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Objective: A Serous Tubal Intraepithelial Carcinoma (STIC) without concomitant invasive carcinoma is occasionally identified and associated with a high risk of subsequent peritoneal carcinomatosis. Management needs optimisation. This study explores professionals' opinions and clinical practices regarding the diagnosis, counselling, treatment and follow-up of isolated STIC to facilitate clinical decision making and optimise the direction of future research. A secondary aim is to assess international clinical guidelines. Design: Focus group study. Setting: Four online sessions. Population: International panel (n = 12 countries) of gynaecologists, gynaecologic oncologists, pathologists and medical oncologists (n = 49). Methods: A semi-structured interview guide was used. Two independent researchers analysed transcripts by open and axial coding. Results were organised in domains. Relevant (inter)national guidelines were screened for recommendations regarding isolated STIC. Main Outcome Measures: Professionals' opinions and clinical practices regarding isolated STIC management. Results: Regarding pathology, most professionals identified the SEE-FIM protocol as standard of care for high-risk patients, whereas variation exists in the histopathological examination of fallopian tubes in the general population. Confirmation of STIC diagnosis by a specialised pathologist was recommended. Regarding work-up and follow-up after STIC diagnosis, there was variety and discordance. Data on outcomes is limited. As for treatment, chemotherapy and PARP inhibitors were not recommended by most. Eleven guidelines provided limited recommendations. Conclusions: We identified recommendations and highlighted knowledge gaps in the diagnosis and management of isolated STIC. Moreover, recommendations in clinical guidelines are limited. There is an agreed need for international collaboration for the prospective registration of isolated STIC.

Multi-dimensional and overlapping barriers to wellbeing severely affect many areas in rural sub-Saharan Africa. In the region, more than 90% of cropland is rainfed, less than one third of households have electricity, almost 60% of the population reports food insecurity, and more than 35% of the population lives below the international poverty line. Climate change impacts on vulnerable systems with limited adaptive capacity and strong population growth are increasing the magnitude of these challenges, slowing and potentially reversing development. Thus, there is a strong need for multi-sector interventions across multiple levels, from national policies, to regional and river catchment-scale planning, to local planning and investment. To implement such actions, it is key not only to assess technological solutions and their investment needs, but also to appraise their feasibility and implementation potential (from both a policy and a financial point of view). Here, we implement a modelling platform (RE4AFAGRI platform), which soft-links bottom-up process-based water and energy demand and techno-economic infrastructure assessment models (WaterCROP, M-LED, OnSSET) into a multi-node, national Nexus-extended Integrated Assessment Model (MESSAGEix-Nexus) for supply and investment assessment. The results of our analysis shed light on the role of water and energy demand in the agricultural sector for jointly affecting infrastructure and investment requirements for achieving rural sustainable development objectives. We find that scenarios with increased ambition in expanding irrigation and agricultural productivity result in improved diffusion and economic feasibility of infrastructure to provide universal energy access while supporting productive uses of energy. Moreover, we conduct business model analysis to appraise the framework conditions and micro and macro determinants that can ensure feasibility of investment and uptake of small-scale infrastructure, crucial for rural

Multi-dimensional and overlapping barriers to wellbeing severely affect many areas in rural sub-Saharan Africa. In the region, more than 90% of cropland is rainfed, less than one third of households have electricity, almost 60% of the population reports food insecurity, and more than 35% of the population lives below the international poverty line. Climate change impacts on vulnerable systems with limited adaptive capacity and strong population growth are increasing the magnitude of these challenges, slowing and potentially reversing development. Thus, there is a strong need for multi-sector interventions across multiple levels, from national policies, to regional and river catchment-scale planning, to local planning and investment. To implement such actions, it is key not only to assess technological solutions and their investment needs, but also to appraise their feasibility and implementation potential (from both a policy and a financial point of view). Here, we implement a modelling platform (RE4AFAGRI platform), which soft-links bottom-up process-based water and energy demand and techno-economic infrastructure assessment models (WaterCROP, M-LED, OnSSET) into a multi-node, national Nexus-extended Integrated Assessment Model (MESSAGEix-Nexus) for supply and investment assessment. The results of our analysis shed light on the role of water and energy demand in the agricultural sector for jointly affecting infrastructure and investment requirements for achieving rural sustainable development objectives. We find that scenarios with increased ambition in expanding irrigation and agricultural productivity result in improved diffusion and economic feasibility of infrastructure to provide universal energy access while supporting productive uses of energy. Moreover, we conduct business model analysis to appraise the framework conditions and micro and macro determinants that can ensure feasibility of investment and uptake of small-scale infrastructure, crucial for rural

Multi-dimensional and overlapping barriers to wellbeing severely affect many areas in rural sub-Saharan Africa. In the region, more than 90% of cropland is rainfed, less than one third of households have electricity, almost 60% of the population reports food insecurity, and more than 35% of the population lives below the international poverty line. Climate change impacts on vulnerable systems with limited adaptive capacity and strong population growth are increasing the magnitude of these challenges, slowing and potentially reversing development. Thus, there is a strong need for multi-sector interventions across multiple levels, from national policies, to regional and river catchment-scale planning, to local planning and investment. To implement such actions, it is key not only to assess technological solutions and their investment needs, but also to appraise their feasibility and implementation potential (from both a policy and a financial point of view). Here, we implement a modelling platform (RE4AFAGRI platform), which soft-links bottom-up process-based water and energy demand and techno-economic infrastructure assessment models (WaterCROP, M-LED, OnSSET) into a multi-node, national Nexus-extended Integrated Assessment Model (MESSAGEix-Nexus) for supply and investment assessment. The results of our analysis shed light on the role of water and energy demand in the agricultural sector for jointly affecting infrastructure and investment requirements for achieving rural sustainable development objectives. We find that scenarios with increased ambition in expanding irrigation and agricultural productivity result in improved diffusion and economic feasibility of infrastructure to provide universal energy access while supporting productive uses of energy. Moreover, we conduct business model analysis to appraise the framework conditions and micro and macro determinants that can ensure feasibility of investment and uptake of small-scale infrastructure, crucial for rural

Multi-dimensional and overlapping barriers to wellbeing severely affect many areas in rural sub-Saharan Africa. In the region, more than 90% of cropland is rainfed, less than one third of households have electricity, almost 60% of the population reports food insecurity, and more than 35% of the population lives below the international poverty line. Climate change impacts on vulnerable systems with limited adaptive capacity and strong population growth are increasing the magnitude of these challenges, slowing and potentially reversing development. Thus, there is a strong need for multi-sector interventions across multiple levels, from national policies, to regional and river catchment-scale planning, to local planning and investment. To implement such actions, it is key not only to assess technological solutions and their investment needs, but also to appraise their feasibility and implementation potential (from both a policy and a financial point of view). Here, we implement a modelling platform (RE4AFAGRI platform), which soft-links bottom-up process-based water and energy demand and techno-economic infrastructure assessment models (WaterCROP, M-LED, OnSSET) into a multi-node, national Nexus-extended Integrated Assessment Model (MESSAGEix-Nexus) for supply and investment assessment. The results of our analysis shed light on the role of water and energy demand in the agricultural sector for jointly affecting infrastructure and investment requirements for achieving rural sustainable development objectives. We find that scenarios with increased ambition in expanding irrigation and agricultural productivity result in improved diffusion and economic feasibility of infrastructure to provide universal energy access while supporting productive uses of energy. Moreover, we conduct business model analysis to appraise the framework conditions and micro and macro determinants that can ensure feasibility of investment and uptake of small-scale infrastructure, crucial for rural

This article reports on the creation of indicators that support the analysis and subsequent communication of those social, environmental and health characteristics that constitute situations of vulnerability of the people who work in a worker cooperative, which is mainly responsible for the classification of waste, as well as the care of public spaces in the town of Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina. An interdisciplinary team from the National University of Villa Maria, made up of health, social and environmental science professionals, participated in the construction of the data collection instruments. Fact-based knowledge, transdisciplinarity, community participation, environmental and gender justice are the key elements of the framework on which the four main properties that characterize socio-environmental vulnerability are based: exposure, susceptibility, preparedness, and responsiveness. The design of 6 categories of analysis was achieved that cover topics such as: perception of health and self-care, general health status, home and work sanitation, full and effective participation under equal conditions and recognition of the value of their role as caregivers, with a gender focus and anchored to the territory. This project has the approval of the Ethics Committee of the National Hospital of Clinics (HNC) located in the city of Córdoba., En el presente artículo se da cuenta de la creación de indicadores que apoyaron el análisis y posterior comunicación de aquellas características sociales, ambientales y de salud que se constituyen en situaciones de vulnerabilidad de las personas que ejercen su labor en una cooperativa de trabajo, la cual se encarga principalmente de la clasificación de residuos, como así también del cuidado de espacios públicos en la localidad de Villa María, provincia de Córdoba, Argentina. En la construcción de los instrumentos de recolección de datos participó un equipo interdisciplinario de la Universidad Nacional de Villa María conformado por profesionales de la salud, de las ciencias sociales y ambientales. El conocimiento basado en hechos, transdisciplinariedad, participación comunitaria, justicia ambiental y de género son los elementos clave del marco sobre los cuales se asientan las cuatro principales propiedades que caracterizan la vulnerabilidad socioambiental: exposición, susceptibilidad, preparación y capacidad de respuesta. Se logró el diseño de 6 categorías de análisis que abarcan temas como: percepción de la salud y autocuidado, estado de salud general, saneamiento domiciliario y laboral, participación plena y efectiva en igualdad de condiciones y reconocimiento al valor de su rol de cuidadoras, con enfoque de género y anclado al territorio. El presente proyecto cuenta con la aprobación del Comité de Ética del Hospital Nacional de Clínicas (HNC) localizado en la ciudad de Córdoba Capital., Este artigo relata a criação de indicadores que apoiaram a análise e a comunicação subsequente das características sociais, ambientais e de saúde que constituem situações de vulnerabilidade das pessoas que trabalham em uma cooperativa de trabalho, responsável principalmente pela triagem de resíduos, bem como pelo cuidado dos espaços públicos na cidade de Villa María, província de Córdoba, Argentina. Uma equipe interdisciplinar da Universidade Nacional de Villa María, composta por profissionais de saúde, ciências sociais e meio ambiente, participou da construção dos instrumentos de coleta de dados. O conhecimento baseado em fatos, a transdisciplinaridade, a participação comunitária e a justiça ambiental e de gênero são os elementos-chave da estrutura na qual se baseiam as quatro principais propriedades que caracterizam a vulnerabilidade socioambiental: exposição, suscetibilidade, preparação e capacidade de resposta. Foram elaboradas seis categorias de análise, abrangendo tópicos como: percepção de saúde e autocuidado, estado geral de saúde, saneamento do lar e do trabalho, participação plena e efetiva em igualdade de condições e reconhecimento do valor de seu papel como cuidador, com foco em gênero e ancorado no território. Este projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética do Hospital Nacional de Clínicas (HNC), localizado na cidade de Córdoba Capital.

This article reports on the creation of indicators that support the analysis and subsequent communication of those social, environmental and health characteristics that constitute situations of vulnerability of the people who work in a worker cooperative, which is mainly responsible for the classification of waste, as well as the care of public spaces in the town of Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina. An interdisciplinary team from the National University of Villa Maria, made up of health, social and environmental science professionals, participated in the construction of the data collection instruments. Fact-based knowledge, transdisciplinarity, community participation, environmental and gender justice are the key elements of the framework on which the four main properties that characterize socio-environmental vulnerability are based: exposure, susceptibility, preparedness, and responsiveness. The design of 6 categories of analysis was achieved that cover topics such as: perception of health and self-care, general health status, home and work sanitation, full and effective participation under equal conditions and recognition of the value of their role as caregivers, with a gender focus and anchored to the territory. This project has the approval of the Ethics Committee of the National Hospital of Clinics (HNC) located in the city of Córdoba., En el presente artículo se da cuenta de la creación de indicadores que apoyaron el análisis y posterior comunicación de aquellas características sociales, ambientales y de salud que se constituyen en situaciones de vulnerabilidad de las personas que ejercen su labor en una cooperativa de trabajo, la cual se encarga principalmente de la clasificación de residuos, como así también del cuidado de espacios públicos en la localidad de Villa María, provincia de Córdoba, Argentina. En la construcción de los instrumentos de recolección de datos participó un equipo interdisciplinario de la Universidad Nacional de Villa María conformado por profesionales de la salud, de las ciencias sociales y ambientales. El conocimiento basado en hechos, transdisciplinariedad, participación comunitaria, justicia ambiental y de género son los elementos clave del marco sobre los cuales se asientan las cuatro principales propiedades que caracterizan la vulnerabilidad socioambiental: exposición, susceptibilidad, preparación y capacidad de respuesta. Se logró el diseño de 6 categorías de análisis que abarcan temas como: percepción de la salud y autocuidado, estado de salud general, saneamiento domiciliario y laboral, participación plena y efectiva en igualdad de condiciones y reconocimiento al valor de su rol de cuidadoras, con enfoque de género y anclado al territorio. El presente proyecto cuenta con la aprobación del Comité de Ética del Hospital Nacional de Clínicas (HNC) localizado en la ciudad de Córdoba Capital., Este artigo relata a criação de indicadores que apoiaram a análise e a comunicação subsequente das características sociais, ambientais e de saúde que constituem situações de vulnerabilidade das pessoas que trabalham em uma cooperativa de trabalho, responsável principalmente pela triagem de resíduos, bem como pelo cuidado dos espaços públicos na cidade de Villa María, província de Córdoba, Argentina. Uma equipe interdisciplinar da Universidade Nacional de Villa María, composta por profissionais de saúde, ciências sociais e meio ambiente, participou da construção dos instrumentos de coleta de dados. O conhecimento baseado em fatos, a transdisciplinaridade, a participação comunitária e a justiça ambiental e de gênero são os elementos-chave da estrutura na qual se baseiam as quatro principais propriedades que caracterizam a vulnerabilidade socioambiental: exposição, suscetibilidade, preparação e capacidade de resposta. Foram elaboradas seis categorias de análise, abrangendo tópicos como: percepção de saúde e autocuidado, estado geral de saúde, saneamento do lar e do trabalho, participação plena e efetiva em igualdade de condições e reconhecimento do valor de seu papel como cuidador, com foco em gênero e ancorado no território. Este projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética do Hospital Nacional de Clínicas (HNC), localizado na cidade de Córdoba Capital.

This article reports on the creation of indicators that support the analysis and subsequent communication of those social, environmental and health characteristics that constitute situations of vulnerability of the people who work in a worker cooperative, which is mainly responsible for the classification of waste, as well as the care of public spaces in the town of Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina. An interdisciplinary team from the National University of Villa Maria, made up of health, social and environmental science professionals, participated in the construction of the data collection instruments. Fact-based knowledge, transdisciplinarity, community participation, environmental and gender justice are the key elements of the framework on which the four main properties that characterize socio-environmental vulnerability are based: exposure, susceptibility, preparedness, and responsiveness. The design of 6 categories of analysis was achieved that cover topics such as: perception of health and self-care, general health status, home and work sanitation, full and effective participation under equal conditions and recognition of the value of their role as caregivers, with a gender focus and anchored to the territory. This project has the approval of the Ethics Committee of the National Hospital of Clinics (HNC) located in the city of Córdoba., En el presente artículo se da cuenta de la creación de indicadores que apoyaron el análisis y posterior comunicación de aquellas características sociales, ambientales y de salud que se constituyen en situaciones de vulnerabilidad de las personas que ejercen su labor en una cooperativa de trabajo, la cual se encarga principalmente de la clasificación de residuos, como así también del cuidado de espacios públicos en la localidad de Villa María, provincia de Córdoba, Argentina. En la construcción de los instrumentos de recolección de datos participó un equipo interdisciplinario de la Universidad Nacional de Villa María conformado por profesionales de la salud, de las ciencias sociales y ambientales. El conocimiento basado en hechos, transdisciplinariedad, participación comunitaria, justicia ambiental y de género son los elementos clave del marco sobre los cuales se asientan las cuatro principales propiedades que caracterizan la vulnerabilidad socioambiental: exposición, susceptibilidad, preparación y capacidad de respuesta. Se logró el diseño de 6 categorías de análisis que abarcan temas como: percepción de la salud y autocuidado, estado de salud general, saneamiento domiciliario y laboral, participación plena y efectiva en igualdad de condiciones y reconocimiento al valor de su rol de cuidadoras, con enfoque de género y anclado al territorio. El presente proyecto cuenta con la aprobación del Comité de Ética del Hospital Nacional de Clínicas (HNC) localizado en la ciudad de Córdoba Capital., Este artigo relata a criação de indicadores que apoiaram a análise e a comunicação subsequente das características sociais, ambientais e de saúde que constituem situações de vulnerabilidade das pessoas que trabalham em uma cooperativa de trabalho, responsável principalmente pela triagem de resíduos, bem como pelo cuidado dos espaços públicos na cidade de Villa María, província de Córdoba, Argentina. Uma equipe interdisciplinar da Universidade Nacional de Villa María, composta por profissionais de saúde, ciências sociais e meio ambiente, participou da construção dos instrumentos de coleta de dados. O conhecimento baseado em fatos, a transdisciplinaridade, a participação comunitária e a justiça ambiental e de gênero são os elementos-chave da estrutura na qual se baseiam as quatro principais propriedades que caracterizam a vulnerabilidade socioambiental: exposição, suscetibilidade, preparação e capacidade de resposta. Foram elaboradas seis categorias de análise, abrangendo tópicos como: percepção de saúde e autocuidado, estado geral de saúde, saneamento do lar e do trabalho, participação plena e efetiva em igualdade de condições e reconhecimento do valor de seu papel como cuidador, com foco em gênero e ancorado no território. Este projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética do Hospital Nacional de Clínicas (HNC), localizado na cidade de Córdoba Capital.

Coded caching is a technique that leverages locally cached contents at the end users to reduce the network's peak-time communication load. Coded caching has been shown to achieve significant performance gains compared to uncoded schemes and is thus considered a promising technique to boost performance in future networks by effectively trading off bandwidth for storage. The original coded caching model introduced by Maddah-Ali and Niesen does not consider the case where some users involved in the placement phase, may be offline during the delivery phase. If so, the delivery may not start or it may be wasteful to perform the delivery with fictitious demands for the offline users. In addition, the active users may require their demand to be kept private. This paper formally defines a coded caching system where some users are offline, and investigates the optimal performance with and without demand privacy against colluding users. For this novel coded caching model with offline users, achievable and converse bounds are proposed. These bounds are shown to meet under certain conditions, and otherwise to be to within a constant multiplicative gap of one another. In addition, the proposed achievable schemes have lower subpacketization and lower load compared to baseline schemes (that trivially extend known schemes so as to accommodate for privacy) in some memory regimes., Comment: Submitted to TIT. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2202.01299

Multi-dimensional and overlapping Nexus challenges affect many parts of rural sub-Saharan Africa. More than 90% of cropland is rainfed, less than one third of households have electricity at home, more than 15% of people report insufficient food intake and more than 40% of people live below the poverty line. Climate change impacts on vulnerable systems with limited adaptive capacity and strong population growth are increasing the magnitude of the challenge. As a result, there is a strong need for multi-level, multi-sector interventions (from national policies to regional/river basin-scale planning, to local planning and investment). To implement such actions, it is key to assess solutions (technology and investment) and appraise their feasibility and implementation potential (from both a policy and a financial point of view). In this study, we soft-link bottom-up process-based water and energy demand and techno-economic infrastructure assessment models into a multi-node, national Nexus-extended Integrated Assessment Model (MESSAGEix-Nexus) for supply and investment assessment. Based on the integrated modelling, we obtain an understanding of the role of an explicit consideration of (productive) energy access jointly with Water-Agriculture-Food interlinkages for rural Nexus infrastructure requirements, investment, and sustainable development objectives. This demonstrates how climate impacts and water and energy needs affect each other and jointly shape infrastructure and investment pathways. Then, by linking technical models with business models analysis, we are able to assess feasibility of implementation and appraise which are the key micro and macro determinants to ensure feasibility, investment, and uptake of small-scale Nexus infrastructure, crucial for rural development and adaptation to changing climate conditions. Altogether, our research demonstrates how national-scale integrated modelling with an explicit focus on Nexus interlinkages allows for assessing loca

Multi-dimensional and overlapping Nexus challenges affect many parts of rural sub-Saharan Africa. More than 90% of cropland is rainfed, less than one third of households have electricity at home, more than 15% of people report insufficient food intake and more than 40% of people live below the poverty line. Climate change impacts on vulnerable systems with limited adaptive capacity and strong population growth are increasing the magnitude of the challenge. As a result, there is a strong need for multi-level, multi-sector interventions (from national policies to regional/river basin-scale planning, to local planning and investment). To implement such actions, it is key to assess solutions (technology and investment) and appraise their feasibility and implementation potential (from both a policy and a financial point of view). In this study, we soft-link bottom-up process-based water and energy demand and techno-economic infrastructure assessment models into a multi-node, national Nexus-extended Integrated Assessment Model (MESSAGEix-Nexus) for supply and investment assessment. Based on the integrated modelling, we obtain an understanding of the role of an explicit consideration of (productive) energy access jointly with Water-Agriculture-Food interlinkages for rural Nexus infrastructure requirements, investment, and sustainable development objectives. This demonstrates how climate impacts and water and energy needs affect each other and jointly shape infrastructure and investment pathways. Then, by linking technical models with business models analysis, we are able to assess feasibility of implementation and appraise which are the key micro and macro determinants to ensure feasibility, investment, and uptake of small-scale Nexus infrastructure, crucial for rural development and adaptation to changing climate conditions. Altogether, our research demonstrates how national-scale integrated modelling with an explicit focus on Nexus interlinkages allows for assessing loca

Multi-dimensional and overlapping Nexus challenges affect many parts of rural sub-Saharan Africa. More than 90% of cropland is rainfed, less than one third of households have electricity at home, more than 15% of people report insufficient food intake and more than 40% of people live below the poverty line. Climate change impacts on vulnerable systems with limited adaptive capacity and strong population growth are increasing the magnitude of the challenge. As a result, there is a strong need for multi-level, multi-sector interventions (from national policies to regional/river basin-scale planning, to local planning and investment). To implement such actions, it is key to assess solutions (technology and investment) and appraise their feasibility and implementation potential (from both a policy and a financial point of view). In this study, we soft-link bottom-up process-based water and energy demand and techno-economic infrastructure assessment models into a multi-node, national Nexus-extended Integrated Assessment Model (MESSAGEix-Nexus) for supply and investment assessment. Based on the integrated modelling, we obtain an understanding of the role of an explicit consideration of (productive) energy access jointly with Water-Agriculture-Food interlinkages for rural Nexus infrastructure requirements, investment, and sustainable development objectives. This demonstrates how climate impacts and water and energy needs affect each other and jointly shape infrastructure and investment pathways. Then, by linking technical models with business models analysis, we are able to assess feasibility of implementation and appraise which are the key micro and macro determinants to ensure feasibility, investment, and uptake of small-scale Nexus infrastructure, crucial for rural development and adaptation to changing climate conditions. Altogether, our research demonstrates how national-scale integrated modelling with an explicit focus on Nexus interlinkages allows for assessing loca

Multi-dimensional and overlapping Nexus challenges affect many parts of rural sub-Saharan Africa. More than 90% of cropland is rainfed, less than one third of households have electricity at home, more than 15% of people report insufficient food intake and more than 40% of people live below the poverty line. Climate change impacts on vulnerable systems with limited adaptive capacity and strong population growth are increasing the magnitude of the challenge. As a result, there is a strong need for multi-level, multi-sector interventions (from national policies to regional/river basin-scale planning, to local planning and investment). To implement such actions, it is key to assess solutions (technology and investment) and appraise their feasibility and implementation potential (from both a policy and a financial point of view). In this study, we soft-link bottom-up process-based water and energy demand and techno-economic infrastructure assessment models into a multi-node, national Nexus-extended Integrated Assessment Model (MESSAGEix-Nexus) for supply and investment assessment. Based on the integrated modelling, we obtain an understanding of the role of an explicit consideration of (productive) energy access jointly with Water-Agriculture-Food interlinkages for rural Nexus infrastructure requirements, investment, and sustainable development objectives. This demonstrates how climate impacts and water and energy needs affect each other and jointly shape infrastructure and investment pathways. Then, by linking technical models with business models analysis, we are able to assess feasibility of implementation and appraise which are the key micro and macro determinants to ensure feasibility, investment, and uptake of small-scale Nexus infrastructure, crucial for rural development and adaptation to changing climate conditions. Altogether, our research demonstrates how national-scale integrated modelling with an explicit focus on Nexus interlinkages allows for assessing loca

Multi-dimensional and overlapping Nexus challenges affect many parts of rural sub-Saharan Africa. More than 90% of cropland is rainfed, less than one third of households have electricity at home, more than 15% of people report insufficient food intake and more than 40% of people live below the poverty line. Climate change impacts on vulnerable systems with limited adaptive capacity and strong population growth are increasing the magnitude of the challenge. As a result, there is a strong need for multi-level, multi-sector interventions (from national policies to regional/river basin-scale planning, to local planning and investment). To implement such actions, it is key to assess solutions (technology and investment) and appraise their feasibility and implementation potential (from both a policy and a financial point of view). In this study, we soft-link bottom-up process-based water and energy demand and techno-economic infrastructure assessment models into a multi-node, national Nexus-extended Integrated Assessment Model (MESSAGEix-Nexus) for supply and investment assessment. Based on the integrated modelling, we obtain an understanding of the role of an explicit consideration of (productive) energy access jointly with Water-Agriculture-Food interlinkages for rural Nexus infrastructure requirements, investment, and sustainable development objectives. This demonstrates how climate impacts and water and energy needs affect each other and jointly shape infrastructure and investment pathways. Then, by linking technical models with business models analysis, we are able to assess feasibility of implementation and appraise which are the key micro and macro determinants to ensure feasibility, investment, and uptake of small-scale Nexus infrastructure, crucial for rural development and adaptation to changing climate conditions. Altogether, our research demonstrates how national-scale integrated modelling with an explicit focus on Nexus interlinkages allows for assessing loca

This paper presents a novel achievable scheme for coded caching systems with $N$ files and $K$ users, specifically when $N \leq K$. This new scheme employs linear coding both during the placement phase - where cache contents are linear combinations of files from the library - and the delivery phase. The multi-step delivery phase enables users to decode the cached coded content and eliminate interference effectively. In the small memory regime, the proposed scheme outperforms existing methods, particularly when $K$ and $N$ values are similar, it maintains manageable sub-packetization levels, and operates over a finite field of size $3$ regardless of the system parameters.

This study investigated the prognostic role of the CXCR4-CXCL12-CXCR7 axis in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients receiving first-line treatment within the MITO16A/MaNGO-OV2 phase-IV trial. CXCR4-CXCL12-CXCR7 expression was evaluated in the epithelial and stromal component of 308 EOC IHC-stained tumor samples. The statistical analysis focused on biomarkers’ expression, their association with other variables and prognostic value. Zero-inflated tests, shrinkage, bootstrap procedures, and multivariable models were applied. The majority of EOC (75.0%) expressed CXCR4 and CXCR7, 56.5% expressed the entire CXCR4-CXCL12-CXCR7 axis, while only 4.6% were negative for CXCL12 and its cognate receptors, in regard to the epithelial component. Stromal CXCL12 and CXCR7, expressed in 11.2% and 65.5%, respectively, were associated with the FIGO stage. High CXCL12 in epithelial cancer cells was associated with shorter progression-free and overall survival. However, after adjusting for overfitting due to best cut-off multiplicity testing, the significance was lost. This is a wide-ranging, prospective study in which CXCR4-CXCL12-CXCR7 were systematically evaluated in epithelial and stromal components, in selected stage III-IV EOC. Although CXCL12 was not prognostic, epithelial expression identified high-risk FIGO stage III patients for PFS. These data suggest that it might be worth studying the CXCL12 axis as a therapeutic target to improve treatment efficacy in EOC patients.

Nell’ambito della riflessione antropologica e filosofico-politica contemporanea emerge una tensione, molto spesso irrisolta, tra un’esigenza di libertà individuale e socio-politica che, sovente, assume i toni di una vera e propria rivendicazione sul piano dei diritti e una profonda esigenza relazionale con l’altro e con gli altri da sé. Quest’ultima, talvolta, si traduce nel bisogno di un rapporto stabile e profondo, configurandosi perfino come esigenza di «appartenenza» a un’identità culturale, religiosa o socio-politica che, a sua volta, definisce, almeno parzialmente, alcuni aspetti della propria identità. All’interno del dibattito filosofico-politico contemporaneo, le posizioni assunte in merito a tale tematica sono tra loro divergenti: si va dall’individualismo di matrice liberale a forme di collettivismo, da un comunitarismo olista a prospettive liberali anch’esse oliste e, ancora, da un repubblicanesimo radicato nel primato della libertà individuale a una visione di repubblicanesimo «critico». Lo scopo del presente saggio consiste nel verificare se (e in che modo) il pensiero di Giussani sia in grado di illuminare la riflessione filosofica concernente queste tematiche, offrendo una prospettiva ermeneutica capace di riconfigurare il dibattito in corso

Irrespective of water resource abundancy, in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) agriculture is predominantly rainfed. Along with fertilisation, irrigation could support smallholder farmers in stabilizing crop yields, increasing incomes, and achieving food security. A key barrier to irrigation uptake is inadequate rural electricity supply for pumping and distributing water, besides other infrastructure deficits. Here we devise a spatially explicit integrated modelling framework to show that over one third of unmet crop water requirements of 19 major crops in smallholder cropland of SSA could be supplied with standalone solar (photovoltaic) PV irrigation systems that can be paid back by farmers within twenty years. This accounts for 60 km3/yr. of blue irrigation water requirements distributed over 55 million ha of currently rainfed harvested area (about 40% of the total). Crucially, we identify 10 million ha with a profit potential > $100/ha/yr. To finance such distributed small-scale infrastructure deployment and operation, we estimate an average discounted investment requirement of $3 billion/yr., generating potential profits of over $5 billion/yr. from increased yields to the smallholder farmers, as well as significant food security and energy access co-benefits. We demonstrate the critical importance of business models and investment incentives, crop prices, and PV & battery costs in shaping the economic feasibility and profitability of solar irrigation. Yet, we estimate that without strong land and water resources management infrastructure and governance, a widespread deployment of solar pumps may drive an unsustainable exploitation of water sources and reduce environmental flows. Our analysis supports public and private stakeholders seeking to target investments along the water-energy-food-economy-sustainable development nexus.

Irrespective of water resource abundancy, in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) agriculture is predominantly rainfed. Along with fertilisation, irrigation could support smallholder farmers in stabilizing crop yields, increasing incomes, and achieving food security. A key barrier to irrigation uptake is inadequate rural electricity supply for pumping and distributing water, besides other infrastructure deficits. Here we devise a spatially explicit integrated modelling framework to show that over one third of unmet crop water requirements of 19 major crops in smallholder cropland of SSA could be supplied with standalone solar (photovoltaic) PV irrigation systems that can be paid back by farmers within twenty years. This accounts for 60 km3/yr. of blue irrigation water requirements distributed over 55 million ha of currently rainfed harvested area (about 40% of the total). Crucially, we identify 10 million ha with a profit potential > $100/ha/yr. To finance such distributed small-scale infrastructure deployment and operation, we estimate an average discounted investment requirement of $3 billion/yr., generating potential profits of over $5 billion/yr. from increased yields to the smallholder farmers, as well as significant food security and energy access co-benefits. We demonstrate the critical importance of business models and investment incentives, crop prices, and PV & battery costs in shaping the economic feasibility and profitability of solar irrigation. Yet, we estimate that without strong land and water resources management infrastructure and governance, a widespread deployment of solar pumps may drive an unsustainable exploitation of water sources and reduce environmental flows. Our analysis supports public and private stakeholders seeking to target investments along the water-energy-food-economy-sustainable development nexus.

Sub-Saharan Africa has a large portion of the population with no access to electricity, piped drinking water, or sanitation services. The lack of these basic services also affects farmers that mostly rely on rainfed agriculture instead of irrigation. Given the expected population growth and potential changes in hydrology and crop yield response due to climate change, future development for the region needs to be carefully studied to achieve increased access to basic services and, potentially, synergetic economic benefits in agriculture. Within the LEAP-RE 4 AFRI project, we developed a framework that combines three high-resolution, single-sector simulation models (crop water requirements, electricity demand and rural electricity dispatchment) to a long-term water-energy-land integrated assessment model to explore different scenarios of future development for Zambia. This helps understand which regions would benefit of better water access and irrigation potential due to improved rural electrification. We compare two scenarios of moderate and universal electricity-water access with a current trend scenario, we compare the expected costs and benefits for the rural population, including the economic benefits achievable by improving irrigation standards and crop yields. Although Zambia is a relatively water-abundant region, we focus on it as a case study with a framework that can be transferred to any other country in Sub-Saharan Africa, where climate change impact might have a significant impact on water scarcity, electricity generation potential and crop yields.

Sub-Saharan Africa has a large portion of the population with no access to electricity, piped drinking water, or sanitation services. The lack of these basic services also affects farmers that mostly rely on rainfed agriculture instead of irrigation. Given the expected population growth and potential changes in hydrology and crop yield response due to climate change, future development for the region needs to be carefully studied to achieve increased access to basic services and, potentially, synergetic economic benefits in agriculture. Within the LEAP-RE 4 AFRI project, we developed a framework that combines three high-resolution, single-sector simulation models (crop water requirements, electricity demand and rural electricity dispatchment) to a long-term water-energy-land integrated assessment model to explore different scenarios of future development for Zambia. This helps understand which regions would benefit of better water access and irrigation potential due to improved rural electrification. We compare two scenarios of moderate and universal electricity-water access with a current trend scenario, we compare the expected costs and benefits for the rural population, including the economic benefits achievable by improving irrigation standards and crop yields. Although Zambia is a relatively water-abundant region, we focus on it as a case study with a framework that can be transferred to any other country in Sub-Saharan Africa, where climate change impact might have a significant impact on water scarcity, electricity generation potential and crop yields.

Sub-Saharan Africa has a large portion of the population with no access to electricity, piped drinking water, or sanitation services. The lack of these basic services also affects farmers that mostly rely on rainfed agriculture instead of irrigation. Given the expected population growth and potential changes in hydrology and crop yield response due to climate change, future development for the region needs to be carefully studied to achieve increased access to basic services and, potentially, synergetic economic benefits in agriculture. Within the LEAP-RE 4 AFRI project, we developed a framework that combines three high-resolution, single-sector simulation models (crop water requirements, electricity demand and rural electricity dispatchment) to a long-term water-energy-land integrated assessment model to explore different scenarios of future development for Zambia. This helps understand which regions would benefit of better water access and irrigation potential due to improved rural electrification. We compare two scenarios of moderate and universal electricity-water access with a current trend scenario, we compare the expected costs and benefits for the rural population, including the economic benefits achievable by improving irrigation standards and crop yields. Although Zambia is a relatively water-abundant region, we focus on it as a case study with a framework that can be transferred to any other country in Sub-Saharan Africa, where climate change impact might have a significant impact on water scarcity, electricity generation potential and crop yields.

Sub-Saharan Africa has a large portion of the population with no access to electricity, piped drinking water, or sanitation services. The lack of these basic services also affects farmers that mostly rely on rainfed agriculture instead of irrigation. Given the expected population growth and potential changes in hydrology and crop yield response due to climate change, future development for the region needs to be carefully studied to achieve increased access to basic services and, potentially, synergetic economic benefits in agriculture. Within the LEAP-RE 4 AFRI project, we developed a framework that combines three high-resolution, single-sector simulation models (crop water requirements, electricity demand and rural electricity dispatchment) to a long-term water-energy-land integrated assessment model to explore different scenarios of future development for Zambia. This helps understand which regions would benefit of better water access and irrigation potential due to improved rural electrification. We compare two scenarios of moderate and universal electricity-water access with a current trend scenario, we compare the expected costs and benefits for the rural population, including the economic benefits achievable by improving irrigation standards and crop yields. Although Zambia is a relatively water-abundant region, we focus on it as a case study with a framework that can be transferred to any other country in Sub-Saharan Africa, where climate change impact might have a significant impact on water scarcity, electricity generation potential and crop yields.

Sub-Saharan Africa has a large portion of the population with no access to electricity, piped drinking water, or sanitation services. The lack of these basic services also affects farmers that mostly rely on rainfed agriculture instead of irrigation. Given the expected population growth and potential changes in hydrology and crop yield response due to climate change, future development for the region needs to be carefully studied to achieve increased access to basic services and, potentially, synergetic economic benefits in agriculture. Within the LEAP-RE 4 AFRI project, we developed a framework that combines three high-resolution, single-sector simulation models (crop water requirements, electricity demand and rural electricity dispatchment) to a long-term water-energy-land integrated assessment model to explore different scenarios of future development for Zambia. This helps understand which regions would benefit of better water access and irrigation potential due to improved rural electrification. We compare two scenarios of moderate and universal electricity-water access with a current trend scenario, we compare the expected costs and benefits for the rural population, including the economic benefits achievable by improving irrigation standards and crop yields. Although Zambia is a relatively water-abundant region, we focus on it as a case study with a framework that can be transferred to any other country in Sub-Saharan Africa, where climate change impact might have a significant impact on water scarcity, electricity generation potential and crop yields.

Replication data for the LEAP-RE RE4AFAGRI Platform, code and user guide hosted on https://github.com/iiasa/RE4AFAGRI_platform. The current version (0.2) of the data repository contains input data to replicate: - Africa-wide analysis in WaterCROP - Zambia, Rwanda, Kenya, Zimbabwe, and Nigeria pilot country-studies in M-LED - Zambia pilot country-study in OnSSET and NEST

Irrespective of water resource abundancy, in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) agriculture is predominantly rainfed. Along with fertilisation, irrigation could support smallholder farmers in stabilizing crop yields, increasing incomes, and achieving food security. A key barrier to irrigation uptake is inadequate rural electricity supply for pumping and distributing water, besides other infrastructure deficits. Here we devise a spatially explicit integrated modelling framework to show that over one third of unmet crop water requirements of 19 major crops in smallholder cropland of SSA could be supplied with standalone solar (photovoltaic) PV irrigation systems that can be paid back by farmers within twenty years. This accounts for 60 km3/yr. of blue irrigation water requirements distributed over 55 million ha of currently rainfed harvested area (about 40% of the total). Crucially, we identify 10 million ha with a profit potential > $100/ha/yr. To finance such distributed small-scale infrastructure deployment and operation, we estimate an average discounted investment requirement of $3 billion/yr., generating potential profits of over $5 billion/yr. from increased yields to the smallholder farmers, as well as significant food security and energy access co-benefits. We demonstrate the critical importance of business models and investment incentives, crop prices, and PV & battery costs in shaping the economic feasibility and profitability of solar irrigation. Yet, we estimate that without strong land and water resources management infrastructure and governance, a widespread deployment of solar pumps may drive an unsustainable exploitation of water sources and reduce environmental flows. Our analysis supports public and private stakeholders seeking to target investments along the water-energy-food-economy-sustainable development nexus.

Irrespective of water resource abundancy, in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) agriculture is predominantly rainfed. Along with fertilisation, irrigation could support smallholder farmers in stabilizing crop yields, increasing incomes, and achieving food security. A key barrier to irrigation uptake is inadequate rural electricity supply for pumping and distributing water, besides other infrastructure deficits. Here we devise a spatially explicit integrated modelling framework to show that over one third of unmet crop water requirements of 19 major crops in smallholder cropland of SSA could be supplied with standalone solar (photovoltaic) PV irrigation systems that can be paid back by farmers within twenty years. This accounts for 60 km3/yr. of blue irrigation water requirements distributed over 55 million ha of currently rainfed harvested area (about 40% of the total). Crucially, we identify 10 million ha with a profit potential > $100/ha/yr. To finance such distributed small-scale infrastructure deployment and operation, we estimate an average discounted investment requirement of $3 billion/yr., generating potential profits of over $5 billion/yr. from increased yields to the smallholder farmers, as well as significant food security and energy access co-benefits. We demonstrate the critical importance of business models and investment incentives, crop prices, and PV & battery costs in shaping the economic feasibility and profitability of solar irrigation. Yet, we estimate that without strong land and water resources management infrastructure and governance, a widespread deployment of solar pumps may drive an unsustainable exploitation of water sources and reduce environmental flows. Our analysis supports public and private stakeholders seeking to target investments along the water-energy-food-economy-sustainable development nexus.

Objective: The aim of the present analysis was to explore the efficacy of Bevacizumab (Bev) on survival outcome in advanced low grade serous ovarian cancer (LGSOC) both in first line and in recurrent setting. Methods: In retrospective observational multicenter study, we described the outcome of LGSOC patients enrolled in the MITO 22 study and treated with chemotherapy (CT) with or without Bev. Patients receiving Bev in first-line or in recurrence were considered and compared with patients receiving CT alone (stage III and IV in first line; platinum based-CT in second line). Descriptive and survival analyses were performed for each group. Results: Out of 128 patients included in MITO 22, 46 LGSOC patients receiving Bev in first line setting or at the time of first recurrence were identified. In first line, 30 patients received Bev + CT and 65 CT alone and the median PFS were 47.86 months (95% CI: 31.48 - NR) and 22.63 months (95% CI 15-39.24) (p-value 0.0392), respectively. In the recurrent setting, 16 patients who received Bev + CT were compared to 33 women treated with platinum-based CT alone. Median PFS were 37.1 months (95% CI: 13.42-40.56) and 11.22 months (95% CI: 8.26-15.63) (p-value 0.013), respectively. Conclusions: Our study suggests that Bev might be effective in LGSOC both at diagnosis and at the time of relapse. These data warrants further studies.

Coded caching, introduced by Maddah-Ali and Niesen (MAN), is a model where a server broadcasts multicast packets to users with a local cache that is leveraged so as to reduce the peak network communication load. The original MAN model does not consider missing demands (i.e., some users may not request a file) or privacy issues (i.e., decoding the multicast packets may expose the users' demands). The former issue was captured by the hotplug model with offline users, where the server starts sending multicast packets after having received a certain number of file requests. The latter issue was addressed by devoting part of the cache to store privacy keys to help users decode their requested file while remaining completely ignorant about the demands of the remaining users. This paper investigates the problem of private demands against colluding users in the hotplug model with offline users. Two achievable schemes are proposed based on Maximum Distance Separable (MDS) codes. They achieve lower subpacketization, and lower load in the small memory regime compared to baseline schemes that trivially include demand privacy or offline users in known schemes.

Fossil fuels are not distributed evenly throughout the world, and hence the countries rely heavily on international trade to secure energy supply. Characterization of the energy trade network is needed to conduct long-term assessments of energy security. This study proposes a modeling framework to assess the evolution of energy trade under current conditions as well as under future scenarios up to 2050. The total trade of each country is estimated with trade predictive models (TPMs) using key variables. Subsequently, a matrix-balancing method (RAS) is used to estimate the annual bilateral trades. The projected energy trade network in 2050 varies under each shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) of the future, with annual fossil fuel global trades among countries ranging between 538 and 215 EJ. Canada, USA, Venezuela, and China are projected to dominate the global trade network, with Canada-USA remaining the most dominant fossil fuel trade link up to 2050.

Fossil fuels are not distributed evenly throughout the world, and hence the countries rely heavily on international trade to secure energy supply. Characterization of the energy trade network is needed to conduct long-term assessments of energy security. This study proposes a modeling framework to assess the evolution of energy trade under current conditions as well as under future scenarios up to 2050. The total trade of each country is estimated with trade predictive models (TPMs) using key variables. Subsequently, a matrix-balancing method (RAS) is used to estimate the annual bilateral trades. The projected energy trade network in 2050 varies under each shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) of the future, with annual fossil fuel global trades among countries ranging between 538 and 215 EJ. Canada, USA, Venezuela, and China are projected to dominate the global trade network, with Canada-USA remaining the most dominant fossil fuel trade link up to 2050.

Fossil fuels are not distributed evenly throughout the world, and hence the countries rely heavily on international trade to secure energy supply. Characterization of the energy trade network is needed to conduct long-term assessments of energy security. This study proposes a modeling framework to assess the evolution of energy trade under current conditions as well as under future scenarios up to 2050. The total trade of each country is estimated with trade predictive models (TPMs) using key variables. Subsequently, a matrix-balancing method (RAS) is used to estimate the annual bilateral trades. The projected energy trade network in 2050 varies under each shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) of the future, with annual fossil fuel global trades among countries ranging between 538 and 215 EJ. Canada, USA, Venezuela, and China are projected to dominate the global trade network, with Canada-USA remaining the most dominant fossil fuel trade link up to 2050.

This paper presents a new achievable scheme for coded caching systems with $\mathsf{N}$ files, $\mathsf{K}=\mathsf{N}$ users, and cache size $\mathsf{M}=1/(\mathsf{N}-1)$. The scheme employs linear coding during the cache placement phase, and a three-stage transmissions designed to eliminate interference in the delivery phase. The achievable load meets a known converse bound, which impose no constraint on the cache placement, and is thus optimal. This new result, together with known inner and outer bounds, shows optimality of linear coding placement for $\mathsf{M} \leq 1/(\mathsf{N}-1)$ when $\mathsf{K}=\mathsf{N}\geq 3$. Interestingly and surprisingly, the proposed scheme is relatively simple but requires operations on a finite field of size at least 3.

Water, energy, and food are all essential components of human societies. Collectively, their respective resource systems are interconnected in what is called the “nexus”. There is growing consensus that a holistic understanding of the interdependencies and trade-offs between these sectors and other related systems is critical to solving many of the global challenges they present. While nexus research has grown exponentially since 2011, there is no unified, overarching approach, and the implementation of concepts remains hampered by the lack of clear case studies. Here, we present the results of a collaborative thought exercise involving 75 scientists and summarize them into 10 key recommendations covering: the most critical nexus issues of today, emerging themes, and where future efforts should be directed. We conclude that a nexus community of practice to promote open communication among researchers, to maintain and share standardized datasets, and to develop applied case studies will facilitate transparent comparisons of models and encourage the adoption of nexus approaches in practice.

Item does not contain fulltext, As many distributional learning (DL) studies have shown, adult listeners can achieve discrimination of a difficult non-native contrast after a short repetitive exposure to tokens falling at the extremes of that contrast. Such studies have shown using behavioural methods that a short distributional training can induce perceptual learning of vowel and consonant contrasts. However, much less is known about the neurological correlates of DL, and few studies have examined non-native lexical tone contrasts. Here, Australian-English speakers underwent DL training on a Mandarin tone contrast using behavioural (discrimination, identification) and neural (oddball-EEG) tasks, with listeners hearing either a bimodal or a unimodal distribution. Behavioural results show that listeners learned to discriminate tones after both unimodal and bimodal training; while EEG responses revealed more learning for listeners exposed to the bimodal distribution. Thus, perceptual learning through exposure to brief sound distributions (a) extends to non-native tonal contrasts, and (b) is sensitive to task, phonetic distance, and acoustic cue-weighting. Our findings have implications for models of how auditory and phonetic constraints influence speech learning.

Contains fulltext : 250592.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), As many distributional learning (DL) studies have shown, adult listeners can achieve discrimination of a difficult non-native contrast after a short repetitive exposure to tokens falling at the extremes of that contrast. Such studies have shown using behavioural methods that a short distributional training can induce perceptual learning of vowel and consonant contrasts. However, much less is known about the neurological correlates of DL, and few studies have examined non-native lexical tone contrasts. Here, Australian-English speakers underwent DL training on a Mandarin tone contrast using behavioural (discrimination, identification) and neural (oddball-EEG) tasks, with listeners hearing either a bimodal or a unimodal distribution. Behavioural results show that listeners learned to discriminate tones after both unimodal and bimodal training; while EEG responses revealed more learning for listeners exposed to the bimodal distribution. Thus, perceptual learning through exposure to brief sound distributions (a) extends to non-native tonal contrasts, and (b) is sensitive to task, phonetic distance, and acoustic cue-weighting. Our findings have implications for models of how auditory and phonetic constraints influence speech learning.

Contains fulltext : 250592.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), As many distributional learning (DL) studies have shown, adult listeners can achieve discrimination of a difficult non-native contrast after a short repetitive exposure to tokens falling at the extremes of that contrast. Such studies have shown using behavioural methods that a short distributional training can induce perceptual learning of vowel and consonant contrasts. However, much less is known about the neurological correlates of DL, and few studies have examined non-native lexical tone contrasts. Here, Australian-English speakers underwent DL training on a Mandarin tone contrast using behavioural (discrimination, identification) and neural (oddball-EEG) tasks, with listeners hearing either a bimodal or a unimodal distribution. Behavioural results show that listeners learned to discriminate tones after both unimodal and bimodal training; while EEG responses revealed more learning for listeners exposed to the bimodal distribution. Thus, perceptual learning through exposure to brief sound distributions (a) extends to non-native tonal contrasts, and (b) is sensitive to task, phonetic distance, and acoustic cue-weighting. Our findings have implications for models of how auditory and phonetic constraints influence speech learning.

La relación de la humanidad con la naturaleza evolucionó con las perturbaciones y el equilibrio como elementos clave. Este trabajo analiza la perturbación como un aspecto que distancia a la sociedad de la naturaleza y el rol del turismo, esto por medio del análisis documental de hechos en la historia y del conocimiento en la temática. Como resultados, se obtuvo que las formas de conciencia y de vinculación fueron parte de la destrucción de la naturaleza, llevando a la extinción de especies, fragmentación de los ecosistemas y deterioro de la calidad ambiental. En relación con el turismo, presenta una dualidad por lo cual pueden degradar los ecosistemas o establecer áreas para conservación. Esto lleva al planteo de que en el actual contexto deben replantearse las formas de vinculación y revalorizar los conocimientos y necesidades del territorio.

A definition of "moral exemplar" given by L. Zagzebski (2010) is compared with the most relevant passages of Aristotle's "Nichomachean Ethics", where the "wise human being/s" (phronimos/phronimoi) is/are concerned. The phronimos/phronimoi plays/play the role not of a simple moral exemplar, but of a complex one, through a series of polarities that she/they shows/show: singular/plural, phronimos-akrates (moral-immoral), rational-irrational. Aristotle suggests in a way that moral exemplarism requires a sort of "counter-exemplarism" to be defined and understood.

This paper considers the single antenna, static Gaussian broadcast channel in the finite blocklength regime. Second order achievable and converse rate regions are presented. Both a global reliability requirement and per-user reliability requirements are considered. The two-user case is analyzed in detail, and generalizations to the $K$-user case are also discussed. The largest second order achievable region presented here requires both superposition and rate splitting in the code construction, as opposed to the (infinite blocklength, first order) capacity region which does not require rate splitting. Indeed, the finite blocklength penalty causes superposition alone to under-perform other coding techniques in some parts of the region. In the two-user case with per-user reliability requirements, the capacity achieving superposition coding order (with the codeword of the user with the smallest SNR as cloud center) does not necessarily gives the largest second order region. Instead, the message of the user with the smallest point-to-point second order capacity should be encoded in the cloud center in order to obtain the largest second order region for the proposed scheme.

Water, energy, and food are all essential components of human societies. Collectively, their respective resource systems are interconnected in what is called the “nexus”. There is growing consensus that a holistic understanding of the interdependencies and trade-offs between these sectors and other related systems is critical to solving many of the global challenges they present. While nexus research has grown exponentially since 2011, there is no unified, overarching approach, and the implementation of concepts remains hampered by the lack of clear case studies. Here, we present the results of a collaborative thought exercise involving 75 scientists and summarize them into 10 key recommendations covering: the most critical nexus issues of today, emerging themes, and where future efforts should be directed. We conclude that a nexus community of practice to promote open communication among researchers, to maintain and share standardized datasets, and to develop applied case studies will facilitate transparent comparisons of models and encourage the adoption of nexus approaches in practice.

Water, energy, and food are all essential components of human societies. Collectively, their respective resource systems are interconnected in what is called the “nexus”. There is growing consensus that a holistic understanding of the interdependencies and trade-offs between these sectors and other related systems is critical to solving many of the global challenges they present. While nexus research has grown exponentially since 2011, there is no unified, overarching approach, and the implementation of concepts remains hampered by the lack of clear case studies. Here, we present the results of a collaborative thought exercise involving 75 scientists and summarize them into 10 key recommendations covering: the most critical nexus issues of today, emerging themes, and where future efforts should be directed. We conclude that a nexus community of practice to promote open communication among researchers, to maintain and share standardized datasets, and to develop applied case studies will facilitate transparent comparisons of models and encourage the adoption of nexus approaches in practice.

In rural sub-Saharan Africa – the global poverty hotspot – the vast majority of cropland is rainfed only, resulting in reduced and unstable yields. Smallholder farmers account for 80% of agricultural production but they have limited access to relevant services to support both commercial operations and their livelihoods: more than two-thirds of rural dwellers have no access to electricity (crucial for crop irrigation, processing, and storage) and about 40% have no access to clean water. Previous research has analysed integrated technological and resource management approaches to tackle these overlapping development gaps. To finance and implement such transformations in resource-constrained settings, it is now crucial to understand the business and investment implications, also considering the strong regional population growth and the increasing frequency and intensity of climate extremes. Here, we lay out a research agenda that promotes the integration of multi-scale modelling excellence along the climate-water-renewable energy-agriculture-development Nexus and the creation of robust business models for private companies that can sustainably support private smallholder farmers of SSAin their effort to eradicate poverty and inequality. The proposed agenda is a cornerstone of the EC-H2020 project LEAP-RE RE4AFAGRI (“Renewable Energy for African Agriculture: Integrating Modelling Excellence and Robust Business Models”). In proposing the agenda, we highlight the importance of integrating energy access into the Nexus framework from both research and investment perspectives.

In rural sub-Saharan Africa – the global poverty hotspot – the vast majority of cropland is rainfed only, resulting in reduced and unstable yields. Smallholder farmers account for 80% of agricultural production but they have limited access to relevant services to support both commercial operations and their livelihoods: more than two-thirds of rural dwellers have no access to electricity (crucial for crop irrigation, processing, and storage) and about 40% have no access to clean water. Previous research has analysed integrated technological and resource management approaches to tackle these overlapping development gaps. To finance and implement such transformations in resource-constrained settings, it is now crucial to understand the business and investment implications, also considering the strong regional population growth and the increasing frequency and intensity of climate extremes. Here, we lay out a research agenda that promotes the integration of multi-scale modelling excellence along the climate-water-renewable energy-agriculture-development Nexus and the creation of robust business models for private companies that can sustainably support private smallholder farmers of SSAin their effort to eradicate poverty and inequality. The proposed agenda is a cornerstone of the EC-H2020 project LEAP-RE RE4AFAGRI (“Renewable Energy for African Agriculture: Integrating Modelling Excellence and Robust Business Models”). In proposing the agenda, we highlight the importance of integrating energy access into the Nexus framework from both research and investment perspectives.

In rural sub-Saharan Africa – the global poverty hotspot – the vast majority of cropland is rainfed only, resulting in reduced and unstable yields. Smallholder farmers account for 80% of agricultural production but they have limited access to relevant services to support both commercial operations and their livelihoods: more than two-thirds of rural dwellers have no access to electricity (crucial for crop irrigation, processing, and storage) and about 40% have no access to clean water. Previous research has analysed integrated technological and resource management approaches to tackle these overlapping development gaps. To finance and implement such transformations in resource-constrained settings, it is now crucial to understand the business and investment implications, also considering the strong regional population growth and the increasing frequency and intensity of climate extremes. Here, we lay out a research agenda that promotes the integration of multi-scale modelling excellence along the climate-water-renewable energy-agriculture-development Nexus and the creation of robust business models for private companies that can sustainably support private smallholder farmers of SSAin their effort to eradicate poverty and inequality. The proposed agenda is a cornerstone of the EC-H2020 project LEAP-RE RE4AFAGRI (“Renewable Energy for African Agriculture: Integrating Modelling Excellence and Robust Business Models”). In proposing the agenda, we highlight the importance of integrating energy access into the Nexus framework from both research and investment perspectives.