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Political participation is a vital part of modern democracies which can be described as a way to convey the interests and the preferences of citizens and exert pressure on the government to align with the will of the citizens. For this sake it could be considered a democracy problem that citizens participate to varying extents, where people living in disadvantaged areas participate to a lesser extent compared to people in areas with a higher degree of resources. This study sets out to investigate the reasons behind this reality, using the components of the Civic Voluntarism Model as explanatory factors behind political participation within areas of different resource levels and comparing the finding between the areas to see which factors matter the most depending on the area. The research questions used are (1) Which effect do resources, motivation and recruiting network have on political participation in disadvantaged areas, and (2) Do the effects differ between disadvantaged areas and other areas? The questions will be answered using logistic regression on a data set from the 2021 SOM-survey in Gothenburg. The results show that the Civic Voluntarism Model has a higher degree of explanation in disadvantaged areas and that the factor showing the strongest degree of explanation is being a member of a local association, especially in disadvantaged areas. Some of the results are however contradictory to previous research, which gives rise to a discussion whether quantitative methods are appropriate for understanding participation – and the lack thereof – or if this needs to be further examined using qualitative methods. Keywords

Political participation is a vital part of modern democracies which can be described as a way to convey the interests and the preferences of citizens and exert pressure on the government to align with the will of the citizens. For this sake it could be considered a democracy problem that citizens participate to varying extents, where people living in disadvantaged areas participate to a lesser extent compared to people in areas with a higher degree of resources. This study sets out to investigate the reasons behind this reality, using the components of the Civic Voluntarism Model as explanatory factors behind political participation within areas of different resource levels and comparing the finding between the areas to see which factors matter the most depending on the area. The research questions used are (1) Which effect do resources, motivation and recruiting network have on political participation in disadvantaged areas, and (2) Do the effects differ between disadvantaged areas and other areas? The questions will be answered using logistic regression on a data set from the 2021 SOM-survey in Gothenburg. The results show that the Civic Voluntarism Model has a higher degree of explanation in disadvantaged areas and that the factor showing the strongest degree of explanation is being a member of a local association, especially in disadvantaged areas. Some of the results are however contradictory to previous research, which gives rise to a discussion whether quantitative methods are appropriate for understanding participation – and the lack thereof – or if this needs to be further examined using qualitative methods. Keywords

Social role theory posits that binary gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in less egalitarian countries, reflecting these countries’ more pronounced sex-based power divisions. Conversely, evolutionary and self-construal theorists suggest that gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in more egalitarian countries, reflecting the greater autonomy support and flexible self-construction processes present in these countries. Using data from 62 countries (N = 28,640), we examine binary gender gaps in agentic and communal self-views as a function of country-level objective gender equality (the Global Gender Gap Index) and subjective distributions of social power (the Power Distance Index). Findings show that in more egalitarian countries, gender gaps in agency are smaller and gender gaps in communality are larger. These patterns are driven primarily by cross-country differences in men’s self-views and by the Power Distance Index (PDI) more robustly than the Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI). We consider possible causes and implications of these findings.

In this explorative and collectively written paper, researchers and archivists from the research project Children’s cultural heritage — the visual voices of the archive ponder, wrestle with, confront, and dig deeper into what it means to preserve and include children’s own voices in archives. The authors acknowledge that child-produced cultural objects are historical landmarks and significant parts of national heritage. The article raises questions about where and how the ‘doing’ of what is here called children’s cultural heritage takes place, what it means to archive from children’s perspectives, and what aspects of children are saved during these preservation and archival management processes. To collect, preserve and provide access to heritage might empower and affirm individuals and subordinated groups of people who have not been seen or heard in the historical past, in the present, or in future pasts. Children, as a category, is one such subordinated group in heritage contexts. Adults therefore have a responsibility to empower children by strengthening their position towards other social groups, towards society and the heritage domain. This article provides insights into the challenges that heritage establishments face in taking children’s cultural heritage seriously., Funding: The Swedish Research Council; Swedish Research Council [2020-0395], Children's cultural heritage - the visual voices of the archive

In this explorative and collectively written paper, researchers and archivists from the research project Children’s cultural heritage — the visual voices of the archive ponder, wrestle with, confront, and dig deeper into what it means to preserve and include children’s own voices in archives. The authors acknowledge that child-produced cultural objects are historical landmarks and significant parts of national heritage. The article raises questions about where and how the ‘doing’ of what is here called children’s cultural heritage takes place, what it means to archive from children’s perspectives, and what aspects of children are saved during these preservation and archival management processes. To collect, preserve and provide access to heritage might empower and affirm individuals and subordinated groups of people who have not been seen or heard in the historical past, in the present, or in future pasts. Children, as a category, is one such subordinated group in heritage contexts. Adults therefore have a responsibility to empower children by strengthening their position towards other social groups, towards society and the heritage domain. This article provides insights into the challenges that heritage establishments face in taking children’s cultural heritage seriously.

In this explorative and collectively written paper, researchers and archivists from the research project Children’s cultural heritage — the visual voices of the archive ponder, wrestle with, confront, and dig deeper into what it means to preserve and include children’s own voices in archives. The authors acknowledge that child-produced cultural objects are historical landmarks and significant parts of national heritage. The article raises questions about where and how the ‘doing’ of what is here called children’s cultural heritage takes place, what it means to archive from children’s perspectives, and what aspects of children are saved during these preservation and archival management processes. To collect, preserve and provide access to heritage might empower and affirm individuals and subordinated groups of people who have not been seen or heard in the historical past, in the present, or in future pasts. Children, as a category, is one such subordinated group in heritage contexts. Adults therefore have a responsibility to empower children by strengthening their position towards other social groups, towards society and the heritage domain. This article provides insights into the challenges that heritage establishments face in taking children’s cultural heritage seriously.

In this explorative and collectively written paper, researchers and archivists from the research project Children’s cultural heritage — the visual voices of the archive ponder, wrestle with, confront, and dig deeper into what it means to preserve and include children’s own voices in archives. The authors acknowledge that child-produced cultural objects are historical landmarks and significant parts of national heritage. The article raises questions about where and how the ‘doing’ of what is here called children’s cultural heritage takes place, what it means to archive from children’s perspectives, and what aspects of children are saved during these preservation and archival management processes. To collect, preserve and provide access to heritage might empower and affirm individuals and subordinated groups of people who have not been seen or heard in the historical past, in the present, or in future pasts. Children, as a category, is one such subordinated group in heritage contexts. Adults therefore have a responsibility to empower children by strengthening their position towards other social groups, towards society and the heritage domain. This article provides insights into the challenges that heritage establishments face in taking children’s cultural heritage seriously., Funding: The Swedish Research Council; Swedish Research Council [2020-0395], Children's cultural heritage - the visual voices of the archive

In this explorative and collectively written paper, researchers and archivists from the research project Children’s cultural heritage — the visual voices of the archive ponder, wrestle with, confront, and dig deeper into what it means to preserve and include children’s own voices in archives. The authors acknowledge that child-produced cultural objects are historical landmarks and significant parts of national heritage. The article raises questions about where and how the ‘doing’ of what is here called children’s cultural heritage takes place, what it means to archive from children’s perspectives, and what aspects of children are saved during these preservation and archival management processes. To collect, preserve and provide access to heritage might empower and affirm individuals and subordinated groups of people who have not been seen or heard in the historical past, in the present, or in future pasts. Children, as a category, is one such subordinated group in heritage contexts. Adults therefore have a responsibility to empower children by strengthening their position towards other social groups, towards society and the heritage domain. This article provides insights into the challenges that heritage establishments face in taking children’s cultural heritage seriously.

In this explorative and collectively written paper, researchers and archivists from the research project Children’s cultural heritage — the visual voices of the archive ponder, wrestle with, confront, and dig deeper into what it means to preserve and include children’s own voices in archives. The authors acknowledge that child-produced cultural objects are historical landmarks and significant parts of national heritage. The article raises questions about where and how the ‘doing’ of what is here called children’s cultural heritage takes place, what it means to archive from children’s perspectives, and what aspects of children are saved during these preservation and archival management processes. To collect, preserve and provide access to heritage might empower and affirm individuals and subordinated groups of people who have not been seen or heard in the historical past, in the present, or in future pasts. Children, as a category, is one such subordinated group in heritage contexts. Adults therefore have a responsibility to empower children by strengthening their position towards other social groups, towards society and the heritage domain. This article provides insights into the challenges that heritage establishments face in taking children’s cultural heritage seriously., Funding: The Swedish Research Council; Swedish Research Council [2020-0395], Children's cultural heritage - the visual voices of the archive

Introduction: Psychosomatic complaints have increased among adolescents in recent decades, as well as overweight and obesity rates, which have become a public health issue. The associations between weight status and psychosomatic complaints are not clear, therefore further research is needed. The aim of this study was to explore the associations between weight status and psychosomatic complaints among Swedish adolescents, and the possible buffering effect of family support. Methods: This study was based on cross-sectional data of the Swedish Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) of 2017/18, that included 3,133 boys and girls aged 11, 13 and 15 years. Weight status was based on self-reported information on weight and height, which was used to calculate body mass index (BMI) and construct the categories “non-overweight”, “overweight” and “obese”. Psychosomatic complaints were based on information on the frequency of eight different complaints, that was summed to an index. Family support was measured by three items that described the received support. An index was constructed which was dichotomized into two categories, low and high family support. Gender, age and family affluence were included as covariates. Linear regression analyses were performed to investigate the associations between weight status and psychosomatic complaints. Interaction analyses were used to see whether family support moderates the main association. Additional family support- and sex-stratified analyses were conducted. Results: The results revealed that obesity is associated with higher levels of psychosomatic complaints. Being non-overweight or overweight did not show any significant associations with the outcome. Girls reported higher levels of psychosomatic complaints compared to boys. Family support could buffer against obese girls’ psychosomatic complaints. Conclusions: The findings of this study highlight the importance of public health actions to prevent childhood obesity and add

In this explorative and collectively written paper, researchers and archivists from the research project Children’s cultural heritage — the visual voices of the archive ponder, wrestle with, confront, and dig deeper into what it means to preserve and include children’s own voices in archives. The authors acknowledge that child-produced cultural objects are historical landmarks and significant parts of national heritage. The article raises questions about where and how the ‘doing’ of what is here called children’s cultural heritage takes place, what it means to archive from children’s perspectives, and what aspects of children are saved during these preservation and archival management processes. To collect, preserve and provide access to heritage might empower and affirm individuals and subordinated groups of people who have not been seen or heard in the historical past, in the present, or in future pasts. Children, as a category, is one such subordinated group in heritage contexts. Adults therefore have a responsibility to empower children by strengthening their position towards other social groups, towards society and the heritage domain. This article provides insights into the challenges that heritage establishments face in taking children’s cultural heritage seriously.

Introduction: Psychosomatic complaints have increased among adolescents in recent decades, as well as overweight and obesity rates, which have become a public health issue. The associations between weight status and psychosomatic complaints are not clear, therefore further research is needed. The aim of this study was to explore the associations between weight status and psychosomatic complaints among Swedish adolescents, and the possible buffering effect of family support. Methods: This study was based on cross-sectional data of the Swedish Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) of 2017/18, that included 3,133 boys and girls aged 11, 13 and 15 years. Weight status was based on self-reported information on weight and height, which was used to calculate body mass index (BMI) and construct the categories “non-overweight”, “overweight” and “obese”. Psychosomatic complaints were based on information on the frequency of eight different complaints, that was summed to an index. Family support was measured by three items that described the received support. An index was constructed which was dichotomized into two categories, low and high family support. Gender, age and family affluence were included as covariates. Linear regression analyses were performed to investigate the associations between weight status and psychosomatic complaints. Interaction analyses were used to see whether family support moderates the main association. Additional family support- and sex-stratified analyses were conducted. Results: The results revealed that obesity is associated with higher levels of psychosomatic complaints. Being non-overweight or overweight did not show any significant associations with the outcome. Girls reported higher levels of psychosomatic complaints compared to boys. Family support could buffer against obese girls’ psychosomatic complaints. Conclusions: The findings of this study highlight the importance of public health actions to prevent childhood obesity and add

This chapter focuses on the transformative potential of the sensobiographic walks, connecting them to the tradition of embodied narrative methodologies in research on adult education and learning . The concrete features of the method entail walking-with and remembering, hence creating a powerful, layered, material and symbolic setting triggering an experience of learning, or creation of the new. More specifically, the authors compare data from two projects: the SENSOTRA project and an Italian study (“Unexpected subjects: reception, space and meaning in asylum seekers’ experience”) using the same method to highlight the experience of newcomers and natives living in the same territory. In both cases, walking-with created unexpected contacts between the participants (and with the researcher, who is not, in this kind of study, a neutral presence). This analysis brought to problematize difference and identity: in walking pairs, differences are a precondition due to the research plan (the groups of participants, or targets, were identified at start) and appear shaped by dominant narratives and categorization, or even expectations, that may be partially internalized. During the walks, these presuppositions became more blurred and problematic, since categorization was overcome by other, more dynamic and local, differences emerging in and by the process. From a fixed idea of difference, coming from categorization and polarisation of identities (“the newcomer” and “the native”, “the elderly” and “the youth”), the concept of difference as a feature of the relationship, and a construct, brought to celebrate the dynamic contact, curiosity, playfulness, transformation, and transcendence of individual qualities.

In this explorative and collectively written paper, researchers and archivists from the research project Children’s cultural heritage — the visual voices of the archive ponder, wrestle with, confront, and dig deeper into what it means to preserve and include children’s own voices in archives. The authors acknowledge that child-produced cultural objects are historical landmarks and significant parts of national heritage. The article raises questions about where and how the ‘doing’ of what is here called children’s cultural heritage takes place, what it means to archive from children’s perspectives, and what aspects of children are saved during these preservation and archival management processes. To collect, preserve and provide access to heritage might empower and affirm individuals and subordinated groups of people who have not been seen or heard in the historical past, in the present, or in future pasts. Children, as a category, is one such subordinated group in heritage contexts. Adults therefore have a responsibility to empower children by strengthening their position towards other social groups, towards society and the heritage domain. This article provides insights into the challenges that heritage establishments face in taking children’s cultural heritage seriously., Funding: The Swedish Research Council; Swedish Research Council [2020-0395], Children's cultural heritage - the visual voices of the archive

In this explorative and collectively written paper, researchers and archivists from the research project Children’s cultural heritage — the visual voices of the archive ponder, wrestle with, confront, and dig deeper into what it means to preserve and include children’s own voices in archives. The authors acknowledge that child-produced cultural objects are historical landmarks and significant parts of national heritage. The article raises questions about where and how the ‘doing’ of what is here called children’s cultural heritage takes place, what it means to archive from children’s perspectives, and what aspects of children are saved during these preservation and archival management processes. To collect, preserve and provide access to heritage might empower and affirm individuals and subordinated groups of people who have not been seen or heard in the historical past, in the present, or in future pasts. Children, as a category, is one such subordinated group in heritage contexts. Adults therefore have a responsibility to empower children by strengthening their position towards other social groups, towards society and the heritage domain. This article provides insights into the challenges that heritage establishments face in taking children’s cultural heritage seriously., Funding: The Swedish Research Council; Swedish Research Council [2020-0395], Children's cultural heritage - the visual voices of the archive

In this explorative and collectively written paper, researchers and archivists from the research project Children’s cultural heritage — the visual voices of the archive ponder, wrestle with, confront, and dig deeper into what it means to preserve and include children’s own voices in archives. The authors acknowledge that child-produced cultural objects are historical landmarks and significant parts of national heritage. The article raises questions about where and how the ‘doing’ of what is here called children’s cultural heritage takes place, what it means to archive from children’s perspectives, and what aspects of children are saved during these preservation and archival management processes. To collect, preserve and provide access to heritage might empower and affirm individuals and subordinated groups of people who have not been seen or heard in the historical past, in the present, or in future pasts. Children, as a category, is one such subordinated group in heritage contexts. Adults therefore have a responsibility to empower children by strengthening their position towards other social groups, towards society and the heritage domain. This article provides insights into the challenges that heritage establishments face in taking children’s cultural heritage seriously.

Bakgrund : Den smittade virusinfektionen covid-19 blev snabbt och pandemi och har påverkat människor i världen över. Tidigare forskning på patienters rädsla för viruset, deras tankar och känslor över att bli inlagda på sjukhus och att vara isolerade. Anhöriga upplevde oro över de som drabbats av covid-19 samt bristande information avseende den drabbade hälsan och mående. Syfte : Syftet var att kartlägga sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda patienter med covid-19. Metod : En allmän litteraturöversikt som inkluderar elva artiklar med kvalitativ ansats samt en artikel med blandad ansats. Resultat : I temat Rädsla för virusetframkom sjuksköterskors rädsla för att sprida viruset vidare och att själva bli drabbade av viruset. I temat Påfrestande skyddsutrustning framkom skyddsutrustningens fysiska påfrestning på sjuksköterskor samt att den försvårade vid omvårdnad av patienter. I temat Att komma starkare ur en kris framkom det av sjuksköterskor som vårdat patienter med covid-19 att det har bidragit till en starkare sammanhållning bland vårdpersonal samt mer erfarenhet. Slutsatser : Genom sjuksköterskors erfarenheter måste komma i fråga för bättre lämpad skyddsutrustning och ökad kunskap om viruset samt att sjuksköterskor stärkts i sin roll. Nyckelord : Allmän litteraturöversikt, covid-19, erfarenheter, sjuksköterskor, vårda.

Social role theory posits that binary gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in less egalitarian countries, reflecting these countries’ more pronounced sex-based power divisions. Conversely, evolutionary and self-construal theorists suggest that gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in more egalitarian countries, reflecting the greater autonomy support and flexible self-construction processes present in these countries. Using data from 62 countries (N = 28,640), we examine binary gender gaps in agentic and communal self-views as a function of country-level objective gender equality (the Global Gender Gap Index) and subjective distributions of social power (the Power Distance Index). Findings show that in more egalitarian countries, gender gaps in agency are smaller and gender gaps in communality are larger. These patterns are driven primarily by cross-country differences in men’s self-views and by the Power Distance Index (PDI) more robustly than the Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI). We consider possible causes and implications of these findings.

Bakgrund : Den smittade virusinfektionen covid-19 blev snabbt och pandemi och har påverkat människor i världen över. Tidigare forskning på patienters rädsla för viruset, deras tankar och känslor över att bli inlagda på sjukhus och att vara isolerade. Anhöriga upplevde oro över de som drabbats av covid-19 samt bristande information avseende den drabbade hälsan och mående. Syfte : Syftet var att kartlägga sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda patienter med covid-19. Metod : En allmän litteraturöversikt som inkluderar elva artiklar med kvalitativ ansats samt en artikel med blandad ansats. Resultat : I temat Rädsla för virusetframkom sjuksköterskors rädsla för att sprida viruset vidare och att själva bli drabbade av viruset. I temat Påfrestande skyddsutrustning framkom skyddsutrustningens fysiska påfrestning på sjuksköterskor samt att den försvårade vid omvårdnad av patienter. I temat Att komma starkare ur en kris framkom det av sjuksköterskor som vårdat patienter med covid-19 att det har bidragit till en starkare sammanhållning bland vårdpersonal samt mer erfarenhet. Slutsatser : Genom sjuksköterskors erfarenheter måste komma i fråga för bättre lämpad skyddsutrustning och ökad kunskap om viruset samt att sjuksköterskor stärkts i sin roll. Nyckelord : Allmän litteraturöversikt, covid-19, erfarenheter, sjuksköterskor, vårda.

Service life planning with timber requires reliable models for quantifying the effects of exposure-related parameters and the material-inherent resistance of wood against biotic agents. The Meyer-Veltrup model was the first attempt to account for inherent protective properties and the wetting ability of wood to quantify resistance of wood in a quantitative manner. Based on test data on brown, white, and soft rot as well as moisture dynamics, the decay rates of different untreated wood species were predicted relative to the reference species of Norway spruce (Picea abies). The present study aimed to validate and optimize the resistance model for a wider range of wood species including very durable species, thermally and chemically modified wood, and preservative treated wood. The general model structure was shown to also be suitable for highly durable materials, but previously defined maximum thresholds had to be adjusted (i.e., maximum values of factors accounting for wetting ability and inherent protective properties) to 18 instead of 5 compared to Norway spruce. As expected, both the enlarged span in durability and the use of numerous and partly very divergent data sources (i.e., test methods, test locations, and types of data presentation) led to a decrease in the predictive power of the model compared to the original. In addition to the need to enlarge the database quantity and improve its quality, in particular for treated wood, it might be advantageous to use separate models for untreated and treated wood as long as the effect of additional impact variables (e.g., treatment quality) can be accounted for. Nevertheless, the adapted Meyer-Veltrup model will serve as an instrument to quantify material resistance for a wide range of wood-based materials as an input for comprehensive service life prediction software.

Service life planning with timber requires reliable models for quantifying the effects of exposure-related parameters and the material-inherent resistance of wood against biotic agents. The Meyer-Veltrup model was the first attempt to account for inherent protective properties and the wetting ability of wood to quantify resistance of wood in a quantitative manner. Based on test data on brown, white, and soft rot as well as moisture dynamics, the decay rates of different untreated wood species were predicted relative to the reference species of Norway spruce (Picea abies). The present study aimed to validate and optimize the resistance model for a wider range of wood species including very durable species, thermally and chemically modified wood, and preservative treated wood. The general model structure was shown to also be suitable for highly durable materials, but previously defined maximum thresholds had to be adjusted (i.e., maximum values of factors accounting for wetting ability and inherent protective properties) to 18 instead of 5 compared to Norway spruce. As expected, both the enlarged span in durability and the use of numerous and partly very divergent data sources (i.e., test methods, test locations, and types of data presentation) led to a decrease in the predictive power of the model compared to the original. In addition to the need to enlarge the database quantity and improve its quality, in particular for treated wood, it might be advantageous to use separate models for untreated and treated wood as long as the effect of additional impact variables (e.g., treatment quality) can be accounted for. Nevertheless, the adapted Meyer-Veltrup model will serve as an instrument to quantify material resistance for a wide range of wood-based materials as an input for comprehensive service life prediction software.

Consumer wearables and sensors are a rich source of data about patients’ daily disease and symptom burden, particularly in the case of movement disorders like Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, interpreting these complex data into so-called digital biomarkers requires complicated analytical approaches, and validating these biomarkers requires sufficient data and unbiased evaluation methods. Here we describe the use of crowdsourcing to specifically evaluate and benchmark features derived from accelerometer and gyroscope data in two different datasets to predict the presence of PD and severity of three PD symptoms: tremor, dyskinesia, and bradykinesia. Forty teams from around the world submitted features, and achieved drastically improved predictive performance for PD status (best AUROC = 0.87), as well as tremor- (best AUPR = 0.75), dyskinesia- (best AUPR = 0.48) and bradykinesia-severity (best AUPR = 0.95)

Consumer wearables and sensors are a rich source of data about patients’ daily disease and symptom burden, particularly in the case of movement disorders like Parkinson’s Disease (PD). However, interpreting these complex data into so-called digital biomarkers requires complicated analytical approaches, and validating these biomarkers requires sufficient data and unbiased evaluation methods. Here we describe the use of crowdsourcing to specifically evaluate and benchmark features derived from accelerometer and gyroscope data in two different datasets to predict the presence of PD and severity of three PD symptoms: tremor, dyskinesia and bradykinesia. Forty teams from around the world submitted features, and achieved drastically improved predictive performance for PD status (best AUROC=0.87), as well as tremor- (best AUPR=0.75), dyskinesia- (best AUPR=0.48) and bradykinesia-severity (best AUPR=0.95).

Consumer wearables and sensors are a rich source of data about patients’ daily disease and symptom burden, particularly in the case of movement disorders like Parkinson’s Disease (PD). However, interpreting these complex data into so-called digital biomarkers requires complicated analytical approaches, and validating these biomarkers requires sufficient data and unbiased evaluation methods. Here we describe the use of crowdsourcing to specifically evaluate and benchmark features derived from accelerometer and gyroscope data in two different datasets to predict the presence of PD and severity of three PD symptoms: tremor, dyskinesia and bradykinesia. Forty teams from around the world submitted features, and achieved drastically improved predictive performance for PD status (best AUROC=0.87), as well as tremor- (best AUPR=0.75), dyskinesia- (best AUPR=0.48) and bradykinesia-severity (best AUPR=0.95).

Consumer wearables and sensors are a rich source of data about patients’ daily disease and symptom burden, particularly in the case of movement disorders like Parkinson’s Disease (PD). However, interpreting these complex data into so-called digital biomarkers requires complicated analytical approaches, and validating these biomarkers requires sufficient data and unbiased evaluation methods. Here we describe the use of crowdsourcing to specifically evaluate and benchmark features derived from accelerometer and gyroscope data in two different datasets to predict the presence of PD and severity of three PD symptoms: tremor, dyskinesia and bradykinesia. Forty teams from around the world submitted features, and achieved drastically improved predictive performance for PD status (best AUROC=0.87), as well as tremor- (best AUPR=0.75), dyskinesia- (best AUPR=0.48) and bradykinesia-severity (best AUPR=0.95).

Consumer wearables and sensors are a rich source of data about patients’ daily disease and symptom burden, particularly in the case of movement disorders like Parkinson’s Disease (PD). However, interpreting these complex data into so-called digital biomarkers requires complicated analytical approaches, and validating these biomarkers requires sufficient data and unbiased evaluation methods. Here we describe the use of crowdsourcing to specifically evaluate and benchmark features derived from accelerometer and gyroscope data in two different datasets to predict the presence of PD and severity of three PD symptoms: tremor, dyskinesia and bradykinesia. Forty teams from around the world submitted features, and achieved drastically improved predictive performance for PD status (best AUROC=0.87), as well as tremor- (best AUPR=0.75), dyskinesia- (best AUPR=0.48) and bradykinesia-severity (best AUPR=0.95).

Consumer wearables and sensors are a rich source of data about patients’ daily disease and symptom burden, particularly in the case of movement disorders like Parkinson’s Disease (PD). However, interpreting these complex data into so-called digital biomarkers requires complicated analytical approaches, and validating these biomarkers requires sufficient data and unbiased evaluation methods. Here we describe the use of crowdsourcing to specifically evaluate and benchmark features derived from accelerometer and gyroscope data in two different datasets to predict the presence of PD and severity of three PD symptoms: tremor, dyskinesia and bradykinesia. Forty teams from around the world submitted features, and achieved drastically improved predictive performance for PD status (best AUROC=0.87), as well as tremor- (best AUPR=0.75), dyskinesia- (best AUPR=0.48) and bradykinesia-severity (best AUPR=0.95).

Service life planning with timber requires reliable models for quantifying the effects of exposure-related parameters and the material-inherent resistance of wood against biotic agents. The Meyer-Veltrup model was the first attempt to account for inherent protective properties and the wetting ability of wood to quantify resistance of wood in a quantitative manner. Based on test data on brown, white, and soft rot as well as moisture dynamics, the decay rates of different untreated wood species were predicted relative to the reference species of Norway spruce (Picea abies). The present study aimed to validate and optimize the resistance model for a wider range of wood species including very durable species, thermally and chemically modified wood, and preservative treated wood. The general model structure was shown to also be suitable for highly durable materials, but previously defined maximum thresholds had to be adjusted (i.e., maximum values of factors accounting for wetting ability and inherent protective properties) to 18 instead of 5 compared to Norway spruce. As expected, both the enlarged span in durability and the use of numerous and partly very divergent data sources (i.e., test methods, test locations, and types of data presentation) led to a decrease in the predictive power of the model compared to the original. In addition to the need to enlarge the database quantity and improve its quality, in particular for treated wood, it might be advantageous to use separate models for untreated and treated wood as long as the effect of additional impact variables (e.g., treatment quality) can be accounted for. Nevertheless, the adapted Meyer-Veltrup model will serve as an instrument to quantify material resistance for a wide range of wood-based materials as an input for comprehensive service life prediction software.

Consumer wearables and sensors are a rich source of data about patients’ daily disease and symptom burden, particularly in the case of movement disorders like Parkinson’s Disease (PD). However, interpreting these complex data into so-called digital biomarkers requires complicated analytical approaches, and validating these biomarkers requires sufficient data and unbiased evaluation methods. Here we describe the use of crowdsourcing to specifically evaluate and benchmark features derived from accelerometer and gyroscope data in two different datasets to predict the presence of PD and severity of three PD symptoms: tremor, dyskinesia and bradykinesia. Forty teams from around the world submitted features, and achieved drastically improved predictive performance for PD status (best AUROC=0.87), as well as tremor- (best AUPR=0.75), dyskinesia- (best AUPR=0.48) and bradykinesia-severity (best AUPR=0.95).

Durability-based designs with timber require reliable information about the wood properties and how they affect its performance under variable exposure conditions. This study aimed at utilizing a material resistance model (Part 2 of this publication) based on a dose–response approach for predicting the relative decay rates in above-ground situations. Laboratory and field test data were, for the first time, surveyed globally and used to determine material-specific resistance dose values, which were correlated to decay rates. In addition, laboratory indicators were used to adapt the material resistance model to in-ground exposure. The relationship between decay rates in- and above-ground, the predictive power of laboratory indicators to predict such decay rates, and a method for implementing both in a service life prediction tool, were established based on 195 hardwoods, 29 softwoods, 19 modified timbers, and 41 preservative-treated timbers.

Service life planning with timber requires reliable models for quantifying the effects of exposure-related parameters and the material-inherent resistance of wood against biotic agents. The Meyer-Veltrup model was the first attempt to account for inherent protective properties and the wetting ability of wood to quantify resistance of wood in a quantitative manner. Based on test data on brown, white, and soft rot as well as moisture dynamics, the decay rates of different untreated wood species were predicted relative to the reference species of Norway spruce (Picea abies). The present study aimed to validate and optimize the resistance model for a wider range of wood species including very durable species, thermally and chemically modified wood, and preservative treated wood. The general model structure was shown to also be suitable for highly durable materials, but previously defined maximum thresholds had to be adjusted (i.e., maximum values of factors accounting for wetting ability and inherent protective properties) to 18 instead of 5 compared to Norway spruce. As expected, both the enlarged span in durability and the use of numerous and partly very divergent data sources (i.e., test methods, test locations, and types of data presentation) led to a decrease in the predictive power of the model compared to the original. In addition to the need to enlarge the database quantity and improve its quality, in particular for treated wood, it might be advantageous to use separate models for untreated and treated wood as long as the effect of additional impact variables (e.g., treatment quality) can be accounted for. Nevertheless, the adapted Meyer-Veltrup model will serve as an instrument to quantify material resistance for a wide range of wood-based materials as an input for comprehensive service life prediction software.

Äldre är en växande och ofta bortprioriterad åldersgrupp, där många är i behov av stöd för att klara av sin vardag. Utifrån styrdokument och lagar framkommer det att vård- och omsorgsverksamheter ska främja äldres självständighet. Konsensus saknas gällande definitionen av begreppet självständighet trots att det är ett välanvänt begrepp. Upplevd självständighet är ett begränsat forskningsområde och det finns inget systematiskt sätt att mäta fenomenet på i dagsläget. Studien är genomförd på uppdrag av Karlstads kommun. Studiens syfte var att definiera och operationalisera upplevd självständighet och dess underdimensioner. Ett självskattningsformulär konstruerades för att att mäta upplevd självständighet hos äldre som har stöd för att klara av sin vardag. En tvärsnittsstudie användes som design där självskattningsformuläret administrerades anonym. Totalt inkluderades 94 respondenter. I resultatet framkommer självständighet består av en subjektivt aspekt och är ett viktigt komplement till de väletablerade objektiva bedömningarna på området. Självskattningsformuläret anses fånga in studiens definition av upplevd självständighet. Vidare framkommer att självskattningsformuläret består av fem komponenter: (1) Kontroll och inflytande, (2) Livskvalitet och aktiva val, (3) Skam och känslan av att få hjälp, (4) Upplevelsen av att få hjälp, samt (5) Upplevelsen av att göra saker på egen hand. Samtliga komponenter bedöms vara möjliga underdimensioner av upplevd självständighet. Slutsatsen är att äldre kan uppleva sig som självständiga, trots behov av hjälp och stöd. Att självständighet är något subjektivt mätbart och att vikt måste läggas vid den individuella upplevelsen för att se om insatser främjar upplevd självständighet., The elderly is a large and growing population that has been deprioritized for many years. Government policies, documents, and laws make it clear that care and welfare of elderly need to promote independence and self-reliance. However, there is no uniform definition of the term independence, and there is no systematic way to measure the phenomenon today. The purpose of this study was to define and operationalize subjective independence and its various sub-dimensions, and was commissioned by Karlstad Municipality. A self-assessment questionnaire was designed to measure the perceived independence of elderly who have assistance during their everyday lives. A cross-sectional study was used and the self-assessment questionnaire was administered anonymously. A total of 94 respondents participated. The result showed that independence consists of a subjective aspect, and thus, is an important complement to objective assessments of independence. The self-assessment questionnaire is considered to capture the study's definition of subjective independence. Furthermore, the study showed that the self-assessment questionnaire consisted of five components: (1) Control and influence, (2) Quality of life and active choices, (3) Shame and the feeling of getting help, (4) The experience of getting help, and (5) The experience of doing things on your own; that are possible subdimensions of subjective independence. The conclusion is that the elderly can experience themselves as being independent, despite their need of assistance in their everyday lives; and that independence is something subjectively measurable, and that emphasis must be placed on the individual experience to see if efforts promote subjective independence.

Consumer wearables and sensors are a rich source of data about patients’ daily disease and symptom burden, particularly in the case of movement disorders like Parkinson’s Disease (PD). However, interpreting these complex data into so-called digital biomarkers requires complicated analytical approaches, and validating these biomarkers requires sufficient data and unbiased evaluation methods. Here we describe the use of crowdsourcing to specifically evaluate and benchmark features derived from accelerometer and gyroscope data in two different datasets to predict the presence of PD and severity of three PD symptoms: tremor, dyskinesia and bradykinesia. Forty teams from around the world submitted features, and achieved drastically improved predictive performance for PD status (best AUROC=0.87), as well as tremor- (best AUPR=0.75), dyskinesia- (best AUPR=0.48) and bradykinesia-severity (best AUPR=0.95).

In recent years, the pan-Arctic region has experienced increasingly extreme fire seasons. Fires in the northern high latitudes are driven by current and future climate change, lightning, fuel conditions, and human activity. In this context, conceptualizing and parameterizing current and future Arctic fire regimes will be important for fire and land management as well as understanding current and predicting future fire emissions. The objectives of this review were driven by policy questions identified by the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) Working Group and posed to its Expert Group on Short-Lived Climate Forcers. This review synthesizes current understanding of the changing Arctic and boreal fire regimes, particularly as fire activity and its response to future climate change in the pan-Arctic have consequences for Arctic Council states aiming to mitigate and adapt to climate change in the north. The conclusions from our synthesis are the following. (1) Current and future Arctic fires, and the adjacent boreal region, are driven by natural (i.e. lightning) and human-caused ignition sources, including fires caused by timber and energy extraction, prescribed burning for landscape management, and tourism activities. Little is published in the scientific literature about cultural burning by Indigenous populations across the pan-Arctic, and questions remain on the source of ignitions above 70∘ N in Arctic Russia. (2) Climate change is expected to make Arctic fires more likely by increasing the likelihood of extreme fire weather, increased lightning activity, and drier vegetative and ground fuel conditions. (3) To some extent, shifting agricultural land use and forest transitions from forest–steppe to steppe, tundra to taiga, and coniferous to deciduous in a warmer climate may increase and decrease open biomass burning, depending on land use in addition to climate-driven biome shifts. However, at the country and landscape scales, these relationships are n

Service life planning with timber requires reliable models for quantifying the effects of exposure-related parameters and the material-inherent resistance of wood against biotic agents. The Meyer-Veltrup model was the first attempt to account for inherent protective properties and the wetting ability of wood to quantify resistance of wood in a quantitative manner. Based on test data on brown, white, and soft rot as well as moisture dynamics, the decay rates of different untreated wood species were predicted relative to the reference species of Norway spruce (Picea abies). The present study aimed to validate and optimize the resistance model for a wider range of wood species including very durable species, thermally and chemically modified wood, and preservative treated wood. The general model structure was shown to also be suitable for highly durable materials, but previously defined maximum thresholds had to be adjusted (i.e., maximum values of factors accounting for wetting ability and inherent protective properties) to 18 instead of 5 compared to Norway spruce. As expected, both the enlarged span in durability and the use of numerous and partly very divergent data sources (i.e., test methods, test locations, and types of data presentation) led to a decrease in the predictive power of the model compared to the original. In addition to the need to enlarge the database quantity and improve its quality, in particular for treated wood, it might be advantageous to use separate models for untreated and treated wood as long as the effect of additional impact variables (e.g., treatment quality) can be accounted for. Nevertheless, the adapted Meyer-Veltrup model will serve as an instrument to quantify material resistance for a wide range of wood-based materials as an input for comprehensive service life prediction software.

Durability-based designs with timber require reliable information about the wood properties and how they affect its performance under variable exposure conditions. This study aimed at utilizing a material resistance model (Part 2 of this publication) based on a dose–response approach for predicting the relative decay rates in above-ground situations. Laboratory and field test data were, for the first time, surveyed globally and used to determine material-specific resistance dose values, which were correlated to decay rates. In addition, laboratory indicators were used to adapt the material resistance model to in-ground exposure. The relationship between decay rates in- and above-ground, the predictive power of laboratory indicators to predict such decay rates, and a method for implementing both in a service life prediction tool, were established based on 195 hardwoods, 29 softwoods, 19 modified timbers, and 41 preservative-treated timbers.

Service life planning with timber requires reliable models for quantifying the effects of exposure-related parameters and the material-inherent resistance of wood against biotic agents. The Meyer-Veltrup model was the first attempt to account for inherent protective properties and the wetting ability of wood to quantify resistance of wood in a quantitative manner. Based on test data on brown, white, and soft rot as well as moisture dynamics, the decay rates of different untreated wood species were predicted relative to the reference species of Norway spruce (Picea abies). The present study aimed to validate and optimize the resistance model for a wider range of wood species including very durable species, thermally and chemically modified wood, and preservative treated wood. The general model structure was shown to also be suitable for highly durable materials, but previously defined maximum thresholds had to be adjusted (i.e., maximum values of factors accounting for wetting ability and inherent protective properties) to 18 instead of 5 compared to Norway spruce. As expected, both the enlarged span in durability and the use of numerous and partly very divergent data sources (i.e., test methods, test locations, and types of data presentation) led to a decrease in the predictive power of the model compared to the original. In addition to the need to enlarge the database quantity and improve its quality, in particular for treated wood, it might be advantageous to use separate models for untreated and treated wood as long as the effect of additional impact variables (e.g., treatment quality) can be accounted for. Nevertheless, the adapted Meyer-Veltrup model will serve as an instrument to quantify material resistance for a wide range of wood-based materials as an input for comprehensive service life prediction software.

Durability-based designs with timber require reliable information about the wood properties and how they affect its performance under variable exposure conditions. This study aimed at utilizing a material resistance model (Part 2 of this publication) based on a dose–response approach for predicting the relative decay rates in above-ground situations. Laboratory and field test data were, for the first time, surveyed globally and used to determine material-specific resistance dose values, which were correlated to decay rates. In addition, laboratory indicators were used to adapt the material resistance model to in-ground exposure. The relationship between decay rates in- and above-ground, the predictive power of laboratory indicators to predict such decay rates, and a method for implementing both in a service life prediction tool, were established based on 195 hardwoods, 29 softwoods, 19 modified timbers, and 41 preservative-treated timbers.

Durability-based designs with timber require reliable information about the wood properties and how they affect its performance under variable exposure conditions. This study aimed at utilizing a material resistance model (Part 2 of this publication) based on a dose–response approach for predicting the relative decay rates in above-ground situations. Laboratory and field test data were, for the first time, surveyed globally and used to determine material-specific resistance dose values, which were correlated to decay rates. In addition, laboratory indicators were used to adapt the material resistance model to in-ground exposure. The relationship between decay rates in- and above-ground, the predictive power of laboratory indicators to predict such decay rates, and a method for implementing both in a service life prediction tool, were established based on 195 hardwoods, 29 softwoods, 19 modified timbers, and 41 preservative-treated timbers.

Äldre är en växande och ofta bortprioriterad åldersgrupp, där många är i behov av stöd för att klara av sin vardag. Utifrån styrdokument och lagar framkommer det att vård- och omsorgsverksamheter ska främja äldres självständighet. Konsensus saknas gällande definitionen av begreppet självständighet trots att det är ett välanvänt begrepp. Upplevd självständighet är ett begränsat forskningsområde och det finns inget systematiskt sätt att mäta fenomenet på i dagsläget. Studien är genomförd på uppdrag av Karlstads kommun. Studiens syfte var att definiera och operationalisera upplevd självständighet och dess underdimensioner. Ett självskattningsformulär konstruerades för att att mäta upplevd självständighet hos äldre som har stöd för att klara av sin vardag. En tvärsnittsstudie användes som design där självskattningsformuläret administrerades anonym. Totalt inkluderades 94 respondenter. I resultatet framkommer självständighet består av en subjektivt aspekt och är ett viktigt komplement till de väletablerade objektiva bedömningarna på området. Självskattningsformuläret anses fånga in studiens definition av upplevd självständighet. Vidare framkommer att självskattningsformuläret består av fem komponenter: (1) Kontroll och inflytande, (2) Livskvalitet och aktiva val, (3) Skam och känslan av att få hjälp, (4) Upplevelsen av att få hjälp, samt (5) Upplevelsen av att göra saker på egen hand. Samtliga komponenter bedöms vara möjliga underdimensioner av upplevd självständighet. Slutsatsen är att äldre kan uppleva sig som självständiga, trots behov av hjälp och stöd. Att självständighet är något subjektivt mätbart och att vikt måste läggas vid den individuella upplevelsen för att se om insatser främjar upplevd självständighet., The elderly is a large and growing population that has been deprioritized for many years. Government policies, documents, and laws make it clear that care and welfare of elderly need to promote independence and self-reliance. However, there is no uniform definition of the term independence, and there is no systematic way to measure the phenomenon today. The purpose of this study was to define and operationalize subjective independence and its various sub-dimensions, and was commissioned by Karlstad Municipality. A self-assessment questionnaire was designed to measure the perceived independence of elderly who have assistance during their everyday lives. A cross-sectional study was used and the self-assessment questionnaire was administered anonymously. A total of 94 respondents participated. The result showed that independence consists of a subjective aspect, and thus, is an important complement to objective assessments of independence. The self-assessment questionnaire is considered to capture the study's definition of subjective independence. Furthermore, the study showed that the self-assessment questionnaire consisted of five components: (1) Control and influence, (2) Quality of life and active choices, (3) Shame and the feeling of getting help, (4) The experience of getting help, and (5) The experience of doing things on your own; that are possible subdimensions of subjective independence. The conclusion is that the elderly can experience themselves as being independent, despite their need of assistance in their everyday lives; and that independence is something subjectively measurable, and that emphasis must be placed on the individual experience to see if efforts promote subjective independence.

In recent years, the pan-Arctic region has experienced increasingly extreme fire seasons. Fires in the northern high latitudes are driven by current and future climate change, lightning, fuel conditions, and human activity. In this context, conceptualizing and parameterizing current and future Arctic fire regimes will be important for fire and land management as well as understanding current and predicting future fire emissions. The objectives of this review were driven by policy questions identified by the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) Working Group and posed to its Expert Group on Short-Lived Climate Forcers. This review synthesizes current understanding of the changing Arctic and boreal fire regimes, particularly as fire activity and its response to future climate change in the pan-Arctic have consequences for Arctic Council states aiming to mitigate and adapt to climate change in the north. The conclusions from our synthesis are the following. (1) Current and future Arctic fires, and the adjacent boreal region, are driven by natural (i.e. lightning) and human-caused ignition sources, including fires caused by timber and energy extraction, prescribed burning for landscape management, and tourism activities. Little is published in the scientific literature about cultural burning by Indigenous populations across the pan-Arctic, and questions remain on the source of ignitions above 70∘ N in Arctic Russia. (2) Climate change is expected to make Arctic fires more likely by increasing the likelihood of extreme fire weather, increased lightning activity, and drier vegetative and ground fuel conditions. (3) To some extent, shifting agricultural land use and forest transitions from forest–steppe to steppe, tundra to taiga, and coniferous to deciduous in a warmer climate may increase and decrease open biomass burning, depending on land use in addition to climate-driven biome shifts. However, at the country and landscape scales, these relationships are n

In recent years, the pan-Arctic region has experienced increasingly extreme fire seasons. Fires in the northern high latitudes are driven by current and future climate change, lightning, fuel conditions, and human activity. In this context, conceptualizing and parameterizing current and future Arctic fire regimes will be important for fire and land management as well as understanding current and predicting future fire emissions. The objectives of this review were driven by policy questions identified by the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) Working Group and posed to its Expert Group on Short-Lived Climate Forcers. This review synthesizes current understanding of the changing Arctic and boreal fire regimes, particularly as fire activity and its response to future climate change in the pan-Arctic have consequences for Arctic Council states aiming to mitigate and adapt to climate change in the north. The conclusions from our synthesis are the following. (1) Current and future Arctic fires, and the adjacent boreal region, are driven by natural (i.e. lightning) and human-caused ignition sources, including fires caused by timber and energy extraction, prescribed burning for landscape management, and tourism activities. Little is published in the scientific literature about cultural burning by Indigenous populations across the pan-Arctic, and questions remain on the source of ignitions above 70∘ N in Arctic Russia. (2) Climate change is expected to make Arctic fires more likely by increasing the likelihood of extreme fire weather, increased lightning activity, and drier vegetative and ground fuel conditions. (3) To some extent, shifting agricultural land use and forest transitions from forest–steppe to steppe, tundra to taiga, and coniferous to deciduous in a warmer climate may increase and decrease open biomass burning, depending on land use in addition to climate-driven biome shifts. However, at the country and landscape scales, these relationships are n

Service life planning with timber requires reliable models for quantifying the effects of exposure-related parameters and the material-inherent resistance of wood against biotic agents. The Meyer-Veltrup model was the first attempt to account for inherent protective properties and the wetting ability of wood to quantify resistance of wood in a quantitative manner. Based on test data on brown, white, and soft rot as well as moisture dynamics, the decay rates of different untreated wood species were predicted relative to the reference species of Norway spruce (Picea abies). The present study aimed to validate and optimize the resistance model for a wider range of wood species including very durable species, thermally and chemically modified wood, and preservative treated wood. The general model structure was shown to also be suitable for highly durable materials, but previously defined maximum thresholds had to be adjusted (i.e., maximum values of factors accounting for wetting ability and inherent protective properties) to 18 instead of 5 compared to Norway spruce. As expected, both the enlarged span in durability and the use of numerous and partly very divergent data sources (i.e., test methods, test locations, and types of data presentation) led to a decrease in the predictive power of the model compared to the original. In addition to the need to enlarge the database quantity and improve its quality, in particular for treated wood, it might be advantageous to use separate models for untreated and treated wood as long as the effect of additional impact variables (e.g., treatment quality) can be accounted for. Nevertheless, the adapted Meyer-Veltrup model will serve as an instrument to quantify material resistance for a wide range of wood-based materials as an input for comprehensive service life prediction software.

Snow water equivalent is the amount of water that would form if a pack of snow would melt in place. Snow water equivalent is an important variable in describing global seasonal snow cover. Traditionally, snow water equivalent has been measured manually or using observations from weather stations. These measurements have a poor spatial resolution, and a good alternative to in-situ measurements is to use spaceborne microwave observations, which can cover large areas at once. The reliability and accuracy of snow water equivalent estimates made using spaceborne microwave radiometer data can be improved by interpreting radiometer observations with snow emission models. Assimilating radiometer observations with weather station snow depth observations also improves snow water equivalent estimations. However, one source of uncertainty in retrieval using these two techniques is constant snow density used in modeling snow emissions. In this research, spatially and temporally varying snow density fields were implemented using snow survey data from eastern Europe and central Asia to see if varying snow density information would improve SWE retrieval. Implemented density fields were obtained by spatially and temporally interpolating snow survey data. Varying density information was used to post-process baseline 1979-2018 GlobSnow SWE retrieval dataset. Density information was also applied to the SWE retrieval to produce new SWE estimates for the period of 2004-2008. As a result of this research, it was found that implementing varying density improves the overestimation of SWE values happening in the baseline retrieval. However, dynamic density information does not improve the underestimation of SWE values. SWE retrieval covering the whole snow season was improved most by post-processing baseline retrieval with density fields derived using ten-year datasets, i.e., snow density for each day of the year was taken as the mean calculated for the corresponding day over ten years. Retr

Barnkonventionen har blivit lag och det ställer högre krav på kommuner och socialtjänst att tillvarata barns rättigheter. Detta gäller i synnerhet barn i samhällsvård, där det sedan länge rapporterats om missförhållanden och brister. Samtidigt är familjehemsbristen ett nationellt problem idag och kommuner har svårt att möta de ökade behoven av familjehem. Syftet med denna studie är därför att undersöka familjehemssekreterares samt familjehems erfarenheter av hur arbetet med familjehem fungerar i Umeå kommun med omnejd. Detta genom semistrukturerade, kvalitativa intervjuer med familjehemssekreterare och familjehem som sedan analyserades med hjälp av konventionell kvalitativ innehållsanalys. De huvudsakliga resultaten är att stabilitet behövs på många olika plan, såväl i socialtjänstens organisation som i själva familjehemmets situation. Ytterligare framkommer att ett gott samarbete mellan olika aktörer, inte minst mellan socialtjänsten och familjehemmen, är grundläggande för framgångsrika placeringar. Båda grupperna vittnar emellertid om att det i nuläget finns omständigheter som försvårar stabilitet och samarbete. Som exempel nämns nuvarande lagstiftnings betoning på föräldrarätten, socialtjänstens höga personalomsättning och ovisshet vid placeringar. Studiens resultat påvisar ett behov av vidare forskning kring hur framtidens familjehemsvård ska utformas för att åtgärda de brister som föreligger idag. Uppsatsens titel är ett citat från en av studiens intervjuade familjehem.

Wood decay is an economically significant process, as it is one of the major causes of wood deterioration in buildings. In this study, the decay process of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) samples caused by cellar fungus (Coniophora puteana) was followed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods. Altogether, 30 wood sample pieces were exposed to fungus for 10 weeks. Based on the decrease of the dry mass, the samples were categorized into three classes: decomposed (mass decrease 50–70%), slightly decomposed (10–50%), and nondecomposed (<10%). MRI made it possible to identify the active regions of fungus inside the wood samples based on the signal of free water brought by the fungus and arisen from the decomposition of wood carbohydrates. MRI implies that free water is not only created by the decay process, but fungal hyphae also transports a significant amount of water into the sample. Two-dimensional ¹H T₁-T₂ relaxation correlation NMR measurements provided detailed information about the changes in the microstructure of wood due to fungal decomposition. Overall, this study paves the way for noninvasive NMR and MRI detection of fungal decay at early stages as well as the related structural changes.

Barnkonventionen har blivit lag och det ställer högre krav på kommuner och socialtjänst att tillvarata barns rättigheter. Detta gäller i synnerhet barn i samhällsvård, där det sedan länge rapporterats om missförhållanden och brister. Samtidigt är familjehemsbristen ett nationellt problem idag och kommuner har svårt att möta de ökade behoven av familjehem. Syftet med denna studie är därför att undersöka familjehemssekreterares samt familjehems erfarenheter av hur arbetet med familjehem fungerar i Umeå kommun med omnejd. Detta genom semistrukturerade, kvalitativa intervjuer med familjehemssekreterare och familjehem som sedan analyserades med hjälp av konventionell kvalitativ innehållsanalys. De huvudsakliga resultaten är att stabilitet behövs på många olika plan, såväl i socialtjänstens organisation som i själva familjehemmets situation. Ytterligare framkommer att ett gott samarbete mellan olika aktörer, inte minst mellan socialtjänsten och familjehemmen, är grundläggande för framgångsrika placeringar. Båda grupperna vittnar emellertid om att det i nuläget finns omständigheter som försvårar stabilitet och samarbete. Som exempel nämns nuvarande lagstiftnings betoning på föräldrarätten, socialtjänstens höga personalomsättning och ovisshet vid placeringar. Studiens resultat påvisar ett behov av vidare forskning kring hur framtidens familjehemsvård ska utformas för att åtgärda de brister som föreligger idag. Uppsatsens titel är ett citat från en av studiens intervjuade familjehem.

Differential splicing (DS) is a post-transcriptional biological process with critical, wide-ranging effects on a plethora of cellular activities and disease processes. To date, a number of computational approaches have been developed to identify and quantify differentially spliced genes from RNA-seq data, but a comprehensive intercomparison and appraisal of these approaches is currently lacking. In this study, we systematically evaluated 10 DS analysis tools for consistency and reproducibility, precision, recall and false discovery rate, agreement upon reported differentially spliced genes and functional enrichment. The tools were selected to represent the three different methodological categories: exon-based (DEXSeq, edgeR, JunctionSeq, limma), isoform-based (cuffdiff2, DiffSplice) and event-based methods (dSpliceType, MAJIQ, rMATS, SUPPA). Overall, all the exon-based methods and two event-based methods (MAJIQ and rMATS) scored well on the selected measures. Of the 10 tools tested, the exon-based methods performed generally better than the isoform-based and event-based methods. However, overall, the different data analysis tools performed strikingly differently across different data sets or numbers of samples., Funding Agencies:European Research Council (ERC)677943Academy of Finland 296801 304995 314443 310561Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation 2-2013-32Finnish Funding Agency for Technology & Innovation (TEKES) 1877/31/2016Sigrid Juselius FoundationTurku Graduate School University of Turku Åbo Akademi University Biocenter Finland ELIXIR Finland

Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on selvittää, miten Business Intelligence (BI) vaikuttaa controllerien ja myynnin asiantuntijoiden yhteistyöhön, ja sitä kautta controllerin rooliin. Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan controllerien ja myynnin asiantuntijoiden vuorovaikutusta. Tutkimuksessa on hyödynnetty perinteistä ja modernia controllerin roolimuutoskirjallisuutta sekä ajankohtaisia tutkimuksia ja tieteellisiä artikkeleita BI:stä ja Big Datasta. Monet julkaisut käsittelevät tulevaisuuden controllerien tehtäviä ja roolin muutostarpeita esimerkiksi osaamisen kehittämisen näkökulmasta. Ajankohtaisuutensa vuoksi käytännön kirjallisuutta ei juuri ole siitä, kuinka rooli käytännössä on muuttunut uusien järjestelmien ja tekniikoiden kehittyessä. Tutkimus on toteutettu tapaustutkimuksena, johon on haastateltu kahtatoista henkilöä, jotka vaikuttavat suoraan tai välillisesti kotimaan myynnin liiketoimintaan. Haastatellut henkilöt edustavat myynnin, talouden ja tilastotieteiden asiantuntijoita tai johtajia. Haastateltavien näkemyksien perusteella tehtyjä havaintoja on peilattu teoriaan, minkä perusteella on pyritty selittämään BI:n vaikutuksia myynnin päätöksentekoon ja controllerin rooliin. Partasen (2001) roolimetaforamallia on käytetty viitekehyksenä myynnin controllerien roolikuvaukseen ja BI:n vaikutuksien selittämiseen. Tutkimuksen tulokset osoittavat, että BI vaikuttaa controllerien ja myynnin asiantuntijoiden yhteistyöhön lisäämällä datan hyödyntämismahdollisuuksia päätöksenteossa. BI:n vaikutuksesta myynnin controllerien tehtävät kehittyvät kaksoisroolista yhä enemmän bisnesanalytiikon ja/tai konsultoivan roolin suuntaan. Controllerilta odotetaan nykyistä ammattitaitoa ja ymmärtämistä liiketoiminnasta. Lisäksi häneltä odotetaan tilastotieteiden ymmärtämistä ja järjestelmäosaamista, jotta hän voi vertailla sisäisistä ja ulkoisista datalähteistä automaattisesti tehtyjä poikkeamaraportteja ja analyysejä keskenään. Tutkimus vahvistaa roolimuutoskirjallisuutta. Tämä muutos tapah, The purpose of this study is to find out how Business Intelligence (BI) affects the collaboration between controllers and sales professionals, and thus the role of the controller. The study examines the interaction between controllers and sales professionals. The study utilizes traditional and modern literature of controllers’ role-changing, as well as topical research and scientific articles regarding BI and Big Data. Many publications discuss with the future controller and his or her tasks and the need for role change with new skills. There is hardly any practical literature on how the role in practice has changed as new systems and techniques evolve due to its contemporary perspective. The research has been carried out as a case study. There has been interviewed twelve people for the study and they directly or indirectly affect domestic sales business. The interviewees represent experts or managers in sales, economics or statistics. The observations made on the basis of the interviewees' views have been compared with the theory, which has been used to explain the impact of BI on sales decision-making and the role of the controller. Partanen's (2001) role metaphor model has been used as a reference framework for describing the roles of sales controllers and explaining the effects of BI. The results of the study show that BI influences the co-operation of controllers and sales professionals by increasing the potential for data recovery in the decision-making process. As a result of the BI, the role of sales controllers is developing from dual role in the direction of increasing the business analyst and / or consulting role. Research confirms role-changing literature. The Controller is expected to have the current know-how and understanding of the business as well as the understanding of statistics and system knowledge. These skills are needed to compare the deviations analysis and make analysis of data from internal and external data source. However, this change ta