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1. The Sedimentary Geochemistry and Paleoenvironments Project

Author

Farrell, Úna C., Samawi, Rifaat, Anjanappa, Savitha, Klykov, Roman, Adeboye, Oyeleye O., Agic, Heda, Ahm, Anne-Sofie C., Boag, Thomas H., Bowyer, Fred, Brocks, Jochen J., Brunoir, Tessa N., Canfield, Donald E., Chen, Xiaoyan, Cheng, Meng, Clarkson, Matthew O., Cole, Devon B., Cordie, David R., Crockford, Peter W., Cui, Huan, Dahl, Tais W., Mouro, Lucas D., Dewing, Keith, Dornbos, Stephen Q., Drabon, Nadja, Dumoulin, Julie A., Emmings, Joseph F., Endriga, Cecilia R., Fraser, Tiffani A., Gaines, Robert R., Gaschnig, Richard M., Gibson, Timothy M., Gilleaudeau, Geoffrey J., Gill, Benjamin C., Goldberg, Karin, Guilbaud, Romain, Halverson, Galen P., Hammarlund, Emma U., Hantsoo, Kalev G., Henderson, Miles A., Hodgskiss, Malcolm S. W., Horner, Tristan J., Husson, Jon M., Johnson, Benjamin, Kabanov, Pavel, Keller, C. Brenhin, Kimmig, Julien, Kipp, Michael A., Knoll, Andrew H., Kreitsmann, Timmu, Kunzmann, Marcus, Kurzweil, Florian, LeRoy, Matthew A., Li, Chao, Lipp, Alex G., Loydell, David K., Lu, Xinze, Macdonald, Francis A., Magnall, Joseph M., Mänd, Kaarel, Mehra, Akshay, Melchin, Michael J., Miller, Austin J., Mills, N. Tanner, Mwinde, Chiza N., O'Connell, Brennan, Och, Lawrence M., Ossa Ossa, Frantz, Pagès, Anais, Paiste, Kärt, Partin, Camille A., Peters, Shanan E., Petrov, Peter, Playter, Tiffany L., Plaza-Torres, Stephanie, Porter, Susannah M., Poulton, Simon W., Pruss, Sara, Richoz, Sylvain, Ritzer, Samantha R., Rooney, Alan D., Sahoo, Swapan K., Schoepfer, Shane D., Sclafani, Judith A., Shen, Yanan, Shorttle, Oliver, Slotznick, Sarah P., Smith, Emily F., Spinks, Sam, Stockey, Richard G., Strauss, Justin V., Stüeken, Eva E., Tecklenburg, Sabrina, Thomson, Danielle, Tosca, Nicholas J., Uhlein, Gabriel J., Vizcaíno, Maoli N., Wang, Huajian, White, Tristan, Wilby, Philip R., Woltz, Christina R., Wood, Rachel A., Xiang, Lei, Yurchenko, Inessa A., Zhang, Tianran, Planavsky, Noah J., Lau, Kimberly V., Johnston, David T., Sperling, Erik A., Farrell, Úna C., Samawi, Rifaat, Anjanappa, Savitha, Klykov, Roman, Adeboye, Oyeleye O., Agic, Heda, Ahm, Anne-Sofie C., Boag, Thomas H., Bowyer, Fred, Brocks, Jochen J., Brunoir, Tessa N., Canfield, Donald E., Chen, Xiaoyan, Cheng, Meng, Clarkson, Matthew O., Cole, Devon B., Cordie, David R., Crockford, Peter W., Cui, Huan, Dahl, Tais W., Mouro, Lucas D., Dewing, Keith, Dornbos, Stephen Q., Drabon, Nadja, Dumoulin, Julie A., Emmings, Joseph F., Endriga, Cecilia R., Fraser, Tiffani A., Gaines, Robert R., Gaschnig, Richard M., Gibson, Timothy M., Gilleaudeau, Geoffrey J., Gill, Benjamin C., Goldberg, Karin, Guilbaud, Romain, Halverson, Galen P., Hammarlund, Emma U., Hantsoo, Kalev G., Henderson, Miles A., Hodgskiss, Malcolm S. W., Horner, Tristan J., Husson, Jon M., Johnson, Benjamin, Kabanov, Pavel, Keller, C. Brenhin, Kimmig, Julien, Kipp, Michael A., Knoll, Andrew H., Kreitsmann, Timmu, Kunzmann, Marcus, Kurzweil, Florian, LeRoy, Matthew A., Li, Chao, Lipp, Alex G., Loydell, David K., Lu, Xinze, Macdonald, Francis A., Magnall, Joseph M., Mänd, Kaarel, Mehra, Akshay, Melchin, Michael J., Miller, Austin J., Mills, N. Tanner, Mwinde, Chiza N., O'Connell, Brennan, Och, Lawrence M., Ossa Ossa, Frantz, Pagès, Anais, Paiste, Kärt, Partin, Camille A., Peters, Shanan E., Petrov, Peter, Playter, Tiffany L., Plaza-Torres, Stephanie, Porter, Susannah M., Poulton, Simon W., Pruss, Sara, Richoz, Sylvain, Ritzer, Samantha R., Rooney, Alan D., Sahoo, Swapan K., Schoepfer, Shane D., Sclafani, Judith A., Shen, Yanan, Shorttle, Oliver, Slotznick, Sarah P., Smith, Emily F., Spinks, Sam, Stockey, Richard G., Strauss, Justin V., Stüeken, Eva E., Tecklenburg, Sabrina, Thomson, Danielle, Tosca, Nicholas J., Uhlein, Gabriel J., Vizcaíno, Maoli N., Wang, Huajian, White, Tristan, Wilby, Philip R., Woltz, Christina R., Wood, Rachel A., Xiang, Lei, Yurchenko, Inessa A., Zhang, Tianran, Planavsky, Noah J., Lau, Kimberly V., Johnston, David T., and Sperling, Erik A.

Abstract

© The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Farrell, U. C., Samawi, R., Anjanappa, S., Klykov, R., Adeboye, O. O., Agic, H., Ahm, A.-S. C., Boag, T. H., Bowyer, F., Brocks, J. J., Brunoir, T. N., Canfield, D. E., Chen, X., Cheng, M., Clarkson, M. O., Cole, D. B., Cordie, D. R., Crockford, P. W., Cui, H., Dahl, T. W., Mouro, L. D., Dewing, K., Dornbos, S. Q., Drabon, N., Dumoulin, J. A., Emmings, J. F., Endriga, C. R., Fraser, T. A., Gaines, R. R., Gaschnig, R. M., Gibson, T. M., Gilleaudeau, G. J., Gill, B. C., Goldberg, K., Guilbaud, R., Halverson, G. P., Hammarlund, E. U., Hantsoo, K. G., Henderson, M. A., Hodgskiss, M. S. W., Horner, Tristan J., Husson, J. M., Johnson, B., Kabanov, P., Brenhin K. C., Kimmig, J., Kipp, M. A., Knoll, A. H., Kreitsmann, T., Kunzmann, M., Kurzweil, F., LeRoy, M. A., Li, C., Lipp, A. G., Loydell, D. K., Lu, X., Macdonald, F. A., Magnall, J. M., Mänd, K., Mehra, A., Melchin, M. J., Miller, A. J., Mills, N. T., Mwinde, C. N., O'Connell, B., Och, L. M., Ossa Ossa, F., Pagès, A., Paiste, K., Partin, C. A., Peters, S. E., Petrov, P., Playter, T. L., Plaza-Torres, S., Porter, Susannah M., Poulton, S. W., Pruss, S. B., Richoz, S., Ritzer, S. R., Rooney, A. D., Sahoo, S. K., Schoepfer, S. D., Sclafani, J. A., Shen, Y., Shorttle, O., Slotznick, S. P., Smith, E. F., Spinks, S., Stockey, R. G., Strauss, J. V., Stüeken, E. E., Tecklenburg, S., Thomson, D., Tosca, N. J., Uhlein, G. J., Vizcaíno, M. N., Wang, H., White, T., Wilby, P. R., Woltz, C. R., Wood, R. A., Xiang, L., Yurchenko, I. A., Zhang, T., Planavsky, N. J., Lau, K. V., Johnston, D. T., Sperling, E. A., The Sedimentary Geochemistry and Paleoenvironments Project. Geobiology. 00, (2021): 1– 12,https://doi.org/10.1111/gbi.12462., Geobiology explores how Earth's system has changed over the course of geologic history and how living organisms on this planet are impacted by or are indeed causing these changes. For decades, geologists, paleontologists, and geochemists have generated data to investigate these topics. Foundational efforts in sedimentary geochemistry utilized spreadsheets for data storage and analysis, suitable for several thousand samples, but not practical or scalable for larger, more complex datasets. As results have accumulated, researchers have increasingly gravitated toward larger compilations and statistical tools. New data frameworks have become necessary to handle larger sample sets and encourage more sophisticated or even standardized statistical analyses. In this paper, we describe the Sedimentary Geochemistry and Paleoenvironments Project (SGP; Figure 1), which is an open, community-oriented, database-driven research consortium. The goals of SGP are to (1) create a relational database tailored to the needs of the deep-time (millions to billions of years) sedimentary geochemical research community, including assembling and curating published and associated unpublished data; (2) create a website where data can be retrieved in a flexible way; and (3) build a collaborative consortium where researchers are incentivized to contribute data by giving them priority access and the opportunity to work on exciting questions in group papers. Finally, and more idealistically, the goal was to establish a culture of modern data management and data analysis in sedimentary geochemistry. Relative to many other fields, the main emphasis in our field has been on instrument measurement of sedimentary geochemical data rather than data analysis (compared with fields like ecology, for instance, where the post-experiment ANOVA (analysis of variance) is customary). Thus, the longer-term goal was to build a collaborative environment where geobiologists and geologists can work and learn together to, We thank the donors of The American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund for partial support of SGP website development (61017-ND2). EAS is funded by National Science Foundation grant (NSF) EAR-1922966. BGS authors (JE, PW) publish with permission of the Executive Director of the British Geological Survey, UKRI.

Published
2021

2. The Sedimentary Geochemistry and Paleoenvironments Project

Author

Farrell, Una C., Samawi, Rifaat, Anjanappa, Savitha, Klykov, Roman, Adeboye, Oyeleye O., Agic, Heda, Ahm, Anne-Sofie C., Boag, Thomas H., Bowyer, Fred, Brocks, Jochen J., Brunoir, Tessa N., Canfield, Donald E., Chen, Xiaoyan, Cheng, Meng, Clarkson, Matthew O., Cole, Devon B., Cordie, David R., Crockford, Peter W., Cui, Huan, Dahl, Tais W., Mouro, Lucas D., Dewing, Keith, Dornbos, Stephen Q., Drabon, Nadja, Dumoulin, Julie A., Emmings, Joseph F., Endriga, Cecilia R., Fraser, Tiffani A., Gaines, Robert R., Gaschnig, Richard M., Gibson, Timothy M., Gilleaudeau, Geoffrey J., Gill, Benjamin C., Goldberg, Karin, Guilbaud, Romain, Halverson, Galen P., Hammarlund, Emma U., Hantsoo, Kalev G., Henderson, Miles A., Hodgskiss, Malcolm S. W., Horner, Tristan J., Husson, Jon M., Johnson, Benjamin, Kabanov, Pavel, Brenhin Keller, C., Kimmig, Julien, Kipp, Michael A., Knoll, Andrew H., Kreitsmann, Timmu, Kunzmann, Marcus, Kurzweil, Florian, LeRoy, Matthew A., Li, Chao, Lipp, Alex G., Loydell, David K., Lu, Xinze, Macdonald, Francis A., Magnall, Joseph M., Mand, Kaarel, Mehra, Akshay, Melchin, Michael J., Miller, Austin J., Mills, N. Tanner, Mwinde, Chiza N., O'Connell, Brennan, Och, Lawrence M., Ossa Ossa, Frantz, Pages, Anais, Paiste, Kart, Partin, Camille A., Peters, Shanan E., Petrov, Peter, Playter, Tiffany L., Plaza-Torres, Stephanie, Porter, Susannah M., Poulton, Simon W., Pruss, Sara B., Richoz, Sylvain, Ritzer, Samantha R., Rooney, Alan D., Sahoo, Swapan K., Schoepfer, Shane D., Sclafani, Judith A., Shen, Yanan, Shorttle, Oliver, Slotznick, Sarah P., Smith, Emily F., Spinks, Sam, Stockey, Richard G., Strauss, Justin V., Stueken, Eva E., Tecklenburg, Sabrina, Thomson, Danielle, Tosca, Nicholas J., Uhlein, Gabriel J., Vizcaino, Maoli N., Wang, Huajian, White, Tristan, Wilby, Philip R., Woltz, Christina R., Wood, Rachel A., Xiang, Lei, Yurchenko, Inessa A., Zhang, Tianran, Planavsky, Noah J., Lau, Kimberly V., Johnston, David T., Sperling, Erik A., Farrell, Una C., Samawi, Rifaat, Anjanappa, Savitha, Klykov, Roman, Adeboye, Oyeleye O., Agic, Heda, Ahm, Anne-Sofie C., Boag, Thomas H., Bowyer, Fred, Brocks, Jochen J., Brunoir, Tessa N., Canfield, Donald E., Chen, Xiaoyan, Cheng, Meng, Clarkson, Matthew O., Cole, Devon B., Cordie, David R., Crockford, Peter W., Cui, Huan, Dahl, Tais W., Mouro, Lucas D., Dewing, Keith, Dornbos, Stephen Q., Drabon, Nadja, Dumoulin, Julie A., Emmings, Joseph F., Endriga, Cecilia R., Fraser, Tiffani A., Gaines, Robert R., Gaschnig, Richard M., Gibson, Timothy M., Gilleaudeau, Geoffrey J., Gill, Benjamin C., Goldberg, Karin, Guilbaud, Romain, Halverson, Galen P., Hammarlund, Emma U., Hantsoo, Kalev G., Henderson, Miles A., Hodgskiss, Malcolm S. W., Horner, Tristan J., Husson, Jon M., Johnson, Benjamin, Kabanov, Pavel, Brenhin Keller, C., Kimmig, Julien, Kipp, Michael A., Knoll, Andrew H., Kreitsmann, Timmu, Kunzmann, Marcus, Kurzweil, Florian, LeRoy, Matthew A., Li, Chao, Lipp, Alex G., Loydell, David K., Lu, Xinze, Macdonald, Francis A., Magnall, Joseph M., Mand, Kaarel, Mehra, Akshay, Melchin, Michael J., Miller, Austin J., Mills, N. Tanner, Mwinde, Chiza N., O'Connell, Brennan, Och, Lawrence M., Ossa Ossa, Frantz, Pages, Anais, Paiste, Kart, Partin, Camille A., Peters, Shanan E., Petrov, Peter, Playter, Tiffany L., Plaza-Torres, Stephanie, Porter, Susannah M., Poulton, Simon W., Pruss, Sara B., Richoz, Sylvain, Ritzer, Samantha R., Rooney, Alan D., Sahoo, Swapan K., Schoepfer, Shane D., Sclafani, Judith A., Shen, Yanan, Shorttle, Oliver, Slotznick, Sarah P., Smith, Emily F., Spinks, Sam, Stockey, Richard G., Strauss, Justin V., Stueken, Eva E., Tecklenburg, Sabrina, Thomson, Danielle, Tosca, Nicholas J., Uhlein, Gabriel J., Vizcaino, Maoli N., Wang, Huajian, White, Tristan, Wilby, Philip R., Woltz, Christina R., Wood, Rachel A., Xiang, Lei, Yurchenko, Inessa A., Zhang, Tianran, Planavsky, Noah J., Lau, Kimberly V., Johnston, David T., and Sperling, Erik A.

Published
2021

3. The Sedimentary Geochemistry and Paleoenvironments Project

Author

Farrell, Úna C., Samawi, Rifaat, Anjanappa, Savitha, Klykov, Roman, Adeboye, Oyeleye O., Agic, Heda, Ahm, Anne‐Sofie C., Boag, Thomas H., Bowyer, Fred, Brocks, Jochen J., Brunoir, Tessa N., Canfield, Donald E., Chen, Xiaoyan, Cheng, Meng, Clarkson, Matthew O., Cole, Devon B., Cordie, David R., Crockford, Peter W., Cui, Huan, Dahl, Tais W., Mouro, Lucas D., Dewing, Keith, Dornbos, Stephen Q., Drabon, Nadja, Dumoulin, Julie A., Emmings, Joseph F., Endriga, Cecilia R., Fraser, Tiffani A., Gaines, Robert R., Gaschnig, Richard M., Gibson, Timothy M., Gilleaudeau, Geoffrey J., Gill, Benjamin C., Goldberg, Karin, Guilbaud, Romain, Halverson, Galen P., Hammarlund, Emma U., Hantsoo, Kalev G., Henderson, Miles A., Hodgskiss, Malcolm S.W., Horner, Tristan J., Husson, Jon M., Johnson, Benjamin, Kabanov, Pavel, Brenhin Keller, C., Kimmig, Julien, Kipp, Michael A., Knoll, Andrew H., Kreitsmann, Timmu, Kunzmann, Marcus, Kurzweil, Florian, LeRoy, Matthew A., Li, Chao, Lipp, Alex G., Loydell, David K., Lu, Xinze, Macdonald, Francis A., Magnall, Joseph M., Mänd, Kaarel, Mehra, Akshay, Melchin, Michael J., Miller, Austin J., Mills, N. Tanner, Mwinde, Chiza N., O'Connell, Brennan, Och, Lawrence M., Ossa Ossa, Frantz, Pagès, Anais, Paiste, Kärt, Partin, Camille A., Peters, Shanan E., Petrov, Peter, Playter, Tiffany L., Plaza‐Torres, Stephanie, Porter, Susannah M., Poulton, Simon W., Pruss, Sara B., Richoz, Sylvain, Ritzer, Samantha R., Rooney, Alan D., Sahoo, Swapan K., Schoepfer, Shane D., Sclafani, Judith A., Shen, Yanan, Shorttle, Oliver, Slotznick, Sarah P., Smith, Emily F., Spinks, Sam, Stockey, Richard G., Strauss, Justin V., Stüeken, Eva E., Tecklenburg, Sabrina, Thomson, Danielle, Tosca, Nicholas J., Uhlein, Gabriel J., Vizcaíno, Maoli N., Wang, Huajian, White, Tristan, Wilby, Philip R., Woltz, Christina R., Wood, Rachel A., Xiang, Lei, Yurchenko, Inessa A., Zhang, Tianran, Planavsky, Noah J., Lau, Kimberly V., Johnston, David T., Sperling, Erik A., Farrell, Úna C., Samawi, Rifaat, Anjanappa, Savitha, Klykov, Roman, Adeboye, Oyeleye O., Agic, Heda, Ahm, Anne‐Sofie C., Boag, Thomas H., Bowyer, Fred, Brocks, Jochen J., Brunoir, Tessa N., Canfield, Donald E., Chen, Xiaoyan, Cheng, Meng, Clarkson, Matthew O., Cole, Devon B., Cordie, David R., Crockford, Peter W., Cui, Huan, Dahl, Tais W., Mouro, Lucas D., Dewing, Keith, Dornbos, Stephen Q., Drabon, Nadja, Dumoulin, Julie A., Emmings, Joseph F., Endriga, Cecilia R., Fraser, Tiffani A., Gaines, Robert R., Gaschnig, Richard M., Gibson, Timothy M., Gilleaudeau, Geoffrey J., Gill, Benjamin C., Goldberg, Karin, Guilbaud, Romain, Halverson, Galen P., Hammarlund, Emma U., Hantsoo, Kalev G., Henderson, Miles A., Hodgskiss, Malcolm S.W., Horner, Tristan J., Husson, Jon M., Johnson, Benjamin, Kabanov, Pavel, Brenhin Keller, C., Kimmig, Julien, Kipp, Michael A., Knoll, Andrew H., Kreitsmann, Timmu, Kunzmann, Marcus, Kurzweil, Florian, LeRoy, Matthew A., Li, Chao, Lipp, Alex G., Loydell, David K., Lu, Xinze, Macdonald, Francis A., Magnall, Joseph M., Mänd, Kaarel, Mehra, Akshay, Melchin, Michael J., Miller, Austin J., Mills, N. Tanner, Mwinde, Chiza N., O'Connell, Brennan, Och, Lawrence M., Ossa Ossa, Frantz, Pagès, Anais, Paiste, Kärt, Partin, Camille A., Peters, Shanan E., Petrov, Peter, Playter, Tiffany L., Plaza‐Torres, Stephanie, Porter, Susannah M., Poulton, Simon W., Pruss, Sara B., Richoz, Sylvain, Ritzer, Samantha R., Rooney, Alan D., Sahoo, Swapan K., Schoepfer, Shane D., Sclafani, Judith A., Shen, Yanan, Shorttle, Oliver, Slotznick, Sarah P., Smith, Emily F., Spinks, Sam, Stockey, Richard G., Strauss, Justin V., Stüeken, Eva E., Tecklenburg, Sabrina, Thomson, Danielle, Tosca, Nicholas J., Uhlein, Gabriel J., Vizcaíno, Maoli N., Wang, Huajian, White, Tristan, Wilby, Philip R., Woltz, Christina R., Wood, Rachel A., Xiang, Lei, Yurchenko, Inessa A., Zhang, Tianran, Planavsky, Noah J., Lau, Kimberly V., Johnston, David T., and Sperling, Erik A.

Published
2021

4. The Sedimentary Geochemistry and Paleoenvironments Project

Author

Farrell, Úna C., Samawi, Rifaat, Anjanappa, Savitha, Klykov, Roman, Adeboye, Oyeleye O., Agic, Heda, Ahm, Anne-Sofie C., Boag, Thomas H., Bowyer, Fred, Brocks, Jochen J., Brunoir, Tessa N., Canfield, Donald E., Chen, Xiaoyan, Cheng, Meng, Clarkson, Matthew O., Cole, Devon B., Cordie, David R., Crockford, Peter W., Cui, Huan, Dahl, Tais W., Mouro, Lucas D., Dewing, Keith, Dornbos, Stephen Q., Drabon, Nadja, Dumoulin, Julie A., Emmings, Joseph F., Endriga, Cecilia R., Fraser, Tiffani A., Gaines, Robert R., Gaschnig, Richard M., Gibson, Timothy M., Gilleaudeau, Geoffrey J., Gill, Benjamin C., Goldberg, Karin, Guilbaud, Romain, Halverson, Galen P., Hammarlund, Emma U., Hantsoo, Kalev G., Henderson, Miles A., Hodgskiss, Malcolm S. W., Horner, Tristan J., Husson, Jon M., Johnson, Benjamin, Kabanov, Pavel, Keller, C. Brenhin, Kimmig, Julien, Kipp, Michael A., Knoll, Andrew H., Kreitsmann, Timmu, Kunzmann, Marcus, Kurzweil, Florian, LeRoy, Matthew A., Li, Chao, Lipp, Alex G., Loydell, David K., Lu, Xinze, Macdonald, Francis A., Magnall, Joseph M., Mänd, Kaarel, Mehra, Akshay, Melchin, Michael J., Miller, Austin J., Mills, N. Tanner, Mwinde, Chiza N., O'Connell, Brennan, Och, Lawrence M., Ossa Ossa, Frantz, Pagès, Anais, Paiste, Kärt, Partin, Camille A., Peters, Shanan E., Petrov, Peter, Playter, Tiffany L., Plaza-Torres, Stephanie, Porter, Susannah M., Poulton, Simon W., Pruss, Sara, Richoz, Sylvain, Ritzer, Samantha R., Rooney, Alan D., Sahoo, Swapan K., Schoepfer, Shane D., Sclafani, Judith A., Shen, Yanan, Shorttle, Oliver, Slotznick, Sarah P., Smith, Emily F., Spinks, Sam, Stockey, Richard G., Strauss, Justin V., Stüeken, Eva E., Tecklenburg, Sabrina, Thomson, Danielle, Tosca, Nicholas J., Uhlein, Gabriel J., Vizcaíno, Maoli N., Wang, Huajian, White, Tristan, Wilby, Philip R., Woltz, Christina R., Wood, Rachel A., Xiang, Lei, Yurchenko, Inessa A., Zhang, Tianran, Planavsky, Noah J., Lau, Kimberly V., Johnston, David T., Sperling, Erik A., Farrell, Úna C., Samawi, Rifaat, Anjanappa, Savitha, Klykov, Roman, Adeboye, Oyeleye O., Agic, Heda, Ahm, Anne-Sofie C., Boag, Thomas H., Bowyer, Fred, Brocks, Jochen J., Brunoir, Tessa N., Canfield, Donald E., Chen, Xiaoyan, Cheng, Meng, Clarkson, Matthew O., Cole, Devon B., Cordie, David R., Crockford, Peter W., Cui, Huan, Dahl, Tais W., Mouro, Lucas D., Dewing, Keith, Dornbos, Stephen Q., Drabon, Nadja, Dumoulin, Julie A., Emmings, Joseph F., Endriga, Cecilia R., Fraser, Tiffani A., Gaines, Robert R., Gaschnig, Richard M., Gibson, Timothy M., Gilleaudeau, Geoffrey J., Gill, Benjamin C., Goldberg, Karin, Guilbaud, Romain, Halverson, Galen P., Hammarlund, Emma U., Hantsoo, Kalev G., Henderson, Miles A., Hodgskiss, Malcolm S. W., Horner, Tristan J., Husson, Jon M., Johnson, Benjamin, Kabanov, Pavel, Keller, C. Brenhin, Kimmig, Julien, Kipp, Michael A., Knoll, Andrew H., Kreitsmann, Timmu, Kunzmann, Marcus, Kurzweil, Florian, LeRoy, Matthew A., Li, Chao, Lipp, Alex G., Loydell, David K., Lu, Xinze, Macdonald, Francis A., Magnall, Joseph M., Mänd, Kaarel, Mehra, Akshay, Melchin, Michael J., Miller, Austin J., Mills, N. Tanner, Mwinde, Chiza N., O'Connell, Brennan, Och, Lawrence M., Ossa Ossa, Frantz, Pagès, Anais, Paiste, Kärt, Partin, Camille A., Peters, Shanan E., Petrov, Peter, Playter, Tiffany L., Plaza-Torres, Stephanie, Porter, Susannah M., Poulton, Simon W., Pruss, Sara, Richoz, Sylvain, Ritzer, Samantha R., Rooney, Alan D., Sahoo, Swapan K., Schoepfer, Shane D., Sclafani, Judith A., Shen, Yanan, Shorttle, Oliver, Slotznick, Sarah P., Smith, Emily F., Spinks, Sam, Stockey, Richard G., Strauss, Justin V., Stüeken, Eva E., Tecklenburg, Sabrina, Thomson, Danielle, Tosca, Nicholas J., Uhlein, Gabriel J., Vizcaíno, Maoli N., Wang, Huajian, White, Tristan, Wilby, Philip R., Woltz, Christina R., Wood, Rachel A., Xiang, Lei, Yurchenko, Inessa A., Zhang, Tianran, Planavsky, Noah J., Lau, Kimberly V., Johnston, David T., and Sperling, Erik A.

Abstract

© The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Farrell, U. C., Samawi, R., Anjanappa, S., Klykov, R., Adeboye, O. O., Agic, H., Ahm, A.-S. C., Boag, T. H., Bowyer, F., Brocks, J. J., Brunoir, T. N., Canfield, D. E., Chen, X., Cheng, M., Clarkson, M. O., Cole, D. B., Cordie, D. R., Crockford, P. W., Cui, H., Dahl, T. W., Mouro, L. D., Dewing, K., Dornbos, S. Q., Drabon, N., Dumoulin, J. A., Emmings, J. F., Endriga, C. R., Fraser, T. A., Gaines, R. R., Gaschnig, R. M., Gibson, T. M., Gilleaudeau, G. J., Gill, B. C., Goldberg, K., Guilbaud, R., Halverson, G. P., Hammarlund, E. U., Hantsoo, K. G., Henderson, M. A., Hodgskiss, M. S. W., Horner, Tristan J., Husson, J. M., Johnson, B., Kabanov, P., Brenhin K. C., Kimmig, J., Kipp, M. A., Knoll, A. H., Kreitsmann, T., Kunzmann, M., Kurzweil, F., LeRoy, M. A., Li, C., Lipp, A. G., Loydell, D. K., Lu, X., Macdonald, F. A., Magnall, J. M., Mänd, K., Mehra, A., Melchin, M. J., Miller, A. J., Mills, N. T., Mwinde, C. N., O'Connell, B., Och, L. M., Ossa Ossa, F., Pagès, A., Paiste, K., Partin, C. A., Peters, S. E., Petrov, P., Playter, T. L., Plaza-Torres, S., Porter, Susannah M., Poulton, S. W., Pruss, S. B., Richoz, S., Ritzer, S. R., Rooney, A. D., Sahoo, S. K., Schoepfer, S. D., Sclafani, J. A., Shen, Y., Shorttle, O., Slotznick, S. P., Smith, E. F., Spinks, S., Stockey, R. G., Strauss, J. V., Stüeken, E. E., Tecklenburg, S., Thomson, D., Tosca, N. J., Uhlein, G. J., Vizcaíno, M. N., Wang, H., White, T., Wilby, P. R., Woltz, C. R., Wood, R. A., Xiang, L., Yurchenko, I. A., Zhang, T., Planavsky, N. J., Lau, K. V., Johnston, D. T., Sperling, E. A., The Sedimentary Geochemistry and Paleoenvironments Project. Geobiology. 00, (2021): 1– 12,https://doi.org/10.1111/gbi.12462., Geobiology explores how Earth's system has changed over the course of geologic history and how living organisms on this planet are impacted by or are indeed causing these changes. For decades, geologists, paleontologists, and geochemists have generated data to investigate these topics. Foundational efforts in sedimentary geochemistry utilized spreadsheets for data storage and analysis, suitable for several thousand samples, but not practical or scalable for larger, more complex datasets. As results have accumulated, researchers have increasingly gravitated toward larger compilations and statistical tools. New data frameworks have become necessary to handle larger sample sets and encourage more sophisticated or even standardized statistical analyses. In this paper, we describe the Sedimentary Geochemistry and Paleoenvironments Project (SGP; Figure 1), which is an open, community-oriented, database-driven research consortium. The goals of SGP are to (1) create a relational database tailored to the needs of the deep-time (millions to billions of years) sedimentary geochemical research community, including assembling and curating published and associated unpublished data; (2) create a website where data can be retrieved in a flexible way; and (3) build a collaborative consortium where researchers are incentivized to contribute data by giving them priority access and the opportunity to work on exciting questions in group papers. Finally, and more idealistically, the goal was to establish a culture of modern data management and data analysis in sedimentary geochemistry. Relative to many other fields, the main emphasis in our field has been on instrument measurement of sedimentary geochemical data rather than data analysis (compared with fields like ecology, for instance, where the post-experiment ANOVA (analysis of variance) is customary). Thus, the longer-term goal was to build a collaborative environment where geobiologists and geologists can work and learn together to, We thank the donors of The American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund for partial support of SGP website development (61017-ND2). EAS is funded by National Science Foundation grant (NSF) EAR-1922966. BGS authors (JE, PW) publish with permission of the Executive Director of the British Geological Survey, UKRI.

Published
2021

5. The Sedimentary Geochemistry and Paleoenvironments Project

Author

Farrell, Una C., Samawi, Rifaat, Anjanappa, Savitha, Klykov, Roman, Adeboye, Oyeleye O., Agic, Heda, Ahm, Anne-Sofie C., Boag, Thomas H., Bowyer, Fred, Brocks, Jochen J., Brunoir, Tessa N., Canfield, Donald E., Chen, Xiaoyan, Cheng, Meng, Clarkson, Matthew O., Cole, Devon B., Cordie, David R., Crockford, Peter W., Cui, Huan, Dahl, Tais W., Mouro, Lucas D., Dewing, Keith, Dornbos, Stephen Q., Drabon, Nadja, Dumoulin, Julie A., Emmings, Joseph F., Endriga, Cecilia R., Fraser, Tiffani A., Gaines, Robert R., Gaschnig, Richard M., Gibson, Timothy M., Gilleaudeau, Geoffrey J., Gill, Benjamin C., Goldberg, Karin, Guilbaud, Romain, Halverson, Galen P., Hammarlund, Emma U., Hantsoo, Kalev G., Henderson, Miles A., Hodgskiss, Malcolm SW W., Horner, Tristan J., Husson, Jon M., Johnson, Benjamin, Kabanov, Pavel, Brenhin Keller, C., Kimmig, Julien, Kipp, Michael A., Knoll, Andrew H., Kreitsmann, Timmu, Kunzmann, Marcus, Kurzweil, Florian, LeRoy, Matthew A., Li, Chao, Lipp, Alex G., Loydell, David K., Lu, Xinze, Macdonald, Francis A., Magnall, Joseph M., Mand, Kaarel, Mehra, Akshay, Melchin, Michael J., Miller, Austin J., Mills, N. Tanner, Mwinde, Chiza N., O'Connell, Brennan, Och, Lawrence M., Ossa Ossa, Frantz, Pages, Anais, Paiste, Kart, Partin, Camille A., Peters, Shanan E., Petrov, Peter, Playter, Tiffany L., Plaza-Torres, Stephanie, Porter, Susannah M., Poulton, Simon W., Pruss, Sara B., Richoz, Sylvain, Ritzer, Samantha R., Rooney, Alan D., Sahoo, Swapan K., Schoepfer, Shane D., Sclafani, Judith A., Shen, Yanan, Shorttle, Oliver, Slotznick, Sarah P., Smith, Emily F., Spinks, Sam, Stockey, Richard G., Strauss, Justin V., Stueken, Eva E., Tecklenburg, Sabrina, Thomson, Danielle, Tosca, Nicholas J., Uhlein, Gabriel J., Vizcaino, Maoli N., Wang, Huajian, White, Tristan, Wilby, Philip R., Woltz, Christina R., Wood, Rachel A., Xiang, Lei, Yurchenko, Inessa A., Zhang, Tianran, Planavsky, Noah J., Lau, Kimberly V., Johnston, David T., Sperling, Erik A., Farrell, Una C., Samawi, Rifaat, Anjanappa, Savitha, Klykov, Roman, Adeboye, Oyeleye O., Agic, Heda, Ahm, Anne-Sofie C., Boag, Thomas H., Bowyer, Fred, Brocks, Jochen J., Brunoir, Tessa N., Canfield, Donald E., Chen, Xiaoyan, Cheng, Meng, Clarkson, Matthew O., Cole, Devon B., Cordie, David R., Crockford, Peter W., Cui, Huan, Dahl, Tais W., Mouro, Lucas D., Dewing, Keith, Dornbos, Stephen Q., Drabon, Nadja, Dumoulin, Julie A., Emmings, Joseph F., Endriga, Cecilia R., Fraser, Tiffani A., Gaines, Robert R., Gaschnig, Richard M., Gibson, Timothy M., Gilleaudeau, Geoffrey J., Gill, Benjamin C., Goldberg, Karin, Guilbaud, Romain, Halverson, Galen P., Hammarlund, Emma U., Hantsoo, Kalev G., Henderson, Miles A., Hodgskiss, Malcolm SW W., Horner, Tristan J., Husson, Jon M., Johnson, Benjamin, Kabanov, Pavel, Brenhin Keller, C., Kimmig, Julien, Kipp, Michael A., Knoll, Andrew H., Kreitsmann, Timmu, Kunzmann, Marcus, Kurzweil, Florian, LeRoy, Matthew A., Li, Chao, Lipp, Alex G., Loydell, David K., Lu, Xinze, Macdonald, Francis A., Magnall, Joseph M., Mand, Kaarel, Mehra, Akshay, Melchin, Michael J., Miller, Austin J., Mills, N. Tanner, Mwinde, Chiza N., O'Connell, Brennan, Och, Lawrence M., Ossa Ossa, Frantz, Pages, Anais, Paiste, Kart, Partin, Camille A., Peters, Shanan E., Petrov, Peter, Playter, Tiffany L., Plaza-Torres, Stephanie, Porter, Susannah M., Poulton, Simon W., Pruss, Sara B., Richoz, Sylvain, Ritzer, Samantha R., Rooney, Alan D., Sahoo, Swapan K., Schoepfer, Shane D., Sclafani, Judith A., Shen, Yanan, Shorttle, Oliver, Slotznick, Sarah P., Smith, Emily F., Spinks, Sam, Stockey, Richard G., Strauss, Justin V., Stueken, Eva E., Tecklenburg, Sabrina, Thomson, Danielle, Tosca, Nicholas J., Uhlein, Gabriel J., Vizcaino, Maoli N., Wang, Huajian, White, Tristan, Wilby, Philip R., Woltz, Christina R., Wood, Rachel A., Xiang, Lei, Yurchenko, Inessa A., Zhang, Tianran, Planavsky, Noah J., Lau, Kimberly V., Johnston, David T., and Sperling, Erik A.

Published
2021
Full Text
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6. The Sedimentary Geochemistry and Paleoenvironments Project

Author

Farrell, Una C., Samawi, Rifaat, Anjanappa, Savitha, Klykov, Roman, Adeboye, Oyeleye O., Agic, Heda, Ahm, Anne-Sofie C., Boag, Thomas H., Bowyer, Fred, Brocks, Jochen J., Brunoir, Tessa N., Canfield, Donald E., Chen, Xiaoyan, Cheng, Meng, Clarkson, Matthew O., Cole, Devon B., Cordie, David R., Crockford, Peter W., Cui, Huan, Dahl, Tais W., Mouro, Lucas D., Dewing, Keith, Dornbos, Stephen Q., Drabon, Nadja, Dumoulin, Julie A., Emmings, Joseph F., Endriga, Cecilia R., Fraser, Tiffani A., Gaines, Robert R., Gaschnig, Richard M., Gibson, Timothy M., Gilleaudeau, Geoffrey J., Gill, Benjamin C., Goldberg, Karin, Guilbaud, Romain, Halverson, Galen P., Hammarlund, Emma U., Hantsoo, Kalev G., Henderson, Miles A., Hodgskiss, Malcolm SW W., Horner, Tristan J., Husson, Jon M., Johnson, Benjamin, Kabanov, Pavel, Brenhin Keller, C., Kimmig, Julien, Kipp, Michael A., Knoll, Andrew H., Kreitsmann, Timmu, Kunzmann, Marcus, Kurzweil, Florian, LeRoy, Matthew A., Li, Chao, Lipp, Alex G., Loydell, David K., Lu, Xinze, Macdonald, Francis A., Magnall, Joseph M., Mand, Kaarel, Mehra, Akshay, Melchin, Michael J., Miller, Austin J., Mills, N. Tanner, Mwinde, Chiza N., O'Connell, Brennan, Och, Lawrence M., Ossa Ossa, Frantz, Pages, Anais, Paiste, Kart, Partin, Camille A., Peters, Shanan E., Petrov, Peter, Playter, Tiffany L., Plaza-Torres, Stephanie, Porter, Susannah M., Poulton, Simon W., Pruss, Sara B., Richoz, Sylvain, Ritzer, Samantha R., Rooney, Alan D., Sahoo, Swapan K., Schoepfer, Shane D., Sclafani, Judith A., Shen, Yanan, Shorttle, Oliver, Slotznick, Sarah P., Smith, Emily F., Spinks, Sam, Stockey, Richard G., Strauss, Justin V., Stueken, Eva E., Tecklenburg, Sabrina, Thomson, Danielle, Tosca, Nicholas J., Uhlein, Gabriel J., Vizcaino, Maoli N., Wang, Huajian, White, Tristan, Wilby, Philip R., Woltz, Christina R., Wood, Rachel A., Xiang, Lei, Yurchenko, Inessa A., Zhang, Tianran, Planavsky, Noah J., Lau, Kimberly V., Johnston, David T., Sperling, Erik A., Farrell, Una C., Samawi, Rifaat, Anjanappa, Savitha, Klykov, Roman, Adeboye, Oyeleye O., Agic, Heda, Ahm, Anne-Sofie C., Boag, Thomas H., Bowyer, Fred, Brocks, Jochen J., Brunoir, Tessa N., Canfield, Donald E., Chen, Xiaoyan, Cheng, Meng, Clarkson, Matthew O., Cole, Devon B., Cordie, David R., Crockford, Peter W., Cui, Huan, Dahl, Tais W., Mouro, Lucas D., Dewing, Keith, Dornbos, Stephen Q., Drabon, Nadja, Dumoulin, Julie A., Emmings, Joseph F., Endriga, Cecilia R., Fraser, Tiffani A., Gaines, Robert R., Gaschnig, Richard M., Gibson, Timothy M., Gilleaudeau, Geoffrey J., Gill, Benjamin C., Goldberg, Karin, Guilbaud, Romain, Halverson, Galen P., Hammarlund, Emma U., Hantsoo, Kalev G., Henderson, Miles A., Hodgskiss, Malcolm SW W., Horner, Tristan J., Husson, Jon M., Johnson, Benjamin, Kabanov, Pavel, Brenhin Keller, C., Kimmig, Julien, Kipp, Michael A., Knoll, Andrew H., Kreitsmann, Timmu, Kunzmann, Marcus, Kurzweil, Florian, LeRoy, Matthew A., Li, Chao, Lipp, Alex G., Loydell, David K., Lu, Xinze, Macdonald, Francis A., Magnall, Joseph M., Mand, Kaarel, Mehra, Akshay, Melchin, Michael J., Miller, Austin J., Mills, N. Tanner, Mwinde, Chiza N., O'Connell, Brennan, Och, Lawrence M., Ossa Ossa, Frantz, Pages, Anais, Paiste, Kart, Partin, Camille A., Peters, Shanan E., Petrov, Peter, Playter, Tiffany L., Plaza-Torres, Stephanie, Porter, Susannah M., Poulton, Simon W., Pruss, Sara B., Richoz, Sylvain, Ritzer, Samantha R., Rooney, Alan D., Sahoo, Swapan K., Schoepfer, Shane D., Sclafani, Judith A., Shen, Yanan, Shorttle, Oliver, Slotznick, Sarah P., Smith, Emily F., Spinks, Sam, Stockey, Richard G., Strauss, Justin V., Stueken, Eva E., Tecklenburg, Sabrina, Thomson, Danielle, Tosca, Nicholas J., Uhlein, Gabriel J., Vizcaino, Maoli N., Wang, Huajian, White, Tristan, Wilby, Philip R., Woltz, Christina R., Wood, Rachel A., Xiang, Lei, Yurchenko, Inessa A., Zhang, Tianran, Planavsky, Noah J., Lau, Kimberly V., Johnston, David T., and Sperling, Erik A.

Published
2021

7. The Sedimentary Geochemistry and Paleoenvironments Project

Author

Farrell, Una C., Samawi, Rifaat, Anjanappa, Savitha, Klykov, Roman, Adeboye, Oyeleye O., Agic, Heda, Ahm, Anne-Sofie C., Boag, Thomas H., Bowyer, Fred, Brocks, Jochen J., Brunoir, Tessa N., Canfield, Donald E., Chen, Xiaoyan, Cheng, Meng, Clarkson, Matthew O., Cole, Devon B., Cordie, David R., Crockford, Peter W., Cui, Huan, Dahl, Tais W., Mouro, Lucas D., Dewing, Keith, Dornbos, Stephen Q., Drabon, Nadja, Dumoulin, Julie A., Emmings, Joseph F., Endriga, Cecilia R., Fraser, Tiffani A., Gaines, Robert R., Gaschnig, Richard M., Gibson, Timothy M., Gilleaudeau, Geoffrey J., Gill, Benjamin C., Goldberg, Karin, Guilbaud, Romain, Halverson, Galen P., Hammarlund, Emma U., Hantsoo, Kalev G., Henderson, Miles A., Hodgskiss, Malcolm S. W., Horner, Tristan J., Husson, Jon M., Johnson, Benjamin, Kabanov, Pavel, Brenhin Keller, C., Kimmig, Julien, Kipp, Michael A., Knoll, Andrew H., Kreitsmann, Timmu, Kunzmann, Marcus, Kurzweil, Florian, LeRoy, Matthew A., Li, Chao, Lipp, Alex G., Loydell, David K., Lu, Xinze, Macdonald, Francis A., Magnall, Joseph M., Mand, Kaarel, Mehra, Akshay, Melchin, Michael J., Miller, Austin J., Mills, N. Tanner, Mwinde, Chiza N., O'Connell, Brennan, Och, Lawrence M., Ossa Ossa, Frantz, Pages, Anais, Paiste, Kart, Partin, Camille A., Peters, Shanan E., Petrov, Peter, Playter, Tiffany L., Plaza-Torres, Stephanie, Porter, Susannah M., Poulton, Simon W., Pruss, Sara B., Richoz, Sylvain, Ritzer, Samantha R., Rooney, Alan D., Sahoo, Swapan K., Schoepfer, Shane D., Sclafani, Judith A., Shen, Yanan, Shorttle, Oliver, Slotznick, Sarah P., Smith, Emily F., Spinks, Sam, Stockey, Richard G., Strauss, Justin V., Stueken, Eva E., Tecklenburg, Sabrina, Thomson, Danielle, Tosca, Nicholas J., Uhlein, Gabriel J., Vizcaino, Maoli N., Wang, Huajian, White, Tristan, Wilby, Philip R., Woltz, Christina R., Wood, Rachel A., Xiang, Lei, Yurchenko, Inessa A., Zhang, Tianran, Planavsky, Noah J., Lau, Kimberly V., Johnston, David T., Sperling, Erik A., Farrell, Una C., Samawi, Rifaat, Anjanappa, Savitha, Klykov, Roman, Adeboye, Oyeleye O., Agic, Heda, Ahm, Anne-Sofie C., Boag, Thomas H., Bowyer, Fred, Brocks, Jochen J., Brunoir, Tessa N., Canfield, Donald E., Chen, Xiaoyan, Cheng, Meng, Clarkson, Matthew O., Cole, Devon B., Cordie, David R., Crockford, Peter W., Cui, Huan, Dahl, Tais W., Mouro, Lucas D., Dewing, Keith, Dornbos, Stephen Q., Drabon, Nadja, Dumoulin, Julie A., Emmings, Joseph F., Endriga, Cecilia R., Fraser, Tiffani A., Gaines, Robert R., Gaschnig, Richard M., Gibson, Timothy M., Gilleaudeau, Geoffrey J., Gill, Benjamin C., Goldberg, Karin, Guilbaud, Romain, Halverson, Galen P., Hammarlund, Emma U., Hantsoo, Kalev G., Henderson, Miles A., Hodgskiss, Malcolm S. W., Horner, Tristan J., Husson, Jon M., Johnson, Benjamin, Kabanov, Pavel, Brenhin Keller, C., Kimmig, Julien, Kipp, Michael A., Knoll, Andrew H., Kreitsmann, Timmu, Kunzmann, Marcus, Kurzweil, Florian, LeRoy, Matthew A., Li, Chao, Lipp, Alex G., Loydell, David K., Lu, Xinze, Macdonald, Francis A., Magnall, Joseph M., Mand, Kaarel, Mehra, Akshay, Melchin, Michael J., Miller, Austin J., Mills, N. Tanner, Mwinde, Chiza N., O'Connell, Brennan, Och, Lawrence M., Ossa Ossa, Frantz, Pages, Anais, Paiste, Kart, Partin, Camille A., Peters, Shanan E., Petrov, Peter, Playter, Tiffany L., Plaza-Torres, Stephanie, Porter, Susannah M., Poulton, Simon W., Pruss, Sara B., Richoz, Sylvain, Ritzer, Samantha R., Rooney, Alan D., Sahoo, Swapan K., Schoepfer, Shane D., Sclafani, Judith A., Shen, Yanan, Shorttle, Oliver, Slotznick, Sarah P., Smith, Emily F., Spinks, Sam, Stockey, Richard G., Strauss, Justin V., Stueken, Eva E., Tecklenburg, Sabrina, Thomson, Danielle, Tosca, Nicholas J., Uhlein, Gabriel J., Vizcaino, Maoli N., Wang, Huajian, White, Tristan, Wilby, Philip R., Woltz, Christina R., Wood, Rachel A., Xiang, Lei, Yurchenko, Inessa A., Zhang, Tianran, Planavsky, Noah J., Lau, Kimberly V., Johnston, David T., and Sperling, Erik A.

Published
2021

8. The Sedimentary Geochemistry and Paleoenvironments Project

Author

Farrell, Úna C., Samawi, Rifaat, Anjanappa, Savitha, Klykov, Roman, Adeboye, Oyeleye O., Agic, Heda, Ahm, Anne‐Sofie C., Boag, Thomas H., Bowyer, Fred, Brocks, Jochen J., Brunoir, Tessa N., Canfield, Donald E., Chen, Xiaoyan, Cheng, Meng, Clarkson, Matthew O., Cole, Devon B., Cordie, David R., Crockford, Peter W., Cui, Huan, Dahl, Tais W., Mouro, Lucas D., Dewing, Keith, Dornbos, Stephen Q., Drabon, Nadja, Dumoulin, Julie A., Emmings, Joseph F., Endriga, Cecilia R., Fraser, Tiffani A., Gaines, Robert R., Gaschnig, Richard M., Gibson, Timothy M., Gilleaudeau, Geoffrey J., Gill, Benjamin C., Goldberg, Karin, Guilbaud, Romain, Halverson, Galen P., Hammarlund, Emma U., Hantsoo, Kalev G., Henderson, Miles A., Hodgskiss, Malcolm S.W., Horner, Tristan J., Husson, Jon M., Johnson, Benjamin, Kabanov, Pavel, Brenhin Keller, C., Kimmig, Julien, Kipp, Michael A., Knoll, Andrew H., Kreitsmann, Timmu, Kunzmann, Marcus, Kurzweil, Florian, LeRoy, Matthew A., Li, Chao, Lipp, Alex G., Loydell, David K., Lu, Xinze, Macdonald, Francis A., Magnall, Joseph M., Mänd, Kaarel, Mehra, Akshay, Melchin, Michael J., Miller, Austin J., Mills, N. Tanner, Mwinde, Chiza N., O'Connell, Brennan, Och, Lawrence M., Ossa Ossa, Frantz, Pagès, Anais, Paiste, Kärt, Partin, Camille A., Peters, Shanan E., Petrov, Peter, Playter, Tiffany L., Plaza‐Torres, Stephanie, Porter, Susannah M., Poulton, Simon W., Pruss, Sara B., Richoz, Sylvain, Ritzer, Samantha R., Rooney, Alan D., Sahoo, Swapan K., Schoepfer, Shane D., Sclafani, Judith A., Shen, Yanan, Shorttle, Oliver, Slotznick, Sarah P., Smith, Emily F., Spinks, Sam, Stockey, Richard G., Strauss, Justin V., Stüeken, Eva E., Tecklenburg, Sabrina, Thomson, Danielle, Tosca, Nicholas J., Uhlein, Gabriel J., Vizcaíno, Maoli N., Wang, Huajian, White, Tristan, Wilby, Philip R., Woltz, Christina R., Wood, Rachel A., Xiang, Lei, Yurchenko, Inessa A., Zhang, Tianran, Planavsky, Noah J., Lau, Kimberly V., Johnston, David T., Sperling, Erik A., Farrell, Úna C., Samawi, Rifaat, Anjanappa, Savitha, Klykov, Roman, Adeboye, Oyeleye O., Agic, Heda, Ahm, Anne‐Sofie C., Boag, Thomas H., Bowyer, Fred, Brocks, Jochen J., Brunoir, Tessa N., Canfield, Donald E., Chen, Xiaoyan, Cheng, Meng, Clarkson, Matthew O., Cole, Devon B., Cordie, David R., Crockford, Peter W., Cui, Huan, Dahl, Tais W., Mouro, Lucas D., Dewing, Keith, Dornbos, Stephen Q., Drabon, Nadja, Dumoulin, Julie A., Emmings, Joseph F., Endriga, Cecilia R., Fraser, Tiffani A., Gaines, Robert R., Gaschnig, Richard M., Gibson, Timothy M., Gilleaudeau, Geoffrey J., Gill, Benjamin C., Goldberg, Karin, Guilbaud, Romain, Halverson, Galen P., Hammarlund, Emma U., Hantsoo, Kalev G., Henderson, Miles A., Hodgskiss, Malcolm S.W., Horner, Tristan J., Husson, Jon M., Johnson, Benjamin, Kabanov, Pavel, Brenhin Keller, C., Kimmig, Julien, Kipp, Michael A., Knoll, Andrew H., Kreitsmann, Timmu, Kunzmann, Marcus, Kurzweil, Florian, LeRoy, Matthew A., Li, Chao, Lipp, Alex G., Loydell, David K., Lu, Xinze, Macdonald, Francis A., Magnall, Joseph M., Mänd, Kaarel, Mehra, Akshay, Melchin, Michael J., Miller, Austin J., Mills, N. Tanner, Mwinde, Chiza N., O'Connell, Brennan, Och, Lawrence M., Ossa Ossa, Frantz, Pagès, Anais, Paiste, Kärt, Partin, Camille A., Peters, Shanan E., Petrov, Peter, Playter, Tiffany L., Plaza‐Torres, Stephanie, Porter, Susannah M., Poulton, Simon W., Pruss, Sara B., Richoz, Sylvain, Ritzer, Samantha R., Rooney, Alan D., Sahoo, Swapan K., Schoepfer, Shane D., Sclafani, Judith A., Shen, Yanan, Shorttle, Oliver, Slotznick, Sarah P., Smith, Emily F., Spinks, Sam, Stockey, Richard G., Strauss, Justin V., Stüeken, Eva E., Tecklenburg, Sabrina, Thomson, Danielle, Tosca, Nicholas J., Uhlein, Gabriel J., Vizcaíno, Maoli N., Wang, Huajian, White, Tristan, Wilby, Philip R., Woltz, Christina R., Wood, Rachel A., Xiang, Lei, Yurchenko, Inessa A., Zhang, Tianran, Planavsky, Noah J., Lau, Kimberly V., Johnston, David T., and Sperling, Erik A.

Published
2021

9. Petrographic carbon in ancient sediments constrains Proterozoic Era atmospheric oxygen levels

Author

Canfield, Don E., van Zuilen, Mark A., Nabhan, Sami, Bjerrum, Christian J., Zhang, Shuichang, Wang, Huajian, Wang, Xiaomei, Canfield, Don E., van Zuilen, Mark A., Nabhan, Sami, Bjerrum, Christian J., Zhang, Shuichang, Wang, Huajian, and Wang, Xiaomei

Abstract

Oxygen concentration defines the chemical structure of Earth's ecosystems while it also fuels the metabolism of aerobic organisms. As different aerobes have different oxygen requirements, the evolution of oxygen levels through time has likely impacted both environmental chemistry and the history of life. Understanding the relationship between atmospheric oxygen levels, the chemical environment, and life, however, is hampered by uncertainties in the history of oxygen levels. We report over 5,700 Raman analyses of organic matter from nine geological formations spanning in time from 742 to 1,729 Ma. We find that organic matter was effectively oxidized during weathering and little was recycled into marine sediments. Indeed, during this time interval, organic matter was as efficiently oxidized during weathering as it is now. From these observations, we constrain minimum atmospheric oxygen levels to between 2 to 24% of present levels from the late Paleoproterozoic Era into the Neoproterozoic Era. Indeed, our results reveal that eukaryote evolution, including early animal evolution, was not likely hindered by oxygen through this time interval. Our results also show that due to efficient organic recycling during weathering, carbon cycle dynamics can be assessed directly from the sediment carbon record.

Published
2021

10. The Sedimentary Geochemistry and Paleoenvironments Project

Author

Farrell, Una C., Samawi, Rifaat, Anjanappa, Savitha, Klykov, Roman, Adeboye, Oyeleye O., Agic, Heda, Ahm, Anne-Sofie C., Boag, Thomas H., Bowyer, Fred, Brocks, Jochen J., Brunoir, Tessa N., Canfield, Donald E., Chen, Xiaoyan, Cheng, Meng, Clarkson, Matthew O., Cole, Devon B., Cordie, David R., Crockford, Peter W., Cui, Huan, Dahl, Tais W., Mouro, Lucas D., Dewing, Keith, Dornbos, Stephen Q., Drabon, Nadja, Dumoulin, Julie A., Emmings, Joseph F., Endriga, Cecilia R., Fraser, Tiffani A., Gaines, Robert R., Gaschnig, Richard M., Gibson, Timothy M., Gilleaudeau, Geoffrey J., Gill, Benjamin C., Goldberg, Karin, Guilbaud, Romain, Halverson, Galen P., Hammarlund, Emma U., Hantsoo, Kalev G., Henderson, Miles A., Hodgskiss, Malcolm S. W., Horner, Tristan J., Husson, Jon M., Johnson, Benjamin, Kabanov, Pavel, Brenhin Keller, C., Kimmig, Julien, Kipp, Michael A., Knoll, Andrew H., Kreitsmann, Timmu, Kunzmann, Marcus, Kurzweil, Florian, LeRoy, Matthew A., Li, Chao, Lipp, Alex G., Loydell, David K., Lu, Xinze, Macdonald, Francis A., Magnall, Joseph M., Mänd, Kaarel, Mehra, Akshay, Melchin, Michael J., Miller, Austin J., Mills, N. Tanner, Mwinde, Chiza N., O'Connell, Brennan, Och, Lawrence M., Ossa Ossa, Frantz, Pages, Anais, Paiste, Kärt, Partin, Camille A., Peters, Shanan E., Petrov, Peter, Playter, Tiffany L., Plaza-Torres, Stephanie, Porter, Susannah M., Poulton, Simon W., Pruss, Sara B., Richoz, Sylvain, Ritzer, Samantha R., Rooney, Alan D., Sahoo, Swapan K., Schoepfer, Shane D., Sclafani, Judith A., Shen, Yanan, Shorttle, Oliver, Slotznick, Sarah P., Smith, Emily F., Spinks, Sam, Stockey, Richard G., Strauss, Justin V., Stüeken, Eva E., Tecklenburg, Sabrina, Thomson, Danielle, Tosca, Nicholas J., Uhlein, Gabriel J., Vizcaino, Maoli N., Wang, Huajian, White, Tristan, Wilby, Philip R., Woltz, Christina R., Wood, Rachel A., Xiang, Lei, Yurchenko, Inessa A., Zhang, Tianran, Planavsky, Noah J., Lau, Kimberly V., Johnston, David T., Sperling, Erik A., Farrell, Una C., Samawi, Rifaat, Anjanappa, Savitha, Klykov, Roman, Adeboye, Oyeleye O., Agic, Heda, Ahm, Anne-Sofie C., Boag, Thomas H., Bowyer, Fred, Brocks, Jochen J., Brunoir, Tessa N., Canfield, Donald E., Chen, Xiaoyan, Cheng, Meng, Clarkson, Matthew O., Cole, Devon B., Cordie, David R., Crockford, Peter W., Cui, Huan, Dahl, Tais W., Mouro, Lucas D., Dewing, Keith, Dornbos, Stephen Q., Drabon, Nadja, Dumoulin, Julie A., Emmings, Joseph F., Endriga, Cecilia R., Fraser, Tiffani A., Gaines, Robert R., Gaschnig, Richard M., Gibson, Timothy M., Gilleaudeau, Geoffrey J., Gill, Benjamin C., Goldberg, Karin, Guilbaud, Romain, Halverson, Galen P., Hammarlund, Emma U., Hantsoo, Kalev G., Henderson, Miles A., Hodgskiss, Malcolm S. W., Horner, Tristan J., Husson, Jon M., Johnson, Benjamin, Kabanov, Pavel, Brenhin Keller, C., Kimmig, Julien, Kipp, Michael A., Knoll, Andrew H., Kreitsmann, Timmu, Kunzmann, Marcus, Kurzweil, Florian, LeRoy, Matthew A., Li, Chao, Lipp, Alex G., Loydell, David K., Lu, Xinze, Macdonald, Francis A., Magnall, Joseph M., Mänd, Kaarel, Mehra, Akshay, Melchin, Michael J., Miller, Austin J., Mills, N. Tanner, Mwinde, Chiza N., O'Connell, Brennan, Och, Lawrence M., Ossa Ossa, Frantz, Pages, Anais, Paiste, Kärt, Partin, Camille A., Peters, Shanan E., Petrov, Peter, Playter, Tiffany L., Plaza-Torres, Stephanie, Porter, Susannah M., Poulton, Simon W., Pruss, Sara B., Richoz, Sylvain, Ritzer, Samantha R., Rooney, Alan D., Sahoo, Swapan K., Schoepfer, Shane D., Sclafani, Judith A., Shen, Yanan, Shorttle, Oliver, Slotznick, Sarah P., Smith, Emily F., Spinks, Sam, Stockey, Richard G., Strauss, Justin V., Stüeken, Eva E., Tecklenburg, Sabrina, Thomson, Danielle, Tosca, Nicholas J., Uhlein, Gabriel J., Vizcaino, Maoli N., Wang, Huajian, White, Tristan, Wilby, Philip R., Woltz, Christina R., Wood, Rachel A., Xiang, Lei, Yurchenko, Inessa A., Zhang, Tianran, Planavsky, Noah J., Lau, Kimberly V., Johnston, David T., and Sperling, Erik A.

Published
2021

11. The Sedimentary Geochemistry and Paleoenvironments Project

Author

Farrell, Una C., Samawi, Rifaat, Anjanappa, Savitha, Klykov, Roman, Adeboye, Oyeleye O., Agic, Heda, Ahm, Anne-Sofie C., Boag, Thomas H., Bowyer, Fred, Brocks, Jochen J., Brunoir, Tessa N., Canfield, Donald E., Chen, Xiaoyan, Cheng, Meng, Clarkson, Matthew O., Cole, Devon B., Cordie, David R., Crockford, Peter W., Cui, Huan, Dahl, Tais W., Mouro, Lucas D., Dewing, Keith, Dornbos, Stephen Q., Drabon, Nadja, Dumoulin, Julie A., Emmings, Joseph F., Endriga, Cecilia R., Fraser, Tiffani A., Gaines, Robert R., Gaschnig, Richard M., Gibson, Timothy M., Gilleaudeau, Geoffrey J., Gill, Benjamin C., Goldberg, Karin, Guilbaud, Romain, Halverson, Galen P., Hammarlund, Emma U., Hantsoo, Kalev G., Henderson, Miles A., Hodgskiss, Malcolm S. W., Horner, Tristan J., Husson, Jon M., Johnson, Benjamin, Kabanov, Pavel, Brenhin Keller, C., Kimmig, Julien, Kipp, Michael A., Knoll, Andrew H., Kreitsmann, Timmu, Kunzmann, Marcus, Kurzweil, Florian, LeRoy, Matthew A., Li, Chao, Lipp, Alex G., Loydell, David K., Lu, Xinze, Macdonald, Francis A., Magnall, Joseph M., Mänd, Kaarel, Mehra, Akshay, Melchin, Michael J., Miller, Austin J., Mills, N. Tanner, Mwinde, Chiza N., O'Connell, Brennan, Och, Lawrence M., Ossa Ossa, Frantz, Pages, Anais, Paiste, Kärt, Partin, Camille A., Peters, Shanan E., Petrov, Peter, Playter, Tiffany L., Plaza-Torres, Stephanie, Porter, Susannah M., Poulton, Simon W., Pruss, Sara B., Richoz, Sylvain, Ritzer, Samantha R., Rooney, Alan D., Sahoo, Swapan K., Schoepfer, Shane D., Sclafani, Judith A., Shen, Yanan, Shorttle, Oliver, Slotznick, Sarah P., Smith, Emily F., Spinks, Sam, Stockey, Richard G., Strauss, Justin V., Stüeken, Eva E., Tecklenburg, Sabrina, Thomson, Danielle, Tosca, Nicholas J., Uhlein, Gabriel J., Vizcaino, Maoli N., Wang, Huajian, White, Tristan, Wilby, Philip R., Woltz, Christina R., Wood, Rachel A., Xiang, Lei, Yurchenko, Inessa A., Zhang, Tianran, Planavsky, Noah J., Lau, Kimberly V., Johnston, David T., Sperling, Erik A., Farrell, Una C., Samawi, Rifaat, Anjanappa, Savitha, Klykov, Roman, Adeboye, Oyeleye O., Agic, Heda, Ahm, Anne-Sofie C., Boag, Thomas H., Bowyer, Fred, Brocks, Jochen J., Brunoir, Tessa N., Canfield, Donald E., Chen, Xiaoyan, Cheng, Meng, Clarkson, Matthew O., Cole, Devon B., Cordie, David R., Crockford, Peter W., Cui, Huan, Dahl, Tais W., Mouro, Lucas D., Dewing, Keith, Dornbos, Stephen Q., Drabon, Nadja, Dumoulin, Julie A., Emmings, Joseph F., Endriga, Cecilia R., Fraser, Tiffani A., Gaines, Robert R., Gaschnig, Richard M., Gibson, Timothy M., Gilleaudeau, Geoffrey J., Gill, Benjamin C., Goldberg, Karin, Guilbaud, Romain, Halverson, Galen P., Hammarlund, Emma U., Hantsoo, Kalev G., Henderson, Miles A., Hodgskiss, Malcolm S. W., Horner, Tristan J., Husson, Jon M., Johnson, Benjamin, Kabanov, Pavel, Brenhin Keller, C., Kimmig, Julien, Kipp, Michael A., Knoll, Andrew H., Kreitsmann, Timmu, Kunzmann, Marcus, Kurzweil, Florian, LeRoy, Matthew A., Li, Chao, Lipp, Alex G., Loydell, David K., Lu, Xinze, Macdonald, Francis A., Magnall, Joseph M., Mänd, Kaarel, Mehra, Akshay, Melchin, Michael J., Miller, Austin J., Mills, N. Tanner, Mwinde, Chiza N., O'Connell, Brennan, Och, Lawrence M., Ossa Ossa, Frantz, Pages, Anais, Paiste, Kärt, Partin, Camille A., Peters, Shanan E., Petrov, Peter, Playter, Tiffany L., Plaza-Torres, Stephanie, Porter, Susannah M., Poulton, Simon W., Pruss, Sara B., Richoz, Sylvain, Ritzer, Samantha R., Rooney, Alan D., Sahoo, Swapan K., Schoepfer, Shane D., Sclafani, Judith A., Shen, Yanan, Shorttle, Oliver, Slotznick, Sarah P., Smith, Emily F., Spinks, Sam, Stockey, Richard G., Strauss, Justin V., Stüeken, Eva E., Tecklenburg, Sabrina, Thomson, Danielle, Tosca, Nicholas J., Uhlein, Gabriel J., Vizcaino, Maoli N., Wang, Huajian, White, Tristan, Wilby, Philip R., Woltz, Christina R., Wood, Rachel A., Xiang, Lei, Yurchenko, Inessa A., Zhang, Tianran, Planavsky, Noah J., Lau, Kimberly V., Johnston, David T., and Sperling, Erik A.

Published
2021

12. The modern phosphorus cycle informs interpretations of Mesoproterozoic Era phosphorus dynamics

Author

Canfield, Donald E., Bjerrum, Christian J., Zhang, Shuichang, Wang, Huajian, Wang, Xiaomei, Canfield, Donald E., Bjerrum, Christian J., Zhang, Shuichang, Wang, Huajian, and Wang, Xiaomei

Abstract

The cycles of phosphorus, carbon and oxygen are intimately linked. Indeed, in many models, phosphorus is considered the driver of the carbon and oxygen cycles, and low concentrations of atmospheric oxygen during the Mesoproterozoic Era have been linked to extreme phosphorus limitation in the Mesoproterozoic oceans. To evaluate the Mesoproterozoic Era phosphorus cycle, we analyze the concentrations of phosphorus, organic carbon, and selected trace metals in several geological formations of Mesoproterozoic age. We combine these analyses with literature data to explore the relationship between phosphorus and organic carbon removal into Mesoproterozoic Era sediments through a variety of water depths and water-column chemistries. We find that the ratio of organic carbon to reactive phosphorus (Corg/Preact) is largely invariant between different paleo-settings with average Corg/Preact that is either equal to or less than the Redfield ratio of 106/1 through all environments we explored. We put these results in the context of the modern phosphorus cycle which is reviewed here. Compared to modern phosphorus dynamics, we see no evidence for an anoxic-euxinic feedback between phosphorus burial, carbon burial and oxygen production during Mesoproterozoic times. However, we do identify an additional potential phosphorus feedback related to the relationship between anoxia and deep-sea phosphorus dynamics that could have importance in oxygen regulation through time. We find that the average value of Corg/Preact during the Mesoproterozoic Era was greater than the average for modern sediments. This result suggests that equal or more organic carbon was buried per unit of phosphorus during Mesoproterozoic times compared to today, a conclusion broadly consistent with the carbon isotope record. These results offer the possibility of a strong oxygen source to the atmosphere during the Mesoproterozoic Era, raising the conundrum as to why atmospheric oxygen levels were lower then when compa

Published
2020
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13. The modern phosphorus cycle informs interpretations of Mesoproterozoic Era phosphorus dynamics

Author

Canfield, Donald E., Bjerrum, Christian J., Zhang, Shuichang, Wang, Huajian, Wang, Xiaomei, Canfield, Donald E., Bjerrum, Christian J., Zhang, Shuichang, Wang, Huajian, and Wang, Xiaomei

Abstract

The cycles of phosphorus, carbon and oxygen are intimately linked. Indeed, in many models, phosphorus is considered the driver of the carbon and oxygen cycles, and low concentrations of atmospheric oxygen during the Mesoproterozoic Era have been linked to extreme phosphorus limitation in the Mesoproterozoic oceans. To evaluate the Mesoproterozoic Era phosphorus cycle, we analyze the concentrations of phosphorus, organic carbon, and selected trace metals in several geological formations of Mesoproterozoic age. We combine these analyses with literature data to explore the relationship between phosphorus and organic carbon removal into Mesoproterozoic Era sediments through a variety of water depths and water-column chemistries. We find that the ratio of organic carbon to reactive phosphorus (Corg/Preact) is largely invariant between different paleo-settings with average Corg/Preact that is either equal to or less than the Redfield ratio of 106/1 through all environments we explored. We put these results in the context of the modern phosphorus cycle which is reviewed here. Compared to modern phosphorus dynamics, we see no evidence for an anoxic-euxinic feedback between phosphorus burial, carbon burial and oxygen production during Mesoproterozoic times. However, we do identify an additional potential phosphorus feedback related to the relationship between anoxia and deep-sea phosphorus dynamics that could have importance in oxygen regulation through time. We find that the average value of Corg/Preact during the Mesoproterozoic Era was greater than the average for modern sediments. This result suggests that equal or more organic carbon was buried per unit of phosphorus during Mesoproterozoic times compared to today, a conclusion broadly consistent with the carbon isotope record. These results offer the possibility of a strong oxygen source to the atmosphere during the Mesoproterozoic Era, raising the conundrum as to why atmospheric oxygen levels were lower then when compa

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. The modern phosphorus cycle informs interpretations of Mesoproterozoic Era phosphorus dynamics

Author

Canfield, Donald E., Bjerrum, Christian J., Zhang, Shuichang, Wang, Huajian, Wang, Xiaomei, Canfield, Donald E., Bjerrum, Christian J., Zhang, Shuichang, Wang, Huajian, and Wang, Xiaomei

Abstract

The cycles of phosphorus, carbon and oxygen are intimately linked. Indeed, in many models, phosphorus is considered the driver of the carbon and oxygen cycles, and low concentrations of atmospheric oxygen during the Mesoproterozoic Era have been linked to extreme phosphorus limitation in the Mesoproterozoic oceans. To evaluate the Mesoproterozoic Era phosphorus cycle, we analyze the concentrations of phosphorus, organic carbon, and selected trace metals in several geological formations of Mesoproterozoic age. We combine these analyses with literature data to explore the relationship between phosphorus and organic carbon removal into Mesoproterozoic Era sediments through a variety of water depths and water-column chemistries. We find that the ratio of organic carbon to reactive phosphorus (Corg/Preact) is largely invariant between different paleo-settings with average Corg/Preact that is either equal to or less than the Redfield ratio of 106/1 through all environments we explored. We put these results in the context of the modern phosphorus cycle which is reviewed here. Compared to modern phosphorus dynamics, we see no evidence for an anoxic-euxinic feedback between phosphorus burial, carbon burial and oxygen production during Mesoproterozoic times. However, we do identify an additional potential phosphorus feedback related to the relationship between anoxia and deep-sea phosphorus dynamics that could have importance in oxygen regulation through time. We find that the average value of Corg/Preact during the Mesoproterozoic Era was greater than the average for modern sediments. This result suggests that equal or more organic carbon was buried per unit of phosphorus during Mesoproterozoic times compared to today, a conclusion broadly consistent with the carbon isotope record. These results offer the possibility of a strong oxygen source to the atmosphere during the Mesoproterozoic Era, raising the con

Published
2020

18. A mesoproterozoic iron formation

Author

Canfield, Donald E, Zhang, Shuichang, Wang, Huajian, Wang, Xiaomei, Zhao, Wenzhi, Su, Jin, Bjerrum, Christian J., Haxen, Emma Rysgaard, Hammarlund, Emma U, Canfield, Donald E, Zhang, Shuichang, Wang, Huajian, Wang, Xiaomei, Zhao, Wenzhi, Su, Jin, Bjerrum, Christian J., Haxen, Emma Rysgaard, and Hammarlund, Emma U

Abstract

We describe a 1,400 million-year old (Ma) iron formation (IF) from the Xiamaling Formation of the North China Craton. We estimate this IF to have contained at least 520 gigatons of authigenic Fe, comparable in size to many IFs of the Paleoproterozoic Era (2,500-1,600 Ma). Therefore, substantial IFs formed in the time window between 1,800 and 800 Ma, where they are generally believed to have been absent. The Xiamaling IF is of exceptionally low thermal maturity, allowing the preservation of organic biomarkers and an unprecedented view of iron-cycle dynamics during IF emplacement. We identify tetramethyl aryl isoprenoid (TMAI) biomarkers linked to anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria and thus phototrophic Fe oxidation. Although we cannot rule out other pathways of Fe oxidation, iron and organic matter likely deposited to the sediment in a ratio similar to that expected for anoxygenic photosynthesis. Fe reduction was likely a dominant and efficient pathway of organic matter mineralization, as indicated by organic matter maturation by Rock Eval pyrolysis combined with carbon isotope analyses: Indeed, Fe reduction was seemingly as efficient as oxic respiration. Overall, this Mesoproterozoic-aged IF shows many similarities to Archean-aged (>2,500 Ma) banded IFs (BIFs), but with an exceptional state of preservation, allowing an unprecedented exploration of Fe-cycle dynamics in IF deposition.

Published
2018

20. Oxygen, climate and the chemical evolution of a 1400 million year old tropical marine setting

Author

Wang, Xiaomei, Zhang, Shuichang, Wang, Huajian, Bjerrum, Christian J., Hammarlund, Emma U., Haxen, Emma R., Su, Jin, Wang, Yu, Canfield, Donald E., Wang, Xiaomei, Zhang, Shuichang, Wang, Huajian, Bjerrum, Christian J., Hammarlund, Emma U., Haxen, Emma R., Su, Jin, Wang, Yu, and Canfield, Donald E.

Abstract

The Xiamaling Formation is an exceptionally well-preserved sedimentary succession deposited on a marine passive margin about 1400 million years ago. We used a multi-proxy approach, including iron speciation, trace metal dynamics, and organic geochemistry, to explore the evolution of ocean chemistry through most of the Xiamaling Formation. This evolution is put in the context of the paleogeography and the sedimentological evolution of the Xiamaling depositional system. Overall, the Xiamaling Formation is informally divided into six units based on both sedimentological and geochemical criteria. Of the six units, we fully explored four of them. Unit 4, the lowest unit we studied, is comprised of deep-water red muds, periodically interrupted by green-colored silt and sandy turbidites. Iron extraction results show that the red muds are enriched in highly reactive iron, indicating a water-column source for the iron. However, the low organic carbon contents, low hydrogen index (HI) values, and the oxidized nature of the reactive iron pool indicate deposition in oxygenated bottom waters. We interpret unit 4 to represent a low-productivity ferruginous oxygen-minimum zone (OMZ) environment, underlain by oxygenated bottom waters. The transition to unit 3 reflects an increase in primary productivity, and the development of a more biologically active OMZ, that supported anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria. Still, in this unit, the bottom waters remained oxygenated. The overlying unit 2 represents the transition to deep-water deoxygen-ation and anoxic waters at the sediment surface. These waters were ferruginous in the bottom part of the unit and sulfidic (euxinic) towards the top. In the uppermost unit 1, euxinic conditions continued, punctuated by more frequent water-column oxygenation towards the upper part of the unit. We place the evolution of these chemical dynamics in the context of climate and climate change, and in particular, the placement of the Xiamaling Formation in

Published
2017

21. Sufficient oxygen for animal respiration 1,400 million years ago

Author

Zhang, Shuichang, Wang, Xiaomei, Wang, Huajian, Bjerrum, Christian J., Hammarlund, Emma U., Canas Portela Costa, Maria Mafalda, Connelly, James, Zhang, Baomin, Su, Jin, Canfield, Donald E, Zhang, Shuichang, Wang, Xiaomei, Wang, Huajian, Bjerrum, Christian J., Hammarlund, Emma U., Canas Portela Costa, Maria Mafalda, Connelly, James, Zhang, Baomin, Su, Jin, and Canfield, Donald E

Abstract

The Mesoproterozoic Eon [1,600-1,000 million years ago (Ma)] is emerging as a key interval in Earth history, with a unique geochemical history that might have influenced the course of biological evolution on Earth. Indeed, although this time interval is rather poorly understood, recent chromium isotope results suggest that atmospheric oxygen levels were <0.1% of present levels, sufficiently low to have inhibited the evolution of animal life. In contrast, using a different approach, we explore the distribution and enrichments of redox-sensitive trace metals in the 1,400 Ma sediments of Unit 3 of the Xiamaling Formation, North China Block. Patterns of trace metal enrichments reveal oxygenated bottom waters during deposition of the sediments, and biomarker results demonstrate the presence of green sulfur bacteria in the water column. Thus, we document an ancient oxygen minimum zone. We develop a simple, yet comprehensive, model of marine carbon-oxygen cycle dynamics to show that our geochemical results are consistent with atmospheric oxygen levels >4% of present-day levels. Therefore, in contrast to previous suggestions, we show that there was sufficient oxygen to fuel animal respiration long before the evolution of animals themselves.

Published
2016

23. Orbital forcing of climate 1.4 billion years ago

Author

Zhang, Shuichang, Wang, Xiaomei, Hammarlund, Emma U., Wang, Huajian, Canas Portela Costa, Maria Mafalda, Bjerrum, Christian J., Connelly, James, Zhang, Baomin, Bian, Lizeng, Canfield, Donald E., Zhang, Shuichang, Wang, Xiaomei, Hammarlund, Emma U., Wang, Huajian, Canas Portela Costa, Maria Mafalda, Bjerrum, Christian J., Connelly, James, Zhang, Baomin, Bian, Lizeng, and Canfield, Donald E.

Published
2015

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