows complex human behaviors that require timing-dependent multisensory integration and action planning. Such behaviors include perception and performance of speech, music, driving, and many sports. How are responses to sensory event timing processed for multisensory integration and action planning? We measured responses to viewing systematically changing visual event timing using ultra-high-field fMRI. We analyzed these responses with neural population response models selective for event duration and frequency, following behavioral, computational, and macaque action planning results and comparisons to alternative models. We found systematic local changes in timing preferences (recently described in supplementary motor area) in an extensive network of topographic timing maps, mirroring sensory cortices and other quantity processing networks. These timing maps were partially left lateralized and widely spread, from occipital visual areas through parietal multisensory areas to frontal action planning areas. Responses to event duration and frequency were closely linked. As in sensory cortical maps, response precision varied systematically with timing preferences, and timing selectivity systematically varied between maps. Progressing from posterior to anterior maps, responses to multiple events were increasingly integrated, response selectivity narrowed, and responses focused increasingly on the middle of the presented timing range. These timing maps largely overlap with numerosity and visual field map networks. In both visual timing map and visual field map networks, selective responses and topographic map organization may facilitate hierarchical transformations by allowing neural populations to interact over minimal distances.

Semantic segmentation (or pixel-level classification) of remotely sensed imagery has shown to be useful for applications in fields as mapping of land cover, object detection, change detection and land-use analysis. Deep learning algorithms called convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown to outperform traditional computer vision and machine learning approaches in tackling semantic segmentation tasks. Furthermore, addition of height information (Z) to aerial imagery (RGB) is believed to improve segmentation results. However, discussion remains on the following: to what extent height information adds value; the best way to combine RGB information with height information; and what type of height information can best be used. This study aims to answer these questions. In this research work, the CNN architectures FCN-8s, SegNet, U-Net and FuseNet-SF5 are trained to semantically segment 10 cm resolution true ortho imagery of Haarlem, potentially augmented with height information. The outputted topographic maps contain the classes building, road, water and other. Experiments are conducted that allow for the comparison of 1) models trained on RGB and on RGB-Z, 2) models combining RGB and height information through data fusion and through data stacking, and 3) models trained using different types of absolute and relative height approaches. Performances are compared based on scores on the performance measure (mean) intersection over union (IoU) and through visual assessment of outputted prediction maps. The results indicated that on average segmentation performance improves by approximately 1 percent when absolute height information is added. The class building showed to benefit the most from the addition of height information. Furthermore, extracting features from height information in a separate encoder and fusing these into RGB feature maps, led to a higher overall segmentation quality than when height information is provided as a stacked extra band and processed in, Geomatics

Joan Flasch Artists' Book Collection

In response to global consumer demand for rare and exotic wildlife products, poaching of endangered species has become pervasive around the world (Eliason 1999). Despite the enactment of CITES, and other international efforts to protect vulnerable species from overexploitation, the global market for illegal wildlife products is estimated as high as $20-billion a year industry (Wyler 2008). Within important wildlife habitat sites, law enforcement struggle to curb rampant poaching that threatens the ultimate survival of many endangered species (Jachmann 2008; Rowcliffe 2004). Law-enforcement agencies responsible for protecting wildlife from poachers often lack geospatial tools that could greatly improve the effectiveness of their efforts. These tools include accurate topographic maps with the appropriate scale and the level of detail necessary for navigating in difficult and dangerous terrain, and GIS base data needed to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of patrols (Pickles 2015). Recently, collaborations between the University of Montana (UM) and the large cat advocacy group Panthera, have enabled the production of geospatial packages for four protected areas of concern. These packages include printed topographic map series, GPS base-maps and comprehensive GIS base data. Throughout the creation of these packages, UM faculty and students have developed a nuanced workflow for this process using GIS and graphic design software. Until 2018, this workflow had yet to be fully documented. This document presents this workflow in the form of a cartographic manual, including step-by-step methods for creating appropriate geospatial packages. The goal of this document is to increase the efficiency of future cartographic collaborations between UM and conservation-minded groups, while providing valuable educational resources for UM students in GIS and cartography.

The declines of many specialist bird species in the agricultural landscapes of Central Europe have resulted in small and isolated populations. In the case of the black grouse, a ground-nesting bird species with large spatial requirements, empiric evidence about underlying landscape changes is scarce. In this study, we examined land cover and land cover changes in a farmland-forest mosaic in eastern Lower Saxony, Germany and how they affect occurrence and persistence of black grouse. Spatial information came from historic topographic maps from 1958 to 1975. The results show profound conversions of habitat to forest and farmland but also an increase in settlement area. Habitat conversions and suburbanization were negative correlates of black grouse persistence. Habitat models from before and after a decline period differed in some of the predictors and suggest black grouse habitat to be more diverse before the land cover changes. Our study confirms that land use factors at a landscape scale extent contribute to explain black grouse occurrence and thus can complement important small scale factors like the quality and size of individual habitat patches. Results also show that landscape factors affect black grouse distribution predominantly from an area much greater than an individual black grouse home range. Our models may be further evaluated on present-day landscapes and might be used to evaluate large-scale habitat availability for black grouse.

Context Cultural landscapes evolve over time. However, the rate and direction of change might not be in line with societal needs and more information on the forces driving these changes are therefore needed. Objectives Filling the gap between single case studies and meta-analyses, we present a comparative study of landscape changes and their driving forces based in six regions across Europe conducted using a consistent method. Methods A LULC analysis based on historical and contemporary maps from the nineteenth and twentieth century was combined with oral history interviews to learn more about perceived landscape changes, and remembered driving forces. Land cover and landscape changes were analysed regarding change, conversions and processes. For all case study areas, narratives on mapped land cover change, perceived landscape changes and driving forces were compiled. Results Despite a very high diversity in extent, direction and rates of change, a few dominant processes and widespread factors driving the changes could be identified in the six case study areas, i.e. access and infrastructure, political shifts, labor market, technological innovations, and for the more recent period climate change. Conclusions Grasping peoples’ perception supplements the analyses of mapped land use and land cover changes and allows to address perceived landscape changes. The list of driving forces determined to be most relevant shows clear limits in predictability: Whereas changes triggered by infrastructural developments might be comparatively easy to model, political developments cannot be foreseen but might, nevertheless, leave major marks in the landscape.

Francisco Dalmau (1766-1824) was a Professor of Mathematics who stood out for his scientific qualities and his artistic and humanistic interests. He achieved several titles, such as Individual of the Royal Academy of Natural Sciences and Arts of Barcelona, Professor of Mathematics of the Real Maestranza de Caballería of Granada, Teacher in the School of Noble Arts, Partner of the Royal Economic Society of Granada, Provisional Director of Architecture and Headmaster of the Statistics of the Province of Granada. During his life he carried out a series of maps linked to Granada with excellent results, some of them of big size. They are prominent for their artistic quality and the graphical accuracy for the moment that they were made., Francisco Dalmau (1766-1824) fue catedrático de Matemáticas, destacando por sus cualidades científicas y sus inquietudes artísticas y humanísticas. Adquirió numerosos títulos tales como los de Individuo de la Real Academia de Ciencias Naturales y Artes de Barcelona, Catedrático de Matemáticas de la Real Maestranza de Caballería de Granada y Profesor en la Escuela de Nobles Artes, Socio de Número de la Real Sociedad Económica de Granada, Director Interino de la Sala de Arquitectura y Director de la Estadística de la Provincia de Granada. A lo largo de su vida acometió con resultados excelentes la elaboración de una serie de mapas vinculados a Granada, algunos de ellos de gran formato, en los que resulta notable la calidad artística de su factura y la precisión gráfica para el momento en el que fueron elaborados.

Survey Notes is an informative, non-technical magazine on noteworthy and interesting geologic topics in Utah. It is the official Utah Geological Survey newsletter and is produced three times a year. Regular columns include Glad You Asked, GeoSights, Teacher's Corner, Energy News, Survey News, Core Center News, and New Publications. Published as Quarterly Review (1967-1975) and Survey Notes (1976- ). Articles in this issue include: 1) Mapping Utah's Geology, by Grant Willis; 2) The Ogden New 30' x 60' Geologic Map: Complex Geology in One Syntopic Map, by Jon K. King; 3) Update on the Markagunt Gravity Slide: Utah's Largest Landslide Just Got Bigger — A Lot Bigger, by Robert F. Biek, David B. Hacker, and Peter D. Rowley; 4) Energy News: Some Impacts of Low Oil Prices on Utah, by David E. Tabet; 4) Teacher's Corner: Earth Science Week, October 5–8, 2015: Thank You; 5) Glad You Asked: Why Are There So Many Natural Arches in Utah?, by Lance Weaver; and 6) GeoSights: Smoky Mountain, Kane County, by Marshall Robinson.

Humans and many animals analyze sensory information to estimate quantities that guide behavior and decisions. These quantities include numerosity (object number) and object size. Having recently demonstrated topographic maps of numerosity, we ask whether the brain also contains maps of object size. Using ultra-high-field (7T) functional MRI and population receptive field modeling, we describe tuned responses to visual object size in bilateral human posterior parietal cortex. Tuning follows linear Gaussian functions and shows surround suppression, and tuning width narrows with increasing preferred object size. Object size-tuned responses are organized in bilateral topographic maps, with similar cortical extents responding to large and small objects. These properties of object size tuning and map organization all differ from the numerosity representation, suggesting that object size and numerosity tuning result from distinct mechanisms. However, their maps largely overlap and object size preferences correlate with numerosity preferences, suggesting associated representations of these two quantities. Object size preferences here show no discernable relation to visual position preferences found in visuospatial receptive fields. As such, object size maps (much like numerosity maps) do not reflect sensory organ structure but instead emerge within the brain. We speculate that, as in sensory processing, optimization of cognitive processing using topographic maps may be a common organizing principle in association cortex. Interactions between object size and numerosity maps may associate cognitive representations of these related features, potentially allowing consideration of both quantities together when making decisions.

Presented at the Florida Shore and Beach Preservation Association's National Conference on Beach Preservation Technology held in Jacksonville, FL on 14 Feb 2013. Prepared in collaboration with the American Society for Engineering Education, Naval Research Lab, Stennis Space Center, MS.

L’objectiu d’aquest projecte és poder realitzar un anàlisi tridimensional d’una escola d’art situada al municipi de Tortosa, Tarragona. Aquesta recreació virtual és realitza mitjançant els plànols topogràfics del terreny i els plànols del disseny de l’escola d’art realitzats per l’arquitecte Ivan Gas. El recolzament informàtic que s’ha utilitzat per la seva realització consta de software de disseny assistit per ordinador i retoc fotogràfic. El resultat del projecte consta d’una visió humana realista de l’interiorisme del projecte, així com una visió de la volumetria exterior i l’impacte de l’edifici a l’entorn de manera esquemàtica amb acabats de nivell d’esbós complint així els paràmetres indicats per la coordinació del Diploma d’Ampliació de Competències de Reforma Interior.

This thesis provides a framework to model human belief and misperception in helicopter overland navigation. Helicopter overland navigation is a challenging mission area because it is a complex cognitive task, and failing to recognize when the aircraft is off-course can lead to operational failures and mishaps. A human-in-the-loop experiment to investigate pilot misperception during simulated overland navigation by analyzing actual navigation trajectory, pilots' perceived location, and corresponding confidence levels was designed. Fifteen military officers with prior overland navigation experience completed four simulated low-level navigation routes, two of which entailed autonavigation. Analysis shows that there is not a negative correlation between perceived and actual location of the aircraft, inferring that confidence is not a good indicator of performance. However, there is some evidence of a negative correlation between perceived location and intended route of flight, suggesting that there is a bias towards that intended flight route. If aviation personnel can proactively identify the circumstances in which misperception usually occurs in navigation, they may reduce mission failure and mishap rate. This study can help fleet squadrons and instructional commands improve operations that require low-level flight as well as crew resource management.

The purpose of this thesis is to conduct the research necessary to develop integrated 3D terrain maps capable of supporting an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Flight Mission Control Support System. In this work, the author has tried to explore the feasibility of exploiting digital topographic maps and further understanding of the digital terrain support available to UAV FMCSS developers. This thesis explores numerous digital terrain data representations and tools available to create digital environments. This work examines and gives a methodology how to find, process, and operate in these environments. To accomplish this, the author explores the more general problem of where to find the data, what tools are available, and how to put the pieces together to create a registered digital environment on a state-of-the-art computer. This work provides a logical construct and design methodology for an analyst to create high fidelity terrain data sets. It functions as a â how toâ manual to help analysts understand which information and tools are available to use for different types of simulation projects., http://archive.org/details/developmentofint109452875, Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited., Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

In robotic applications, localization and mapping as parts of the navigation system are fundamental competence for mobile autonomous systems. The position of the mobile robot is known as qualitative localization inside a topological map, where the place recognition is an essential problem to overcome. Previously, supervised place recognition approaches have been used to solve global localization in offline mode. The aim of this thesis is to develop a mobile robot topological mapping and qualitative localization method based on unsupervised and fully appearance-based place recognition approach. In this research, two different methods are designed and implemented to answer the aim of this thesis. These methods focus on perspective or omnidirectional image similarity based on local features or the combination of global and local features which are identified as speed-up robust feature (SURF) and hue saturation intensity (HIS) color histogram. Moreover, proposed methods are spatial and sequential based place clustering methods (unsupervised learning) which are try to find the representative image that is more similar to the current adjacent robots query image. Therefore, the topological map graph of the place clusters can be created and qualitative localization can be performed over the topological map graph. According to the experimental results, the average of recognition precision for the first offline proposed method is 95% and in a different illumination condition is 86%. Moreover this performance in the kidnapped robot experiment is more than 90%. The average of online place recognition percentage for the second online, incremental and expandable proposed method is 93.56% and in different illumination conditions is 86.06%. In addition, the average performance of the topological mapping and qualitative localization results, obtained from expanded-environment experiments is 91.71%. Considering all results, the proposed topological mapping and qualitative localizatio

ALIRT is an airborne three-dimensional (3D) imaging laser radar system that can rapidly collect high-resolution maps of wide-area terrain from altitudes up to 9000 meters and decimeter accuracy from altitudes of 3000 meters. MIT Lincoln Laboratory's Airborne Ladar Imaging Research Testbed (ALIRT) produces images of wide areas quickly -- scanning 2000 sq km per hour -- and has numerous applications for both military and civilian users. ALIRT's ability to collect data from such great altitudes, coupled with its unparalleled data collection rate, enables the system to obtain large amounts of data in a single pass. Maps generated by ALIRT reveal details of both natural structures, such as the Grand Canyon, and man-made structures. These images could not be produced by commercial ladar systems. The Grand Canyon has a depth of nearly 2000 meters, which surpasses the maximum data collection altitude of other ladar systems. In general, data obtained using ALIRT enable answers to geometrical questions. For example, ALIRT enables battlefield situational awareness and reconnaissance, such as identifying landing zones or targets that are obscured; effective emergency response during and after natural disasters (e.g., by assessing viability of helicopter landing zones, migration of survivors, trafficability of routes); and production of detailed topographic maps quickly, further enabling land surveys, flood-plain analyses, earth-science research, and recreational activity such as hiking., Published in Tech Notes, 2011. This technology won a 2011 R&D 100 Award.

As the earth warms, signs of climate change range from subtle to significant, with the most dramatic alterations occurring in the Arctic. Because the concept of a new, navigable ocean to the north signals complications, the United States Navy is particularly interested in studying the Arctic region so as to project those changes and become better prepared for future operations in this emerging maritime environment. However, a key step in understanding sea ice fluctuation within the Arctic is being able to determine sea ice thickness over a vast area. Thus, obtaining an accurate sea ice thickness measurement for the entire expanse makes tracking further variations and predicting possible changes much easier. As such, this paper aims to look at the steps necessary in determining sea ice thickness based on laser altimetry data gathered during NASA's Operation IceBridge. Using the Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM), sea ice elevation can be measured from an aircraft flying overhead. From this elevation data, an approximate freeboard is calculated in relation to the earth's geoid model. By determining locations of leads in the ice, further calculations may be performed to get a sea ice freeboard measurement. Then, through the use of the hydrostatic equation, sea ice thickness may be inferred for the region between successive leads. Therefore, flying over a lead in the ice is very important for determining the exact sea ice elevation. This paper outlines the process, approximations, and adjustments necessary to determine sea ice thickness by using laser altimetry measurements of sea ice elevation., Presented at the Symposium on the Impacts of an Ice-Diminishing Arctic on Naval and Maritime Operations (4th) held on June 20-22, 2011.

Analysis techniques are developed to automatically extract roads and trails under thick forest canopy. LiDAR data were taken over the Swanton Pacific Ranch in the Santa Cruz Mountains from an airborne laser mapping system, the Optech 3100, on March 9-10, 2010. Collected data were characterized by point densities of 5-10 m2. Point cloud data were reduced to digital surface models using ARCMAP (from ESRI). The DSM was calculated at 1 meter spacing. These surface models were analyzed using topographic tools in ENVI, allowing for calculation of curvature, slope, convexity, and shaded relief. A multi-layer dataset was built and analyzed using spectral analysis tools in ENVI. The classification technique used was a combination of maximum likelihood classifier and a decision tree after use of erosion/dilation operators. Results are compared to ground truth collected in 2011. Classification resulted in 83.6% true positive rate, and the image processing result reduced the false positive rate to 3.0%., The original document contains color images.

Listing of all publications for sale from the Utah Geological Survey as of June 2011. This list supersedes all previous lists for price and availability.

Listing of all publications for sale from the Utah Geological Survey as of June 2011. This list supersedes all previous lists for price and availability.

In environmental monitoring, environmental impact assessments and environmental audits, topographical maps play an essential role in providing a means by which the locations of sampling sites may be selected, in assisting with the interpretation of physical features, and in indicating the impact or potential impact on an area due to changes in the system being monitored (e.g. spatially changing features such as wetlands). Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are hereby presented as a rapid method for monitoring spatial changes to support environmental monitoring decisions and policies. To validate the GNSS based method, a comparison is made of results from a small-scale topographic survey using radio based real-time kinematic GNSS (GNSS-RTK) and total station survey methods at Jack Finnery Lake, Perth, Australia.The accuracies achieved by the total station in this study were 2 cm horizontally and 6 cm vertically, while the GNSS-RTKalso achieved an accuracy of 2 cm horizontally, but only 28 cm vertically. While the GNSS-RTK measurements were less accurate in the height component compared to those from the total station method, it is still capable of achieving accuracies sufficient for a topographic map at ascale of 1:1,750 that could support environmental monitoring tasks such as identifying spatial changes in small water bodies or wetlands. The time taken to perform the survey using GNSSRTK, however, was much shorter compared to the total station method, thereby making it quite suitable for monitoring spatial changes within an environmental context, e.g., dynamic mining activities that require rapid surveys and the updating of the monitored data at regular intervals.

CONTENTS: Guest Column: Commercial Imagery Promotes International Cooperation; UGO Principles Underlie NSG Functional Management; NSG Extends GEOINT Reach to Unclassified Communities; Thai Cooperation Enhances Disaster Relief; Improving Geospatial Data for Humanitarian Support; Canada Responds to Haiti Earthquake; Another Pathfinder Propels U.K.'s GEOINT Fusion Centre; Partnerships: Mentors Nurture Afghan Mapping Agency; Partnerships: FBI Cultivates GEOINT Capability; Partnerships: Agency Lays the Foundation of Enterprise Architecture for Future U.S. Korea Command; Guest Column: Successive Directors Shape NSG, The original document contains color images. All DTIC reproductions will be in black and white.

Practical mapping methods employing GPS field surveys and manual image analyses with affordable software were used to assess two mangrove sites in Aklan Province, NE Panay Island, central Philippines. The Jawili mangroves, absent from current maps, actually included 21.5 ha with 24 true mangrove species. On the other hand, the Batan Estuary mangroves, shown to be 4244 ha in available topographic maps, revealed only 406 ha of scattered patches. Actual mangrove data on specific areas worldwide is limited, especially in the Philippines where available maps show discrepancies from actual mangrove distribution. Remote sensing (RS) techniques provide promising results but require expensive setup, particularly for small areas. Therefore, financially limited users need affordable and rapid mapping alternatives. The practical techniques presented here can be immediately implemented at minimal cost and can produce useful estimates of actual mangrove area, fundamental for coastal management. Basic principles used here also have potential applications in other systems and locations. When resources are available though, additional confirmation and precise mapping are also further recommended.

El siguiente documento expone la mejora de una pista forestal, apoyándose en técnicas topográficas clásicas y mediciones GPS. Para ello se creará un plano topográfico del camino, utilizando software especializado. Todo ello, con la finalidad de mejorar una vía de comunicación, siendo lo más respetuoso posible con el entorno de la zona. Por este motivo se ha realizado un estudio de impacto ambiental, para evaluar las afectaciones al medio y en consecuencia, aplicar las medidas correctoras. La ejecución del proyecto proporcionará notables mejoras a los usuarios de la vía en particular, y a los usuarios del monte en general. Dotará de mayor eficacia a los medios terrestres de prevención y extinción de incendios, y en definitiva se adecuará a las necesidades de la zona.

Raster-based topographic maps are commonly used in geoinformation systems to overlay geographic entities on top of digital terrain models. Using compressed texture formats for encoding topographic maps allows reducing latency times while visualizing large geographic datasets. Topographic maps encompass high-frequency content with large uniform regions, making current compressed texture formats inappropriate for encoding them. In this paper we present a method for locally-adaptive compression of topographic maps. Key elements include a Hilbert scan to maximize spatial coherence, efficient encoding of homogeneous image regions through arbitrarily-sized texel runs, a cumulative run-length encoding supporting fast random-access, and a compression algorithm supporting lossless and lossy compression. Our scheme can be easily implemented on current programmable graphics hardware allowing real-time GPU decompression and rendering of bilinear-filtered topographic maps., Postprint (published version)

Topographic map for Farr West, Utah.

El siguiente documento expone la mejora y adaptación de las pistas rurales que unen el municipio de Begues con Begues Park, apoyándose en técnicas topográficas clásicas y mediciones GPS. Para ello se creará un plano topográfico del camino utilizando el software especializado. Todo ello, con la finalidad de mejorar una vía de comunicación, siendo lo más respetuoso posible con el medio ambiente. Por este motivo se ha realizado un estudio de impacto ambiental para evaluar las afectaciones al medio y en consecuencia, aplicar las medidas correctoras.

This paper summarizes the activity of USAF Academy cadet work on the Google Earth project for the CS 453/454 capstone course. The Google Pilot cadet project was a computer science 453/454 year long capstone project. Lt Col Berry led the students in their creation of a formalized system realized by Capt Jacobson a C-17 pilot. This project was demonstrated to leadership in the Air Force and was selected to be included into the next version of PFPS (Portable Flight Planning Software) released in late 2010, now called the WEdge Viewer., The original document contains color images. All DTIC reproductions will be in black and white.

This color, topographical map shows the entire Pony Express National Historic Trail. The nearly 1900 mile long trail covers eight states: Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, Nevada, and California. This map measures approximately 50" x 11".

From Foothill College and the Using a Web-Based GIS to Teach Problem-Based Science in High School and College project, this document contains two maps of the location of water resources in California. This document is intended to be used with the Introduction to Topographic Maps worksheet. This is a helpful resource for the introductory GIS classroom.

From Foothill College and the Using a Web-Based GIS to Teach Problem-Based Science in High School and College project, this document contains links to online resources on California's water issues and topographic maps. This document is intended to be used with the Introduction to Topographic Maps worksheet. This is a resource for the introductory GIS classroom.

This paper describes holographic technology in the form of digital 3D holographic topographic maps introduced to US Army military personnel users while they served in theater. Assessment data gathered from these personnel is summarized in a table and a chart., Presented at the Army Science Conference (26th) in Orlando, FL on 1-4 Dec 2008 and published in proceedings of the same. See also ADM002187. The original document contains color images.

We find that the global symbolic dynamics of a diffusively coupled map lattice (CML) is well approximated by a very small local model for weak to moderate coupling strengths. A local symbolic model is a truncation of the full symbolic model to one that considers only a single element and a few neighbors. Using interval analysis we give rigorous results for a range of coupling strengths and different local model widths. Examples are presented of extracting a local symbolic model from data and of controlling spatiotemporal chaos., See also ADM002187. Presented at the Army Science Conference (26th) held in Orlando, FL on 1-4 December 2008. Published in the Proceedings of the Army Science Conference (26th), December 2008.

A conductive atomic force microscopy (cAFM) technique, atomic force photovoltaic microscopy (AFPM), has been developed to characterize spatially localized inhomogeneities in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. In AFPM, a biased cAFM probe is raster scanned over an array of illuminated solar cells, simultaneously generating topographic and photocurrent maps. As proof of principle, AFPM is used to characterize OPVs, revealing substantial device to device and temporal variations in the short-circuit current. The flexibility of AFPM suggests applicability to nanoscale characterization of a wide range of optoelectronically active materials and devices., The original document contains color images. Sponsored in part by DOE grant FG02-06ER46320 and ECS grant ECS-0609064.

The biological function of neurons can often be understood only in the context of large, highly interconnected networks. These networks typically form two-dimensional topographic maps, such as the retinotopic maps in mammalian visual cortex. Computational simulations of these areas have led to valuable insights about how cortical topography develops and functions, but further progress has been hindered due to the lack of appropriate simulation tools. This paper introduces the freely available Topographica maplevel simulator, originally developed at the University of Texas at Austin and now maintained at the University of Edinburgh, UK. Topographica is designed to make large-scale, detailed models practical. The goal is to allow neuroscientists and computational scientists to work together to understand how topographic maps and their connections organize and operate. This understanding will be crucial for integrating experimental observations into a comprehensive theory of brain function.

L'objectiu del projecte és realitzar un aparell per al mapatge topogràfic d'entorns exteriors. A partir d'un sensor làser de distàncies bidimensional, es dissenya un sistema que dóna un nou grau de llibertat al làser per tal de poder realitzar escaneigs tridimensionals. Es seleccionen els components necessaris, motor, sensor de posició angular i controladora electrònica i se'n dissenyen les peces que conformen la seva estructura, una part fixa i una altre part mòbil. Un cop disponibles tots els components, es construeix l'aparell, unint les peces i components i fent els diferents cables que els uneixen entre ells i amb un ordinador. La connexió amb l'ordinador es fa mitjançant el sistema operatiu lliure Linux, implementant una sèrie de programes en llenguatge C++ fent servir llibreries escrites anteriorment. Per al control del motor, es busca una aproximació dels valors del controlador que poden fer el sistema inestable i es sintonitza l'aparell. Un vehicle robòtic transporta el làser 3D per l'entorn mentre realitza diferents escaneigs. A partir de les dades obtingudes se'n fa un tractament geomètric per tal de col·locar tots els punts en una mateixa referència i obtenir així un mapa tridimensional de l'entorn escanejat. Finalment se'n fa una anàlisi econòmica i d'impacte ambiental.

This map shows topography in and around the Town of Alta, Utah.