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Just as counseling approaches designed for individuals have their theory-specific techniques, family counseling approaches also have theory-specific interventions and strategies. Whatever presenting problem the family brings to counseling, one or more of four essential components (communication, problem solving, roles and boundaries) is typically an issue. This chapter presents core family counseling strategies and interventions related to those four basis components. Although each technique is placed under the component for which it is most typically used, there is much overlap in the use of these techniques and, in practice, most of the interventions can be used for any of the four components. (Contains 60 references.) (GCP)

The many forms of vasculitis are characterized by inflammation of blood vessels, leading to potentially long-term sequelae including vision loss, aneurysm formation and kidney failure. Accurate estimation of the incidence and prevalence has been hampered by the absence of reliable diagnostic criteria and the rarity of these conditions; however, much progress has been made over the past two decades, although data are still lacking from many parts of the world including the Indian subcontinent, China, Africa and South America. Giant cell arteritis occurs in those aged 50 years and over and seems to mainly affect persons of northern European ancestry, whereas Takayasu arteritis occurs mainly in those aged under 40 years. By contrast, Kawasaki disease mainly occurs in children aged under 5 years and is most common in children of Asian ancestry, and IgA vasculitis occurs in children and adolescents. Although much less common than giant cell arteritis, the different forms of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis are being increasingly recognized in most populations and occur more frequently with increasing age. Behçet syndrome occurs most commonly along the ancient silk road between Europe and China. Much work needs to be done to better understand the influence of ethnicity, geographical location, environment and social factors on the development of vasculitis.

The Theatre and Dance Platform holds a digital copy (PDF) of the archived printout in the Lucy Guerin Inc collection., Review of various Dance Massive 2017 events, including a performance from the premiere season of Lucy Guerin's Split, Arts House Town Hall, 17-26 March 2017.

The prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents worldwide has quadrupled since 1975 and is a key predictor of obesity later in life. Previous work has consistently observed relationships between macroscale measures of reward-related brain regions (e.g., the nucleus accumbens [NAcc]) and unhealthy eating behaviors and outcomes; however, the mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear. Recent work has highlighted a potential role of neuroinflammation in the NAcc in animal models of diet-induced obesity. Here, we leverage a diffusion MRI technique, restriction spectrum imaging, to probe the microstructure (cellular density) of subcortical brain regions. More specifically, we test the hypothesis that the cell density of reward-related regions is associated with obesity-related metrics and early weight gain. In a large cohort of nine- and ten-year-olds enrolled in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, we demonstrate that cellular density in the NAcc is related to individual differences in waist circumference at baseline and is predictive of increases in waist circumference after 1 y. These findings suggest a neurobiological mechanism for pediatric obesity consistent with rodent work showing that high saturated fat diets increase gliosis and neuroinflammation in reward-related brain regions, which in turn lead to further unhealthy eating and obesity.

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare inflammatory disease of unknown cause. 30% of patients have anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) specific for myeloperoxidase (MPO). Here, we describe a genome-wide association study in 676 EGPA cases and 6809 controls, that identifies 4 EGPA-associated loci through conventional case-control analysis, and 4 additional associations through a conditional false discovery rate approach. Many variants are also associated with asthma and six are associated with eosinophil count in the general population. Through Mendelian randomisation, we show that a primary tendency to eosinophilia contributes to EGPA susceptibility. Stratification by ANCA reveals that EGPA comprises two genetically and clinically distinct syndromes. MPO+ ANCA EGPA is an eosinophilic autoimmune disease sharing certain clinical features and an HLA-DQ association with MPO+ ANCA-associated vasculitis, while ANCA-negative EGPA may instead have a mucosal/barrier dysfunction origin. Four candidate genes are targets of therapies in development, supporting their exploration in EGPA.

The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study is an ongoing, nationwide study of the effects of environmental influences on behavioral and brain development in adolescents. The main objective of the study is to recruit and assess over eleven thousand 9-10-year-olds and follow them over the course of 10 years to characterize normative brain and cognitive development, the many factors that influence brain development, and the effects of those factors on mental health and other outcomes. The study employs state-of-the-art multimodal brain imaging, cognitive and clinical assessments, bioassays, and careful assessment of substance use, environment, psychopathological symptoms, and social functioning. The data is a resource of unprecedented scale and depth for studying typical and atypical development. The aim of this manuscript is to describe the baseline neuroimaging processing and subject-level analysis methods used by ABCD. Processing and analyses include modality-specific corrections for distortions and motion, brain segmentation and cortical surface reconstruction derived from structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), analysis of brain microstructure using diffusion MRI (dMRI), task-related analysis of functional MRI (fMRI), and functional connectivity analysis of resting-state fMRI. This manuscript serves as a methodological reference for users of publicly shared neuroimaging data from the ABCD Study.

The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study is an ongoing, nationwide study of the effects of environmental influences on behavioral and brain development in adolescents. The main objective of the study is to recruit and assess over eleven thousand 9-10-year-olds and follow them over the course of 10 years to characterize normative brain and cognitive development, the many factors that influence brain development, and the effects of those factors on mental health and other outcomes. The study employs state-of-the-art multimodal brain imaging, cognitive and clinical assessments, bioassays, and careful assessment of substance use, environment, psychopathological symptoms, and social functioning. The data is a resource of unprecedented scale and depth for studying typical and atypical development. The aim of this manuscript is to describe the baseline neuroimaging processing and subject-level analysis methods used by ABCD. Processing and analyses include modality-specific corrections for distortions and motion, brain segmentation and cortical surface reconstruction derived from structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), analysis of brain microstructure using diffusion MRI (dMRI), task-related analysis of functional MRI (fMRI), and functional connectivity analysis of resting-state fMRI. This manuscript serves as a methodological reference for users of publicly shared neuroimaging data from the ABCD Study.

The ABCD study is recruiting and following the brain development and health of over 10,000 9-10 year olds through adolescence. The imaging component of the study was developed by the ABCD Data Analysis and Informatics Center (DAIC) and the ABCD Imaging Acquisition Workgroup. Imaging methods and assessments were selected, optimized and harmonized across all 21 sites to measure brain structure and function relevant to adolescent development and addiction. This article provides an overview of the imaging procedures of the ABCD study, the basis for their selection and preliminary quality assurance and results that provide evidence for the feasibility and age-appropriateness of procedures and generalizability of findings to the existent literature.

Purpose: We aimed to assess the impact of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) on the management of patients with suspected large vessel vasculitis. Methods: An international expert panel determined diagnoses and clinical management in patients with suspected large vessel vasculitis, with and without the results of 18F-FDG PET, respectively. The accuracy of the clinical diagnosis and the resulting clinical management with and without the 18F-FDG PET results were compared using logistic regression models. Results: The analysis included 30 patients referred to a tertiary care centre with large vessel vasculitis and 31 controls. 18F-FDG PET had an overall sensitivity of 73.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 54.1-87.7%], a specificity of 83.9% (95% CI 66.3-94.5%), a positive predictive value of 81.5% (95% CI 61.9-93.7%) and a negative predictive value of 76.5% (95% CI 58.8-89.3%). The diagnostic accuracy of 18F-FDG PET was higher in patients not receiving immunosuppressive drugs (93.3 vs 64.5%, p = 0.006). Taken in context with other available diagnostic modalities, the addition of 18F-FDG PET increased the clinical diagnostic accuracy from 54.1 to 70.5% (p = 0.04). The addition of 18F-FDG PET increased the number of indicated biopsies from 22 of 61 patients (36.1%) to 25 of 61 patients (41.0%) and changed the treatment recommendation in 8 of 30 patients (26.7%) not receiving immunosuppressive medication and in 7 of 31 patients (22.6%) receiving immunosuppressive medication. Conclusion: 18F-FDG PET is a sensitive and specific imaging tool for large vessel vasculitis, especially when performed in patients not receiving immunosuppressive drugs. It increases the overall diagnostic accuracy and has an impact on the clinical management in a significant proportion of patients

The European League Against Rheumatism recommendations for the management of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis have been recently published. Unique to recommendation development, they were also voted on by members of a learned society. This paper explores the wider validity of the recommendations among people who self-identify as clinicians caring for patients with vasculitis. In addition to the task force, a learned society (European Vasculitis Society-EUVAS) was invited, through online survey, to rate independently the strength of evidence of each recommendation to obtain an indication of the agreement among the final target audience and ultimate end-users of the recommendations. The survey took place in June 2015. Of the 158 EUVAS members surveyed, there were 88 responses (55.7%). There was a large degree of agreement in the voting patterns between EUVAS survey participants and task force members. Notable exceptions were lower grades for the recommendation of the use of rituximab for remission induction in patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis and for methotrexate and mycophenolate mofetil as remission maintenance agents in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis/microscopic polyangiitis by EUVAS members. These results are encouraging and suggest that the voting patterns of the task force are representative of the wider vasculitis community. We recommend future recommendations adopt this approach for data/expert-based treatment guidelines, especially for multisystem diseases.

There is a need for objective imaging markers of Parkinson's disease status and progression. Positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography studies have suggested patterns of abnormal cerebral perfusion in Parkinson's disease as potential functional biomarkers. This study aimed to identify an arterial spin labelling magnetic resonance-derived perfusion network as an accessible, non-invasive alternative. We used pseudo-continuous arterial spin labelling to measure cerebral grey matter perfusion in 61 subjects with Parkinson's disease with a range of motor and cognitive impairment, including patients with dementia and 29 age- and sex-matched controls. Principal component analysis was used to derive a Parkinson's disease-related perfusion network via logistic regression. Region of interest analysis of absolute perfusion values revealed that the Parkinson's disease pattern was characterized by decreased perfusion in posterior parieto-occipital cortex, precuneus and cuneus, and middle frontal gyri compared with healthy controls. Perfusion was preserved in globus pallidus, putamen, anterior cingulate and post- and pre-central gyri. Both motor and cognitive statuses were significant factors related to network score. A network approach, supported by arterial spin labelling-derived absolute perfusion values may provide a readily accessible neuroimaging method to characterize and track progression of both motor and cognitive status in Parkinson's disease

This article constitutes a re-reading of and an attempt to rehabilitate Basil Bernstein, both of which are important in light of the interpretation of Bernstein as a proponent of the verbal deficit view, and the general discrediting of his work on social class differences in the British educational system, as related to what he later called ‘codes', by scholars like Jensen (Social class and verbal learning, Holt, 1968) and Labov (The logic of non-standard English, Georgetown University Press, 1970), in particular. Exploring whether the international criticism of Bernstein was justified entails both an analysis of articles written by Jensen (Social class and verbal learning, Holt, 1968) and Labov (The logic of non-standard English, Georgetown University Press, 1970) and by Bernstein, notably ‘Language and social class' and ‘A critique of the concept of compensatory education', both published in the first volume of Class, codes and control (Bernstein, Class, codes and control, Volume 1. Theoretical studies towards a sociology of language, Schocken Books, 1971). The article argues for the importance of contextualising Bernstein's thoughts on language and society within the socio-political climate framing his scholarship and the development of his ideas as a whole. We show that much of the interpretation of Bernstein is, in fact, a misinterpretation, for which Bernstein was only partly at fault. By rehabilitating some of Bernstein's ideas, it is possible to argue for their relevance today, especially with reference to salient connections between socio-cultural background and performance at school. Furthermore, Labov and Bernstein may not have been so far apart in their thinking as has previously been assumed

The present article argues that the social category of ‘standardisation' has been instrumental in creating a Foucaultian discourse archive governing what may and what may not be stated on the subject of the history of English. It analyses the question of how language attitudes have been instrumental in creating the myths that have driven the discourse of Standard English since the 19th century, but it goes further than this by showing how language performance, in the form of folk songs in England, has also come under this same archive of standardisation. However, in both cases, i.e. language and language performance, it is argued that a below-the-surface alternative discourse has now gained enough force to seriously challenge the doctrine of standardisation and to necessitate the formation of new discursive contents for a social concept that is in serious danger of becoming hollow and outdated

It is now 25 years since the first European studies on vasculitis--the anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) standardization project. Over that period of time, there have been major developments in the classification of the vasculitides, which has permitted the conduct of high-quality epidemiology studies. Studying the epidemiology of rare diseases such as the ANCA-associated vasculitides (AAV) poses considerable challenges to epidemiologists. The first is the need for a clear definition of a case with good differentiation from similar disorders. The second is case capture. The vasculitides are rare, and therefore, a large population is required to determine the incidence and prevalence, and this poses questions of feasibility. A large population increases the risk of incomplete case detection but permits a reasonable number of cases to be collected in a practicable time frame, whereas a smaller population requires a much longer time frame to collect the necessary cases, which may also not be feasible. Statistical methods of capture-recapture analysis enable estimates to be made of the number of missing cases. The third is case ascertainment. The AAV are virtually always managed in secondary care, and therefore, hospital-based case ascertainment may be appropriate. Fourthly, the rarity of the conditions makes prospective case-control studies investigating risk factors difficult to conduct because the population size required to achieve statistical confidence is in excess of that which is readily available. Thus, much of the data on risk factors are derived from retrospective studies with inherent potential bias.

In addressing foundational perspectives, proponents of the current positive psychology movement typically identify Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, and Gordon Allport as precursors and ancestors. This article demonstrates that the Individual Psychology of Alfred Adler preceded the aforementioned ancestors of positive psychology and could be viewed as the original positive psychology. Following a brief overview of key ideas from Adler’s Individual Psychology, the authors specifically address two foundational tenets of Adler’s theory that particularly resonate with those from positive psychology and then address more broadly the remarkable common ground between Adler’s mature theoretical ideas and the positive psychology movement.

Catalyzed H2O2 propagations (CHP) is the in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) process with the most robust chemistry and potential for contaminant destruction. However, hydrogen peroxide is unstable in the subsurface and as a result, CHP use has decreased in favor of activated persulfate as an ISCO reagent. Recent advances have been made in stabilizing hydrogen peroxide in the presence of subsurface solids. The addition of sodium citrate, sodium malonate, and sodium phytate can potentially slow hydrogen peroxide decomposition rates by up to 50 fold. The optimal implementation of these stabilizers for use in CHP field applications is detailed in this guidance document., Prepared in cooperation with ERM Inc., Ewing, NJ.

The Letters from settlers and labouring emigrants stem from a digitized edition of a contemporary letter edition made by the New Zealand Company with the obvious aim of advertising life in the newly established colony and thus attracting further migrants to their cause. The editing process is more than likely to have had a homogenizing effect on the language of the letters. The aim of the paper is to describe the degree of variability that is still found in these letters and to assess their suitability as a source of information for the history of written New Zealand English. To assess the editorial influence as a homogenizing factor in the New Zealand letters, a two-pronged approach is taken: (a) a micro-level comparison of variability in existing autographs from New Zealand from a later period with comparable letters from the Wakefield settlements, and (b) a macro-level comparison of variability in contemporary letters from America of emigrants from Lancashire, the so-called Cherry Valley Chronicles.

BACKGROUND less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanAntineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis is a severe condition encompassing two major syndromes: granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly known as Wegeners granulomatosis) and microscopic polyangiitis. Its cause is unknown, and there is debate about whether it is a single disease entity and what role ANCA plays in its pathogenesis. We investigated its genetic basis. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMETHODS less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanA genomewide association study was performed in a discovery cohort of 1233 U. K. patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis and 5884 controls and was replicated in 1454 Northern European case patients and 1666 controls. Quality control, population stratification, and statistical analyses were performed according to standard criteria. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanRESULTS less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanWe found both major-histocompatibility-complex (MHC) and non-MHC associations with ANCA-associated vasculitis and also that granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis were genetically distinct. The strongest genetic associations were with the antigenic specificity of ANCA, not with the clinical syndrome. Anti-proteinase 3 ANCA was associated with HLA-DP and the genes encoding alpha(1)-antitrypsin (SERPINA1) and proteinase 3 (PRTN3) (P = 6.2x10(-89), P = 5.6x10(-12), and P = 2.6x10(-7), respectively). Anti-myeloperoxidase ANCA was associated with HLA-DQ (P = 2.1x10(-8)). less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanCONCLUSIONS less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanThis study confirms that the pathogenesis of ANCA-associated vasculitis has a genetic component, shows genetic distinctions between granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis that are associated with ANCA specificity, and suggests that the response against the autoantigen proteinase 3 is, Funding Agencies|British Heart Foundation|SP/09/001/27117|Wellcome Trust|083650/Z/07/Z|National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centres of Cambridge, Imperial College, and Manchester||Medical Research Council||Kidney Research UK||West Anglia Comprehensive Local Research Network||Norfolk and Suffolk Comprehensive Local Research Network||German Research Foundation|KFO170|European Union|CP-FP 261382

A fundamental study was conducted to investigate the activation and persistence of persulfate in the subsurface with the overlying objective of evaluating the potential for contact between the oxidant source and contaminants. Mechanistic investigation of persulfate activation by naturally occurring iron oxides, manganese oxides, clay minerals, trace minerals, base, iron chelates, and organic compounds was investigated using reaction specific probe compounds hydroxyl radical and sulfate radical scavengers, and electron spin resonance spectroscopy. In addition, the effect of activated persulfate formulations on the permeability and morphology of subsurface minerals and subsurface solids was investigated using falling head permeameters, xray computed tomography, x-ray diffraction, and surface area analysis. Diffusion and transport of different persulfate formulations into low permeability matrices was investigated using specially designed soil columns filled with kaolinite and a low permeability soil. Results of activation studies showed that most minerals do not activate persulfate particularly in the concentrations commonly found in the subsurface. Iron chelate-activated persulfate and base-activated persulfate generate hydroxyl radical, sulfate radical, and reductants and provide the basis for widespread treatment of different classes of contaminants in the subsurface. Many organic compounds activate persulfate including phenoxides and ketones. Because soil organic matter contains phenolic and ketonic moieties, it is a potent activator of persulfate. Depending on the acidity of the soil organic matter, it may activate persulfate with minimal addition of base. Persulfate formulations have varied effects on subsurface morphology.

Objectives. Deicers currently used for aircraft deicing, including ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, pose significant threats to surface waters. Oxidized starch may provide a less toxic deicer with lower biochemical oxygen demand. The objectives of this research were to 1) evaluate freezing point depression of different starch formulations, 2) determine the biological oxygen demand and aquatic toxicity of the most effective formulation, and 3) to provide a preliminary evaluation of compatibility of oxidized starch solutions with aircraft materials. Technical Approach. Starch solutions were oxidized using hydrogen peroxide and catalysts. The oxidized starch solutions were evaluated for freezing point depression and post-treated to reduce viscosity. The most effective formulation was then evaluated for oxidation products, corrosivity, aquatic toxicity, and biochemical oxygen demand. Results. Freezing point depression of oxidized starch formulations ranged from 19.7 to 28 C; viscosities similar to those of commercially available deicers were after post-treatment with granular activated carbon. Oxidized starch exerted a BOD5 up to six times lower than glycol deicers; toxicity was greater than pure propylene glycol but lower than propylene glycol deicer formulations. Corrosion testing indicated compatibility with aerospace materials in most cases. Organic acids were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry as the primary constituents in the oxidized starch solution and their sodium salts are likely responsible for freezing point depression. Benefits. The proposed deicing system would provide effective aircraft deicing while exerting minimal environmental effects (e.g., lower toxicity to aquatic organisms and lower biochemical oxygen demand). Furthermore, these deicers could be made from waste starch, promoting sustainability within DoD.

Objectives The systemic vasculitides are multiorgan diseases where early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve outcomes. Robust nomenclature reduces diagnostic delay. However, key aspects of current nomenclature are widely perceived to be out of date, these include disease definitions, classification and diagnostic criteria. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to identify deficiencies and provide contemporary points to consider for the development of future definitions and criteria in systemic vasculitis. Methods The expert panel identified areas of concern within existing definitions/criteria. Consequently, a systematic literature review was undertaken looking to address these deficiencies and produce ‘points to consider’ in accordance with standardised European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) operating procedures. In the absence of evidence, expert consensus was used. Results There was unanimous consensus for re-evaluating existing definitions and developing new criteria. A total of 17 points to consider were proposed, covering 6 main areas: biopsy, laboratory testing, diagnostic radiology, nosology, definitions and research agenda. Suggestions to improve and expand current definitions were described including the incorporation of anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody and aetiological factors, where known. The importance of biopsy in diagnosis and exclusion of mimics was highlighted, while equally emphasising its problems. Thus, the role of alternative diagnostic tools such as MRI, ultrasound and surrogate markers were also discussed. Finally, structures to develop future criteria were considered. Conclusions Limitations in current classification criteria and definitions for vasculitis have been identified and suggestions provided for improvement. Additionally it is proposed that, in combination with the updated evidence, these should form the basis of future attempts to develop and validate revised criteria and definitions of vasculitis.

Proteins are made from 19 aa and, curiously, one N-alkylamino acid ("imino acid"), proline (Pro). Pro is thought to be incorporated by the translation apparatus at the same rate as the 19 aa, even though the alkyl group in Pro resides directly on the nitrogen nucleophile involved in peptide bond formation. Here, by combining quench-flow kinetics and charging of tRNAs with cognate and noncognate amino acids, we find that Pro incorporates in translation significantly more slowly than Phe or Ala and that other N-alkylamino acids incorporate much more slowly. Our results show that the slowest step in incorporation of N-alkylamino acids is accommodation/peptidyl transfer after GTP hydrolysis on EF-Tu. The relative incorporation rates correlate with expectations from organic chemistry, suggesting that amino acid sterics and basicities affect translation rates at the peptidyl transfer step. Cognate isoacceptor tRNAs speed Pro incorporation to rates compatible with in vivo, although still 3-6 times slower than Phe incorporation from Phe-tRNA(Phe) depending on the Pro codon. Results suggest that Pro is the only N-alkylamino acid in the genetic code because it has a privileged cyclic structure that is more reactive than other N-alkylamino acids. Our data on the variation of the rate of incorporation of Pro from native Pro-tRNA(Pro) isoacceptors at 4 different Pro codons help explain codon bias not accounted for by the "tRNA abundance" hypothesis.

This article constitutes a re-reading of and an attempt to rehabilitate Basil Bernstein, both of which are important in light of the interpretation of Bernstein as a proponent of the verbal deficit view, and the general discrediting of his work on social class differences in the British educational system, as related to what he later called ‘codes’, by scholars like Jensen (Social class and verbal learning, Holt, 1968) and Labov (The logic of non-standard English, Georgetown University Press, 1970), in particular. Exploring whether the international criticism of Bernstein was justified entails both an analysis of articles written by Jensen (Social class and verbal learning, Holt, 1968) and Labov (The logic of non-standard English, Georgetown University Press, 1970) and by Bernstein, notably ‘Language and social class’ and ‘A critique of the concept of compensatory education’, both published in the first volume of Class, codes and control (Bernstein, Class, codes and control, Volume 1. Theoretical studies towards a sociology of language, Schocken Books, 1971). The article argues for the importance of contextualising Bernstein's thoughts on language and society within the socio-political climate framing his scholarship and the development of his ideas as a whole. We show that much of the interpretation of Bernstein is, in fact, a misinterpretation, for which Bernstein was only partly at fault. By rehabilitating some of Bernstein's ideas, it is possible to argue for their relevance today, especially with reference to salient connections between socio-cultural background and performance at school. Furthermore, Labov and Bernstein may not have been so far apart in their thinking as has previously been assumed.

Many documents exist in both paper and electronic forms. Paper has many well-known advantages, but electronic texts often contain useful information that is not easily accessible from printed paper versions. SGML texts, in particular, are rich sources of additional information. The Active Alice project shows how a reader can use a paper document to access information from its corresponding electronic version without having to manipulate the electronic version via a separate computer interface. The project makes use of a DigitalDesk. This is an ordinary desk augmented with a video camera and computer-driven projector. The camera captures images of the pages on the desk and detects simple user actions such as pointing to specific words on a page. The images are used to associate the pages with their SGML counterparts. Information from the SGML versions can then be conveyed directly to the reader via information projected onto the page or onto other areas of the desk. The project takes its name from the example text used—a version of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.

Data were collected at four U.S. Navy and Marine Corps bases to evaluate bioventing technology efficacy in removing low-volatility fuels from subsurface soils and the groundwater table. These sites have soil contamination attributed to spills or leaks of fuels having low vapor pressures and very low water solubilities, such as JP-5 jet fuel, diesel fuel, #6 fuel oil (bunker fuel), waste oil, and lubricants. The major contaminant studied is JP-5 jet fuel, a kerosene distillate fraction similar to commercial jet fuel A., Prepaed in collaboration with Battelle, Columbus,OH and Washington State University (Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering), Pullman, WA.

The effect of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration on the biological treatment of contaminated soils collected from NAS Patuxent River, MD fuel farm was investigated in closed-shake flasks as a basis for future full- scale in situ biological treatment. Soil samples with a TPH concentration of 2, 000 mg/Kg were mixed with uncontaminated sand to provide a concentration gradient from 180 to 1,570 mg/Kg TPH. Biological treatment experiments resulted in degradation of hydrocarbons to below detectable levels within 61 days for samples with TPH concentrations of = or < 490 mg/ Kg. In samples with TPH concentrations of = or >830 mg/Kg, biological treatment resulted in minimal TPH loss over the study period. Specific substrate utilization rates decreased and specific growth rates were not significantly different with increasing TPH concentrations. The data show that microbial growth processes during the logarithmic growth phase were not inhibited at higher TPH concentrations. However, mass transfer limitations and/or toxicity from metabolities formed during logarithmic growth may have caused a decline in microbial numbers resulting in undegraded petroleum residuals in the systems with initial TPH concentrations of = or >830 mg/Kg. In an attempt to increase biological degradation rates, soil samples with an initial TPH concentration of 2,000 mg/Kg were amended with methanol. Treatment with the added methanol resulted in greater TPH degradation over a 34-day period relative to control treatments. Venting of sand and peat soils was investigated to assess the amount of hydrocarbons removed from the vadose zone.

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has initiated a program devoted to the characterization of soft x-ray optics at the wavelength of use. Although NIST has an operational XUV characterization facility which it is using to make measurements for users across the country, that facility suffers from several deficiencies that will limit its usefulness in the coming years. Therefore, we are constructing an improved monochromator/ reflectometer beamline that will upgrade and extend our XUV measurement capabilities. We will describe the optical properties of the new monochromator and discuss the state of the design of the the new reflectometer. The monochromator is based on a varied line spaced plane grating that uses simple optical elements in a fixed entrance slit/fixed exit slit geometry. Important features of the new instrument include high throughput, simple wavelength scanning resolutions in excess of 1000, and the ability to characterize large (in excess of 30 cm diameter) optical surfaces with small radii of curvature.

SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

30 continuous tone images, Soldier from Adrian, Michigan who served as Captain in the Seventeenth Michigan Infantry during the Civil War; later acting assistant adjutant general at the time of trial of the assassins of Abraham Lincoln., Reminiscences of the incarceration, trial, and execution of the alleged conspirators in the assassination of President Lincoln., (dlps) 2011447.0001.001, (callno) mf409, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html

30 continuous tone images, Soldier from Adrian, Michigan who served as Captain in the Seventeenth Michigan Infantry during the Civil War; later acting assistant adjutant general at the time of trial of the assassins of Abraham Lincoln., Reminiscences of the incarceration, trial, and execution of the alleged conspirators in the assassination of President Lincoln., (dlps) 2011447.0001.001, (callno) mf409, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html

Bibliography: p. [225]-231, Includes indexes