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Das Goethe-Institut hat 2015 ein zentrales, stipendienbasiertes Programm zur Vermittlung von kurzzeitigen Schulpraktika für Lehramtsstudierende und junge Lehrkräfte an vom Goethe-Institut betreuten Schulen im Ausland mit dem Fokus auf Studierende der MINT-Fächer aufgelegt (https://www.goethe.de/schulwaerts). Das Ziel des Praktikums besteht darin, die Förderung der durch das Goethe-Institut betreuten Schulen im Ausland nachhaltiger zu gestalten und die Internationalisierung der deutschen Lehrerausbildung zu unterstützen. Gefördert wird SCHULWÄRTS! durch das Auswärtige Amt sowie die Praktikumsaufenthalte in China und der Türkei durch die Stiftung Mercator. Bewerben können sich deutschlandweit Lehramtsstudierende aller Studienformen und -gänge, Referendare und junge Lehrkräfte aller Fächerkombinationen und Schulformen. Eine wissenschaftlich fundierte Evaluation wird durchgeführt und anschließend veröffentlicht. Folglich kann zum aktuellen Zeitpunkt nur auf subjektive Erfahrungen der SCHULWÄRTS!-Stipendiaten zurückgegriffen werden. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Einblick in die Programm- und Seminarstrukturen von SCHULWÄRTS! und fungiert als Praxisbericht.

The molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis have been intensely studied, but many genes that control endothelial behavior and fate still need to be described. Here, we characterize the role of Apold1 (Apolipoprotein L domain containing 1) in angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro. Single-cell analyses reveal that - across tissues - the expression of Apold1 is restricted to the vasculature and that Apold1 expression in endothelial cells (ECs) is highly sensitive to environmental factors. Using Apold1$^{-/-}$ mice, we find that Apold1 is dispensable for development and does not affect postnatal retinal angiogenesis nor alters the vascular network in adult brain and muscle. However, when exposed to ischemic conditions following photothrombotic stroke as well as femoral artery ligation, Apold1$^{-/-}$ mice display dramatic impairments in recovery and revascularization. We also find that human tumor endothelial cells express strikingly higher levels of Apold1 and that Apold1 deletion in mice stunts the growth of subcutaneous B16 melanoma tumors, which have smaller and poorly perfused vessels. Mechanistically, Apold1 is activated in ECs upon growth factor stimulation as well as in hypoxia, and Apold1 intrinsically controls EC proliferation but not migration. Our data demonstrate that Apold1 is a key regulator of angiogenesis in pathological settings, whereas it does not affect developmental angiogenesis, thus making it a promising candidate for clinical investigation.

The commonly observed absorption around 265 nm in AlN is hampering the outcoupling efficiency of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) emitting in the UV-C regime. Carbon impurities in the nitrogen sublattice (CN) of AlN are believed to be the origin of this absorption. A specially tailored experiment using a combination of ion implantation of boron, carbon, and neon with subsequent high-temperature annealing allows to separate the influence of intrinsic point defects and carbon impurities regarding this absorption. Herein, the presented results reveal the relevance of the intrinsic nitrogen-vacancy defect VN. This is in contradiction to the established explanation based on CN defects as the defect causing the 265 nm absorption and will be crucial for further UV-LED improvement. Finally, in this article, a new interpretation of the 265 nm absorption is introduced, which is corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) results from the past decade, which are reviewed and discussed based on the new findings.

Hydrogenation is a promising technique to prepare black TiO2 (H-TiO2) for solar water splitting, however, there remain limitations such as severe preparation conditions and underexplored hydrogenation mechanisms to inefficient hydrogenation and poor photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance to be overcome for practical applications. Here, a room-temperature and rapid plasma hydrogenation (RRPH) strategy that realizes low-energy hydrogen ions of below 250 eV to fabricate H-TiO2 nanorods with controllable disordered shell, outperforming incumbent hydrogenations, is reported. The mechanisms of efficient RRPH and enhanced PEC activity are experimentally and theoretically unraveled. It is discovered that low-energy hydrogen ions with fast subsurface transport kinetics and shallow penetration depth features, enable them to directly penetrate TiO2 via unique multiple penetration pathways to form controllable disordered shell and suppress bulk defects, ultimately leading to improved PEC performance. Furthermore, the hydrogenation-property experiments reveal that the enhanced PEC activity is mainly ascribed to increasing band bending and bulk defect suppression, compared to reported H-TiO2, a superior photocurrent density of 2.55 mA cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE is achieved. These findings demonstrate a sustainable strategy which offers great promise of TiO2 and other oxides to achieve further-improved material properties for broad practical applications. © 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

The acute stress response mobilizes energy to meet situational demands and re-establish homeostasis. However, the underlying molecular cascades are unclear. Here, we use a brief swim exposure to trigger an acute stress response in mice, which transiently increases anxiety, without leading to lasting maladaptive changes. Using multiomic profiling, such as proteomics, phospho-proteomics, bulk mRNA-, single-nuclei mRNA-, small RNA-, and TRAP-sequencing, we characterize the acute stress-induced molecular events in the mouse hippocampus over time. Our results show the complexity and specificity of the response to acute stress, highlighting both the widespread changes in protein phosphorylation and gene transcription, and tightly regulated protein translation. The observed molecular events resolve efficiently within four hours after initiation of stress. We include an interactive app to explore the data, providing a molecular resource that can help us understand how acute stress impacts brain function in response to stress.

Recent research into miniaturized illumination sources has prompted the development of alternative microscopy techniques. Although they are still being explored, emerging nano-light-emitting-diode (nano-LED) technologies show promise in approaching the optical resolution limit in a more feasible manner. This work presents the exploration of their capabilities with two different prototypes. In the first version, a resolution of less than 1 µm was shown thanks to a prototype based on an optically downscaled LED using an LED scanning transmission optical microscopy (STOM) technique. This research demonstrates how this technique can be used to improve STOM images by oversampling the acquisition. The second STOM-based microscope was fabricated with a 200 nm GaN LED. This demonstrates the possibilities for the miniaturization of on-chip-based microscopes.

Chronic stress exposure in adolescence can lead to a lasting change in stress responsiveness later in life and is associated with increased mental health issues in adulthood. Here we investigate whether the Chronic Social Instability (CSI) paradigm influences the behavioral and molecular responses to novel acute stressors in mice, and whether it alters physiological responses influenced by the noradrenergic system. Using large cohorts of mice, we show that CSI mice display a persistent increase in exploratory behaviors in the open field test alongside small but widespread transcriptional changes in the ventral hippocampus. However, both the transcriptomic and behavioral responses to novel acute stressors are indistinguishable between groups. In addition, the pupillometric response to a tail shock, known to be mediated by the noradrenergic system, remains unaltered in CSI mice. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography analysis of monoaminergic neurotransmitter levels in the ventral hippocampus also shows no differences between control or CSI mice at baseline or in response to acute stress. We conclude that CSI exposure during adolescence leads to persistent changes in exploratory behavior and gene expression in the hippocampus, but it does not alter the response to acute stress in adulthood and is unlikely to alter the function of the noradrenergic system.

One approach to improve the photoelectrochemical solar water splitting performance of photoanodes based on oxynitride perovskite particles is through increasing the active surface area which allows the generation of more electron-hole pairs that contribute in the water reduction and oxidation reactions. In this study, we explore the pros and cons of downstream laser fragmentation as a method to increase the specific surface area of oxynitride particles and highlight the important issues that must be considered for effective solar water splitting. The synthesis of particles with a high surface area of up to 32.4 m(2) g(-1) is demonstrated. Furthermore, the fragmented oxynitrides revealed lower absorbance values, a blue shift in the absorption edge and a higher background absorbance. These observations, in addition to the lower crystalline quality of the fragmented oxynitrides, were attributed to the loss of N content during fragmentation and the formation of secondary phases. The photoanodes based on the fragmented particles showed lower photocurrents than those prepared from the unfragmented particles even though the surface area was increased. The decrease in photoactivity was ascribed to the presence of more grain boundaries in the fragmented oxynitride photoanodes which leads to more recombinations of the photogenerated carriers. Interestingly, after seven fragmentation passages, the photocurrent starts to increase again due to the formation of an amorphous layer which improves the transport of the photogenerated carriers., QC 20220923

Herein, the optical properties of aluminum nitride (AlN) epitaxial layers grown on sapphire substrates by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) are reported. The structures investigated in this study are grown at highly different degrees of supersaturation in the MOCVD process. In addition, both pulsed and continuous growth conditions are employed and AlN is deposited on nucleation layers favoring different polarities. The samples are investigated by photoluminescence (PL), photoluminescence excitation (PLE), and absorption spectroscopy and are found to vary significantly in absorption and emission characteristics. Two distinct absorption bands in the UV-C spectral range are observed and examined in greater detail, with either giving rise to a significant absorption coefficient of around 1000 cm−1. The corresponding defect transitions are identified by PL spectroscopy. Combined with secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) measurements, these absorption bands are allocated to the incorporation of carbon and oxygen impurities, depending on the applied growth conditions. Furthermore, similarities with other epitaxial growth techniques serving as basis for UV-C applications are highlighted. These results are highly relevant for a better understanding of absorption issues in AlN templates grown by various deposition techniques. In addition, consequences for the growth of efficient UV-C devices by MOCVD on sapphire substrates are outlined.

Når vuggestuer, børnehaver og skoler åbner igen efter at have været lukket som følge af coronakrisen, er der tale om en helt ny situation, vi ikke har prøvet før. Børn, forældre og personale kan have mange spørgsmål og bekymringer. Hvordan ruster vi pædagoger og lærere til at tale med børnene om den alvorlige situation? Hvad skal vi huske, når vi rådgiver dem til at håndtere nervøse forældre? Og hvordan kan psykologer bidrage til genåbningen? Det er blot nogle af de ting, der kan være gode at få opfrisket eller få inspiration til. Derfor har Dansk Psykolog Forenings Corona-ekspertpanel udarbejdet en værktøjskasse med gode råd til dig som psykolog, der arbejder med børn, forældre, lærere og pædagoger. Vi har udvalgt tre centrale temaer, du kan læse om i denne folder. Teksterne er skrevet af eksperter på området.

Black TiO2 has demonstrated a great potential for a variety of renewable energy technologies. However, its practical application is heavily hindered due to lack of efficient hydrogenation methods and a deeper understanding of hydrogenation mechanisms. Here, a simple and straightforward hot wire annealing (HWA) method is presented to prepare black TiO2 (H–TiO2) nanorods with enhanced photo-electrochemical (PEC) activity by means of atomic hydrogen [H]. Compared to conventional molecular hydrogen approaches, the HWA shows remarkable effectiveness without any detrimental side effects on the device structure, and simultaneously the photocurrent density of H–TiO2 reaches 2.5 mA cm−2 (at 1.23 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)). Due to the controllable and reproducible [H] flux, the HWA can be developed as a standard hydrogenation method for black TiO2. Meanwhile, the relationships between the wire temperatures, structural, optical, and photo-electrochemical properties are systematically investigated to verify the improved PEC activity. Furthermore, the density functional theory (DFT) study provides a comprehensive insight not only into the highly efficient mechanism of the HWA approach but also its favorably low-energy-barrier hydrogenation pathway. The findings will have a profound impact on the broad energy applications of H–TiO2 and contribute to the fundamental understanding of its hydrogenation. © 2019 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

During the last decades, Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) has received increasing local and global attention as a period and means to enhance in particular students’ academic learning. As such, ECEC has become part of the global investment in learning, and the global competition on knowledge. This renewed attention has in effect led ECECs to redirect their practices in an attempt to align with the overall political goals. This is particularly visible in the application of evidence-based educational methods and programs, which promise certain desirable learning outcomes. Implicitly, State policy goals are expected to operate as developmental goals of the single child or group of children. In this chapter, the question of evidence is investigated by focusing on the developmental implications of the political and practical efforts on the children living in the ECEC arrangements. Children’s development is approached through the concepts of personal engagement and life concerns with and in the world. Foundational to this approach is that developmental processes do not occur bypassing the developing person and his/her sociocultural life. Thus, the perspective emphasises the dynamic relation between the personal and collective level of culture as an inseparable analytical unit, while conceptualising development as a personal mode of being in this relation. Based on an empirical analysis of Danish children´s life in ECEC, it is argued that the current credo of evidence should reconsider its focus by building methodologies (rather than methods), which are sensitive to the cultural dynamics which constitutes the units in children´s construction of a cultural life course.

Nanoparticles, especially from carbon, have great potential in biomedicine. However, prior to clinical use, biocompatibility and biodistribution of these nanoobjects have to be assessed. Currently, particle detection is mostly based on surface-bound labels, inevitably altering materials' properties by surface modification. Further obstacles include bleaching, dissociation of labels from the surface, weak emission of fluorophores due to insufficient tissue opacity or hampered light penetration or the need for specific excitation wavelengths. These characteristics greatly constrain employment of such nanoparticles to address complex analytical questions. To overcome these drawbacks, the use of intrinsic structural features of nanoobjects is highly desirable: the particle surface remains unchanged and the nanoobject exhibits its innate behavior. Thus, for sensitive detection and quantification, labels should be incorporated in the nanoparticle core, thereby avoiding cleavage and warranting unchanged surface characteristics. The incorporation of clinically approved radionuclide P-32 into the lattice of nanodiamond particles using highly defined ion implantation is described here. The properties, uptake, and biodistribution are studied in vivo, in the developing hen's egg model (hen's egg test on chorioallantoic membrane assay). It is found that P-32 labeling of diamond nanoparticles allows their reliable localization and sensitive quantification in a cost efficient, highly reliable, and safe way using available autoradiographic devices and analytical methods.

Die Quanten- und Nanometrologie (QUANOMET) verfolgt die methodische Weiterentwicklung und Innovation immer präziserer und empfindlicherer Messverfahren und ist eine von drei Forschungslinien eines Wissenschaftsbündnisses zwischen der Leibniz Universität Hannover und der Technischen Universität Braunschweig. Wissenschaftler beider Hochschulen berichten, wie das Projekt entstanden ist und welche Ziele es hat.

Investigations of children’s development as persons are conspicuous by their absence in developmental psychology. Building on central concepts in the work of William Stern and James Mark Baldwin, such as experience, tensions, convergence, persistent imitation and sembling, we propose to draw a basic frame for such an investigation. The empirical investigation concerns five 13-year-old children and their experience of their life-worlds and –time, and their experience of developing as persons. Based on an empirical analysis we extend the perspective of Stern and Baldwin to include a broader conceptualization of the collective level involved in the construction of the persons’ cultural life courses. By doing so, we wish to emphasize that the development of a person only maintains a status of being personal if the conceptualization takes into account the simultaneous and complementary processes which operate to cultivate the life courses – generating a ground from where they can be lived and transformed in personally meaningful ways.

Formålet med artiklen er at invitere til dialog mellem børneklinisk, almen udviklingspsykologisk og almen pædagogisk praksis med henblik på forebyggelse af angst hos børn. Artiklen forsøger at begrebsliggøre og videreudvikle kvaliteter ved den almene pædagogiske praksis i relation til børneklinisk viden. Udgangspunktet for dialogen er anerkendelse de to praksissers forskellige kvaliteter og bidrag og et ønske om at skabe komplementære indsatser i forhold til reduktion af angst i børnelivet. Vi håber med denne artikels diskussion at komme nærmere en afklaring af hvordan en tidlig almen pædagogisk indsats kan virke angstforebyggende.

Functionalizing polymer scaffolds with nanodiamond particles (nDPs) has pronounced effect on the surface properties, such as improved wettability, an increased active area and binding sites for cellular attachment and adhesion, and increased ability to immobilize biomolecules by physical adsorption. This study aims to evaluate the effect of poly(l-lactide-co-e-caprolactone) (poly(LLA-co-CL)) scaffolds, functionalized with nDPs, on bone regeneration in a rat calvarial critical size defect. Poly(LLA-co-CL) scaffolds functionalized with nDPs are also compared with pristine scaffolds with reference to albumin adsorption and seeding efficiency of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Compared with pristine scaffolds, the experimental scaffolds exhibit a reduction in albumin adsorption and a significant increase in the seeding efficiency of BMSCs (p = 0.027). In the calvarial defects implanted with BMSC-seeded poly(LLA-co-CL)/ nDPs scaffolds, live imaging at 12 weeks discloses a significant increase in osteogenic metabolic activity (p = 0.016). Microcomputed tomography, confirmed by histological data, reveals a substantial increase in bone volume (p = 0.021). The results show that compared with conventional poly(LLA-co-CL) scaffolds those functionalized with nDPs promote osteogenic metabolic activity and mineralization capacity. It is concluded that poly(LLA-co-CL) composite matrices functionalized with nDPs enhance osteoconductivity and therefore warrant further study as potential scaffolding material for bone tissue engineering., QC 20170807

One of the major challenges in bone tissue engineering is adequate vascularization within bone substituents for nutrients and oxygen supply. In this study, the production and results of a new, highly functional bone construct consisting of a commercial three-dimensional beta-tricalcium phosphate scaffold (beta-TCP, ChronOS (R)) and hydrophilic, functionalized nanodiamond (ND) particles are reported. A 30-fold increase in the active surface area of the ChronOS + ND scaffold was achieved after modification with ND. In addition, immobilization of angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) via physisorption within the beta-TCP + ND scaffold retained the bioactivity of the growth factor. Homogeneous distribution of the ND and Ang-1 within the core of the three-dimensional scaffold was confirmed using ND covalently labelled with Oregon Green. The biological responses of the beta-TCP + ND scaffold with and without Ang-1 were studied in a sheep calvaria critical size defect model showing that the beta-TCP + ND scaffold improved the blood vessel ingrowth and the beta-TCP + ND + ND + Ang-1 scaffold further promoted vascularization and new bone formation. The results demonstrate that the modification of scaffolds with tailored diamond nanoparticles is a valuable method for improving the characteristics of bone implants and enables new approaches in bone tissue engineering.

Recently, colored H-doped TiO2 (H-TiO2) has demonstrated enhanced photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance due to its unique crystalline core—disordered shell nanostructures and consequent enhanced conduction behaviors between the core-shell homo-interfaces. Although various hydrogenation approaches to obtain H-TiO2 have been developed, such as high temperature hydrogen furnace tube annealing, high pressure hydrogen annealing, hydrogen-plasma assisted reaction, aluminum reduction and electrochemical reduction etc., there is still a lack of a hydrogenation approach in a controlled manner where all processing parameters (temperature, time and hydrogen flux) were precisely controlled in order to improve the PEC performance of H-TiO2 and understand the physical insight of enhanced PEC performance. Here, we report for the first time a controlled and local rapid thermal annealing (RTA) approach to prepare hydrogenated core-shell H-TiO2 nanorods grown on F:SnO2 (FTO) substrate in order to address the degradation issue of FTO in the typical TiO2 nanorods/FTO system observed in the conventional non-RTA treated approaches. Without the FTO degradation in the RTA approach, we systematically studied the intrinsic relationship between the annealing temperature, structural, optical, and photoelectrochemical properties in order to understand the role of the disordered shell on the improved photoelectrochemical behavior of H-TiO2 nanorods. Our investigation shows that the improvement of PEC performance could be attributed to (i) band gap narrowing from 3.0 to 2.9 eV; (ii) improved optical absorption in the visible range induced by the three-dimensional (3D) morphology and rough surface of the disordered shell; (iii) increased proper donor density; (iv) enhanced electron–hole separation and injection efficiency due to the formation of disordered shell after hydrogenation. The RTA approach developed

In this chapter we investigate the role of children’s engagements in pedagogical practices within the field of center-based child care. Based on a historical analysis, it is argued that children’s engagements have played a central and crucial part throughout the varied pedagogical approaches that make up the Danish tradition and its pedagogical methodologies and practices. Yet, due to a strong present-day educational perspective within the center-based child care, along with the application of standardized and evidence-based programs and evaluations, the pedagogical tradition is fundamentally challenged and changing. We argue that the pedagogical transition at its core consists of a change from being grounded in the local living, and the concrete existence of the subjects being, to a more global perspective that draws on context-free and universal technologies. Through empirical investigations of such standardized practices, potential developmental implications are discussed and related to international research within the field. From a cultural life course perspective, it is argued that the pedagogical change at present creates an internal paradox because the standardized pedagogical practices with a “proven” effect always are an effect within a uniquely configured cultural life course. This is more or less explicitly noted by pedagogical staff as well and expressed with ambivalence toward these changes. Such ambivalence can point to synthesis and practice development. A methodology is suggested which focuses on the production of collective spheres of meaning-making and how these spheres, in the person’s everyday life, become meaningful parts of the persons’ cultural course of living.

By adapting a cultural life course perspective, we wish to emphasize the existential dimension of the individual life course lived with others, in a moldable socio-cultural world. We aim at investigating the role of persistent imitation within the cultural life course; in this presentation we analyze interview data from persons, 13 years of age. In the late 18th century James Mark Baldwin introduced the notion of persistent imitation as a basic developmental principle within his theoretical program of ‘genetic developmental science’. Since then, the conceptualization has inspired many developmental thinkers (e.g. Vygotsky, Valsiner) and played an important part in their theory development. Yet, it lives a miserable life in mainstream developmental psychology, where imitation most often is understood as transfer of knowledge and functions by simply copying the other. Such an approach excludes the core attention of Baldwin’s conceptualization towards the personal processes of maintaining and becoming as subjective 18 being. In our presentation we seek to re-construct dynamics of persistent imitation in the course of living and propose a developmental ontology in which engagement, resistance and recognition are fundamental movements in the development and existence of being a person. By placing persistent imitation within the construction of Cultural Life Course we are attempting to relate the analytical levels of micro-, meso- and ontogenesis., By adapting a cultural life course perspective, we wish to emphasize the existential dimension of the individual life course lived with others, in a moldable socio-cultural world. We aim at investigating the role of persistent imitation within the cultural life course; in this presentation we analyze interview data from persons, 13 years of age. In the late 18th century James Mark Baldwin introduced the notion of persistent imitation as a basic developmental principle within his theoretical program of ‘genetic developmental science’. Since then, the conceptualization has inspired many developmental thinkers (e.g. Vygotsky, Valsiner) and played an important part in their theory development. Yet, it lives a miserable life in mainstream developmental psychology, where imitation most often is understood as transfer of knowledge and functions by simply copying the other. Such an approach excludes the core attention of Baldwin’s conceptualization towards the personal processes of maintaining and becoming as subjective being. In our presentation we seek to re-construct dynamics of persistent imitation in the course of living and propose a developmental ontology in which engagement, resistance and recognition are fundamental movements in the development and existence of being a person. By placing persistent imitation within the construction of Cultural Life Course we are attempting to relate the analytical levels of micro-, meso-and ontogenesis.

Over the last decades the Danish Day-care service has undergone dramatic changes, based on the inclusion of an educational perspective, with a strong emphasis on learning-orientated practices. As a counter reaction, various researchers have made an ethical argument against this focus on education and the becoming of the child. Instead, they have called for attention towards the child as a being, underlining the importance of children´s current life and well-being. However, both approaches are conceptualized based on a substance ontology which emphasizes the present and permanent aspect of the phenomenon. Building on this credo of presence children are enframed (Ge-Stell) as object´s, “which” states of being varies - either depending on the qualities of the environment in which they are placed or on their place in the line of development. Through such kinds of enframing, the essence of children´s being and becoming is revealed, respectively as the “true” environmental sources of being (well) or as the “true” line of transformation for the line of becoming. In this presentation, children´s being within the ECEC is investigated from a developmental perspective which draws on existential ideas aiming at synthesizing the being and becomingness of children´s life. The purpose of such a synthesis is to develop a conceptual framework which could guide research and practitioners. The theoretical discussion will be anchored in empirical material from an ongoing participatory research project, which for a period of two years has investigated the institutional life of children and pedagogical staff in four day-car centers., Over the last decades the Danish Day-care service has undergone dramatic changes, based on the inclusion of an educational perspective, with a strong emphasis on learning-orientated practices. As a counter reaction, various researchers have made an ethical argument against this focus on education and the becoming of the child. Instead, they have called for attention towards the child as a being, underlining the importance of children´s current life and well-being. However, both approaches are conceptualized based on a substance ontology which emphasizes the present and permanent aspect of the phenomenon. Building on this credo of presence children are enframed (Ge-Stell) as object´s, “which” states of being varies - either depending on the qualities of the environment in which they are placed or on their place in the line of development. Through such kinds of enframing, the essence of children´s being and becoming is revealed, respectively as the “true” environmental sources of being (well) or as the “true” line of transformation for the line of becoming. In this presentation, children´s being within the ECEC is investigated from a developmental perspective which draws on existential ideas aiming at synthesizing the being and becomingness of children´s life. The purpose of such a synthesis is to develop a conceptual framework which could guide research and practitioners. The theoretical discussion will be anchored in empirical material from an ongoing participatory research project, which for a period of two years has investigated the institutional life of children and pedagogical staff in four day-car centers.

Building on cultural psychology and taking inspiration from the George Simmel’s work, this introduction considers resistance as an act of human and societal creativity and thus as developmental at its core. Resistance can be local, such as fleeting moments in one person’s life, or a collective and historical revolt. The chapters in this section introduce this variety.

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This book is about resistance in everyday life, illustrated through empirical contexts from different parts of the world. Resistance is a widespread phenomenon in biological, social and psychological domains of human cultural development. Yet, it is not well articulated in the academic literature and, when it is, resistance is most often considered counter-productive. Simple evaluations of resistance as positive or negative are avoided in this volume; instead it is conceptualised as a vital process for human development and well-being. While resistance is usually treated as an extraordinary occurrence, the focus here is on everyday resistance as an intentional process where new meaning constructions emerge in thinking, feeling, acting or simply living with others. Resistance is thus conceived as a meaning-making activity that operates at the intersection of personal and collective systems. The contributors deal with strategies for handling dissent by individuals or groups, specifically dissent through resistance. Resistance can be a location of intense personal, interpersonal and cultural negotiation, and that is the primary reason for interest in this phenomenon. Ordinary life events contain innumerable instances of agency and resistance. This volume discusses their manifestations, and it is therefore of interest for academics and researchers of cultural psychology, cultural studies, anthropology, sociology, and human development.

This book is about resistance in everyday life, illustrated through empirical contexts from different parts of the world. Resistance is a widespread phenomenon in biological, social and psychological domains of human cultural development. Yet, it is not well articulated in the academic literature and, when it is, resistance is most often considered counter-productive. Simple evaluations of resistance as positive or negative are avoided in this volume; instead it is conceptualised as a vital process for human development and well-being. While resistance is usually treated as an extraordinary occurrence, the focus here is on everyday resistance as an intentional process where new meaning constructions emerge in thinking, feeling, acting or simply living with others. Resistance is thus conceived as a meaning-making activity that operates at the intersection of personal and collective systems. The contributors deal with strategies for handling dissent by individuals or groups, specifically dissent through resistance. Resistance can be a location of intense personal, interpersonal and cultural negotiation, and that is the primary reason for interest in this phenomenon. Ordinary life events contain innumerable instances of agency and resistance. This volume discusses their manifestations, and it is therefore of interest for academics and researchers of cultural psychology, cultural studies, anthropology, sociology, and human development.

In this chapter, we investigate imagination in children’s pretend play in a cultural life course perspective. This perspective underlines the relation between play and the cultivated and personalized life of the players. It points to the processes in which meaning making takes place through play: imaginative playing transcends the immediate context of the play and feeds back to the player as engaged an being-in-the-world with others, contributing to the directionality of the cultural life course on social as well as personal levels. Whereas play is generally recognized as an important developmental vehicle of children, it tends to connote a childish or immature behavior when applied to adult behavior and is often replaced with terms such as “creativity.” We will investigate this relation, partly as a scientific and societal discourse of what it means to be a child or an adult, and partly as a developmental process of imagination.

This study aimed to evaluate the tumorigenic potential of functionalising poly(LLA-co-CL) scaffolds. The copolymer scaffolds were functionalised with nanodiamonds (nDP) or with nDP and physisorbed BMP-2 (nDP-PHY) to enhance osteoinductivity. Culturing early neoplastic dysplastic keratinocytes (DOKLuc) on nDP modified scaffolds reduced significantly their subsequent sphere formation ability and decreased significantly the cells' proliferation in the supra-basal layers of in vitro 3D oral neoplastic mucosa (3D-OT) when compared to DOKLuc previously cultured on nDP-PHY scaffolds. Using an in vivo non-invasive environmentally-induced oral carcinogenesis model, nDP scaffolds were observed to reduce bioluminescence intensity of tumours formed by DOKLuc + carcinoma associated fibroblasts (CAF). nDP modification was also found to promote differentiation of DOKLuc both in vitro in 3D-OT and in vivo in xenografts formed by DOKLuc alone. The nDP-PHY scaffold had the highest number of invasive tumours formed by DOKLuc + CAF outside the scaffold area compared to the nDP and control scaffolds. In conclusion, in vitro and in vivo results presented here demonstrate that nDP modified copolymer scaffolds are able to decrease the tumorigenic potential of DOKLuc, while confirming concerns for the therapeutic use of BMP-2 for reconstruction of bone defects in oral cancer patients due to its tumour promoting capabilities., QC 20160524

The aim is to evaluate the effect of modifying poly[(L-lactide)-co-(epsilon-caprolactone)] scaffolds (PLCL) with nanodiamonds (nDP) or with nDP+physisorbed BMP-2 (nDP+BMP-2) on in vivo host tissue response and degradation. The scaffolds are implanted subcutaneously in Balb/c mice and retrieved after 1, 8, and 27 weeks. Molecular weight analysis shows that modified scaffolds degrade faster than the unmodified. Gene analysis at week 1 shows highest expression of proinflammatory markers around nDP scaffolds; although the presence of inflammatory cells and foreign body giant cells is more prominent around the PLCL. Tissue regeneration markers are highly expressed in the nDP+BMP-2 scaffolds at week 8. A fibrous capsule is detectable by week 8, thinnest around nDP scaffolds and at week 27 thickest around PLCL scaffolds. mRNA levels of ALP, COL1 alpha 2, and ANGPT1 are signifi cantly upregulating in the nDP+BMP-2 scaffolds at week 1 with ectopic bone seen at week 8. Even when almost 90% of the scaffold is degraded at week 27, nDP are observable at implantation areas without adverse effects. In conclusion, modifying PLCL scaffolds with nDP does not aggravate the host response and physisorbed BMP-2 delivery attenuates infl ammation while lowering the dose of BMP-2 to a relatively safe and economical level., QC 20160427

Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit dem Einfluss einer hyperthermischen Stickstoffionenbestrahlung (Ekin < 25 eV) auf das Galliumnitrid-Schichtwachstum. Dabei wird insbesondere der Einfluss einer Oberflächenrekonstruktion, einer Strukturierung der Oberfläche, einer Zwischenschicht (Pufferschicht) und der Einfluss verschiedener Siliziumsubstratorientierungen auf das epitaktische Wachstum von dünnen Galliumnitrid-Schichten nach einer hyperthermischen Stickstoffionenbestrahlung diskutiert. Ziel war es, möglichst dünne, epitaktische und defektarme Galliumnitrid-Schichten zu erhalten. Für die Charakterisierung der Galliumnitrid-Schichten und der Siliziumsubstrate standen diverse Analysemethoden zur Verfügung. Die kristalline Oberflächenstruktur konnte während des Wachstums mittels Reflexionsbeugung hochenergetischer Elektronen beobachtet werden. Nachfolgend wurde die Oberflächentopografie, die kristalline Struktur und Textur, sowie die optischen Eigenschaften der Galliumnitrid-Schichten mittels Rasterkraftmikroskopie, Röntgenstrahl-Diffraktometrie, hochauflösender Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie und Photolumineszenzspektroskopie untersucht.

Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit dem Einfluss einer hyperthermischen Stickstoffionenbestrahlung (Ekin < 25 eV) auf das Galliumnitrid-Schichtwachstum. Dabei wird insbesondere der Einfluss einer Oberflächenrekonstruktion, einer Strukturierung der Oberfläche, einer Zwischenschicht (Pufferschicht) und der Einfluss verschiedener Siliziumsubstratorientierungen auf das epitaktische Wachstum von dünnen Galliumnitrid-Schichten nach einer hyperthermischen Stickstoffionenbestrahlung diskutiert. Ziel war es, möglichst dünne, epitaktische und defektarme Galliumnitrid-Schichten zu erhalten. Für die Charakterisierung der Galliumnitrid-Schichten und der Siliziumsubstrate standen diverse Analysemethoden zur Verfügung. Die kristalline Oberflächenstruktur konnte während des Wachstums mittels Reflexionsbeugung hochenergetischer Elektronen beobachtet werden. Nachfolgend wurde die Oberflächentopografie, die kristalline Struktur und Textur, sowie die optischen Eigenschaften der Galliumnitrid-Schichten mittels Rasterkraftmikroskopie, Röntgenstrahl-Diffraktometrie, hochauflösender Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie und Photolumineszenzspektroskopie untersucht.

A core-shell geometry is employed for most next-generation, three-dimensional opto-electric devices based on III–V semiconductors and grown by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). Controlling the shape of the shell layers is fundamental for device optimization, however no detailed analysis of the influence of growth conditions has been published to date. We study homogeneous arrays of gallium nitride core-shell microrods with height and diameter in the micrometer range and grown in a two-step selective area MOVPE process. Changes in shell shape and homogeneity effected by deliberately altered shell growth conditions were accurately assessed by digital analysis of high-resolution scanning electron microscope images. Most notably, two temperature regimes could be established, which show a significantly different behavior with regard to material distribution. Above 900 °C of wafer carrier temperature, the shell thickness along the growth axis of the rods was very homogeneous, however variations between vicinal rods increase. In contrast, below 830 °C the shell thickness is higher close to the microrod tip than at the base of the rods, while the lateral homogeneity between neighboring microrods is very uniform. This temperature effect could be either amplified or attenuated by changing the remaining growth parameters such as reactor pressure, structure distance, gallium precursor, carrier gas composition and dopant materials. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed with respect to GaN decomposition as well as the surface and gas phase diffusion of growth species, leading to an improved control of the functional layers in next-generation 3D V–III devices.

A low dose of 1 mu g rhBMP-2 was immobilised by four different functionalising techniques on recently developed poly(L-lactide)-co-(epsilon-caprolactone) [(poly(LLA-co-CL)] scaffolds. It was either (i) physisorbed on unmodified scaffolds [PHY], (ii) physisorbed onto scaffolds modified with nanodiamond particles [nDP-PHY], (iii) covalently linked onto nDPs that were used to modify the scaffolds [nDP-COV] or (iv) encapsulated in microspheres distributed on the scaffolds [MICS]. Release kinetics of BMP-2 from the different scaffolds was quantified using targeted mass spectrometry for up to 70 days. PHY scaffolds had an initial burst of release while MICS showed a gradual and sustained increase in release. In contrast, NDP-PHY and nDP-COV scaffolds showed no significant release, although nDP-PHY scaffolds maintained bioactivity of BMP-2. Human mesenchymal stem cells cultured in vitro showed upregulated BMP-2 and osteocalcin gene expression at both week 1 and week 3 in the MICS and nDP-PHY scaffold groups. These groups also demonstrated the highest BMP-2 extracellular protein levels as assessed by ELISA, and mineralization confirmed by Alizarin red. Cells grown on the PHY scaffolds in vitro expressed collagen type 1 alpha 2 early but the scaffold could not sustain rhBMP-2 release to express mineralization. After 4 weeks post-implantation using a rat mandible critical-sized defect model, micro-CT and Masson trichrome results showed accelerated bone regeneration in the PHY, nDP-PHY and MICS groups. The results demonstrate that PHY scaffolds may not be desirable for clinical use, since similar osteogenic potential was not seen under both in vitro and in vivo conditions, in contrast to nDP-PHY and MICS groups, where continuous low doses of BMP-2 induced satisfactory bone regeneration in both conditions. The nDP-PHY scaffolds used here in critical-sized bone defects for the first time appear to have promise compared to growth factors adsorbed onto a polymer alone and the shor, QC 20150306

Severe phase separation was observed in blending nanodiamond particle (n-DP) in poly (L-lactide-co-e-caprolactone) (poly(LLA-co-CL)) scaffold. In this study we optimized the scaffold by the addition of 1-50% (w/w) polylactide modified n-DP (n-DP-PLA) or benzoquinone-modified n-DP (n-DP-BQ). Composed by 10% n-DP-PLA, composite had 6 times higher E-modulus in tensile test, whereas the maximum reinforcement can be higher than 15 times. However, n-DP-BQ composites conserved the mechanical properties, and thermal properties of the polymer substrate. The attachment, spreading and growth of UE7T13 cells on modified n-DP composites were similar to poly(LLA-co-CL), and independent to n-DP concentrations. In summary, a proper modified n-DP is the key to reinforce poly(LLA-co-CL) for tissue engineering., QC 20150508. Updated from manuscript to article in journal.

Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei are the etiologic agents of melioidosis and glanders, respectively. These bacteria are highly infectious via the respiratory route and can cause severe and often fatal diseases in humans and animals. Both species are considered potential agents of biological warfare; they are classified as category B priority pathogens. Currently there are no human or veterinary vaccines available against these pathogens. Consequently efforts are directed towards the development of an efficacious and safe vaccine. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an immunodominant antigen and potent stimulator of host immune responses. B. mallei express LPS that is structurally similar to that expressed by B. pseudomallei, suggesting the possibility of constructing a single protective vaccine against melioidosis and glanders. Previous studies of others have shown that antibodies against B. mallei or B. pseudomallei LPS partially protect mice against subsequent lethal virulent Burkholderia challenge. In this study, we evaluated the protective efficacy of recombinant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium SL3261 expressing B. mallei O antigen against lethal intranasal infection with Burkholderia thailandensis, a surrogate for biothreat Burkholderia spp. in a murine model that mimics melioidosis and glanders. All vaccine-immunized mice developed a specific antibody response to B. mallei and B. pseudomallei O antigen and to B. thailandensis and were significantly protected against challenge with a lethal dose of B. thailandensis. These results suggest that live-attenuated SL3261 expressing B. mallei O antigen is a promising platform for developing a safe and effective vaccine.

This work reports on the growth of (In, Ga)N core−shell micro pillars by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy using an ordered array of GaN cores grown by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy as a template. Upon (In, Ga)N growth, core−shell structures with emission at around 3.0 eV are formed. Further, the fabrication of a core−shell pin structure is demonstrated.

From an existential perspective development is not something occurring bypassing the developing child. Children engage with the world and through this ongoing engagement priorities emerge. Hence, the child’s engagement in and with the world points back to the child, to what the child is and what this child is not yet, but might become. Danish pedagogical practice has had a long tradition of being sensitive to the engagements of children, but this tradition has recently been challenged by the introduction of standardized evidence based teaching practice. What happens when the pedagogical practice resist the engagements of children? How does the introduction of global learning efforts and goals affect the child, not just as a young learner but as a developing person? Our empirical work focuses on interaction between Danish preschool children and their pedagogues. We will investigate these challenges and potentials to children’s development with a specific focus on resistance in the personal spheres of experiences.

The prevailing design approaches of semiconductor gas sensors struggle to overcome most of their current limitations such as poor selectivity, and high power consumption. Herein, a new sensing concept based on devices that are capable of detecting gases without the need of any external power sources required to activate interaction of gases with sensor or to generate the sensor read out signal. Based on the integration of complementary functionalities (namely; powering and sensing) in a singular nanostructure, self-sustained gas sensors will be demonstrated. Moreover, a rational methodology to design organic surface functionalization that provide high selectivity towards single gas species will also be discussed. Specifically, theoretical results, confirmed experimentally, indicate that precisely tuning of the sterical and electronic structure of sensor material/organic interfaces can lead to unprecedented selectivity values, comparable to those typical of bioselective processes. Finally, an integrated gas sensor that combine both the self-powering and selective detection strategies in one single device will also be presented. © 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)