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We present the current state of the art in micro-transfer printing for heterogeneously integrated silicon photonic integrated circuits. The versatility of the technology is highlighted, as is the way ahead to make this technology a key enabler for next-generation photonic systems-on-chip., SCOPUS: sh.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

In the context of the rapid development of large language models, we have meticulously trained and introduced the GujiBERT and GujiGPT language models, which are foundational models specifically designed for intelligent information processing of ancient texts. These models have been trained on an extensive dataset that encompasses both simplified and traditional Chinese characters, allowing them to effectively handle various natural language processing tasks related to ancient books, including but not limited to automatic sentence segmentation, punctuation, word segmentation, part-of-speech tagging, entity recognition, and automatic translation. Notably, these models have exhibited exceptional performance across a range of validation tasks using publicly available datasets. Our research findings highlight the efficacy of employing self-supervised methods to further train the models using classical text corpora, thus enhancing their capability to tackle downstream tasks. Moreover, it is worth emphasizing that the choice of font, the scale of the corpus, and the initial model selection all exert significant influence over the ultimate experimental outcomes. To cater to the diverse text processing preferences of researchers in digital humanities and linguistics, we have developed three distinct categories comprising a total of nine model variations. We believe that by sharing these foundational language models specialized in the domain of ancient texts, we can facilitate the intelligent processing and scholarly exploration of ancient literary works and, consequently, contribute to the global dissemination of China's rich and esteemed traditional culture in this new era., Comment: 22pages,0 figure

The academic literature of social sciences records human civilization and studies human social problems. With its large-scale growth, the ways to quickly find existing research on relevant issues have become an urgent demand for researchers. Previous studies, such as SciBERT, have shown that pre-training using domain-specific texts can improve the performance of natural language processing tasks. However, the pre-trained language model for social sciences is not available so far. In light of this, the present research proposes a pre-trained model based on the abstracts published in the Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) journals. The models, which are available on GitHub (https://github.com/S-T-Full-Text-Knowledge-Mining/SSCI-BERT), show excellent performance on discipline classification, abstract structure-function recognition, and named entity recognition tasks with the social sciences literature., Comment: 24 pages,2 figures

This study conducted batch and continuous tests to reveal the feasibility of corn stover biochar on improving anaerobic digestion of primary sludge (PS). Dosing biochar (1.82, 2.55 and 3.06 g/g Total Solids (TS)) in digester improved methane content increasing from 67.5% to 81.3–87.3% and enhanced methane production by 8.6–17.8%. Model analysis indicated that biochar accelerated PS hydrolysis and enhanced methane potential of PS. The mechanistic studies showed that biochar enhanced process stability provided by strong buffering capacity and alleviated NH3 inhibition. In continuous test over 116 days, the volatile solids (VS) destruction in the biochar-dosed digester increased by 14.9%, resulting in a 14% reduction in the volume of digestate for disposal. Biochar changed microbial community in an expected direction for anaerobic digestion. This work suggests that biochar technology would apply to co-digestion of WAS and PS to maximize the energy recovery and sludge reduction from the two sludge streams.

Free nitrous acid (FNA) exerts a broad range of antimicrobial effects on bacteria, although susceptibility varies considerably among microorganisms. Among nitrifiers found in activated sludge of wastewater treatment processes (WWTPs), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) are more susceptible to FNA compared to ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). This selective inhibition of NOB over AOB in WWTPs bypasses nitrate production and improves the efficiency and costs of the nitrogen removal process in both the activated sludge and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) system. However, the molecular mechanisms governing this atypical tolerance of AOB to FNA have yet to be understood. Herein we investigate the varying effects of the antimicrobial FNA on activated sludge containing AOB and NOB using an integrated metagenomics and label-free quantitative sequential windowed acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion mass spectra (SWATH-MS) metaproteomic approach. The Nitrosomonas genus of AOB, on exposure to FNA, maintains internal homeostasis by upregulating a number of known oxidative stress enzymes, such as pteridine reductase and dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase. Denitrifying enzymes were upregulated on exposure to FNA, suggesting the detoxification of nitrite to nitric oxide. Interestingly, proteins involved in stress response mechanisms, such as DNA and protein repair enzymes, phage prevention proteins, and iron transport proteins, were upregulated on exposure to FNA. In addition enzymes involved in energy generation were also upregulated on exposure to FNA. The total proteins specifically derived from the NOB genus Nitrobacter was low and, as such, did not allow for the elucidation of the response mechanism to FNA exposure. These findings give us an understanding of the adaptive mechanisms of tolerance within the AOB Nitrosomonas to the biocidal agent FNA.

Hydrogenotrophic denitrification is a novel and sustainable process for nitrogen removal, which utilizes hydrogen as electron donor and carbon dioxide as carbon source. Recent studies have shown that nitrous oxide (N2O), a highly undesirable intermediate and potent greenhouse gas, can accumulate during this process. In this work, a new mathematical model is developed to describe nitrogen oxides dynamics, especially N2O, during hydrogenotrophic denitrification for the first time. The model describes electron competition among the four steps of hydrogenotrophic denitrification through decoupling hydrogen oxidation and nitrogen reduction processes using electron carriers, in contrast to the existing models that couple these two processes and also do not consider N2O accumulation. The developed model satisfactorily describes experimental data on nitrogen oxides dynamics obtained from two independent hydrogenotrophic denitrifying cultures under various hydrogen and nitrogen oxides supplying conditions, suggesting the validity and applicability of the model. The results indicated that N2O accumulation would not be intensified under hydrogen limiting conditions, due to the higher electron competition capacity of N2O reduction in comparison to nitrate and nitrite reduction during hydrogenotrophic denitrification. The model is expected to enhance our understanding of the process during hydrogenotrophic denitrification and the ability to predict N2O accumulation.

The deposit has Pb and Zn reserves of more than 300 000 tones and occurs in fine debris and carbonate rocks within the northwestern Xihe-Chenxian Devonian basin. Orebodies are irregular in form and are controlled by NW-trending faults along or near the interface between upper thick limestone and lower sandstone, with most being hosted by limestone intercalated with breccias. Sulphide orebodies are mainly composed of galena, sphalerite, calcite and minor amounts of pyrite and marcasite, with no quartz. The sulphide minerals are fine-grained and concentrically-banded in form and exhibit a colloform, framboidal, and subordinately micro-fossil textures. The deposit is an epithermal deposit hosted by carbonate rocks and is similar to Mississippi Valley-Type type deposits., The deposit has Pb and Zn reserves of more than 300 000 tones and occurs in fine debris and carbonate rocks within the northwestern Xihe-Chenxian Devonian basin. Orebodies are irregular in form and are controlled by NW-trending faults along or near the interface between upper thick limestone and lower sandstone, with most being hosted by limestone intercalated with breccias. Sulphide orebodies are mainly composed of galena, sphalerite, calcite and minor amounts of pyrite and marcasite, with no quartz. The sulphide minerals are fine-grained and concentrically-banded in form and exhibit a colloform, framboidal, and subordinately micro-fossil textures. The deposit is an epithermal deposit hosted by carbonate rocks and is similar to Mississippi Valley-Type type deposits.

Radiometric dating and isotope analysis indicate an age for the deposit consistent with that of the Dashan granite and an ore-forming fluid derived mainly from magmatic and geothermal water. The background Au value of Middle to Upper Devonian sediments in the Lixian-Minxian area where the deposit is located is higher than values of the sedimentary cover and upper crust of the western Qinling Mountains in general. It is thought that the Zhongchuan granite provided the heat source and the main water source for Au mineralisation, circulation of the fluid through the Devonian sediments giving rise to the ore-forming solution and early structures acting as a conduit to later deposit-controlling structures., Radiometric dating and isotope analysis indicate an age for the deposit consistent with that of the Dashan granite and an ore-forming fluid derived mainly from magmatic and geothermal water. The background Au value of Middle to Upper Devonian sediments in the Lixian-Minxian area where the deposit is located is higher than values of the sedimentary cover and upper crust of the western Qinling Mountains in general. It is thought that the Zhongchuan granite provided the heat source and the main water source for Au mineralisation, circulation of the fluid through the Devonian sediments giving rise to the ore-forming solution and early structures acting as a conduit to later deposit-controlling structures.

Xiaogouli, Gansu, differs in many ways from the Carlin-type deposits of the Qinling orogenic belt. Au-bearing quartz lodes with visible and coarse-grained gold up to 3 mm in diameter extend through mid-Devonian siltstones, phyllites and silicalites. The ores consist of pyrite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite and galena. Well developed dykes commonly constitute the footwall and hangingwall of the orebodies. Radiometric dating, stable isotope analysis, trace element geochemistry, and the mineralogy and texture of spots in the Au-bearing rocks indicate that the Dashan granite was closely related to the deposit, providing its heat source, water source and part of its ore-forming material., Xiaogouli, Gansu, differs in many ways from the Carlin-type deposits of the Qinling orogenic belt. Au-bearing quartz lodes with visible and coarse-grained gold up to 3 mm in diameter extend through mid-Devonian siltstones, phyllites and silicalites. The ores consist of pyrite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite and galena. Well developed dykes commonly constitute the footwall and hangingwall of the orebodies. Radiometric dating, stable isotope analysis, trace element geochemistry, and the mineralogy and texture of spots in the Au-bearing rocks indicate that the Dashan granite was closely related to the deposit, providing its heat source, water source and part of its ore-forming material.

The studies show that albite in the deposit, which is in the northern part of the Fengtai orefield, formed volcanically and was recrystallised by metamorphism. This indicates that volcanic sedimentation was an important prerequisite for the formation of large gold deposits in the area; an important prospecting indicator seems to be the association of albite-bearing silicolites, phyllites and limestones., The studies show that albite in the deposit, which is in the northern part of the Fengtai orefield, formed volcanically and was recrystallised by metamorphism. This indicates that volcanic sedimentation was an important prerequisite for the formation of large gold deposits in the area; an important prospecting indicator seems to be the association of albite-bearing silicolites, phyllites and limestones.

A study was made of 22 large and over 40 medium-sized Cu deposits in eastern China. It was found that accretion of continental crust around several older massifs had led to the migration of large-scale Cu metallisation towards the margins of the old plates, so that the large deposits are mostly located along platform margins, accretionary fold belts and intracontinental faulted downwarping belts. The Mesozoic was the most important of the six major ore-forming epochs, followed by the Late and Middle Proterozoic. Among the nine deposit types porphyry deposits are most significant, although much smaller in size and quantity than those of western America. Others are submarine sediment-hosted massive sulphides, skarn deposits, volcanic-hosted massive sulphides, Cu-Ni deposits, subaerial hydrothermal sedimentary-type and subvolcanic hydrothermal vein-type deposits. Of the nine metallogenic provinces and prospects delineated, the most important are the Lower Yangtze depressive zone, Jiangnan axis and Xikang-Yunnan axis., A study was made of 22 large and over 40 medium-sized Cu deposits in eastern China. It was found that accretion of continental crust around several older massifs had led to the migration of large-scale Cu metallisation towards the margins of the old plates, so that the large deposits are mostly located along platform margins, accretionary fold belts and intracontinental faulted downwarping belts. The Mesozoic was the most important of the six major ore-forming epochs, followed by the Late and Middle Proterozoic. Among the nine deposit types porphyry deposits are most significant, although much smaller in size and quantity than those of western America. Others are submarine sediment-hosted massive sulphides, skarn deposits, volcanic-hosted massive sulphides, Cu-Ni deposits, subaerial hydrothermal sedimentary-type and subvolcanic hydrothermal vein-type deposits. Of the nine metallogenic provinces and prospects delineated, the most important are the Lower Yangtze depressive zone, Jiangnan axis and Xikang-Yunnan axis.

Pb-Zn(-Cu) and Fe mineralisation in the Chinese deposits is found in brecciated zones in three rock sequences consisting of sandstone and overlying carbonate rocks, which seem to act as palaeoaquifers. The richest ore bodies occur at fault intersections. Sparry dolomitisation appears around sulphide minerals, which include galena, sphalerite, some chalcopyrite and minor pyrite. The ores can be divided into two types: brecciated, consisting of coarse galena, sphalerite, minor euhedral pyrite, haematite and sparry dolomite; and dispersed sulphides with fine-grained pyrite and some sphalerite occurring as colloforms and framboids. Geological and S isotope studies suggest that there were two types of ore fluids, and their mixing was an important factor in mineralisation. One type was reduced fluid containing isotopically light S and the other was oxidised fluid containing abundant metals with isotopically high S. The middle palaeoaquifer between the Devonian and Carboniferous is thought to be suitable for prospecting, with brecciation being an important indicator for exploration., Pb-Zn(-Cu) and Fe mineralisation in the Chinese deposits is found in brecciated zones in three rock sequences consisting of sandstone and overlying carbonate rocks, which seem to act as palaeoaquifers. The richest ore bodies occur at fault intersections. Sparry dolomitisation appears around sulphide minerals, which include galena, sphalerite, some chalcopyrite and minor pyrite. The ores can be divided into two types: brecciated, consisting of coarse galena, sphalerite, minor euhedral pyrite, haematite and sparry dolomite; and dispersed sulphides with fine-grained pyrite and some sphalerite occurring as colloforms and framboids. Geological and S isotope studies suggest that there were two types of ore fluids, and their mixing was an important factor in mineralisation. One type was reduced fluid containing isotopically light S and the other was oxidised fluid containing abundant metals with isotopically high S. The middle palaeoaquifer between the Devonian and Carboniferous is thought to be suitable for prospecting, with brecciation being an important indicator for exploration.

The ore-forming materials of Yingdonggou Au-Ag-Pb-Zn deposit, Xujiapo Au-Ag-Te deposit and Beiyangou gold-bearing quartz vein deposits have the characteristics of a deep source; the fluids are metamorphic fluids and a mixture of a small quantity of magmatic water and meteoric water. Ore forming material and ore-forming fluids of the Donggoubar Au-Ag-Pb-Zn-barite deposit have characteristics of multiple sources., The ore-forming materials of Yingdonggou Au-Ag-Pb-Zn deposit, Xujiapo Au-Ag-Te deposit and Beiyangou gold-bearing quartz vein deposits have the characteristics of a deep source; the fluids are metamorphic fluids and a mixture of a small quantity of magmatic water and meteoric water. Ore forming material and ore-forming fluids of the Donggoubar Au-Ag-Pb-Zn-barite deposit have characteristics of multiple sources.