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Low cost and low size-weight-and-power magnetometers can provide greater accessibility for distributed simultaneous measurements in the ionosphere, either onboard sounding rockets or on CubeSats. The Space and Atmospheric Instrumentation Laboratory at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University launched a midlatitude sounding rocket named SpEED Demon from Wallops Flight Facility in August 2022. SpEED Demon has a comprehensive suite of instruments for electrodynamics and neutral dynamics measurements. Among this suite is one high performance Billingsley magnetometer (TFM65VQS) and six commercial-off-the-shelf magnetometers manufactured by the PNI Corporation (RM3100). Of the six, two PNI magnetometers are situated on a deployable boom on the main payload that also carries the Billingsley magnetometer. The remaining four PNI magnetometers are distributed among four ejectable subpayloads. These low-cost and low SWaP magnetometers can achieve a resolution of approximately 1.5 nT and a precision of +/- 4 nT (one sigma) at 15 Hz in a uniform magnetic field. This performance is sufficient for detecting and measuring field aligned currents as well as a variety of other geomagnetic disturbances. The magnetometers are calibrated against an independently calibrated flux-gate magnetometer inside a Helmholtz cage. Zero field offsets are quantified inside a triple-layer mu-metal zero gauss chamber. This work will present the calibration process, the calibration results, and the flight performance of these sensors from the SpEED Demon sounding rocket launch.

Spacecraft in the near-Earth environment experience electrostatic charging from thermal plasma, surface contamination, photoelectron emission, and additional charge sources onboard. Unknown or incorrect values of space- craft floating potential can lead to erroneous scientific measurements. Sweeping Langmuir Probes (SLP) can provide spacecraft charging values but frequently experience surface contamination from dust, oils, water, and/or surface oxidation. This contamination presents itself through distortion of the collected Current Voltage (IV) curve and can lead to incorrect potential measurements. This relationship is investigated through simulation, using Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (SPICE) to simulate a contaminated SLP in Earth’s ionosphere. The resulting error in the SLP’s potential measurement is discussed and new methods for deriving the spacecraft floating potential are presented. The results are then verified using in-situ sounding rocket data.

Measurements of aerodynamic drag on objects can be used to determine the density of the medium provided other variables are known. The Space and Atmospheric Instrumentation Laboratory launched a midlatitude sounding rocket named SpEED Demon from Wallops Flight Facility in August 2022. Among the instruments onboard were sensitive low-cost MEMS accelerometers allowing for neutral density measurements through the drag technique up to 100km in altitude. In addition to sensitive accelerometers on the main payload, four ejectable subpayloads also carry an accelerometer providing simultaneous multi-point neutral density measurements, akin to a ‘falling cylinder’ experiment. We present the flight performance and results of this drag-based density measurement technique from the SpEED Demon launch. Drag-derived density results are compared with density measurements from an ionization gauge instrument and the MSIS atmospheric model to provide validation of the technique, showing agreement within 10% in the 80-100km altitude range.

NASA’s Endurance sounding rocket (yard No. 47.001) will launch from Ny Ålesund, Svalbard in May 2022 on a solid fueled Oriole III-A launch vehicle. Its ∼19 minute flight will carry it to an altitude of ∼780 km above Earth’s sunlit polar cap. Its objective is to make the first measurement of the weak “ambipolar” electric field generated by Earth’s ionosphere. This field is thought to play a critical role in the upwelling and escape of ionospheric ions, and thus potentially in the evolution of Earth’s atmosphere. The results will enable us to determine the importance to ion escape of this previously unmeasured fundamental property of our planet, which will aid in a better understanding of what makes Earth habitable. Endurance will carry six science instruments (with 16 sensors) that will measure the total electrical potential drop below the spacecraft, and the physical parameters required to understand the physics of what generates the ambipolar field. The mission will be supported by simultaneous observations of solar and geomagnetic activity.

NASA’s Endurance sounding rocket (yard No. 47.001) will launch from Ny Ålesund, Svalbard in May 2022 on a solid fueled Oriole III-A launch vehicle. Its ∼19 minute flight will carry it to an altitude of ∼780 km above Earth’s sunlit polar cap. Its objective is to make the first measurement of the weak “ambipolar” electric field generated by Earth’s ionosphere. This field is thought to play a critical role in the upwelling and escape of ionospheric ions, and thus potentially in the evolution of Earth’s atmosphere. The results will enable us to determine the importance to ion escape of this previously unmeasured fundamental property of our planet, which will aid in a better understanding of what makes Earth habitable. Endurance will carry six science instruments (with 16 sensors) that will measure the total electrical potential drop below the spacecraft, and the physical parameters required to understand the physics of what generates the ambipolar field. The mission will be supported by simultaneous observations of solar and geomagnetic activity.

[14], 316, [2] p. : ill., A Welsh translation of: Valentine, Henry. Private devotions., With added engraved title page (A2); verses on A1v., The words "I. Cyffes. .. V. Erfyniad." are connected by a left bracket on title page., Colophon dated 1656., Reproduction of the original in the Bodleian Library., (DLPS) A64845.0001.001, (stc) Wing V23A, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html, To the extent possible under law, the Text Creation Partnership has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above, according to the terms of the CC0 1.0 Public Domain Dedication (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). This waiver does not extend to any page images or other supplementary files associated with this work, which may be protected by copyright or other license restrictions. Please go to http://www.textcreationpartnership.org/ for more information.

[2], 36 p., Printer's name from STC., Reproduction of the original in the Yale University. Library., (marc) 99839030, (stc) STC (2nd ed.) 24575., http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html

[6], 70 p., The last three leaves contain prayers to be used at sea., Reproduction of the original in Harvard University. Library., (marc) 99839241, (stc) STC (2nd ed.) 24574., http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html

[8], 377, [1] p. : ill., Dedication signed: Henry Valentine., A1v = verse; A2v = frontis., Reproduction of the original in the Bodleian Library., (marc) 99831087, (stc) Wing (2nd ed.) V23B., http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html

[6], 70 p., The last three leaves contain prayers to be used at sea., Reproduction of the original in Harvard University. Library., (marc) 99839241, (stc) STC (2nd ed.) 24574., http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html

[2], 36 p., Printer's name from STC., Reproduction of the original in the Yale University. Library., (marc) 99839030, (stc) STC (2nd ed.) 24575., http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html

[8], 377, [1] p. : ill., Dedication signed: Henry Valentine., A1v = verse; A2v = frontis., Reproduction of the original in the Bodleian Library., (marc) 99831087, (stc) Wing (2nd ed.) V23B., http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html

[14], 316, [2] p. : ill., A Welsh translation of: Valentine, Henry. Private devotions., With added engraved title page (A2); verses on A1v., The words "I. Cyffes. .. V. Erfyniad." are connected by a left bracket on title page., Colophon dated 1656., Reproduction of the original in the Bodleian Library., (DLPS) A64845.0001.001, (stc) Wing V23A, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html, To the extent possible under law, the Text Creation Partnership has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above, according to the terms of the CC0 1.0 Public Domain Dedication (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). This waiver does not extend to any page images or other supplementary files associated with this work, which may be protected by copyright or other license restrictions. Please go to http://www.textcreationpartnership.org/ for more information.