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1. A Collection of German Science Interests in the Next Generation Very Large Array

Author

Kadler, M., Riechers, D. A., Baczko, A. K., Beuther, H., Bigiel, F., Birnstiel, T., Boccardi, B., Boogaard, L., Britzen, S., Brüggen, M., Brunthaler, A., Caselli, P., Elsässer, D., von Fellenberg, S., Flock, M., Fromm, C. M., Hoeft, M., Keenan, R. P., Kovalev, Y., Kreckel, K., Livingston, J., Lobanov, A. P., Müller, H., Ros, E., Schilke, P., Spitler, L., Ueda, T., Vardoulaki, E., Vegetti, S., Wendel, C., Xu, M. H., Zhao, G. Y., Basu, A., Tjus, J. Becker, Bernhart, S., Bonnassieux, E., DiGenaro, G., Eppel, F., Hase, H., Hoang, D., Kaasinen, M., Kun, E., Lin, Y., Mannheim, K., Menten, K., Powell, D. M., Rezzolla, L., Ricci, L., Schinnerer, E., Schmidt, K., Sulzenauer, N., Tursunov, A., Walter, F., Weiß, A., Witzel, G., Wolf, S., Zensus, J. A., Mus, A., Toth, V., Alberdi, A., Benisty, M., Cox, P., Guirado, J. C., Johnson, M. D., Juvela, M., Neeleman, M., Pashchenko, I. N., Torres, M. A. Pérez, Perraut, K., Zajacek, M., Kadler, M., Riechers, D. A., Baczko, A. K., Beuther, H., Bigiel, F., Birnstiel, T., Boccardi, B., Boogaard, L., Britzen, S., Brüggen, M., Brunthaler, A., Caselli, P., Elsässer, D., von Fellenberg, S., Flock, M., Fromm, C. M., Hoeft, M., Keenan, R. P., Kovalev, Y., Kreckel, K., Livingston, J., Lobanov, A. P., Müller, H., Ros, E., Schilke, P., Spitler, L., Ueda, T., Vardoulaki, E., Vegetti, S., Wendel, C., Xu, M. H., Zhao, G. Y., Basu, A., Tjus, J. Becker, Bernhart, S., Bonnassieux, E., DiGenaro, G., Eppel, F., Hase, H., Hoang, D., Kaasinen, M., Kun, E., Lin, Y., Mannheim, K., Menten, K., Powell, D. M., Rezzolla, L., Ricci, L., Schinnerer, E., Schmidt, K., Sulzenauer, N., Tursunov, A., Walter, F., Weiß, A., Witzel, G., Wolf, S., Zensus, J. A., Mus, A., Toth, V., Alberdi, A., Benisty, M., Cox, P., Guirado, J. C., Johnson, M. D., Juvela, M., Neeleman, M., Pashchenko, I. N., Torres, M. A. Pérez, Perraut, K., and Zajacek, M.

Abstract

The Next Generation Very Large Array (ngVLA) is a planned radio interferometer providing unprecedented sensitivity at wavelengths between 21 cm and 3 mm. Its 263 antenna element array will be spatially distributed across North America to enable both superb low surface brightness recovery and sub-milliarcsecond angular resolution imaging. The project was developed by the international astronomy community under the lead of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), and is anticipated to be built between 2027 and 2037. Two workshops have been held in 2022 and 2023 with the goal to discuss and consolidate the scientific interests in the ngVLA within the German astronomical community. This community paper constitutes a collection of 41 science ideas which the German community aims to pursue with the ngVLA in the 2030s. This is not a complete list and the ideas are not developed at the level of a "Science Book", such that the present document is mainly to be considered a "living document", to provide a basis for further discussion within the community. As such, additional contributions are welcome, and will be considered for inclusion in future revisions., Comment: Version 1.0 (status November 16, 2023): 143 pages, comments and future contributions welcome

Published
2023

2. The masses and shadows of the black holes Sagittarius A* and M87* in modified gravity (MOG)

Author

Moffat, J. W., Toth, V. T., Moffat, J. W., and Toth, V. T.

Abstract

We present calculations for the anticipated shadow sizes of Sgr A* and the supermassive black hole in the galaxy M87 in the context of the MOG modified theory of gravity (also known as Scalar-Tensor-Vector-Gravity, or STVG). We demonstrate that mass estimates derived from stellar and gas dynamics in the vicinity of these black holes are the Newtonian masses of the black holes even in the MOG theory. Consequently, shadow sizes increase as a function of the key dimensionless MOG parameter alpha that characterizes the variable gravitational coupling coefficient G, and may offer an observational means to distinguish the MOG theory from standard general relativity., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, updated to match edits in published version

Published
2019
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3. The masses and shadows of the black holes Sagittarius A* and M87* in modified gravity (MOG)

Author

Moffat, J. W., Toth, V. T., Moffat, J. W., and Toth, V. T.

Abstract

We present calculations for the anticipated shadow sizes of Sgr A* and the supermassive black hole in the galaxy M87 in the context of the MOG modified theory of gravity (also known as Scalar-Tensor-Vector-Gravity, or STVG). We demonstrate that mass estimates derived from stellar and gas dynamics in the vicinity of these black holes are the Newtonian masses of the black holes even in the MOG theory. Consequently, shadow sizes increase as a function of the key dimensionless MOG parameter alpha that characterizes the variable gravitational coupling coefficient G, and may offer an observational means to distinguish the MOG theory from standard general relativity., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, updated to match edits in published version

Published
2019
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4. NGC 1052-DF2 And Modified Gravity (MOG) Without Dark Matter

Author

Moffat, J. W., Toth, V. T., Moffat, J. W., and Toth, V. T.

Abstract

We model the velocity dispersion of the ultra-diffuse galaxy NGC 1052-DF2 using Newtonian gravity and modified gravity (MOG). The velocity dispersion predicted by MOG is higher than the Newtonian gravity prediction, but it is fully consistent with the observed velocity dispersion that is obtained from the motion of 10 globular clusters., Comment: 4 pages, version accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters

Published
2018
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5. NGC 1052-DF2 And Modified Gravity (MOG) Without Dark Matter

Author

Moffat, J. W., Toth, V. T., Moffat, J. W., and Toth, V. T.

Abstract

We model the velocity dispersion of the ultra-diffuse galaxy NGC 1052-DF2 using Newtonian gravity and modified gravity (MOG). The velocity dispersion predicted by MOG is higher than the Newtonian gravity prediction, but it is fully consistent with the observed velocity dispersion that is obtained from the motion of 10 globular clusters., Comment: 4 pages, version accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters

Published
2018
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6. Planck early results. XXII. The submillimetre properties of a sample of Galactic cold clumps

Author

Ade, P, Aghanim, N, Arnaud, M, Ashdown, M, Aumont, J, Baccigalupi, C, Balbi, A, Banday, A, Barreiro, R, Bartlett, J, Battaner, E, Benabed, K, Benoit, A, Bernard, J, Bersanelli, M, Bhatia, R, Bock, J, Bonaldi, A, Bond, J, Borrill, J, Bouchet, F, Boulanger, F, Bucher, M, Burigana, C, Cabella, P, Cantalupo, C, Cardoso, J, Catalano, A, Cayon, L, Challinor, A, Chamballu, A, Chiang, L, Christensen, P, Clements, D, Colombi, S, Couchot, F, Coulais, A, Crill, B, Cuttaia, F, Danese, L, Davies, R, De Bernardis, P, De Gasperis, G, De Rosa, A, De Zotti, G, Delabrouille, J, Delouis, J, Desert, F, Dickinson, C, Doi, Y, Donzelli, S, Dore, O, Dorl, U, Douspis, M, Dupac, X, Efstathiou, G, Ensslin, T, Falgarone, E, Finelli, F, Forni, O, Frailis, M, Franceschi, E, Galeotta, S, Ganga, K, Giard, M, Giardino, G, Giraud-Heraud, Y, Gonzalez-Nuevo, J, Gorski, K, Gratton, S, Gregorio, A, Gruppuso, A, Hansen, F, Harrison, D, Helou, G, Henrot-Versille, S, Herranz, D, Hildebrandt, S, Hivon, E, Hobson, M, Holmes, W, Hovest, W, Hoyland, R, Huffenberger, K, Ikeda, N, Jaffe, A, Jones, W, Juvela, M, Keihanen, E, Keskitalo, R, Kisner, T, Kitamura, Y, Kneissl, R, Knox, L, Kurki-Suonio, H, Lagache, G, Lamarre, J, Lasenby, A, Laureijs, R, Lawrence, C, Leach, S, Leonardi, R, Leroy, C, Linden-Vornle, M, Lopez-Caniego, M, Lubin, P, MacIas-Perez, J, Mactavish, C, Maffei, B, Malinen, J, Mandolesi, N, Mann, R, Maris, M, Marshall, D, Martin, P, Martinez-Gonzalez, E, Masi, S, Matarrese, S, Matthai, F, Mazzotta, P, Mcgehee, P, Melchiorri, A, Mendes, L, Mennella, A, Meny, C, Mitra, S, Miville-Deschenes, M, Moneti, A, Montier, L, Morgante, G, Mortlock, D, Munshi, D, Murphy, A, Naselsky, P, Nati, F, Natoli, P, Netterfield, C, Norgaard-Nielsen, H, Noviello, F, Novikov, D, Novikov, I, Osborne, S, Pagani, L, Pajot, F, Paladini, R, Pasian, F, Patanchon, G, Pelkonen, V, Perdereau, O, Perotto, L, Perrotta, F, Piacentini, F, Piat, M, Plaszczynski, S, Pointecouteau, E, Polenta, G, Ponthieu, N, Poutanen, T, Prezeau, G, Prunet, S, Puget, J, Reach, W, Rebolo, R, Reinecke, M, Renault, C, Ricciardi, S, Riller, T, Ristorcelli, I, Rocha, G, Rosset, C, Rowan-Robinson, M, Rubino-Martin, J, Rusholme, B, Sandri, M, Santos, D, Savini, G, Scott, D, Seiffert, M, Smoot, G, Starck, J, Stivoli, F, Stolyarov, V, Sudiwala, R, Sygnet, J, Tauber, J, Terenzi, L, Toffolatti, L, Tomasi, M, Torre, J, Toth, V, Tristram, M, Tuovinen, J, Umana, G, Valenziano, L, Vielva, P, Villa, F, Vittorio, N, Wade, L, Wandelt, B, Ysard, N, Yvon, D, Zacchei, A, Zonca, A, Ade P. A. R., Aghanim N., Arnaud M., Ashdown M., Aumont J., Baccigalupi C., Balbi A., Banday A. J., Barreiro R. B., Bartlett J. G., Battaner E., Benabed K., Benoit A., Bernard J. -P., Bersanelli M., Bhatia R., Bock J. J., Bonaldi A., Bond J. R., Borrill J., Bouchet F. R., Boulanger F., Bucher M., Burigana C., Cabella P., Cantalupo C. M., Cardoso J. -F., Catalano A., Cayon L., Challinor A., Chamballu A., Chiang L. -Y., Christensen P. R., Clements D. L., Colombi S., Couchot F., Coulais A., Crill B. P., Cuttaia F., Danese L., Davies R. D., De Bernardis P., De Gasperis G., De Rosa A., De Zotti G., Delabrouille J., Delouis J. -M., Desert F. -X., Dickinson C., Doi Y., Donzelli S., Dore O., Dorl U., Douspis M., Dupac X., Efstathiou G., Ensslin T. A., Falgarone E., Finelli F., Forni O., Frailis M., Franceschi E., Galeotta S., Ganga K., Giard M., Giardino G., Giraud-Heraud Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo J., Gorski K. M., Gratton S., Gregorio A., Gruppuso A., Hansen F. K., Harrison D., Helou G., Henrot-Versille S., Herranz D., Hildebrandt S. R., Hivon E., Hobson M., Holmes W. A., Hovest W., Hoyland R. J., Huffenberger K. M., Ikeda N., Jaffe A. H., Jones W. C., Juvela M., Keihanen E., Keskitalo R., Kisner T. S., Kitamura Y., Kneissl R., Knox L., Kurki-Suonio H., Lagache G., Lamarre J. -M., Lasenby A., Laureijs R. J., Lawrence C. R., Leach S., Leonardi R., Leroy C., Linden-Vornle M., Lopez-Caniego M., Lubin P. M., MacIas-Perez J. F., MacTavish C. J., Maffei B., Malinen J., Mandolesi N., Mann R., Maris M., Marshall D. J., Martin P., Martinez-Gonzalez E., Masi S., Matarrese S., Matthai F., Mazzotta P., McGehee P., Melchiorri A., Mendes L., Mennella A., Meny C., Mitra S., Miville-Deschenes M. -A., Moneti A., Montier L., Morgante G., Mortlock D., Munshi D., Murphy A., Naselsky P., Nati F., Natoli P., Netterfield C. B., Norgaard-Nielsen H. U., Noviello F., Novikov D., Novikov I., Osborne S., Pagani L., Pajot F., Paladini R., Pasian F., Patanchon G., Pelkonen V. -M., Perdereau O., Perotto L., Perrotta F., Piacentini F., Piat M., Plaszczynski S., Pointecouteau E., Polenta G., Ponthieu N., Poutanen T., Prezeau G., Prunet S., Puget J. -L., Reach W. T., Rebolo R., Reinecke M., Renault C., Ricciardi S., Riller T., Ristorcelli I., Rocha G., Rosset C., Rowan-Robinson M., Rubino-Martin J. A., Rusholme B., Sandri M., Santos D., Savini G., Scott D., Seiffert M. D., Smoot G. F., Starck J. -L., Stivoli F., Stolyarov V., Sudiwala R., Sygnet J. -F., Tauber J. A., Terenzi L., Toffolatti L., Tomasi M., Torre J. -P., Toth V., Tristram M., Tuovinen J., Umana G., Valenziano L., Vielva P., Villa F., Vittorio N., Wade L. A., Wandelt B. D., Ysard N., Yvon D., Zacchei A., Zonca A., Ade, P, Aghanim, N, Arnaud, M, Ashdown, M, Aumont, J, Baccigalupi, C, Balbi, A, Banday, A, Barreiro, R, Bartlett, J, Battaner, E, Benabed, K, Benoit, A, Bernard, J, Bersanelli, M, Bhatia, R, Bock, J, Bonaldi, A, Bond, J, Borrill, J, Bouchet, F, Boulanger, F, Bucher, M, Burigana, C, Cabella, P, Cantalupo, C, Cardoso, J, Catalano, A, Cayon, L, Challinor, A, Chamballu, A, Chiang, L, Christensen, P, Clements, D, Colombi, S, Couchot, F, Coulais, A, Crill, B, Cuttaia, F, Danese, L, Davies, R, De Bernardis, P, De Gasperis, G, De Rosa, A, De Zotti, G, Delabrouille, J, Delouis, J, Desert, F, Dickinson, C, Doi, Y, Donzelli, S, Dore, O, Dorl, U, Douspis, M, Dupac, X, Efstathiou, G, Ensslin, T, Falgarone, E, Finelli, F, Forni, O, Frailis, M, Franceschi, E, Galeotta, S, Ganga, K, Giard, M, Giardino, G, Giraud-Heraud, Y, Gonzalez-Nuevo, J, Gorski, K, Gratton, S, Gregorio, A, Gruppuso, A, Hansen, F, Harrison, D, Helou, G, Henrot-Versille, S, Herranz, D, Hildebrandt, S, Hivon, E, Hobson, M, Holmes, W, Hovest, W, Hoyland, R, Huffenberger, K, Ikeda, N, Jaffe, A, Jones, W, Juvela, M, Keihanen, E, Keskitalo, R, Kisner, T, Kitamura, Y, Kneissl, R, Knox, L, Kurki-Suonio, H, Lagache, G, Lamarre, J, Lasenby, A, Laureijs, R, Lawrence, C, Leach, S, Leonardi, R, Leroy, C, Linden-Vornle, M, Lopez-Caniego, M, Lubin, P, MacIas-Perez, J, Mactavish, C, Maffei, B, Malinen, J, Mandolesi, N, Mann, R, Maris, M, Marshall, D, Martin, P, Martinez-Gonzalez, E, Masi, S, Matarrese, S, Matthai, F, Mazzotta, P, Mcgehee, P, Melchiorri, A, Mendes, L, Mennella, A, Meny, C, Mitra, S, Miville-Deschenes, M, Moneti, A, Montier, L, Morgante, G, Mortlock, D, Munshi, D, Murphy, A, Naselsky, P, Nati, F, Natoli, P, Netterfield, C, Norgaard-Nielsen, H, Noviello, F, Novikov, D, Novikov, I, Osborne, S, Pagani, L, Pajot, F, Paladini, R, Pasian, F, Patanchon, G, Pelkonen, V, Perdereau, O, Perotto, L, Perrotta, F, Piacentini, F, Piat, M, Plaszczynski, S, Pointecouteau, E, Polenta, G, Ponthieu, N, Poutanen, T, Prezeau, G, Prunet, S, Puget, J, Reach, W, Rebolo, R, Reinecke, M, Renault, C, Ricciardi, S, Riller, T, Ristorcelli, I, Rocha, G, Rosset, C, Rowan-Robinson, M, Rubino-Martin, J, Rusholme, B, Sandri, M, Santos, D, Savini, G, Scott, D, Seiffert, M, Smoot, G, Starck, J, Stivoli, F, Stolyarov, V, Sudiwala, R, Sygnet, J, Tauber, J, Terenzi, L, Toffolatti, L, Tomasi, M, Torre, J, Toth, V, Tristram, M, Tuovinen, J, Umana, G, Valenziano, L, Vielva, P, Villa, F, Vittorio, N, Wade, L, Wandelt, B, Ysard, N, Yvon, D, Zacchei, A, Zonca, A, Ade P. A. R., Aghanim N., Arnaud M., Ashdown M., Aumont J., Baccigalupi C., Balbi A., Banday A. J., Barreiro R. B., Bartlett J. G., Battaner E., Benabed K., Benoit A., Bernard J. -P., Bersanelli M., Bhatia R., Bock J. J., Bonaldi A., Bond J. R., Borrill J., Bouchet F. R., Boulanger F., Bucher M., Burigana C., Cabella P., Cantalupo C. M., Cardoso J. -F., Catalano A., Cayon L., Challinor A., Chamballu A., Chiang L. -Y., Christensen P. R., Clements D. L., Colombi S., Couchot F., Coulais A., Crill B. P., Cuttaia F., Danese L., Davies R. D., De Bernardis P., De Gasperis G., De Rosa A., De Zotti G., Delabrouille J., Delouis J. -M., Desert F. -X., Dickinson C., Doi Y., Donzelli S., Dore O., Dorl U., Douspis M., Dupac X., Efstathiou G., Ensslin T. A., Falgarone E., Finelli F., Forni O., Frailis M., Franceschi E., Galeotta S., Ganga K., Giard M., Giardino G., Giraud-Heraud Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo J., Gorski K. M., Gratton S., Gregorio A., Gruppuso A., Hansen F. K., Harrison D., Helou G., Henrot-Versille S., Herranz D., Hildebrandt S. R., Hivon E., Hobson M., Holmes W. A., Hovest W., Hoyland R. J., Huffenberger K. M., Ikeda N., Jaffe A. H., Jones W. C., Juvela M., Keihanen E., Keskitalo R., Kisner T. S., Kitamura Y., Kneissl R., Knox L., Kurki-Suonio H., Lagache G., Lamarre J. -M., Lasenby A., Laureijs R. J., Lawrence C. R., Leach S., Leonardi R., Leroy C., Linden-Vornle M., Lopez-Caniego M., Lubin P. M., MacIas-Perez J. F., MacTavish C. J., Maffei B., Malinen J., Mandolesi N., Mann R., Maris M., Marshall D. J., Martin P., Martinez-Gonzalez E., Masi S., Matarrese S., Matthai F., Mazzotta P., McGehee P., Melchiorri A., Mendes L., Mennella A., Meny C., Mitra S., Miville-Deschenes M. -A., Moneti A., Montier L., Morgante G., Mortlock D., Munshi D., Murphy A., Naselsky P., Nati F., Natoli P., Netterfield C. B., Norgaard-Nielsen H. U., Noviello F., Novikov D., Novikov I., Osborne S., Pagani L., Pajot F., Paladini R., Pasian F., Patanchon G., Pelkonen V. -M., Perdereau O., Perotto L., Perrotta F., Piacentini F., Piat M., Plaszczynski S., Pointecouteau E., Polenta G., Ponthieu N., Poutanen T., Prezeau G., Prunet S., Puget J. -L., Reach W. T., Rebolo R., Reinecke M., Renault C., Ricciardi S., Riller T., Ristorcelli I., Rocha G., Rosset C., Rowan-Robinson M., Rubino-Martin J. A., Rusholme B., Sandri M., Santos D., Savini G., Scott D., Seiffert M. D., Smoot G. F., Starck J. -L., Stivoli F., Stolyarov V., Sudiwala R., Sygnet J. -F., Tauber J. A., Terenzi L., Toffolatti L., Tomasi M., Torre J. -P., Toth V., Tristram M., Tuovinen J., Umana G., Valenziano L., Vielva P., Villa F., Vittorio N., Wade L. A., Wandelt B. D., Ysard N., Yvon D., Zacchei A., and Zonca A.

Abstract

We perform a detailed investigation of sources from the Cold Cores Catalogue of Planck Objects (C3PO). Our goal is to probe the reliability of the detections, validate the separation between warm and cold dust emission components, provide the first glimpse at the nature, internal morphology and physical characterictics of the Planck-detected sources. We focus on a sub-sample of ten sources from the C3PO list, selected to sample different environments, from high latitude cirrus to nearby (150pc) and remote (2kpc) molecular complexes. We present Planck surface brightness maps and derive the dust temperature, emissivity spectral index, and column densities of the fields. With the help of higher resolution Herschel and AKARI continuum observations and molecular line data, we investigate the morphology of the sources and the properties of the substructures at scales below the Planck beam size. The cold clumps detected by Planck are found to be located on large-scale filamentary (or cometary) structures that extend up to 20pc in the remote sources. The thickness of these filaments ranges between 0.3 and 3pc, for column densities NH2 ~ 0.1 to 1.6 × 1022 cm-2, and with linear mass density covering a broad range, between 15 and 400 M pc -1. The dust temperatures are low (between 10 and 15K) and the Planck cold clumps correspond to local minima of the line-of-sight averaged dust temperature in these fields. These low temperatures are confirmed when AKARI and Herschel data are added to the spectral energy distributions. Herschel data reveal a wealth of substructure within the Planck cold clumps. In all cases (except two sources harbouring young stellar objects), the substructures are found to be colder, with temperatures as low as 7K. Molecular line observations provide gas column densities which are consistent with those inferred from the dust. The linewidths are all supra-thermal, providing large virial linear mass densities in the range 10 to 300 M pc-1, comparable within f

Published
2011

7. Modified Gravity (MOG), the speed of gravitational radiation and the event GW170817/GRB170817A

Author

Green, M. A., Moffat, J. W., Toth, V. T., Green, M. A., Moffat, J. W., and Toth, V. T.

Abstract

Modified gravity (MOG) is a covariant, relativistic, alternative gravitational theory whose field equations are derived from an action that supplements the spacetime metric tensor with vector and scalar fields. Both gravitational (spin 2) and electromagnetic waves travel on null geodesics of the theory's one metric. Despite a recent claim to the contrary, MOG satisfies the weak equivalence principle and is consistent with observations of the neutron star merger and gamma ray burster event GW170817/GRB170817A., Comment: 6 pages, no figures

Published
2017
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8. Modified Gravity (MOG), the speed of gravitational radiation and the event GW170817/GRB170817A

Author

Green, M. A., Moffat, J. W., Toth, V. T., Green, M. A., Moffat, J. W., and Toth, V. T.

Abstract

Modified gravity (MOG) is a covariant, relativistic, alternative gravitational theory whose field equations are derived from an action that supplements the spacetime metric tensor with vector and scalar fields. Both gravitational (spin 2) and electromagnetic waves travel on null geodesics of the theory's one metric. Despite a recent claim to the contrary, MOG satisfies the weak equivalence principle and is consistent with observations of the neutron star merger and gamma ray burster event GW170817/GRB170817A., Comment: 6 pages, no figures

Published
2017
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9. Karlhede's invariant and the black hole firewall proposal

Author

Moffat, J. W., Toth, V. T., Moffat, J. W., and Toth, V. T.

Abstract

The Karlhede invariant is formed from the contraction of the covariant derivative of the Riemann tensor. It is a coordinate invariant that vanishes at the Schwarzschild event horizon $r=2m$. The vanishing of the invariant allows an observer to construct a local measuring device and use it to detect an event horizon while falling into a black hole. Recent proposals postulate the existence of a "firewall" at the event horizon that may incinerate an infalling observer. These proposals face an apparent paradox if a freely falling observer detects nothing special in the vicinity of the horizon. The behavior of Karlhede's invariant raises the possibility that the event horizon is a real physical membrane with measurable properties that are detectable by a freely falling observer., Comment: 3 pages; comment on Kruskal-Szekeres coordinates corrected

Published
2014

10. Karlhede's invariant and the black hole firewall proposal

Author

Moffat, J. W., Toth, V. T., Moffat, J. W., and Toth, V. T.

Abstract

The Karlhede invariant is formed from the contraction of the covariant derivative of the Riemann tensor. It is a coordinate invariant that vanishes at the Schwarzschild event horizon $r=2m$. The vanishing of the invariant allows an observer to construct a local measuring device and use it to detect an event horizon while falling into a black hole. Recent proposals postulate the existence of a "firewall" at the event horizon that may incinerate an infalling observer. These proposals face an apparent paradox if a freely falling observer detects nothing special in the vicinity of the horizon. The behavior of Karlhede's invariant raises the possibility that the event horizon is a real physical membrane with measurable properties that are detectable by a freely falling observer., Comment: 3 pages; comment on Kruskal-Szekeres coordinates corrected

Published
2014

11. Rotational Velocity Curves in the Milky Way as a Test of Modified Gravity

Author

Moffat, J. W., Toth, V. T., Moffat, J. W., and Toth, V. T.

Abstract

Galaxy rotation curves determined observationally out to a radius well beyond the galaxy cores can provide a critical test of modified gravity models without dark matter. The predicted rotational velocity curve obtained from Scalar-Vector-Tensor Gravity (STVG or MOG) is in excellent agreement with data for the Milky Way without a dark matter halo, with a mass of $5\times 10^{10}\,M_{\odot}$. The velocity rotation curve predicted by modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) does not agree with the data., Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure; reformatted, misprints corrected

Published
2014
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12. Rotational Velocity Curves in the Milky Way as a Test of Modified Gravity

Author

Moffat, J. W., Toth, V. T., Moffat, J. W., and Toth, V. T.

Abstract

Galaxy rotation curves determined observationally out to a radius well beyond the galaxy cores can provide a critical test of modified gravity models without dark matter. The predicted rotational velocity curve obtained from Scalar-Vector-Tensor Gravity (STVG or MOG) is in excellent agreement with data for the Milky Way without a dark matter halo, with a mass of $5\times 10^{10}\,M_{\odot}$. The velocity rotation curve predicted by modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) does not agree with the data., Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure; reformatted, misprints corrected

Published
2014
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15. Applying MOG to lensing: Einstein rings, Abell 520 and the Bullet Cluster

Author

Moffat, J. W., Rahvar, S., Toth, V. T., Moffat, J. W., Rahvar, S., and Toth, V. T.

Abstract

We investigate gravitational lensing in the context of the MOG modified theory of gravity. Using a formulation of the theory with no adjustable or fitted parameters, we present the MOG equations of motion for slow, nonrelativistic test particles and for ultrarelativistic test particles, such as rays of light. We demonstrate how the MOG prediction for the bending of light can be applied to astronomical observations. Our investigation first focuses on a small set of strong lensing observations where the properties of the lensing objects are found to be consistent with the predictions of the theory. We also present an analysis of the colliding clusters 1E0657-558 (known also as the Bullet Cluster) and Abell 520; in both cases, the predictions of the MOG theory are in good agreement with observation., Comment: 14 pages, 2 figures; final proof before publication

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

16. Applying MOG to lensing: Einstein rings, Abell 520 and the Bullet Cluster

Author

Moffat, J. W., Rahvar, S., Toth, V. T., Moffat, J. W., Rahvar, S., and Toth, V. T.

Abstract

We investigate gravitational lensing in the context of the MOG modified theory of gravity. Using a formulation of the theory with no adjustable or fitted parameters, we present the MOG equations of motion for slow, nonrelativistic test particles and for ultrarelativistic test particles, such as rays of light. We demonstrate how the MOG prediction for the bending of light can be applied to astronomical observations. Our investigation first focuses on a small set of strong lensing observations where the properties of the lensing objects are found to be consistent with the predictions of the theory. We also present an analysis of the colliding clusters 1E0657-558 (known also as the Bullet Cluster) and Abell 520; in both cases, the predictions of the MOG theory are in good agreement with observation., Comment: 14 pages, 2 figures; final proof before publication

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

17. Planck early results. XXIII. The first all-sky survey of Galactic cold clumps

Author

Poutanen, T., Natoli, P., Polenta, G., Bartlett, J.G., Bucher, M., Cardoso, J.-F., Catalano, A., Delabrouille, J., Ganga, K., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Patanchon, G., Piat, M., Rosset, C., Smoot, G.F., Ashdown, M., Hobson, M., Lasenby, A., Stolyarov, V., Bhatia, R., Kneissl, R., Bond, J.R., Martin, P., Miville-Deschênes, M.-A., Banday, A.J., Bernard, J.-P., Forni, O., Giard, M., Leroy, C., Marshall, D.J., Montier, L., Pointecouteau, E., Ristorcelli, I., Bock, J.J., Doré, O., Helou, G., Hildebrandt, S.R., Paladini, R., Pearson, T.J., Prézeau, G., Rocha, G., Seiffert, M.D., Challinor, A., Starck, J.-L., Yvon, D., Linden-Vørnle, Michael, Nørgaard-Nielsen, Hans Ulrik, Joncas, G., Toffolatti, L., Netterfield, C.B., Dobashi, K., Scott, D., Juvela, M., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kurki-Suonio, H., Ysard, N., Jones, W.C., Cayón, L., Knox, L., Leonardi, R., Lubin, P.M., Zonca, A., Wandelt, B.D., Matarrese, S., De Bernardis, P., Masi, S., Melchiorri, A., Nati, F., Piacentini, F., Bersanelli, M., Mennella, A., Tomasi, M., Gregorio, A., Balbi, A., Cabella, P., De Gasperis, G., Mazzotta, P., Vittorio, N., Christensen, P.R., Naselsky, P., Rebolo, R., Rubiño-Martín, J.A., Marton, G., Toth, V., Zahorecz, S., Dupac, X., Mendes, L., Giardino, G., Laureijs, R.J., Tauber, J.A., Umana, G., Bonaldi, A., De Zotti, G., Frailis, M., Galeotta, S., Maris, M., Pasian, F., Zacchei, A., Burigana, C., Cuttaia, F., De Rosa, A., Finelli, F., Franceschi, E., Gruppuso, A., Mandolesi, N., Morgante, G., Ricciardi, S., Sandri, M., Terenzi, L., Valenziano, L., Villa, F., Donzelli, S., Stivoli, F., Désert, F.-X., Chamballu, A., Clements, D.L., Jaffe, A.H., Mortlock, D., Novikov, D., Rowan-Robinson, M., Chary, R.-R., McGehee, P., Pelkonen, V.-M., Rusholme, B., Benoît, A., Aghanim, N., Aumont, J., Boulanger, F., Douspis, M., Lagache, G., Noviello, F., Pajot, F., Ponthieu, N., Puget, J.-L., Torre, J.-P., Benabed, K., Bouchet, F.R., Colombi, S., Delouis, J.-M., Hivon, E., Moneti, A., Prunet, S., Sygnet, J.-F., Chiang, L.-Y., Efstathiou, G., Gratton, S., Harrison, D., Munshi, D., Hansen, F.K., Hoyland, R.J., Barreiro, R.B., Herranz, D., López-Caniego, M., Martínez-González, E., Vielva, P., Crill, B.P., Górski, K.M., Holmes, W.A., Lawrence, C.R., Mitra, S., Wade, L.A., Davies, R.D., Davis, R.J., Dickinson, C., Maffei, B., MacTavish, C.J., Coulais, A., Falgarone, E., Lamarre, J.-M., Arnaud, M., MacÍas-Pérez, J.F., Perotto, L., Renault, C., Santos, D., Couchot, F., Henrot-Versillé, S., Perdereau, O., Plaszczynski, S., Tristram, M., Borrill, J., Cantalupo, C.M., Kisner, T.S., Dörl, U., Enßlin, T.A., Hovest, W., Matthai, F., Reinecke, M., Riller, T., Tuovinen, J., Murphy, A., Novikov, I., Savini, G., Baccigalupi, C., Danese, L., González-Nuevo, J., Leach, S., Perrotta, F., Mann, R., Ade, P.A.R., Sudiwala, R., Osborne, S., Reach, W.T., Battaner, E., Huffenberger, K.M., Poutanen, T., Natoli, P., Polenta, G., Bartlett, J.G., Bucher, M., Cardoso, J.-F., Catalano, A., Delabrouille, J., Ganga, K., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Patanchon, G., Piat, M., Rosset, C., Smoot, G.F., Ashdown, M., Hobson, M., Lasenby, A., Stolyarov, V., Bhatia, R., Kneissl, R., Bond, J.R., Martin, P., Miville-Deschênes, M.-A., Banday, A.J., Bernard, J.-P., Forni, O., Giard, M., Leroy, C., Marshall, D.J., Montier, L., Pointecouteau, E., Ristorcelli, I., Bock, J.J., Doré, O., Helou, G., Hildebrandt, S.R., Paladini, R., Pearson, T.J., Prézeau, G., Rocha, G., Seiffert, M.D., Challinor, A., Starck, J.-L., Yvon, D., Linden-Vørnle, Michael, Nørgaard-Nielsen, Hans Ulrik, Joncas, G., Toffolatti, L., Netterfield, C.B., Dobashi, K., Scott, D., Juvela, M., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kurki-Suonio, H., Ysard, N., Jones, W.C., Cayón, L., Knox, L., Leonardi, R., Lubin, P.M., Zonca, A., Wandelt, B.D., Matarrese, S., De Bernardis, P., Masi, S., Melchiorri, A., Nati, F., Piacentini, F., Bersanelli, M., Mennella, A., Tomasi, M., Gregorio, A., Balbi, A., Cabella, P., De Gasperis, G., Mazzotta, P., Vittorio, N., Christensen, P.R., Naselsky, P., Rebolo, R., Rubiño-Martín, J.A., Marton, G., Toth, V., Zahorecz, S., Dupac, X., Mendes, L., Giardino, G., Laureijs, R.J., Tauber, J.A., Umana, G., Bonaldi, A., De Zotti, G., Frailis, M., Galeotta, S., Maris, M., Pasian, F., Zacchei, A., Burigana, C., Cuttaia, F., De Rosa, A., Finelli, F., Franceschi, E., Gruppuso, A., Mandolesi, N., Morgante, G., Ricciardi, S., Sandri, M., Terenzi, L., Valenziano, L., Villa, F., Donzelli, S., Stivoli, F., Désert, F.-X., Chamballu, A., Clements, D.L., Jaffe, A.H., Mortlock, D., Novikov, D., Rowan-Robinson, M., Chary, R.-R., McGehee, P., Pelkonen, V.-M., Rusholme, B., Benoît, A., Aghanim, N., Aumont, J., Boulanger, F., Douspis, M., Lagache, G., Noviello, F., Pajot, F., Ponthieu, N., Puget, J.-L., Torre, J.-P., Benabed, K., Bouchet, F.R., Colombi, S., Delouis, J.-M., Hivon, E., Moneti, A., Prunet, S., Sygnet, J.-F., Chiang, L.-Y., Efstathiou, G., Gratton, S., Harrison, D., Munshi, D., Hansen, F.K., Hoyland, R.J., Barreiro, R.B., Herranz, D., López-Caniego, M., Martínez-González, E., Vielva, P., Crill, B.P., Górski, K.M., Holmes, W.A., Lawrence, C.R., Mitra, S., Wade, L.A., Davies, R.D., Davis, R.J., Dickinson, C., Maffei, B., MacTavish, C.J., Coulais, A., Falgarone, E., Lamarre, J.-M., Arnaud, M., MacÍas-Pérez, J.F., Perotto, L., Renault, C., Santos, D., Couchot, F., Henrot-Versillé, S., Perdereau, O., Plaszczynski, S., Tristram, M., Borrill, J., Cantalupo, C.M., Kisner, T.S., Dörl, U., Enßlin, T.A., Hovest, W., Matthai, F., Reinecke, M., Riller, T., Tuovinen, J., Murphy, A., Novikov, I., Savini, G., Baccigalupi, C., Danese, L., González-Nuevo, J., Leach, S., Perrotta, F., Mann, R., Ade, P.A.R., Sudiwala, R., Osborne, S., Reach, W.T., Battaner, E., and Huffenberger, K.M.

Abstract

We present the statistical properties of the Cold Clump Catalogue of Planck Objects (C3PO), the first all-sky catalogue of cold objects, in terms of their spatial distribution, dust temperature, distance, mass, and morphology. We have combined Planck and IRAS data to extract 10342 cold sources that stand out against a warmer environment. The sources are distributed over the whole sky, including in the Galactic plane, despite the confusion, and up to high latitudes (>30°). We find a strong spatial correlation of these sources with ancillary data tracing Galactic molecular structures and infrared dark clouds where the latter have been catalogued. These cold clumps are not isolated but clustered in groups. Dust temperature and emissivity spectral index values are derived from their spectral energy distributions using both Planck and IRAS data. The temperatures range from 7K to 19K, with a distribution peaking around 13K. The data are inconsistent with a constant value of the associated spectral index β over the whole temperature range: β varies from 1.4 to 2.8, with a mean value around 2.1. Distances are obtained for approximately one third of the objects. Most of the detections lie within 2kpc of the Sun, but more distant sources are also detected, out to 7kpc. The mass estimates inferred from dust emission range from 0.4 M to 2.4 × 105 M. Their physical properties show that these cold sources trace a broad range of objects, from low-mass dense cores to giant molecular clouds, hence the "cold clump" terminology. This first statistical analysis of the C3PO reveals at least two colder populations of special interest with temperatures in the range 7 to 12K: cores that mostly lie close to the Sun; and massive cold clumps located in the inner Galaxy. We also describe the statistics of the early cold core (ECC) sample that is a subset of the C3PO, containing only the 915 most reliable detections. The ECC is delivered as a part of the Planck Early Release Compact Source C

Published
2011

18. Planck early results. XXIII. The first all-sky survey of Galactic cold clumps

Author

Poutanen, T., Natoli, P., Polenta, G., Bartlett, J.G., Bucher, M., Cardoso, J.-F., Catalano, A., Delabrouille, J., Ganga, K., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Patanchon, G., Piat, M., Rosset, C., Smoot, G.F., Ashdown, M., Hobson, M., Lasenby, A., Stolyarov, V., Bhatia, R., Kneissl, R., Bond, J.R., Martin, P., Miville-Deschênes, M.-A., Banday, A.J., Bernard, J.-P., Forni, O., Giard, M., Leroy, C., Marshall, D.J., Montier, L., Pointecouteau, E., Ristorcelli, I., Bock, J.J., Doré, O., Helou, G., Hildebrandt, S.R., Paladini, R., Pearson, T.J., Prézeau, G., Rocha, G., Seiffert, M.D., Challinor, A., Starck, J.-L., Yvon, D., Linden-Vørnle, Michael, Nørgaard-Nielsen, Hans Ulrik, Joncas, G., Toffolatti, L., Netterfield, C.B., Dobashi, K., Scott, D., Juvela, M., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kurki-Suonio, H., Ysard, N., Jones, W.C., Cayón, L., Knox, L., Leonardi, R., Lubin, P.M., Zonca, A., Wandelt, B.D., Matarrese, S., De Bernardis, P., Masi, S., Melchiorri, A., Nati, F., Piacentini, F., Bersanelli, M., Mennella, A., Tomasi, M., Gregorio, A., Balbi, A., Cabella, P., De Gasperis, G., Mazzotta, P., Vittorio, N., Christensen, P.R., Naselsky, P., Rebolo, R., Rubiño-Martín, J.A., Marton, G., Toth, V., Zahorecz, S., Dupac, X., Mendes, L., Giardino, G., Laureijs, R.J., Tauber, J.A., Umana, G., Bonaldi, A., De Zotti, G., Frailis, M., Galeotta, S., Maris, M., Pasian, F., Zacchei, A., Burigana, C., Cuttaia, F., De Rosa, A., Finelli, F., Franceschi, E., Gruppuso, A., Mandolesi, N., Morgante, G., Ricciardi, S., Sandri, M., Terenzi, L., Valenziano, L., Villa, F., Donzelli, S., Stivoli, F., Désert, F.-X., Chamballu, A., Clements, D.L., Jaffe, A.H., Mortlock, D., Novikov, D., Rowan-Robinson, M., Chary, R.-R., McGehee, P., Pelkonen, V.-M., Rusholme, B., Benoît, A., Aghanim, N., Aumont, J., Boulanger, F., Douspis, M., Lagache, G., Noviello, F., Pajot, F., Ponthieu, N., Puget, J.-L., Torre, J.-P., Benabed, K., Bouchet, F.R., Colombi, S., Delouis, J.-M., Hivon, E., Moneti, A., Prunet, S., Sygnet, J.-F., Chiang, L.-Y., Efstathiou, G., Gratton, S., Harrison, D., Munshi, D., Hansen, F.K., Hoyland, R.J., Barreiro, R.B., Herranz, D., López-Caniego, M., Martínez-González, E., Vielva, P., Crill, B.P., Górski, K.M., Holmes, W.A., Lawrence, C.R., Mitra, S., Wade, L.A., Davies, R.D., Davis, R.J., Dickinson, C., Maffei, B., MacTavish, C.J., Coulais, A., Falgarone, E., Lamarre, J.-M., Arnaud, M., MacÍas-Pérez, J.F., Perotto, L., Renault, C., Santos, D., Couchot, F., Henrot-Versillé, S., Perdereau, O., Plaszczynski, S., Tristram, M., Borrill, J., Cantalupo, C.M., Kisner, T.S., Dörl, U., Enßlin, T.A., Hovest, W., Matthai, F., Reinecke, M., Riller, T., Tuovinen, J., Murphy, A., Novikov, I., Savini, G., Baccigalupi, C., Danese, L., González-Nuevo, J., Leach, S., Perrotta, F., Mann, R., Ade, P.A.R., Sudiwala, R., Osborne, S., Reach, W.T., Battaner, E., Huffenberger, K.M., Poutanen, T., Natoli, P., Polenta, G., Bartlett, J.G., Bucher, M., Cardoso, J.-F., Catalano, A., Delabrouille, J., Ganga, K., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Patanchon, G., Piat, M., Rosset, C., Smoot, G.F., Ashdown, M., Hobson, M., Lasenby, A., Stolyarov, V., Bhatia, R., Kneissl, R., Bond, J.R., Martin, P., Miville-Deschênes, M.-A., Banday, A.J., Bernard, J.-P., Forni, O., Giard, M., Leroy, C., Marshall, D.J., Montier, L., Pointecouteau, E., Ristorcelli, I., Bock, J.J., Doré, O., Helou, G., Hildebrandt, S.R., Paladini, R., Pearson, T.J., Prézeau, G., Rocha, G., Seiffert, M.D., Challinor, A., Starck, J.-L., Yvon, D., Linden-Vørnle, Michael, Nørgaard-Nielsen, Hans Ulrik, Joncas, G., Toffolatti, L., Netterfield, C.B., Dobashi, K., Scott, D., Juvela, M., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kurki-Suonio, H., Ysard, N., Jones, W.C., Cayón, L., Knox, L., Leonardi, R., Lubin, P.M., Zonca, A., Wandelt, B.D., Matarrese, S., De Bernardis, P., Masi, S., Melchiorri, A., Nati, F., Piacentini, F., Bersanelli, M., Mennella, A., Tomasi, M., Gregorio, A., Balbi, A., Cabella, P., De Gasperis, G., Mazzotta, P., Vittorio, N., Christensen, P.R., Naselsky, P., Rebolo, R., Rubiño-Martín, J.A., Marton, G., Toth, V., Zahorecz, S., Dupac, X., Mendes, L., Giardino, G., Laureijs, R.J., Tauber, J.A., Umana, G., Bonaldi, A., De Zotti, G., Frailis, M., Galeotta, S., Maris, M., Pasian, F., Zacchei, A., Burigana, C., Cuttaia, F., De Rosa, A., Finelli, F., Franceschi, E., Gruppuso, A., Mandolesi, N., Morgante, G., Ricciardi, S., Sandri, M., Terenzi, L., Valenziano, L., Villa, F., Donzelli, S., Stivoli, F., Désert, F.-X., Chamballu, A., Clements, D.L., Jaffe, A.H., Mortlock, D., Novikov, D., Rowan-Robinson, M., Chary, R.-R., McGehee, P., Pelkonen, V.-M., Rusholme, B., Benoît, A., Aghanim, N., Aumont, J., Boulanger, F., Douspis, M., Lagache, G., Noviello, F., Pajot, F., Ponthieu, N., Puget, J.-L., Torre, J.-P., Benabed, K., Bouchet, F.R., Colombi, S., Delouis, J.-M., Hivon, E., Moneti, A., Prunet, S., Sygnet, J.-F., Chiang, L.-Y., Efstathiou, G., Gratton, S., Harrison, D., Munshi, D., Hansen, F.K., Hoyland, R.J., Barreiro, R.B., Herranz, D., López-Caniego, M., Martínez-González, E., Vielva, P., Crill, B.P., Górski, K.M., Holmes, W.A., Lawrence, C.R., Mitra, S., Wade, L.A., Davies, R.D., Davis, R.J., Dickinson, C., Maffei, B., MacTavish, C.J., Coulais, A., Falgarone, E., Lamarre, J.-M., Arnaud, M., MacÍas-Pérez, J.F., Perotto, L., Renault, C., Santos, D., Couchot, F., Henrot-Versillé, S., Perdereau, O., Plaszczynski, S., Tristram, M., Borrill, J., Cantalupo, C.M., Kisner, T.S., Dörl, U., Enßlin, T.A., Hovest, W., Matthai, F., Reinecke, M., Riller, T., Tuovinen, J., Murphy, A., Novikov, I., Savini, G., Baccigalupi, C., Danese, L., González-Nuevo, J., Leach, S., Perrotta, F., Mann, R., Ade, P.A.R., Sudiwala, R., Osborne, S., Reach, W.T., Battaner, E., and Huffenberger, K.M.

Abstract

We present the statistical properties of the Cold Clump Catalogue of Planck Objects (C3PO), the first all-sky catalogue of cold objects, in terms of their spatial distribution, dust temperature, distance, mass, and morphology. We have combined Planck and IRAS data to extract 10342 cold sources that stand out against a warmer environment. The sources are distributed over the whole sky, including in the Galactic plane, despite the confusion, and up to high latitudes (>30°). We find a strong spatial correlation of these sources with ancillary data tracing Galactic molecular structures and infrared dark clouds where the latter have been catalogued. These cold clumps are not isolated but clustered in groups. Dust temperature and emissivity spectral index values are derived from their spectral energy distributions using both Planck and IRAS data. The temperatures range from 7K to 19K, with a distribution peaking around 13K. The data are inconsistent with a constant value of the associated spectral index β over the whole temperature range: β varies from 1.4 to 2.8, with a mean value around 2.1. Distances are obtained for approximately one third of the objects. Most of the detections lie within 2kpc of the Sun, but more distant sources are also detected, out to 7kpc. The mass estimates inferred from dust emission range from 0.4 M to 2.4 × 105 M. Their physical properties show that these cold sources trace a broad range of objects, from low-mass dense cores to giant molecular clouds, hence the "cold clump" terminology. This first statistical analysis of the C3PO reveals at least two colder populations of special interest with temperatures in the range 7 to 12K: cores that mostly lie close to the Sun; and massive cold clumps located in the inner Galaxy. We also describe the statistics of the early cold core (ECC) sample that is a subset of the C3PO, containing only the 915 most reliable detections. The ECC is delivered as a part of the Planck Early Release Compact Source C

Published
2011

19. Comment on 'The Real Problem with MOND' by Scott Dodelson, arXiv:1112.1320

Author

Moffat, J. W., Toth, V. T., Moffat, J. W., and Toth, V. T.

Abstract

We comment on arXiv:1112.1320 and point out that baryonic oscillations of the matter power spectrum, while predicted by theories that do not incorporate collisionless cold dark matter, are strongly suppressed by the statistical window function that is used to process finite-sized galaxy samples. We assert that with present-day data sets, the slope of the matter power spectrum is a much stronger indicator of a theory's validity. We also argue that MOND should not be used as a strawman theory as it is not in general representative of modified gravity theories; some theories, notably our scalar-vector-tensor MOdified Gravity (MOG), offer much more successful predictions of cosmological observations., Comment: 3 pages, 1 figure

Published
2011

20. Planck Early Results: The submillimetre properties of a sample of Galactic cold clumps

Author

Planck Collaboration, Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoît, A., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bock, J. J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Boulanger, F., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cantalupo, C. M., Cardoso, J. -F., Catalano, A., Cayón, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chiang, L. -Y, Christensen, P. R., Clements, D. L., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R. D., de Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J. -M., Désert, F. -X., Dickinson, C., Doerl, U., Doi, Y., Donzelli, S., Doré, O., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T. A., Falgarone, E., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D., Helou, G., Henrot-Versillé, S., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R. J., Huffenberger, K. M., Ikeda, N., Jaffe, A. H., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T. S., Kitamura, Y., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R. J., Lawrence, C. R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Leroy, C., Linden-Vørnle, M., López-Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Macías-Pérez, J. F., MacTavish, C. J., Maffei, B., Malinen, J., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Marshall, D. J., Martin, P., Martínez-González, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., McGehee, P., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Meny, C., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschênes, M. -A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, A., Naselsky, P., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C. B., Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Pagani, L., Pajot, F., Paladini, R., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Pelkonen, V. -M., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Prézeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J. -L., Reach, W. T., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rowan-Robinson, M., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Savini, G., Scott, D., Seiffert, M. D., Smoot, G. F., Starck, J. -L., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Sudiwala, R., Sygnet, J. -F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J. -P., Toth, V., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., Ysard, N., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zonca, A., Planck Collaboration, Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoît, A., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bock, J. J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Boulanger, F., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cantalupo, C. M., Cardoso, J. -F., Catalano, A., Cayón, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chiang, L. -Y, Christensen, P. R., Clements, D. L., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R. D., de Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J. -M., Désert, F. -X., Dickinson, C., Doerl, U., Doi, Y., Donzelli, S., Doré, O., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T. A., Falgarone, E., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D., Helou, G., Henrot-Versillé, S., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R. J., Huffenberger, K. M., Ikeda, N., Jaffe, A. H., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T. S., Kitamura, Y., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R. J., Lawrence, C. R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Leroy, C., Linden-Vørnle, M., López-Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Macías-Pérez, J. F., MacTavish, C. J., Maffei, B., Malinen, J., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Marshall, D. J., Martin, P., Martínez-González, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., McGehee, P., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Meny, C., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschênes, M. -A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, A., Naselsky, P., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C. B., Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Pagani, L., Pajot, F., Paladini, R., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Pelkonen, V. -M., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Prézeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J. -L., Reach, W. T., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rowan-Robinson, M., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Savini, G., Scott, D., Seiffert, M. D., Smoot, G. F., Starck, J. -L., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Sudiwala, R., Sygnet, J. -F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J. -P., Toth, V., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., Ysard, N., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.

Abstract

(abridged) We perform a detailed investigation of sources from the Cold Cores Catalogue of Planck Objects (C3PO). Our goal is to probe the reliability of the detections, validate the separation between warm and cold dust emission components, provide the first glimpse at the nature, internal morphology and physical characterictics of the Planck-detected sources. We focus on a sub-sample of ten sources from the C3PO list, selected to sample different environments, from high latitude cirrus to nearby (150pc) and remote (2kpc) molecular complexes. We present Planck surface brightness maps and derive the dust temperature, emissivity spectral index, and column densities of the fields. With the help of higher resolution Herschel and AKARI continuum observations and molecular line data, we investigate the morphology of the sources and the properties of the substructures at scales below the Planck beam size., Comment: This paper is part of a package of papers describing first results of the Planck mission, to be published together in a special issue of A&A. Corresponding author: Isabelle.Ristorcelli@cesr.fr. Full resolution version available from http://www.sciops.esa.int/index.php?project=PLANCK&page=Planck_Published_Papers

Published
2011
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21. Planck Early Results: The Galactic Cold Core Population revealed by the first all-sky survey

Author

Planck Collaboration, Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoît, A., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bock, J. J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Boulanger, F., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cantalupo, C. M., Cardoso, J. -F., Catalano, A., Cayón, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chary, R. -R., Chiang, L. -Y, Christensen, P. R., Clements, D. L., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R. D., Davis, R. J., de Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J. -M., Désert, F. -X., Dickinson, C., Dobashi, K., Donzelli, S., Doré, O., Dörl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T. A., Falgarone, E., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D., Helou, G., Henrot-Versillé, S., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R. J., Huffenberger, K. M., Jaffe, A. H., Joncas, G., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T. S., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R. J., Lawrence, C. R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Leroy, C., Linden-Vørnle, M., López-Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Macías-Pérez, J. F., MacTavish, C. J., Maffei, B., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Marshall, D. J., Martin, P., Martínez-González, E., Marton, G., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., McGehee, P., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschênes, M. -A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, A., Naselsky, P., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C. B., Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Paladini, R., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Pearson, T. J., Pelkonen, V. -M., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Prézeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J. -L., Reach, W. T., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rowan-Robinson, M., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Savini, G., Scott, D., Seiffert, M. D., Smoot, G. F., Starck, J. -L., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Sudiwala, R., Sygnet, J. -F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J. -P., Toth, V., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., Ysard, N., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zahorecz, S., Zonca, A., Planck Collaboration, Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoît, A., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bock, J. J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Boulanger, F., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cantalupo, C. M., Cardoso, J. -F., Catalano, A., Cayón, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chary, R. -R., Chiang, L. -Y, Christensen, P. R., Clements, D. L., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R. D., Davis, R. J., de Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J. -M., Désert, F. -X., Dickinson, C., Dobashi, K., Donzelli, S., Doré, O., Dörl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T. A., Falgarone, E., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D., Helou, G., Henrot-Versillé, S., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R. J., Huffenberger, K. M., Jaffe, A. H., Joncas, G., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T. S., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R. J., Lawrence, C. R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Leroy, C., Linden-Vørnle, M., López-Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Macías-Pérez, J. F., MacTavish, C. J., Maffei, B., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Marshall, D. J., Martin, P., Martínez-González, E., Marton, G., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., McGehee, P., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschênes, M. -A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, A., Naselsky, P., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C. B., Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Paladini, R., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Pearson, T. J., Pelkonen, V. -M., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Prézeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J. -L., Reach, W. T., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rowan-Robinson, M., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Savini, G., Scott, D., Seiffert, M. D., Smoot, G. F., Starck, J. -L., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Sudiwala, R., Sygnet, J. -F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J. -P., Toth, V., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., Ysard, N., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zahorecz, S., and Zonca, A.

Abstract

We present the statistical properties of the first version of the Cold Core Catalogue of Planck Objects (C3PO), in terms of their spatial distribution, temperature, distance, mass, and morphology. We also describe the statistics of the Early Cold Core Catalogue (ECC, delivered with the Early Release Compact Source Catalogue, ERCSC) that is the subset of the 915 most reliable detections of the complete catalogue. We have used the CoCoCoDeT algorithm to extract 10783 cold sources. Temperature and dust emission spectral index {\beta} values are derived using the fluxes in the IRAS 100 \mum band and the three highest frequency Planck bands. Temperature spans from 7K to 17K, and peaks around 13K. Data are not consistent with a constant value of {\beta} over the all temperature range. {\beta} ranges from 1.4 to 2.8 with a mean value around 2.1, and several possible scenarios are possible, including {\beta}(T) and the effect of multiple T components folded into the measurements. For one third of the objects the distances are obtained. Most of the detections are within 2 kpc in the Solar neighbourhood, but a few are at distances greater than 4 kpc. The cores are distributed from the deep Galactic plane, despite the confusion, to high latitudes (>30$^{\circle}$). The associated mass estimates range from 1 to $10^5$ solar masses. Using their physical properties these cold sources are shown to be cold clumps, defined as the intermediate cold sub-structures between clouds and cores. These cold clumps are not isolated but mostly organized in filaments associated with molecular clouds. The Cold Core Catalogue of Planck Objects (C3PO) is the first unbiased all-sky catalogue of cold objects. It gives an unprecedented statistical view to the properties of these potential pre-stellar clumps and offers a unique possibility for their classification in terms of their intrinsic properties and environment., Comment: This paper is part of package of Planck early papers, labelled in their title by "Planck Early results:..." Corresponding Author: L. Montier (Ludovic.Montier@cesr.fr)

Published
2011
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22. Cosmological observations in a modified theory of gravity (MOG)

Author

Moffat, J. W., Toth, V. T., Moffat, J. W., and Toth, V. T.

Abstract

Our modified gravity theory (MOG) is a gravitational theory without exotic dark matter, based on an action principle. MOG has been used successfully to model astrophysical phenomena such as galaxy rotation curves, galaxy cluster masses, and lensing. MOG may also be able to account for cosmological observations. We assume that the MOG point source solution can be used to describe extended distributions of matter via an appropriately modified Poisson equation. We use this result to model perturbation growth in MOG and find that it agrees well with the observed matter power spectrum at present. As the resolution of the power spectrum improves with increasing survey size, however, significant differences emerge between the predictions of MOG and the standard LCDM model, as in the absence of exotic dark matter, oscillations of the power spectrum in MOG are not suppressed. We can also use MOG to model the acoustic power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background. A suitably adapted semi-analytical model offers a first indication that MOG may pass this test, and correctly model the peak of the acoustic spectrum., Comment: 19 pages, 3 figures; minor edits, typos corrected. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:0710.0364

Published
2011
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23. Planck early results. XXII. The submillimetre properties of a sample of Galactic cold clumps

Author

Ade, P.A.R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A.J., Barreiro, R.B., Bartlett, J.G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J.-P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bock, J.J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J.R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F.R., Boulanger, F., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cantalupo, C.M., Cardoso, J.-F., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chiang, L.-Y., Christensen, P.R., Clements, D.L., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B.P., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R.D., De Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J.-M., Desert, F.-X., Dickinson, C., Doi, Y., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T.A., Falgarone, E., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gorski, K.M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Grupposo, A., Hansen, F.K., Harrison, D., Helou, G., Henrot-Versille, S., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S.R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W.A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R.J., Huffenberger, K.M., Ikeda, N., Jaffe, A.H., Jones, W.C., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T.S., Kitamura, Y., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J.-M., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R.J., Lawrence, C.R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Leroy, C., Linden-Vornle, M., Lopez-Caniego, M., Lubin, P.M., Macias-Perez, J.F., MacTavish, C.J., Maffei, B., Malinen, J., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Marshall, D.J., Martin, P., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., McGehee, P., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Meny, C., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschenes, M.-A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, J.Anthony, Naselsky, P., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C.B., Norgaard-Nielsen, H.U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Pagani, L., Pajot, F., Paladini, R., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Pelkonen, V.-M., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Prezeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J.-L., Reach, W.T., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rowan-Robinson, M., Rubino-Martin, J.A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Savini, G., Scott, D., Seiffert, M.D., Smoot, G.F., Starck, J.-L., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Sudiwala, R., Sygnet, J.-F., Tauber, J.A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J.-P., Toth, V., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L.A., Wandelt, B.D., Ysard, N., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zonca, A., Ade, P.A.R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A.J., Barreiro, R.B., Bartlett, J.G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J.-P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bock, J.J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J.R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F.R., Boulanger, F., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cantalupo, C.M., Cardoso, J.-F., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chiang, L.-Y., Christensen, P.R., Clements, D.L., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B.P., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R.D., De Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J.-M., Desert, F.-X., Dickinson, C., Doi, Y., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T.A., Falgarone, E., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gorski, K.M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Grupposo, A., Hansen, F.K., Harrison, D., Helou, G., Henrot-Versille, S., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S.R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W.A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R.J., Huffenberger, K.M., Ikeda, N., Jaffe, A.H., Jones, W.C., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T.S., Kitamura, Y., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J.-M., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R.J., Lawrence, C.R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Leroy, C., Linden-Vornle, M., Lopez-Caniego, M., Lubin, P.M., Macias-Perez, J.F., MacTavish, C.J., Maffei, B., Malinen, J., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Marshall, D.J., Martin, P., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., McGehee, P., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Meny, C., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschenes, M.-A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, J.Anthony, Naselsky, P., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C.B., Norgaard-Nielsen, H.U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Pagani, L., Pajot, F., Paladini, R., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Pelkonen, V.-M., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Prezeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J.-L., Reach, W.T., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rowan-Robinson, M., Rubino-Martin, J.A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Savini, G., Scott, D., Seiffert, M.D., Smoot, G.F., Starck, J.-L., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Sudiwala, R., Sygnet, J.-F., Tauber, J.A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J.-P., Toth, V., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L.A., Wandelt, B.D., Ysard, N., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.

Abstract

We perform a detailed investigation of sources from the Cold Cores Catalogue of Planck Objects (C3PO). Our goal is to probe the reliability of the detections, validate the separation between warm and cold dust emission components, provide the first glimpse at the nature, internal morphology and physical characterictics of the Planck-detected sources. We focus on a sub-sample of ten sources from the C3PO list, selected to sample different environments, from high latitude cirrus to nearby (150 pc) and remote (2 kpc) molecular complexes. We present Planck surface brightness maps and derive the dust temperature, emissivity spectral index, and column densities of the fields. With the help of higher resolution Herschel and AKARI continuum observations and molecular line data, we investigate the morphology of the sources and the properties of the substructures at scales below the Planck beam size. The cold clumps detected by Planck are found to be located on large-scale filamentary (or cometary) structures that extend up to 20 pc in the remote sources. The thickness of these filaments ranges between 0.3 and 3 pc, for column densities NH2 ∼ 0.1 to 1.6 × 1022 cm−2, and with linear mass density covering a broad range, between 15 and 400 M pc−1. The dust temperatures are low (between 10 and 15K) and the Planck cold clumps correspond to local minima of the line-of-sight averaged dust temperature in these fields. These low temperatures are confirmed when AKARI and Herschel data are added to the spectral energy distributions. Herschel data reveal a wealth of substructure within the Planck cold clumps. In all cases (except two sources harbouring young stellar objects), the substructures are found to be colder, with temperatures as low as 7 K. Molecular line observations provide gas column densities which are consistent with those inferred from the dust. The linewidths are all supra-thermal, providing large virial linear mass densities in the range 10 to 300 M pc−1, comparable with

Published
2011

24. Planck early results. XXII. The submillimetre properties of a sample of Galactic cold clumps

Author

Ade, P.A.R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A.J., Barreiro, R.B., Bartlett, J.G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J.-P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bock, J.J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J.R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F.R., Boulanger, F., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cantalupo, C.M., Cardoso, J.-F., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chiang, L.-Y., Christensen, P.R., Clements, D.L., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B.P., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R.D., De Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J.-M., Desert, F.-X., Dickinson, C., Doi, Y., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T.A., Falgarone, E., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gorski, K.M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Grupposo, A., Hansen, F.K., Harrison, D., Helou, G., Henrot-Versille, S., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S.R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W.A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R.J., Huffenberger, K.M., Ikeda, N., Jaffe, A.H., Jones, W.C., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T.S., Kitamura, Y., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J.-M., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R.J., Lawrence, C.R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Leroy, C., Linden-Vornle, M., Lopez-Caniego, M., Lubin, P.M., Macias-Perez, J.F., MacTavish, C.J., Maffei, B., Malinen, J., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Marshall, D.J., Martin, P., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., McGehee, P., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Meny, C., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschenes, M.-A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, J.Anthony, Naselsky, P., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C.B., Norgaard-Nielsen, H.U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Pagani, L., Pajot, F., Paladini, R., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Pelkonen, V.-M., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Prezeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J.-L., Reach, W.T., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rowan-Robinson, M., Rubino-Martin, J.A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Savini, G., Scott, D., Seiffert, M.D., Smoot, G.F., Starck, J.-L., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Sudiwala, R., Sygnet, J.-F., Tauber, J.A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J.-P., Toth, V., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L.A., Wandelt, B.D., Ysard, N., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zonca, A., Ade, P.A.R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A.J., Barreiro, R.B., Bartlett, J.G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J.-P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bock, J.J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J.R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F.R., Boulanger, F., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cantalupo, C.M., Cardoso, J.-F., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chiang, L.-Y., Christensen, P.R., Clements, D.L., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B.P., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R.D., De Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J.-M., Desert, F.-X., Dickinson, C., Doi, Y., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T.A., Falgarone, E., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gorski, K.M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Grupposo, A., Hansen, F.K., Harrison, D., Helou, G., Henrot-Versille, S., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S.R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W.A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R.J., Huffenberger, K.M., Ikeda, N., Jaffe, A.H., Jones, W.C., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T.S., Kitamura, Y., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J.-M., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R.J., Lawrence, C.R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Leroy, C., Linden-Vornle, M., Lopez-Caniego, M., Lubin, P.M., Macias-Perez, J.F., MacTavish, C.J., Maffei, B., Malinen, J., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Marshall, D.J., Martin, P., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., McGehee, P., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Meny, C., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschenes, M.-A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, J.Anthony, Naselsky, P., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C.B., Norgaard-Nielsen, H.U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Pagani, L., Pajot, F., Paladini, R., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Pelkonen, V.-M., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Prezeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J.-L., Reach, W.T., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rowan-Robinson, M., Rubino-Martin, J.A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Savini, G., Scott, D., Seiffert, M.D., Smoot, G.F., Starck, J.-L., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Sudiwala, R., Sygnet, J.-F., Tauber, J.A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J.-P., Toth, V., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L.A., Wandelt, B.D., Ysard, N., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.

Abstract

We perform a detailed investigation of sources from the Cold Cores Catalogue of Planck Objects (C3PO). Our goal is to probe the reliability of the detections, validate the separation between warm and cold dust emission components, provide the first glimpse at the nature, internal morphology and physical characterictics of the Planck-detected sources. We focus on a sub-sample of ten sources from the C3PO list, selected to sample different environments, from high latitude cirrus to nearby (150 pc) and remote (2 kpc) molecular complexes. We present Planck surface brightness maps and derive the dust temperature, emissivity spectral index, and column densities of the fields. With the help of higher resolution Herschel and AKARI continuum observations and molecular line data, we investigate the morphology of the sources and the properties of the substructures at scales below the Planck beam size. The cold clumps detected by Planck are found to be located on large-scale filamentary (or cometary) structures that extend up to 20 pc in the remote sources. The thickness of these filaments ranges between 0.3 and 3 pc, for column densities NH2 ∼ 0.1 to 1.6 × 1022 cm−2, and with linear mass density covering a broad range, between 15 and 400 M pc−1. The dust temperatures are low (between 10 and 15K) and the Planck cold clumps correspond to local minima of the line-of-sight averaged dust temperature in these fields. These low temperatures are confirmed when AKARI and Herschel data are added to the spectral energy distributions. Herschel data reveal a wealth of substructure within the Planck cold clumps. In all cases (except two sources harbouring young stellar objects), the substructures are found to be colder, with temperatures as low as 7 K. Molecular line observations provide gas column densities which are consistent with those inferred from the dust. The linewidths are all supra-thermal, providing large virial linear mass densities in the range 10 to 300 M pc−1, comparable with

Published
2011

25. Comment on 'The Real Problem with MOND' by Scott Dodelson, arXiv:1112.1320

Author

Moffat, J. W., Toth, V. T., Moffat, J. W., and Toth, V. T.

Abstract

We comment on arXiv:1112.1320 and point out that baryonic oscillations of the matter power spectrum, while predicted by theories that do not incorporate collisionless cold dark matter, are strongly suppressed by the statistical window function that is used to process finite-sized galaxy samples. We assert that with present-day data sets, the slope of the matter power spectrum is a much stronger indicator of a theory's validity. We also argue that MOND should not be used as a strawman theory as it is not in general representative of modified gravity theories; some theories, notably our scalar-vector-tensor MOdified Gravity (MOG), offer much more successful predictions of cosmological observations., Comment: 3 pages, 1 figure

Published
2011

26. Cosmological observations in a modified theory of gravity (MOG)

Author

Moffat, J. W., Toth, V. T., Moffat, J. W., and Toth, V. T.

Abstract

Our modified gravity theory (MOG) is a gravitational theory without exotic dark matter, based on an action principle. MOG has been used successfully to model astrophysical phenomena such as galaxy rotation curves, galaxy cluster masses, and lensing. MOG may also be able to account for cosmological observations. We assume that the MOG point source solution can be used to describe extended distributions of matter via an appropriately modified Poisson equation. We use this result to model perturbation growth in MOG and find that it agrees well with the observed matter power spectrum at present. As the resolution of the power spectrum improves with increasing survey size, however, significant differences emerge between the predictions of MOG and the standard LCDM model, as in the absence of exotic dark matter, oscillations of the power spectrum in MOG are not suppressed. We can also use MOG to model the acoustic power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background. A suitably adapted semi-analytical model offers a first indication that MOG may pass this test, and correctly model the peak of the acoustic spectrum., Comment: 19 pages, 3 figures; minor edits, typos corrected. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:0710.0364

Published
2011
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27. Planck Early Results: The Galactic Cold Core Population revealed by the first all-sky survey

Author

Planck Collaboration, Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoît, A., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bock, J. J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Boulanger, F., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cantalupo, C. M., Cardoso, J. -F., Catalano, A., Cayón, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chary, R. -R., Chiang, L. -Y, Christensen, P. R., Clements, D. L., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R. D., Davis, R. J., de Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J. -M., Désert, F. -X., Dickinson, C., Dobashi, K., Donzelli, S., Doré, O., Dörl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T. A., Falgarone, E., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D., Helou, G., Henrot-Versillé, S., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R. J., Huffenberger, K. M., Jaffe, A. H., Joncas, G., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T. S., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R. J., Lawrence, C. R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Leroy, C., Linden-Vørnle, M., López-Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Macías-Pérez, J. F., MacTavish, C. J., Maffei, B., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Marshall, D. J., Martin, P., Martínez-González, E., Marton, G., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., McGehee, P., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschênes, M. -A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, A., Naselsky, P., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C. B., Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Paladini, R., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Pearson, T. J., Pelkonen, V. -M., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Prézeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J. -L., Reach, W. T., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rowan-Robinson, M., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Savini, G., Scott, D., Seiffert, M. D., Smoot, G. F., Starck, J. -L., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Sudiwala, R., Sygnet, J. -F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J. -P., Toth, V., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., Ysard, N., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zahorecz, S., Zonca, A., Planck Collaboration, Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoît, A., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bock, J. J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Boulanger, F., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cantalupo, C. M., Cardoso, J. -F., Catalano, A., Cayón, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chary, R. -R., Chiang, L. -Y, Christensen, P. R., Clements, D. L., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R. D., Davis, R. J., de Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J. -M., Désert, F. -X., Dickinson, C., Dobashi, K., Donzelli, S., Doré, O., Dörl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T. A., Falgarone, E., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D., Helou, G., Henrot-Versillé, S., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R. J., Huffenberger, K. M., Jaffe, A. H., Joncas, G., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T. S., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R. J., Lawrence, C. R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Leroy, C., Linden-Vørnle, M., López-Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Macías-Pérez, J. F., MacTavish, C. J., Maffei, B., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Marshall, D. J., Martin, P., Martínez-González, E., Marton, G., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., McGehee, P., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschênes, M. -A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, A., Naselsky, P., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C. B., Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Paladini, R., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Pearson, T. J., Pelkonen, V. -M., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Prézeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J. -L., Reach, W. T., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rowan-Robinson, M., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Savini, G., Scott, D., Seiffert, M. D., Smoot, G. F., Starck, J. -L., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Sudiwala, R., Sygnet, J. -F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J. -P., Toth, V., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., Ysard, N., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zahorecz, S., and Zonca, A.

Abstract

We present the statistical properties of the first version of the Cold Core Catalogue of Planck Objects (C3PO), in terms of their spatial distribution, temperature, distance, mass, and morphology. We also describe the statistics of the Early Cold Core Catalogue (ECC, delivered with the Early Release Compact Source Catalogue, ERCSC) that is the subset of the 915 most reliable detections of the complete catalogue. We have used the CoCoCoDeT algorithm to extract 10783 cold sources. Temperature and dust emission spectral index {\beta} values are derived using the fluxes in the IRAS 100 \mum band and the three highest frequency Planck bands. Temperature spans from 7K to 17K, and peaks around 13K. Data are not consistent with a constant value of {\beta} over the all temperature range. {\beta} ranges from 1.4 to 2.8 with a mean value around 2.1, and several possible scenarios are possible, including {\beta}(T) and the effect of multiple T components folded into the measurements. For one third of the objects the distances are obtained. Most of the detections are within 2 kpc in the Solar neighbourhood, but a few are at distances greater than 4 kpc. The cores are distributed from the deep Galactic plane, despite the confusion, to high latitudes (>30$^{\circle}$). The associated mass estimates range from 1 to $10^5$ solar masses. Using their physical properties these cold sources are shown to be cold clumps, defined as the intermediate cold sub-structures between clouds and cores. These cold clumps are not isolated but mostly organized in filaments associated with molecular clouds. The Cold Core Catalogue of Planck Objects (C3PO) is the first unbiased all-sky catalogue of cold objects. It gives an unprecedented statistical view to the properties of these potential pre-stellar clumps and offers a unique possibility for their classification in terms of their intrinsic properties and environment., Comment: This paper is part of package of Planck early papers, labelled in their title by "Planck Early results:..." Corresponding Author: L. Montier (Ludovic.Montier@cesr.fr)

Published
2011
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28. Planck Early Results: The submillimetre properties of a sample of Galactic cold clumps

Author

Planck Collaboration, Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoît, A., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bock, J. J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Boulanger, F., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cantalupo, C. M., Cardoso, J. -F., Catalano, A., Cayón, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chiang, L. -Y, Christensen, P. R., Clements, D. L., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R. D., de Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J. -M., Désert, F. -X., Dickinson, C., Doerl, U., Doi, Y., Donzelli, S., Doré, O., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T. A., Falgarone, E., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D., Helou, G., Henrot-Versillé, S., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R. J., Huffenberger, K. M., Ikeda, N., Jaffe, A. H., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T. S., Kitamura, Y., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R. J., Lawrence, C. R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Leroy, C., Linden-Vørnle, M., López-Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Macías-Pérez, J. F., MacTavish, C. J., Maffei, B., Malinen, J., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Marshall, D. J., Martin, P., Martínez-González, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., McGehee, P., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Meny, C., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschênes, M. -A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, A., Naselsky, P., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C. B., Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Pagani, L., Pajot, F., Paladini, R., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Pelkonen, V. -M., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Prézeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J. -L., Reach, W. T., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rowan-Robinson, M., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Savini, G., Scott, D., Seiffert, M. D., Smoot, G. F., Starck, J. -L., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Sudiwala, R., Sygnet, J. -F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J. -P., Toth, V., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., Ysard, N., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zonca, A., Planck Collaboration, Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoît, A., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bock, J. J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Boulanger, F., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cantalupo, C. M., Cardoso, J. -F., Catalano, A., Cayón, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chiang, L. -Y, Christensen, P. R., Clements, D. L., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R. D., de Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J. -M., Désert, F. -X., Dickinson, C., Doerl, U., Doi, Y., Donzelli, S., Doré, O., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T. A., Falgarone, E., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D., Helou, G., Henrot-Versillé, S., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R. J., Huffenberger, K. M., Ikeda, N., Jaffe, A. H., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T. S., Kitamura, Y., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R. J., Lawrence, C. R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Leroy, C., Linden-Vørnle, M., López-Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Macías-Pérez, J. F., MacTavish, C. J., Maffei, B., Malinen, J., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Marshall, D. J., Martin, P., Martínez-González, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., McGehee, P., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Meny, C., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschênes, M. -A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, A., Naselsky, P., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C. B., Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Pagani, L., Pajot, F., Paladini, R., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Pelkonen, V. -M., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Prézeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J. -L., Reach, W. T., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rowan-Robinson, M., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Savini, G., Scott, D., Seiffert, M. D., Smoot, G. F., Starck, J. -L., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Sudiwala, R., Sygnet, J. -F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J. -P., Toth, V., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., Ysard, N., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.

Abstract

(abridged) We perform a detailed investigation of sources from the Cold Cores Catalogue of Planck Objects (C3PO). Our goal is to probe the reliability of the detections, validate the separation between warm and cold dust emission components, provide the first glimpse at the nature, internal morphology and physical characterictics of the Planck-detected sources. We focus on a sub-sample of ten sources from the C3PO list, selected to sample different environments, from high latitude cirrus to nearby (150pc) and remote (2kpc) molecular complexes. We present Planck surface brightness maps and derive the dust temperature, emissivity spectral index, and column densities of the fields. With the help of higher resolution Herschel and AKARI continuum observations and molecular line data, we investigate the morphology of the sources and the properties of the substructures at scales below the Planck beam size., Comment: This paper is part of a package of papers describing first results of the Planck mission, to be published together in a special issue of A&A. Corresponding author: Isabelle.Ristorcelli@cesr.fr. Full resolution version available from http://www.sciops.esa.int/index.php?project=PLANCK&page=Planck_Published_Papers

Published
2011
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29. Planck early results. XXII. The submillimetre properties of a sample of Galactic cold clumps

Author

Poutanen, T., Natoli, P., Polenta, G., Bartlett, J.G., Bucher, M., Cardoso, J.-F., Catalano, A., Delabrouille, J., Ganga, K., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Patanchon, G., Piat, M., Rosset, C., Smoot, G.F., Ashdown, M., Hobson, M., Lasenby, A., Stolyarov, V., Bhatia, R., Kneissl, R., Bond, J.R., Martin, P., Miville-Deschênes, M.-A., Banday, A.J., Bernard, J.-P., Forni, O., Giard, M., Leroy, C., Marshall, D.J., Meny, C., Montier, L., Pointecouteau, E., Ristorcelli, I., Bock, J.J., Doré, O., Helou, G., Hildebrandt, S.R., Paladini, R., Prézeau, G., Rocha, G., Seiffert, M.D., Challinor, A., Starck, J.-L., Yvon, D., Linden-Vørnle, Michael, Nørgaard-Nielsen, Hans Ulrik, Toffolatti, L., Netterfield, C.B., Doi, Y., Scott, D., Juvela, M., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kurki-Suonio, H., Malinen, J., Ysard, N., Jones, W.C., Cayón, L., Knox, L., Leonardi, R., Lubin, P.M., Zonca, A., Wandelt, B.D., Matarrese, S., De Bernardis, P., Masi, S., Melchiorri, A., Nati, F., Piacentini, F., Bersanelli, M., Mennella, A., Tomasi, M., Gregorio, A., Balbi, A., Cabella, P., De Gasperis, G., Mazzotta, P., Vittorio, N., Christensen, P.R., Naselsky, P., Rebolo, R., Rubiño-Martín, J.A., Toth, V., Dupac, X., Mendes, L., Giardino, G., Laureijs, R.J., Tauber, J.A., Umana, G., Bonaldi, A., De Zotti, G., Frailis, M., Galeotta, S., Maris, M., Pasian, F., Zacchei, A., Burigana, C., Cuttaia, F., De Rosa, A., Finelli, F., Franceschi, E., Gruppuso, A., Mandolesi, N., Morgante, G., Ricciardi, S., Sandri, M., Terenzi, L., Valenziano, L., Villa, F., Donzelli, S., Stivoli, F., Désert, F.-X., Chamballu, A., Clements, D.L., Jaffe, A.H., Mortlock, D., Novikov, D., Rowan-Robinson, M., McGehee, P., Pelkonen, V.-M., Rusholme, B., Benoît, A., Aghanim, N., Aumont, J., Boulanger, F., Douspis, M., Lagache, G., Noviello, F., Pajot, F., Ponthieu, N., Puget, J.-L., Torre, J.-P., Benabed, K., Bouchet, F.R., Colombi, S., Delouis, J.-M., Hivon, E., Moneti, A., Prunet, S., Sygnet, J.-F., Chiang, L.-Y., Efstathiou, G., Gratton, S., Harrison, D., Munshi, D., Ikeda, N., Kitamura, Y., Hansen, F.K., Hoyland, R.J., Barreiro, R.B., Herranz, D., López-Caniego, M., Martínez-González, E., Vielva, P., Crill, B.P., Górski, K.M., Holmes, W.A., Lawrence, C.R., Mitra, S., Wade, L.A., Davies, R.D., Dickinson, C., Maffei, B., MacTavish, C.J., Coulais, A., Falgarone, E., Lamarre, J.-M., Pagani, L., Arnaud, M., MacÍas-Pérez, J.F., Perotto, L., Renault, C., Santos, D., Couchot, F., Henrot-Versillé, S., Perdereau, O., Plaszczynski, S., Tristram, M., Borrill, J., Cantalupo, C.M., Kisner, T.S., Dörl, U., Enßlin, T.A., Hovest, W., Matthai, F., Reinecke, M., Riller, T., Tuovinen, J., Murphy, A., Novikov, I., Savini, G., Baccigalupi, C., Danese, L., González-Nuevo, J., Leach, S., Perrotta, F., Mann, R., Ade, P.A.R., Sudiwala, R., Osborne, S., Reach, W.T., Battaner, E., Huffenberger, K.M., Poutanen, T., Natoli, P., Polenta, G., Bartlett, J.G., Bucher, M., Cardoso, J.-F., Catalano, A., Delabrouille, J., Ganga, K., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Patanchon, G., Piat, M., Rosset, C., Smoot, G.F., Ashdown, M., Hobson, M., Lasenby, A., Stolyarov, V., Bhatia, R., Kneissl, R., Bond, J.R., Martin, P., Miville-Deschênes, M.-A., Banday, A.J., Bernard, J.-P., Forni, O., Giard, M., Leroy, C., Marshall, D.J., Meny, C., Montier, L., Pointecouteau, E., Ristorcelli, I., Bock, J.J., Doré, O., Helou, G., Hildebrandt, S.R., Paladini, R., Prézeau, G., Rocha, G., Seiffert, M.D., Challinor, A., Starck, J.-L., Yvon, D., Linden-Vørnle, Michael, Nørgaard-Nielsen, Hans Ulrik, Toffolatti, L., Netterfield, C.B., Doi, Y., Scott, D., Juvela, M., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kurki-Suonio, H., Malinen, J., Ysard, N., Jones, W.C., Cayón, L., Knox, L., Leonardi, R., Lubin, P.M., Zonca, A., Wandelt, B.D., Matarrese, S., De Bernardis, P., Masi, S., Melchiorri, A., Nati, F., Piacentini, F., Bersanelli, M., Mennella, A., Tomasi, M., Gregorio, A., Balbi, A., Cabella, P., De Gasperis, G., Mazzotta, P., Vittorio, N., Christensen, P.R., Naselsky, P., Rebolo, R., Rubiño-Martín, J.A., Toth, V., Dupac, X., Mendes, L., Giardino, G., Laureijs, R.J., Tauber, J.A., Umana, G., Bonaldi, A., De Zotti, G., Frailis, M., Galeotta, S., Maris, M., Pasian, F., Zacchei, A., Burigana, C., Cuttaia, F., De Rosa, A., Finelli, F., Franceschi, E., Gruppuso, A., Mandolesi, N., Morgante, G., Ricciardi, S., Sandri, M., Terenzi, L., Valenziano, L., Villa, F., Donzelli, S., Stivoli, F., Désert, F.-X., Chamballu, A., Clements, D.L., Jaffe, A.H., Mortlock, D., Novikov, D., Rowan-Robinson, M., McGehee, P., Pelkonen, V.-M., Rusholme, B., Benoît, A., Aghanim, N., Aumont, J., Boulanger, F., Douspis, M., Lagache, G., Noviello, F., Pajot, F., Ponthieu, N., Puget, J.-L., Torre, J.-P., Benabed, K., Bouchet, F.R., Colombi, S., Delouis, J.-M., Hivon, E., Moneti, A., Prunet, S., Sygnet, J.-F., Chiang, L.-Y., Efstathiou, G., Gratton, S., Harrison, D., Munshi, D., Ikeda, N., Kitamura, Y., Hansen, F.K., Hoyland, R.J., Barreiro, R.B., Herranz, D., López-Caniego, M., Martínez-González, E., Vielva, P., Crill, B.P., Górski, K.M., Holmes, W.A., Lawrence, C.R., Mitra, S., Wade, L.A., Davies, R.D., Dickinson, C., Maffei, B., MacTavish, C.J., Coulais, A., Falgarone, E., Lamarre, J.-M., Pagani, L., Arnaud, M., MacÍas-Pérez, J.F., Perotto, L., Renault, C., Santos, D., Couchot, F., Henrot-Versillé, S., Perdereau, O., Plaszczynski, S., Tristram, M., Borrill, J., Cantalupo, C.M., Kisner, T.S., Dörl, U., Enßlin, T.A., Hovest, W., Matthai, F., Reinecke, M., Riller, T., Tuovinen, J., Murphy, A., Novikov, I., Savini, G., Baccigalupi, C., Danese, L., González-Nuevo, J., Leach, S., Perrotta, F., Mann, R., Ade, P.A.R., Sudiwala, R., Osborne, S., Reach, W.T., Battaner, E., and Huffenberger, K.M.

Abstract

We perform a detailed investigation of sources from the Cold Cores Catalogue of Planck Objects (C3PO). Our goal is to probe the reliability of the detections, validate the separation between warm and cold dust emission components, provide the first glimpse at the nature, internal morphology and physical characterictics of the Planck-detected sources. We focus on a sub-sample of ten sources from the C3PO list, selected to sample different environments, from high latitude cirrus to nearby (150pc) and remote (2kpc) molecular complexes. We present Planck surface brightness maps and derive the dust temperature, emissivity spectral index, and column densities of the fields. With the help of higher resolution Herschel and AKARI continuum observations and molecular line data, we investigate the morphology of the sources and the properties of the substructures at scales below the Planck beam size. The cold clumps detected by Planck are found to be located on large-scale filamentary (or cometary) structures that extend up to 20pc in the remote sources. The thickness of these filaments ranges between 0.3 and 3pc, for column densities NH2 ~ 0.1 to 1.6 × 1022 cm-2, and with linear mass density covering a broad range, between 15 and 400 M pc -1. The dust temperatures are low (between 10 and 15K) and the Planck cold clumps correspond to local minima of the line-of-sight averaged dust temperature in these fields. These low temperatures are confirmed when AKARI and Herschel data are added to the spectral energy distributions. Herschel data reveal a wealth of substructure within the Planck cold clumps. In all cases (except two sources harbouring young stellar objects), the substructures are found to be colder, with temperatures as low as 7K. Molecular line observations provide gas column densities which are consistent with those inferred from the dust. The linewidths are all supra-thermal, providing large virial linear mass densities in the range 10 to 300 M pc-1, comparable within f

Published
2011

30. Planck early results. XXII. The submillimetre properties of a sample of Galactic cold clumps

Author

Poutanen, T., Natoli, P., Polenta, G., Bartlett, J.G., Bucher, M., Cardoso, J.-F., Catalano, A., Delabrouille, J., Ganga, K., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Patanchon, G., Piat, M., Rosset, C., Smoot, G.F., Ashdown, M., Hobson, M., Lasenby, A., Stolyarov, V., Bhatia, R., Kneissl, R., Bond, J.R., Martin, P., Miville-Deschênes, M.-A., Banday, A.J., Bernard, J.-P., Forni, O., Giard, M., Leroy, C., Marshall, D.J., Meny, C., Montier, L., Pointecouteau, E., Ristorcelli, I., Bock, J.J., Doré, O., Helou, G., Hildebrandt, S.R., Paladini, R., Prézeau, G., Rocha, G., Seiffert, M.D., Challinor, A., Starck, J.-L., Yvon, D., Linden-Vørnle, Michael, Nørgaard-Nielsen, Hans Ulrik, Toffolatti, L., Netterfield, C.B., Doi, Y., Scott, D., Juvela, M., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kurki-Suonio, H., Malinen, J., Ysard, N., Jones, W.C., Cayón, L., Knox, L., Leonardi, R., Lubin, P.M., Zonca, A., Wandelt, B.D., Matarrese, S., De Bernardis, P., Masi, S., Melchiorri, A., Nati, F., Piacentini, F., Bersanelli, M., Mennella, A., Tomasi, M., Gregorio, A., Balbi, A., Cabella, P., De Gasperis, G., Mazzotta, P., Vittorio, N., Christensen, P.R., Naselsky, P., Rebolo, R., Rubiño-Martín, J.A., Toth, V., Dupac, X., Mendes, L., Giardino, G., Laureijs, R.J., Tauber, J.A., Umana, G., Bonaldi, A., De Zotti, G., Frailis, M., Galeotta, S., Maris, M., Pasian, F., Zacchei, A., Burigana, C., Cuttaia, F., De Rosa, A., Finelli, F., Franceschi, E., Gruppuso, A., Mandolesi, N., Morgante, G., Ricciardi, S., Sandri, M., Terenzi, L., Valenziano, L., Villa, F., Donzelli, S., Stivoli, F., Désert, F.-X., Chamballu, A., Clements, D.L., Jaffe, A.H., Mortlock, D., Novikov, D., Rowan-Robinson, M., McGehee, P., Pelkonen, V.-M., Rusholme, B., Benoît, A., Aghanim, N., Aumont, J., Boulanger, F., Douspis, M., Lagache, G., Noviello, F., Pajot, F., Ponthieu, N., Puget, J.-L., Torre, J.-P., Benabed, K., Bouchet, F.R., Colombi, S., Delouis, J.-M., Hivon, E., Moneti, A., Prunet, S., Sygnet, J.-F., Chiang, L.-Y., Efstathiou, G., Gratton, S., Harrison, D., Munshi, D., Ikeda, N., Kitamura, Y., Hansen, F.K., Hoyland, R.J., Barreiro, R.B., Herranz, D., López-Caniego, M., Martínez-González, E., Vielva, P., Crill, B.P., Górski, K.M., Holmes, W.A., Lawrence, C.R., Mitra, S., Wade, L.A., Davies, R.D., Dickinson, C., Maffei, B., MacTavish, C.J., Coulais, A., Falgarone, E., Lamarre, J.-M., Pagani, L., Arnaud, M., MacÍas-Pérez, J.F., Perotto, L., Renault, C., Santos, D., Couchot, F., Henrot-Versillé, S., Perdereau, O., Plaszczynski, S., Tristram, M., Borrill, J., Cantalupo, C.M., Kisner, T.S., Dörl, U., Enßlin, T.A., Hovest, W., Matthai, F., Reinecke, M., Riller, T., Tuovinen, J., Murphy, A., Novikov, I., Savini, G., Baccigalupi, C., Danese, L., González-Nuevo, J., Leach, S., Perrotta, F., Mann, R., Ade, P.A.R., Sudiwala, R., Osborne, S., Reach, W.T., Battaner, E., Huffenberger, K.M., Poutanen, T., Natoli, P., Polenta, G., Bartlett, J.G., Bucher, M., Cardoso, J.-F., Catalano, A., Delabrouille, J., Ganga, K., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Patanchon, G., Piat, M., Rosset, C., Smoot, G.F., Ashdown, M., Hobson, M., Lasenby, A., Stolyarov, V., Bhatia, R., Kneissl, R., Bond, J.R., Martin, P., Miville-Deschênes, M.-A., Banday, A.J., Bernard, J.-P., Forni, O., Giard, M., Leroy, C., Marshall, D.J., Meny, C., Montier, L., Pointecouteau, E., Ristorcelli, I., Bock, J.J., Doré, O., Helou, G., Hildebrandt, S.R., Paladini, R., Prézeau, G., Rocha, G., Seiffert, M.D., Challinor, A., Starck, J.-L., Yvon, D., Linden-Vørnle, Michael, Nørgaard-Nielsen, Hans Ulrik, Toffolatti, L., Netterfield, C.B., Doi, Y., Scott, D., Juvela, M., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kurki-Suonio, H., Malinen, J., Ysard, N., Jones, W.C., Cayón, L., Knox, L., Leonardi, R., Lubin, P.M., Zonca, A., Wandelt, B.D., Matarrese, S., De Bernardis, P., Masi, S., Melchiorri, A., Nati, F., Piacentini, F., Bersanelli, M., Mennella, A., Tomasi, M., Gregorio, A., Balbi, A., Cabella, P., De Gasperis, G., Mazzotta, P., Vittorio, N., Christensen, P.R., Naselsky, P., Rebolo, R., Rubiño-Martín, J.A., Toth, V., Dupac, X., Mendes, L., Giardino, G., Laureijs, R.J., Tauber, J.A., Umana, G., Bonaldi, A., De Zotti, G., Frailis, M., Galeotta, S., Maris, M., Pasian, F., Zacchei, A., Burigana, C., Cuttaia, F., De Rosa, A., Finelli, F., Franceschi, E., Gruppuso, A., Mandolesi, N., Morgante, G., Ricciardi, S., Sandri, M., Terenzi, L., Valenziano, L., Villa, F., Donzelli, S., Stivoli, F., Désert, F.-X., Chamballu, A., Clements, D.L., Jaffe, A.H., Mortlock, D., Novikov, D., Rowan-Robinson, M., McGehee, P., Pelkonen, V.-M., Rusholme, B., Benoît, A., Aghanim, N., Aumont, J., Boulanger, F., Douspis, M., Lagache, G., Noviello, F., Pajot, F., Ponthieu, N., Puget, J.-L., Torre, J.-P., Benabed, K., Bouchet, F.R., Colombi, S., Delouis, J.-M., Hivon, E., Moneti, A., Prunet, S., Sygnet, J.-F., Chiang, L.-Y., Efstathiou, G., Gratton, S., Harrison, D., Munshi, D., Ikeda, N., Kitamura, Y., Hansen, F.K., Hoyland, R.J., Barreiro, R.B., Herranz, D., López-Caniego, M., Martínez-González, E., Vielva, P., Crill, B.P., Górski, K.M., Holmes, W.A., Lawrence, C.R., Mitra, S., Wade, L.A., Davies, R.D., Dickinson, C., Maffei, B., MacTavish, C.J., Coulais, A., Falgarone, E., Lamarre, J.-M., Pagani, L., Arnaud, M., MacÍas-Pérez, J.F., Perotto, L., Renault, C., Santos, D., Couchot, F., Henrot-Versillé, S., Perdereau, O., Plaszczynski, S., Tristram, M., Borrill, J., Cantalupo, C.M., Kisner, T.S., Dörl, U., Enßlin, T.A., Hovest, W., Matthai, F., Reinecke, M., Riller, T., Tuovinen, J., Murphy, A., Novikov, I., Savini, G., Baccigalupi, C., Danese, L., González-Nuevo, J., Leach, S., Perrotta, F., Mann, R., Ade, P.A.R., Sudiwala, R., Osborne, S., Reach, W.T., Battaner, E., and Huffenberger, K.M.

Abstract

We perform a detailed investigation of sources from the Cold Cores Catalogue of Planck Objects (C3PO). Our goal is to probe the reliability of the detections, validate the separation between warm and cold dust emission components, provide the first glimpse at the nature, internal morphology and physical characterictics of the Planck-detected sources. We focus on a sub-sample of ten sources from the C3PO list, selected to sample different environments, from high latitude cirrus to nearby (150pc) and remote (2kpc) molecular complexes. We present Planck surface brightness maps and derive the dust temperature, emissivity spectral index, and column densities of the fields. With the help of higher resolution Herschel and AKARI continuum observations and molecular line data, we investigate the morphology of the sources and the properties of the substructures at scales below the Planck beam size. The cold clumps detected by Planck are found to be located on large-scale filamentary (or cometary) structures that extend up to 20pc in the remote sources. The thickness of these filaments ranges between 0.3 and 3pc, for column densities NH2 ~ 0.1 to 1.6 × 1022 cm-2, and with linear mass density covering a broad range, between 15 and 400 M pc -1. The dust temperatures are low (between 10 and 15K) and the Planck cold clumps correspond to local minima of the line-of-sight averaged dust temperature in these fields. These low temperatures are confirmed when AKARI and Herschel data are added to the spectral energy distributions. Herschel data reveal a wealth of substructure within the Planck cold clumps. In all cases (except two sources harbouring young stellar objects), the substructures are found to be colder, with temperatures as low as 7K. Molecular line observations provide gas column densities which are consistent with those inferred from the dust. The linewidths are all supra-thermal, providing large virial linear mass densities in the range 10 to 300 M pc-1, comparable within f

Published
2011

31. Can Modified Gravity (MOG) explain the speeding Bullet (Cluster)?

Author

Moffat, J. W., Toth, V. T., Moffat, J. W., and Toth, V. T.

Abstract

We apply our scalar-tensor-vector (STVG) modified gravity theory (MOG) to calculate the infall velocities of the two clusters constituting the Bullet Cluster 1E0657-06. In the absence of an applicable two-body solution to the MOG field equations, we adopt an approximate acceleration formula based on the spherically symmetric, static, vacuum solution of the theory in the presence of a point source. We find that this formula predicts an infall velocity of the two clusters that is consistent with estimates based on hydrodynamic simulations., Comment: 4 pages

Published
2010

32. Can Modified Gravity (MOG) explain the speeding Bullet (Cluster)?

Author

Moffat, J. W., Toth, V. T., Moffat, J. W., and Toth, V. T.

Abstract

We apply our scalar-tensor-vector (STVG) modified gravity theory (MOG) to calculate the infall velocities of the two clusters constituting the Bullet Cluster 1E0657-06. In the absence of an applicable two-body solution to the MOG field equations, we adopt an approximate acceleration formula based on the spherically symmetric, static, vacuum solution of the theory in the presence of a point source. We find that this formula predicts an infall velocity of the two clusters that is consistent with estimates based on hydrodynamic simulations., Comment: 4 pages

Published
2010

33. Observationally Verifiable Predictions of Modified Gravity

Author

Moffat, J. W., Toth, V. T., Moffat, J. W., and Toth, V. T.

Abstract

MOG is a fully relativistic modified theory of gravity based on an action principle. The MOG field equations are exactly solvable numerically in two important cases. In the spherically symmetric, static case of a gravitating mass, the equations also admit an approximate solution that closely resembles the Reissner-Nordstrom metric. Furthermore, for weak gravitational fields, a Yukawa-type modification to the Newtonian acceleration law can be obtained, which can be used to model a range of astronomical observations. Without nonbaryonic dark matter, MOG provides good agreement with the data for galaxy rotation curves, galaxy cluster masses, and gravitational lensing, while predicting no appreciable deviation from Einstein's predictions on the scale of the solar system. Another solution of the field equations is obtained for the case of a a spatially homogeneous, isotropic cosmology. MOG predicts an accelerating universe without introducing Einstein's cosmological constant; it also predicts a CMB acoustic power spectrum and a mass power spectrum that are consistent with observations without relying on non-baryonic dark matter. Increased sensitivity in future observations or space-based experiments may be sufficient to distinguish MOG from other theories, notably the LCDM "standard model" of cosmology., Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures. Talk given by JWM at the "The Invisible Universe" conference, Paris, France, June 29-July 3, 2009

Published
2009
Full Text
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34. Redesigning Electroweak Theory: Does the Higgs Particle Exist?

Author

Moffat, J. W., Toth, V. T., Moffat, J. W., and Toth, V. T.

Abstract

An electroweak model in which the masses of the W and Z bosons and the fermions are generated by quantum loop graphs through a symmetry breaking is investigated. The model is based on a regularized quantum field theory in which the quantum loop graphs are finite to all orders of perturbation theory and the massless theory is gauge invariant, Poincare invariant, and unitary. The breaking of the electroweak symmetry SU(2) X U(1) is achieved without a Higgs particle. A fundamental energy scale of ~542 GeV (not to be confused with a naive cutoff) enters the theory through the regularization of the Feynman loop diagrams. The theory yields a prediction for the W mass that is accurate to about 0.5% without radiative corrections. The scattering amplitudes for WW -> WW and e+e- -> WW processes do not violate unitarity at high energies due to the suppression of the amplitudes by the running of the coupling constants at vertices., Comment: 12 pages. Talk given by JWM at the Tenth Workshop on Non-Perturbative QCD at l'Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, France, 8-12 June 2009

Published
2009

35. Satellite galaxy velocity dispersions in the SDSS and modified gravity models

Author

Moffat, J. W., Toth, V. T., Moffat, J. W., and Toth, V. T.

Abstract

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) provides data on several hundred thousand galaxies. Precise location of these galaxies in the sky, along with information about their luminosities and line-of-sight (Doppler) velocities allows one to construct a three-dimensional map of their location and estimate their line-of-sight velocity dispersion. This information, in principle, allows one to test dynamical gravity models, specifically models of satellite galaxy velocity dispersions near massive hosts. A key difficulty is the separation of true satellites from interlopers. We sidestep this problem by not attempting to derive satellite galaxy velocity dispersions from the data, but instead incorporate an interloper background into the mathematical models and compare the result to the actual data. We find that due to the presence of interlopers, it is not possible to exclude several gravitational theories on the basis of the SDSS data., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. Last section updated with an improved approach to compare models. Main conclusion unchanged

Published
2009
Full Text
View/download PDF

36. Redesigning Electroweak Theory: Does the Higgs Particle Exist?

Author

Moffat, J. W., Toth, V. T., Moffat, J. W., and Toth, V. T.

Abstract

An electroweak model in which the masses of the W and Z bosons and the fermions are generated by quantum loop graphs through a symmetry breaking is investigated. The model is based on a regularized quantum field theory in which the quantum loop graphs are finite to all orders of perturbation theory and the massless theory is gauge invariant, Poincare invariant, and unitary. The breaking of the electroweak symmetry SU(2) X U(1) is achieved without a Higgs particle. A fundamental energy scale of ~542 GeV (not to be confused with a naive cutoff) enters the theory through the regularization of the Feynman loop diagrams. The theory yields a prediction for the W mass that is accurate to about 0.5% without radiative corrections. The scattering amplitudes for WW -> WW and e+e- -> WW processes do not violate unitarity at high energies due to the suppression of the amplitudes by the running of the coupling constants at vertices., Comment: 12 pages. Talk given by JWM at the Tenth Workshop on Non-Perturbative QCD at l'Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, France, 8-12 June 2009

Published
2009

37. Observationally Verifiable Predictions of Modified Gravity

Author

Moffat, J. W., Toth, V. T., Moffat, J. W., and Toth, V. T.

Abstract

MOG is a fully relativistic modified theory of gravity based on an action principle. The MOG field equations are exactly solvable numerically in two important cases. In the spherically symmetric, static case of a gravitating mass, the equations also admit an approximate solution that closely resembles the Reissner-Nordstrom metric. Furthermore, for weak gravitational fields, a Yukawa-type modification to the Newtonian acceleration law can be obtained, which can be used to model a range of astronomical observations. Without nonbaryonic dark matter, MOG provides good agreement with the data for galaxy rotation curves, galaxy cluster masses, and gravitational lensing, while predicting no appreciable deviation from Einstein's predictions on the scale of the solar system. Another solution of the field equations is obtained for the case of a a spatially homogeneous, isotropic cosmology. MOG predicts an accelerating universe without introducing Einstein's cosmological constant; it also predicts a CMB acoustic power spectrum and a mass power spectrum that are consistent with observations without relying on non-baryonic dark matter. Increased sensitivity in future observations or space-based experiments may be sufficient to distinguish MOG from other theories, notably the LCDM "standard model" of cosmology., Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures. Talk given by JWM at the "The Invisible Universe" conference, Paris, France, June 29-July 3, 2009

Published
2009
Full Text
View/download PDF

38. Satellite galaxy velocity dispersions in the SDSS and modified gravity models

Author

Moffat, J. W., Toth, V. T., Moffat, J. W., and Toth, V. T.

Abstract

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) provides data on several hundred thousand galaxies. Precise location of these galaxies in the sky, along with information about their luminosities and line-of-sight (Doppler) velocities allows one to construct a three-dimensional map of their location and estimate their line-of-sight velocity dispersion. This information, in principle, allows one to test dynamical gravity models, specifically models of satellite galaxy velocity dispersions near massive hosts. A key difficulty is the separation of true satellites from interlopers. We sidestep this problem by not attempting to derive satellite galaxy velocity dispersions from the data, but instead incorporate an interloper background into the mathematical models and compare the result to the actual data. We find that due to the presence of interlopers, it is not possible to exclude several gravitational theories on the basis of the SDSS data., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. Last section updated with an improved approach to compare models. Main conclusion unchanged

Published
2009
Full Text
View/download PDF

39. A finite electroweak model without a Higgs particle

Author

Moffat, J. W., Toth, V. T., Moffat, J. W., and Toth, V. T.

Abstract

An electroweak model in which the masses of the W and Z bosons and the fermions are generated by quantum loop graphs through a symmetry breaking is investigated. The model is based on a regularized quantum field theory in which the quantum loop graphs are finite to all orders of perturbation theory and the massless theory is gauge invariant, Poincare invariant, and unitary. The breaking of the electroweak symmetry SU_L(2) X U_Y(1) is achieved without a Higgs particle. A fundamental energy scale \Lambda_W (not to be confused with a naive cutoff) enters the theory through the regularization of the Feynman loop diagrams. The finite regularized theory with \Lambda_W allows for a fitting of low energy electroweak data. \Lambda_W ~ 542 GeV is determined at the Z pole by fitting it to the Z mass m_Z, and anchoring the value of \sin^2\theta_w to its experimental value at the Z pole yields a prediction for the W mass m_W that is accurate to about 0.5% without radiative corrections. The scattering amplitudes for W_LW_L -> W_LW_L and e+e- -> W_L^+W_L^- processes do not violate unitarity at high energies due to the suppression of the amplitudes by the running of the coupling constants at vertices. There is no Higgs hierarchy fine-tuning problem in the model. The unitary tree level amplitudes for W_LW_L -> W_LW_L scattering and e+e- -> W_L^+W_L^- annihilation, predicted by the finite electroweak model are compared with the amplitudes obtained from the standard model with Higgs exchange. These predicted amplitudes can be used to distinguish at the LHC between the standard electroweak model and the Higgsless model., Comment: 32 pages, 5 figures

Published
2008

40. The bending of light and lensing in modified gravity

Author

Moffat, J. W., Toth, V. T., Moffat, J. W., and Toth, V. T.

Abstract

Our modified gravity theory (MOG) was used successfully in the past to explain a range of astronomical and cosmological observations, including galaxy rotation curves, the CMB acoustic peaks, and the galaxy mass power spectrum. MOG was also used successfully to explain the unusual features of the Bullet Cluster 1E0657-558 without exotic dark matter. In the present work, we derive the relativistic equations of motion in the spherically symmetric field of a point source in MOG and, in particular, we derive equations for light bending and lensing. Our results also have broader applications in the case of extended distributions of matter, and they can be used to validate the Bullet Cluster results and provide a possible explanation for the merging clusters in Abell 520., Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures (final manuscript that corresponds to published version)

Published
2008
Full Text
View/download PDF

41. The running of coupling constants and unitarity in a finite electroweak model

Author

Moffat, J. W., Toth, V. T., Moffat, J. W., and Toth, V. T.

Abstract

We investigate the properties of a Finite Electroweak (FEW) Theory first proposed in 1991. The theory predicts a running of the electroweak coupling constants and a suppression of tree level amplitudes, ensuring unitarity without a Higgs particle. We demonstrate this explicitly by calculating W_L^+W_L^- -> W_L^+W_L^- and e+e- -> W_L^+W_L^- in both the electroweak Standard Model and the FEW model., Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, corrections in response to referee comments

Published
2008

42. A finite electroweak model without a Higgs particle

Author

Moffat, J. W., Toth, V. T., Moffat, J. W., and Toth, V. T.

Abstract

An electroweak model in which the masses of the W and Z bosons and the fermions are generated by quantum loop graphs through a symmetry breaking is investigated. The model is based on a regularized quantum field theory in which the quantum loop graphs are finite to all orders of perturbation theory and the massless theory is gauge invariant, Poincare invariant, and unitary. The breaking of the electroweak symmetry SU_L(2) X U_Y(1) is achieved without a Higgs particle. A fundamental energy scale \Lambda_W (not to be confused with a naive cutoff) enters the theory through the regularization of the Feynman loop diagrams. The finite regularized theory with \Lambda_W allows for a fitting of low energy electroweak data. \Lambda_W ~ 542 GeV is determined at the Z pole by fitting it to the Z mass m_Z, and anchoring the value of \sin^2\theta_w to its experimental value at the Z pole yields a prediction for the W mass m_W that is accurate to about 0.5% without radiative corrections. The scattering amplitudes for W_LW_L -> W_LW_L and e+e- -> W_L^+W_L^- processes do not violate unitarity at high energies due to the suppression of the amplitudes by the running of the coupling constants at vertices. There is no Higgs hierarchy fine-tuning problem in the model. The unitary tree level amplitudes for W_LW_L -> W_LW_L scattering and e+e- -> W_L^+W_L^- annihilation, predicted by the finite electroweak model are compared with the amplitudes obtained from the standard model with Higgs exchange. These predicted amplitudes can be used to distinguish at the LHC between the standard electroweak model and the Higgsless model., Comment: 32 pages, 5 figures

Published
2008

43. A finite electroweak model without a Higgs particle

Author

Moffat, J. W., Toth, V. T., Moffat, J. W., and Toth, V. T.

Abstract

An electroweak model in which the masses of the W and Z bosons and the fermions are generated by quantum loop graphs through a symmetry breaking is investigated. The model is based on a regularized quantum field theory in which the quantum loop graphs are finite to all orders of perturbation theory and the massless theory is gauge invariant, Poincare invariant, and unitary. The breaking of the electroweak symmetry SU_L(2) X U_Y(1) is achieved without a Higgs particle. A fundamental energy scale \Lambda_W (not to be confused with a naive cutoff) enters the theory through the regularization of the Feynman loop diagrams. The finite regularized theory with \Lambda_W allows for a fitting of low energy electroweak data. \Lambda_W ~ 542 GeV is determined at the Z pole by fitting it to the Z mass m_Z, and anchoring the value of \sin^2\theta_w to its experimental value at the Z pole yields a prediction for the W mass m_W that is accurate to about 0.5% without radiative corrections. The scattering amplitudes for W_LW_L -> W_LW_L and e+e- -> W_L^+W_L^- processes do not violate unitarity at high energies due to the suppression of the amplitudes by the running of the coupling constants at vertices. There is no Higgs hierarchy fine-tuning problem in the model. The unitary tree level amplitudes for W_LW_L -> W_LW_L scattering and e+e- -> W_L^+W_L^- annihilation, predicted by the finite electroweak model are compared with the amplitudes obtained from the standard model with Higgs exchange. These predicted amplitudes can be used to distinguish at the LHC between the standard electroweak model and the Higgsless model., Comment: 32 pages, 5 figures

Published
2008

44. The running of coupling constants and unitarity in a finite electroweak model

Author

Moffat, J. W., Toth, V. T., Moffat, J. W., and Toth, V. T.

Abstract

We investigate the properties of a Finite Electroweak (FEW) Theory first proposed in 1991. The theory predicts a running of the electroweak coupling constants and a suppression of tree level amplitudes, ensuring unitarity without a Higgs particle. We demonstrate this explicitly by calculating W_L^+W_L^- -> W_L^+W_L^- and e+e- -> W_L^+W_L^- in both the electroweak Standard Model and the FEW model., Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, corrections in response to referee comments

Published
2008

45. The bending of light and lensing in modified gravity

Author

Moffat, J. W., Toth, V. T., Moffat, J. W., and Toth, V. T.

Abstract

Our modified gravity theory (MOG) was used successfully in the past to explain a range of astronomical and cosmological observations, including galaxy rotation curves, the CMB acoustic peaks, and the galaxy mass power spectrum. MOG was also used successfully to explain the unusual features of the Bullet Cluster 1E0657-558 without exotic dark matter. In the present work, we derive the relativistic equations of motion in the spherically symmetric field of a point source in MOG and, in particular, we derive equations for light bending and lensing. Our results also have broader applications in the case of extended distributions of matter, and they can be used to validate the Bullet Cluster results and provide a possible explanation for the merging clusters in Abell 520., Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures (final manuscript that corresponds to published version)

Published
2008
Full Text
View/download PDF

46. Modified gravity and the origin of inertia

Author

Moffat, J. W., Toth, V. T., Moffat, J. W., and Toth, V. T.

Abstract

Modified gravity theory is known to violate Birkhoff's theorem. We explore a key consequence of this violation, the effect of distant matter in the Universe on the motion of test particles. We find that when a particle is accelerated, a force is experienced that is proportional to the particle's mass and acceleration and acts in the direction opposite to that of the acceleration. We identify this force with inertia. At very low accelerations, our inertial law deviates slightly from that of Newton, yielding a testable prediction that may be verified with relatively simple experiments. Our conclusions apply to all gravity theories that reduce to a Yukawa-like force in the weak field approximation., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures; published version with updated references

Published
2007
Full Text
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47. Fundamental parameter-free solutions in Modified Gravity

Author

Moffat, J. W., Toth, V. T., Moffat, J. W., and Toth, V. T.

Abstract

Modified Gravity (MOG) has been used successfully to explain the rotation curves of galaxies, the motion of galaxy clusters, the Bullet Cluster, and cosmological observations without the use of dark matter or Einstein's cosmological constant. We now have the ability to demonstrate how these solutions can be obtained directly from the action principle, without resorting to the use of fitted parameters or empirical formulae. We obtain numerical solutions to the theory's field equations that are exact in the sense that no terms are omitted, in two important cases: the spherically symmetric, static vacuum solution and the cosmological case of an homogeneous, isotropic universe. We compare these results to selected astrophysical and cosmological observations., Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures; accepted for publication in CQG

Published
2007
Full Text
View/download PDF

48. Modified Gravity: Cosmology without dark matter or Einstein's cosmological constant

Author

Moffat, J. W., Toth, V. T., Moffat, J. W., and Toth, V. T.

Abstract

We explore the cosmological consequences of Modified Gravity (MOG), and find that it provides, using a minimal number of parameters, good fits to data, including CMB temperature anisotropy, galaxy power spectrum, and supernova luminosity-distance observations without exotic dark matter. MOG predicts a bouncing cosmology with a vacuum energy term that yields accelerating expansion and an age of ~13 billion years., Comment: 21 pages, 6 figures; minor corrections, formatting changes, typos fixed. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1104.2957

Published
2007

49. Testing modified gravity with globular cluster velocity dispersions

Author

Moffat, J. W., Toth, V. T., Moffat, J. W., and Toth, V. T.

Abstract

Globular clusters (GCs) in the Milky Way have characteristic velocity dispersions that are consistent with the predictions of Newtonian gravity, and may be at odds with Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND). We discuss a modified gravity (MOG) theory that successfully predicts galaxy rotation curves, galaxy cluster masses and velocity dispersions, lensing, and cosmological observations, yet produces predictions consistent with Newtonian theory for smaller systems, such as GCs. MOG produces velocity dispersion predictions for GCs that are independent of the distance from the galactic center, which may not be the case for MOND. New observations of distant GCs may produce strong criteria that can be used to distinguish between competing gravitational theories., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures; accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2007
Full Text
View/download PDF

50. Testing modified gravity with motion of satellites around galaxies

Author

Moffat, J. W., Toth, V. T., Moffat, J. W., and Toth, V. T.

Abstract

A modified gravity (MOG) theory, that has been successfully fitted to galaxy rotational velocity data, cluster data, the Bullet Cluster 1E0657-56 and cosmological observations, is shown to be in good agreement with the motion of satellite galaxies around host galaxies at distances 50-400 kpc., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures; substantial revision with independent data analysis

Published
2007

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