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In dieser Arbeit werden klassische Verfahren der Architektur und Strategien der Steuerung verfahrenstheoretisch und wirkungsgeschichtlich analysiert. Dabei wird deutlich, dass sich die Disziplin entweder in einem auf ökonomische Produktivität ausgerichteten Konfliktmodus oder in einem Modus der Konfliktvermeidung befindet. Angesichts einer „neuen Konflikthaftigkeit“ stellt sich die Frage, ob es auch in der Architektur eines neuen Konfliktverständnisses bedarf, das die Chance darstellt, jene sich ankündigende Umbrüche zu bewältigen, wenn nicht gar zu gestalten., In this work, classical procedures of architecture and strategies of control are analysed in terms of procedural theory and history of effects. In the process, it becomes clear that the discipline is either in a mode of conflict oriented towards economic productivity or in a mode of conflict avoidance. In light of a "new conflictuality", the question arises as to whether a new understanding of conflict is also needed in architecture, which represents the opportunity to cope with, if not shape, those imminent upheavals.

Imaging spectroscopy has demonstrated its interest in characterizing the biochemical, biophysical and structural properties of vegetation, natural and agricultural soils, as well as artificial surfaces. Following the Hyperion mission, new space missions have emerged (PRISMA, EnMap), or are under study (CHIME, SBG). However, one of their main limitations lies in their spatial resolution that induces a large number of mixed pixels reducing their potential for discrimination for very heterogeneous areas. The BIODIVERSITY mission aims to complement these space missions with better GSD acquisitions (typically 8-10 m) with a 5-day revisit on targeted reference sites with identified and well-located characteristics. It will thus make it possible, in particular, to answer two scientific issues that will design the instrument. The first issue concerns the spatial and temporal distribution of vegetation traits in species assemblages; these traits are associated with the resilience of terrestrial ecosystems, anthropogenic influences, and the biodiversity of ecosystems in terms of species composition and assemblages. The second issue relates to improving our knowledge of coastal areas and inland waters in terms of biodiversity, water quality and bathymetry, in order to assess the impact of human activity on their ecosytems. The scientific challenges as well as the user requirements for such a mission are presented for each application., L’imagerie hyperspectrale a démontré son intérêt pour la caractérisation des propriétés biochimiques, biophysiques et structurelles de la végétation, des sols naturels et agricoles ainsi que des surfaces artificialisées. A la suite de la mission Hyperion, de nouvelles missions spatiales ont vu le jour (PRISMA, EnMAP), ou sont en phase d’étude (SBG, CHIME). Ces spectro-imageurs ont une résolution spatiale au sol de l’ordre de 30 m, un large champ de vue et peuvent couvrir de vastes zones du globe terrestre afin de caractériser les écosystèmes terrestres et océaniques avec un temps de revisite variant de 4 à 16 jours. Néanmoins, leur résolution spatiale est limitée ce qui induit un nombre important de pixels mixtes réduisant leur potentiel de discrimination pour des zones hétérogènes. La mission BIODIVERSITY a pour objectif de compléter ces missions par des acquisitions de meilleure résolution spatiale (typiquement 8-10 m) avec une revisite de l’ordre de 5 jours sur des sites de référence ciblés possédant des caractéristiques identifiées et bien localisées. Elle permettra ainsi de répondre à deux problématiques scientifiques qui vont dimensionner l’instrument. La première problématique porte sur la distribution spatiale et temporelle des traits de la végétation dans les assemblages d’espèces ; ces traits sont associés à la résilience des écosystèmes terrestres, aux influences anthropiques et à la biodiversité des écosystèmes en termes de composition et d’assemblages en espèces. La seconde problématique porte sur l’amélioration de nos connaissances des zones côtières et des eaux continentales en termes de biodiversité, de qualité des eaux et de bathymétrie, pour ensuite évaluer l’impact de l’activité anthropique sur leurs écosystèmes. Enfin, ces deux applications qui déterminent les spécifications de l’instrument seront complétées par l’étude, à fine résolution spatiale, de l’impact des pratiques de gestion des sols dans un processus environnemental tels que le stockag

Imaging spectroscopy has demonstrated its interest in characterizing the biochemical, biophysical and structural properties of vegetation, natural and agricultural soils, as well as artificial surfaces. Following the Hyperion mission, new space missions have emerged (PRISMA, EnMap), or are under study (CHIME, SBG). However, one of their main limitations lies in their spatial resolution that induces a large number of mixed pixels reducing their potential for discrimination for very heterogeneous areas. The BIODIVERSITY mission aims to complement these space missions with better GSD acquisitions (typically 8-10 m) with a 5-day revisit on targeted reference sites with identified and well-located characteristics. It will thus make it possible, in particular, to answer two scientific issues that will design the instrument. The first issue concerns the spatial and temporal distribution of vegetation traits in species assemblages; these traits are associated with the resilience of terrestrial ecosystems, anthropogenic influences, and the biodiversity of ecosystems in terms of species composition and assemblages. The second issue relates to improving our knowledge of coastal areas and inland waters in terms of biodiversity, water quality and bathymetry, in order to assess the impact of human activity on their ecosytems. The scientific challenges as well as the user requirements for such a mission are presented for each application., L’imagerie hyperspectrale a démontré son intérêt pour la caractérisation des propriétés biochimiques, biophysiques et structurelles de la végétation, des sols naturels et agricoles ainsi que des surfaces artificialisées. A la suite de la mission Hyperion, de nouvelles missions spatiales ont vu le jour (PRISMA, EnMAP), ou sont en phase d’étude (SBG, CHIME). Ces spectro-imageurs ont une résolution spatiale au sol de l’ordre de 30 m, un large champ de vue et peuvent couvrir de vastes zones du globe terrestre afin de caractériser les écosystèmes terrestres et océaniques avec un temps de revisite variant de 4 à 16 jours. Néanmoins, leur résolution spatiale est limitée ce qui induit un nombre important de pixels mixtes réduisant leur potentiel de discrimination pour des zones hétérogènes. La mission BIODIVERSITY a pour objectif de compléter ces missions par des acquisitions de meilleure résolution spatiale (typiquement 8-10 m) avec une revisite de l’ordre de 5 jours sur des sites de référence ciblés possédant des caractéristiques identifiées et bien localisées. Elle permettra ainsi de répondre à deux problématiques scientifiques qui vont dimensionner l’instrument. La première problématique porte sur la distribution spatiale et temporelle des traits de la végétation dans les assemblages d’espèces ; ces traits sont associés à la résilience des écosystèmes terrestres, aux influences anthropiques et à la biodiversité des écosystèmes en termes de composition et d’assemblages en espèces. La seconde problématique porte sur l’amélioration de nos connaissances des zones côtières et des eaux continentales en termes de biodiversité, de qualité des eaux et de bathymétrie, pour ensuite évaluer l’impact de l’activité anthropique sur leurs écosystèmes. Enfin, ces deux applications qui déterminent les spécifications de l’instrument seront complétées par l’étude, à fine résolution spatiale, de l’impact des pratiques de gestion des sols dans un processus environnemental tels que le stockag

Environmental research and management organizations are mutually dependent when it comes to produce and use knowledge in favor of responsible action in an increasingly uncertain world. Still, science and practice interfacing remains a challenge when it comes to implementing and sustaining a collaborative process. In this paper, we develop a descriptive framework to study the coevolution of scientific and planning activities embedded in a territorial system. Scientists and managers dynamically interact through institutional arrangements, operationalization of knowledge and information and communication tools. We propose an approach to systematically document transdisciplinary pathways and characterize the bounding process between organizations on a typical case-study, the coastal Thau territoire (Mediterranean Sea, France). By tracing, illustrating and analyzing coupled trajectories of environmental sciences and planning for the last decades, the Systemic Timeline Multistep methodology tackles cross-fertilization mechanisms. The relational analysis draws on the elaboration of a synchronic timeline to question co-evolution and grasp causal mechanisms of research projects interactions with management pathways. Its application on the Thau territoire shows that scientific activities and public actions shaped each other in a continuous process of interaction. It also gives insights into the contributive roles of long-term place-based research and intermediate organizations for the emergence of new sociotechnical arrangements

Environmental research and management organizations are mutually dependent when it comes to produce and use knowledge in favor of responsible action in an increasingly uncertain world. Still, science and practice interfacing remains a challenge when it comes to implementing and sustaining a collaborative process. In this paper, we develop a descriptive framework to study the coevolution of scientific and planning activities embedded in a territorial system. Scientists and managers dynamically interact through institutional arrangements, operationalization of knowledge and information and communication tools. We propose an approach to systematically document transdisciplinary pathways and characterize the bounding process between organizations on a typical case-study, the coastal Thau territoire (Mediterranean Sea, France). By tracing, illustrating and analyzing coupled trajectories of environmental sciences and planning for the last decades, the Systemic Timeline Multistep methodology tackles cross-fertilization mechanisms. The relational analysis draws on the elaboration of a synchronic timeline to question co-evolution and grasp causal mechanisms of research projects interactions with management pathways. Its application on the Thau territoire shows that scientific activities and public actions shaped each other in a continuous process of interaction. It also gives insights into the contributive roles of long-term place-based research and intermediate organizations for the emergence of new sociotechnical arrangements

Environmental research and management organizations are mutually dependent when it comes to produce and use knowledge in favor of responsible action in an increasingly uncertain world. Still, science and practice interfacing remains a challenge when it comes to implementing and sustaining a collaborative process. In this paper, we develop a descriptive framework to study the coevolution of scientific and planning activities embedded in a territorial system. Scientists and managers dynamically interact through institutional arrangements, operationalization of knowledge and information and communication tools. We propose an approach to systematically document transdisciplinary pathways and characterize the bounding process between organizations on a typical case-study, the coastal Thau territoire (Mediterranean Sea, France). By tracing, illustrating and analyzing coupled trajectories of environmental sciences and planning for the last decades, the Systemic Timeline Multistep methodology tackles cross-fertilization mechanisms. The relational analysis draws on the elaboration of a synchronic timeline to question co-evolution and grasp causal mechanisms of research projects interactions with management pathways. Its application on the Thau territoire shows that scientific activities and public actions shaped each other in a continuous process of interaction. It also gives insights into the contributive roles of long-term place-based research and intermediate organizations for the emergence of new sociotechnical arrangements

Biomimetic robots (BRs) are becoming more common in behavioral research and, if they are accepted as conspecifics, allow for new forms of experimental manipulations of social interactions. Nevertheless, it is often not clear which cues emanating from a BR are actually used as communicative signals and how species or populations with different sensory makeups react to specific types of BRs. We herein present results from experiments using two populations of livebearing fishes that differ in their sensory capabilities. In the South of Mexico, surface-dwelling mollies (Poecilia mexicana) successfully invaded caves and adapted to dark conditions. While almost without pigment, these cave mollies possess smaller but still functional eyes. Although previous studies found cave mollies to show reduced shoaling preferences with conspecifics in light compared to surface mollies, it is assumed that they possess specialized adaptations to maintain some kind of sociality also in their dark habitats. By testing surface- and cave-dwelling mollies with RoboFish, a BR made for use in laboratory experiments with guppies and sticklebacks, we asked to what extent visual and non-visual cues play a role in their social behavior. Both cave- and surface-dwelling mollies followed the BR as well as a live companion when tested in light. However, when tested in darkness, only surface-dwelling fish were attracted by a live conspecific, whereas cave-dwelling fish were not. Neither cave- nor surface-dwelling mollies were attracted to RoboFish in darkness. This is the first study to use BRs for the investigation of social behavior in mollies and to compare responses to BRs both in light and darkness. As our RoboFish is accepted as conspecific by both used populations of the Atlantic molly only under light conditions but not in darkness, we argue that our replica is providing mostly visual cues., Peer Reviewed

Biomimetic robots (BRs) are becoming more common in behavioral research and, if they are accepted as conspecifics, allow for new forms of experimental manipulations of social interactions. Nevertheless, it is often not clear which cues emanating from a BR are actually used as communicative signals and how species or populations with different sensory makeups react to specific types of BRs. We herein present results from experiments using two populations of livebearing fishes that differ in their sensory capabilities. In the South of Mexico, surface-dwelling mollies (Poecilia mexicana) successfully invaded caves and adapted to dark conditions. While almost without pigment, these cave mollies possess smaller but still functional eyes. Although previous studies found cave mollies to show reduced shoaling preferences with conspecifics in light compared to surface mollies, it is assumed that they possess specialized adaptations to maintain some kind of sociality also in their dark habitats. By testing surface- and cave-dwelling mollies with RoboFish, a BR made for use in laboratory experiments with guppies and sticklebacks, we asked to what extent visual and non-visual cues play a role in their social behavior. Both cave- and surface-dwelling mollies followed the BR as well as a live companion when tested in light. However, when tested in darkness, only surface-dwelling fish were attracted by a live conspecific, whereas cave-dwelling fish were not. Neither cave- nor surface-dwelling mollies were attracted to RoboFish in darkness. This is the first study to use BRs for the investigation of social behavior in mollies and to compare responses to BRs both in light and darkness. As our RoboFish is accepted as conspecific by both used populations of the Atlantic molly only under light conditions but not in darkness, we argue that our replica is providing mostly visual cues., Peer Reviewed

BackgroundActive transportation has been associated with favorable health outcomes. Previous research highlighted the influence of neighborhood educational level on active transportation. However, little is known regarding the effect of commuting distance on social disparities in active commuting. In this regard, women have been poorly studied. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the relationship between neighborhood educational level and active commuting, and to assess whether the commuting distance modifies this relationship in adult women.MethodsThis cross-sectional study is based on a subsample of women from the Nutrinet-Santé web-cohort (N = 1169). Binomial, log-binomial and negative binomial regressions were used to assess the associations between neighborhood education level and (i) the likelihood of reporting any active commuting time, and (ii) the share of commuting time made by active transportation modes. Potential effect measure modification of distance to work on the previous associations was assessed both on the additive and the multiplicative scales.ResultsNeighborhood education level was positively associated with the probability of reporting any active commuting time (relative risk = 1.774; p < 0.05) and the share of commuting time spent active (relative risk = 1.423; p < 0.05). The impact of neighborhood education was greater at long distances to work for both outcomes.ConclusionsOur results suggest that neighborhood educational disparities in active commuting tend to increase with commuting distance among women. Further research is needed to provide geographically driven guidance for health promotion intervention aiming at reducing disparities in active transportation among socioeconomic groups.

BackgroundActive transportation has been associated with favorable health outcomes. Previous research highlighted the influence of neighborhood educational level on active transportation. However, little is known regarding the effect of commuting distance on social disparities in active commuting. In this regard, women have been poorly studied. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the relationship between neighborhood educational level and active commuting, and to assess whether the commuting distance modifies this relationship in adult women.MethodsThis cross-sectional study is based on a subsample of women from the Nutrinet-Santé web-cohort (N = 1169). Binomial, log-binomial and negative binomial regressions were used to assess the associations between neighborhood education level and (i) the likelihood of reporting any active commuting time, and (ii) the share of commuting time made by active transportation modes. Potential effect measure modification of distance to work on the previous associations was assessed both on the additive and the multiplicative scales.ResultsNeighborhood education level was positively associated with the probability of reporting any active commuting time (relative risk = 1.774; p < 0.05) and the share of commuting time spent active (relative risk = 1.423; p < 0.05). The impact of neighborhood education was greater at long distances to work for both outcomes.ConclusionsOur results suggest that neighborhood educational disparities in active commuting tend to increase with commuting distance among women. Further research is needed to provide geographically driven guidance for health promotion intervention aiming at reducing disparities in active transportation among socioeconomic groups.

Circadian regulation of neutrophil homeostasis affects myocardial infarction (MI) healing. It is unknown whether diurnal variations of monocyte counts exist in the heart and whether this affects their cardiac infiltration in response to MI., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

SCOPUS: sh.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Anti-inflammatory strategies to reduce neutrophil-driven acute post-MI injury have been shown to limit acute cardiac tissue damage. On the other hand, whether neutrophils are required for resolving post-MI inflammation and repair is unknown., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Background -The pericardial adipose tissue (AT) contains a high density of lymphoid clusters. Is unknown whether these clusters play a role in post-myocardial infarction (MI) inflammatory responses and cardiac outcome. Methods -Lymphoid clusters were examined in epicardial AT of humans with or without coronary artery disease (CAD). Murine pericardial lymphoid clusters were visualized in mice subjected to coronary artery ligation. To study the relevance of pericardial clusters during inflammatory responses after MI, we surgically removed the pericardial AT, performed B cell depletion and GM-CSF blockade. Leukocytes in murine hearts, pericardial AT, spleen, mediastinal lymph nodes, and bone marrow were quantified by flow cytometry. Cannabinoid receptor CB2 (CB2-/-) mice were used as a model for enhanced B cell responses. The effect of impaired dendritic cell (DC) trafficking on pericardial AT inflammatory responses was tested in CCR7-/- mice subjected to MI. Cardiac fibrosis and ventricular function were assessed by histology and echocardiography. Results -We identified larger B cell clusters in epicardial AT of human CAD patients compared to controls without CAD. Infarcted mice also had larger pericardial clusters and 3-fold upregulated numbers of GM-CSF-producing B cells within pericardial AT, but not spleen or lymph nodes. This was associated with higher DC and T cell counts in pericardial AT, which outnumbered DCs and T cells in lymph nodes. Analysis of DC maturation markers, tracking experiments with fluorescently labelled cells and use of CCR7-deficient mice suggested that activated DCs migrate from infarcts into pericardial AT via CCR7. B cell depletion or GM-CSF neutralization inhibited DC and T cell expansion within pericardial AT, and translated into reduced bone marrow granulopoiesis and cardiac neutrophil infiltration 3 days after MI. The relevance of the pericardial AT in mediating all these effects was confirmed by removal of pericardial AT and ex vivo c, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Urban ecology is a field encompassing multiple disciplines and practical applications and has grown rapidly. However, the field is heterogeneous as a global inquiry with multiple theoretical and conceptual frameworks, variable research approaches, and a lack of coordination among multiple schools of thought and research foci. Here, we present an international consensus on how urban ecology can advance along multiple research directions. There is potential for the field to mature as a holistic, integrated science of urban systems. Such an integrated science could better inform decisionmakers who need increased understanding of complex relationships among social, ecological, economic, and built infrastructure systems. To advance the field requires conceptual synthesis, knowledge and data sharing; cross-city comparative research, new intellectual networks, and engagement with additional disciplines. We consider challenges and opportunities for understanding dynamics of urban systems. We suggest pathways for advancing urban ecology research to support the goals of improving urban sustainability and resilience, conserving urban biodiversity, and promoting human well-being on an urbanizing planet.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of death in Western countries. Epidemiological studies show acute MI to be more prevalent in the morning and to be associated with a poorer outcome in terms of mortality and recovery. The mechanisms behind this association are not fully understood. Here, we report that circadian oscillations of neutrophil recruitment to the heart determine infarct size, healing, and cardiac function after MI Preferential cardiac neutrophil recruitment during the active phase (Zeitgeber time, ZT13) was paralleled by enhanced myeloid progenitor production, increased circulating numbers of CXCR2(hi) neutrophils as well as upregulated cardiac adhesion molecule and chemokine expression. MI at ZT13 resulted in significantly higher cardiac neutrophil infiltration compared to ZT5, which was inhibited by CXCR2 antagonism or neutrophil-specific CXCR2 knockout. Limiting exaggerated neutrophilic inflammation at this time point significantly reduced the infarct size and improved cardiac function., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Background: Fish is one of the most allergenic foods. While clinical cross-reactivity among different fishes is a widely accepted feature of fish allergy, associations with other food allergies are not well understood. This study aims at analyzing the relevance of clinical cross-reactivity between fish and chicken meat in patients with allergy to chicken meat without sensitization to hen's eggs. Methods: Patients with food allergy to fish and chicken meat (n = 29) or chicken meat only (n = 7) were recruited. IgE-reactive chicken proteins were identified (Edman, MS analysis) and quantified (ELISA). Allergens were used in IgE ELISA and skin testing. Results: Chicken parvalbumin and two new allergens, aldolase and enolase, were identified at 12, 40, and 50 kDa, respectively. They were recognized by sIgE of 61%, 75%, and 83% of all patient sera which were in the majority of the cases positive for the fish homologues as well. Fish and chicken meat allergens were highly cross-reactive while high inhibition rates with fish or chicken allergens correlated with the patients' primary sensitization to fish or chicken. In cooked or roasted foods, enolase and aldolase were detectable in chicken breast while parvalbumin was detectable in chicken legs and wings. Conclusions: Fish and chicken meat are cross-reactive foods; both fish-allergic and chicken meat-allergic patients might be at risk of developing a food allergy to chicken meat or to fish, respectively. This clinical phenomenon is proposed to be termed ‘fish–chicken syndrome’ with cross-reactive allergens involved being parvalbumins, enolases, and aldolases., SCOPUS: ar.j, FLWIN, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

In acute and chronic inflammation, neutrophils and platelets, both of which promote monocyte recruitment, are often activated simultaneously. We investigated how secretory products of neutrophils and platelets synergize to enhance the recruitment of monocytes. We found that neutrophil-borne human neutrophil peptide 1 (HNP1, α-defensin) and platelet-derived CCL5 form heteromers. These heteromers stimulate monocyte adhesion through CCR5 ligation. We further determined structural features of HNP1-CCL5 heteromers and designed a stable peptide that could disturb proinflammatory HNP1-CCL5 interactions. This peptide attenuated monocyte and macrophage recruitment in a mouse model of myocardial infarction. These results establish the in vivo relevance of heteromers formed between proteins released from neutrophils and platelets and show the potential of targeting heteromer formation to resolve acute or chronic inflammation., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

BACKGROUND: Given the unfavourable health outcomes associated with sedentary behaviours, there is a need to better understand the context in which these behaviours take place to better address this public health concern. We explored self-reported sedentary behaviours by type of day (work/non-work), occupation, and perceptions towards physical activity, in a large sample of adults.METHODS: We assessed sedentary behaviours cross-sectionally in 35,444 working adults (mean ± SD age: 44.5 ± 13.0 y) from the French NutriNet-Santé web-based cohort. Participants self-reported sedentary behaviours, assessed as domain-specific sitting time (work, transport, leisure) and time spent in sedentary entertainment (TV/DVD, computer and other screen-based activities, non-screen-based activities) on workdays and non-workdays, along with occupation type (ranging from mainly sitting to heavy manual work) and perceptions towards physical activity. Associations of each type of sedentary behaviour with occupation type and perceptions towards physical activity were analysed by day type in multiple linear regression analyses.RESULTS: On workdays, adults spent a mean (SD) of 4.17 (3.07) h/day in work sitting, 1.10 (1.69) h/day in transport sitting, 2.19 (1.62) h/day in leisure-time sitting, 1.53 (1.24) h/day viewing TV/DVDs, 2.19 (2.62) h/day on other screen time, and 0.97 (1.49) on non-screen time. On non-workdays, this was 0.85 (1.53) h/day in transport sitting, 3.19 (2.05) h/day in leisure-time sitting, 2.24 (1.76) h/day viewing TV/DVDs, 1.85 (1.74) h/day on other screen time, and 1.30 (1.35) on non-screen time. Time spent in sedentary behaviours differed by occupation type, with more sedentary behaviour outside of work (both sitting and entertainment time), in those with sedentary occupations, especially on workdays. Negative perceptions towards physical activity were associated with more sedentary behaviour outside of work (both sitting and entertainment time), irrespect

La place attribuée aux espaces verts par les politiques urbaines depuis le XIXe siècle en France a connu plusieurs phases. Selon les tendances urbanistiques adoptées, trois périodes principales peuvent être identifiées : il s’agit de l’ère de l’urbanisme fonctionnaliste, de celle de l’urbanisme durable et enfin l’émergence de l’urbanisme écologique. Tout au long de ces périodes, de nouvelles pratiques de gestion et différentes typologies d’espaces verts sont apparues. Les espaces végétalisés urbains ont ainsi évolué par rapport à un « gradient de naturalité », allant des jardins privés à forte valeur ornementale à la trame verte urbaine multifonctionnelle. De nos jours, les études menées sur « la nature » en ville se structurent en fonction de deux orientations principales : (i) l’évaluation des services écosystémiques rendus par la biodiversité et (ii) la mise en connectivité des habitats particuliers. L’objectif de cet article est de proposer une synthèse de l’évolution de la place du végétal en ville à la fois dans les diverses théories urbanistiques et dans les pratiques urbanistiques., Since the XIX century, the role of green space in French urban policies underwent significant changes. Regarding the objectives of planning, we can identify three periods in which new management practices and many novel typologies of green spaces appeared: functionalist urban planning, sustainable urban planning and ecological urban planning. Therefore, the evolution of urban green spaces was based on “aturalness gradient”: from private garden with a high aesthetic level to multipurpose urban greenways. Nowadays, studies that focus on “ature”in the city are based on tow principles: (i) the evaluation of ecosystem services and (ii) the connectivity of particular habitats. The aim of this paper is to trace the historic evolution of the role of green areas in cities with reference to the diverse theories and practices of urban planning.

Purpose: Previous research on the influence of the food environment on weight status has often used impersonal measures food environment defined for residential neighborhoods, which ignore whether people actually use the food outlets near their residence. To assess whether supermarkets are relevant contexts for interventions, the present study explored between-residential neighborhood and between-supermarket variations in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), and investigated associations between brands and characteristics of supermarkets and BMI or WC, after adjustment for individual and residential neighborhood characteristics. Methods: Participants in the RECORD Cohort Study (Paris Region, France, 2007-2008) were surveyed on the supermarket (brand and exact location) where they conducted their food shopping. Overall, 7 131 participants shopped in 1 097 different supermarkets. Cross-classified multilevel linear models were estimated for BMI and WC. Results: Just 11.4% of participants shopped for food primarily within their residential neighborhood. After accounting for participants' residential neighborhood, people shopping in the same supermarket had a more comparable BMI and WC than participants shopping in different supermarkets. After adjustment for individual and residential neighborhood characteristics, participants shopping in specific supermarket brands, in hard discount supermarkets (especially if they had a low education), and in supermarkets whose catchment area comprised low educated residents had a higher BMI/WC. Conclusion: A public health strategy to reduce excess weight may be to intervene on specific supermarkets to change food purchasing behavior, as supermarkets are where dietary preferences are materialized into definite purchased foods.

Suite à des catastrophes majeures, la cartographie des zones sinistrées est importante pour la planification des secours humanitaires et la reconstruction. Les cartes de dégâts produites par les organismes internationaux, comme l’ONU et la Banque mondiale, sont souvent basées sur la photo-interprétation des images de télédétection mobilisant quelques centaines d’experts sur plusieurs jours, voire semaines. Par conséquent, certains auteurs préconisent le recours à des approches automatiques, notamment orientées objet. Malgré leur relativement bonne précision, ces approches sont critiquées, jugées trop complexes à opérationnaliser dans un temps limité. L’objectif premier de cet article est de vérifier si la détection orientée objet des dégâts demeure difficile à opérationnaliser rapidement et efficacement, et ce, en ayant comme étude de cas la ville de Port-au-Prince affectée par un séisme en janvier 2010. Nous procédons à la classification par le logiciel eCognition avec deux jeux de données : 1) les images GeoEye (50 cm) couplées avec les données LiDAR (1 m) et 2) les images World BankImageCAT-RIT (15 cm) couplées avec les données LiDAR. Trois types de dégâts sont classifiés : bâtiments intacts, bâtiments effondrés et débris. La classification du jeu de données World Bank-ImageCAT-RIT est obtenue dans un temps de traitement relativement court (deux jours) et avec l’exactitude globale assez élevée (près de 70 %). Celle obtenue avec les données GeoEye est peu satisfaisante, les images étant assez sombres et la résolution spatiale n’étant pas suffisamment fine. Nous proposons donc une nouvelle stratégie intégrant l’approche automatique et la photo-interprétation pour la cartographie des zones sinistrées.

Résumé: L'urbanisation est un phénomène croissant qui touche l'ensemble du globe et qui a comme conséquence l'étalement des surfaces urbanisées. L'ampleur et la rapidité de cet étalement posent partout des problèmes socio-économiques et environnementaux. Pour réduire au maximum ces problèmes, les aménageurs ont besoin de données spatiales à intégrer aux outils de gestion et de planification. Dans ce contexte général, l'apparition des images satellitaires à Très Haute Résolution Spatiale (THRS) suscitent de fortes attentes. Ces images conjuguent en effet des résolutions spatiales fines, à des coûts raisonnables d'acquisition et à des courtes périodes de revisites. Les méthodes d'interprétation actuelles apparaissent cependant inadaptées à ces nouvelles images. À partir de cette problématique, l'objectif de notre recherche est identifié comme l'élaboration d'une méthode d'extraction semi-automatique des bâtiments à partir d'images THRS. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous avons déterminé plusieurs étapes. Chacune d'elles est associée à un chapitre de cette thèse. Le premier chapitre expose le contexte général de notre recherche et conduit à l'identification de notre objectif. Nous présentons tout d'abord un bref historique de l'urbanisation avant de nous concentrer sur le phénomène d'étalement et sur les problèmes qu'il engendre. Nous nous intéressons ensuite à ce que la géographie peut apporter pour diminuer ces problèmes. Les positionnements conceptuels, théoriques et méthodologiques de l'analyse géographique des villes sont suivis d'une présentation des principaux outils de gestion et de planification urbaine. Il ressort un besoin croissant en données spatiales à intégrer à ces outils, besoin à partir duquel nous identifions notre objectif. Dans le second chapitre, nous vérifions la faisabilité de notre objectif à travers l'analyse des caractéristiques techniques des images puis des perturbations subies par le signal. La capacité des images à représenter fidèlement l

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info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Congenital psoriasis without an underlying nevus following the lines of Blaschko is described in a 6-year-old girl. In addition to this special type of psoriasis, she suffered from atopic dermatitis. The lesions were aggravated by sun exposure and phototherapy treatments, as well as by upper airways infections, without any clear explanation of these trigger factors. We propose to call this form of psoriasis congenital blaschkoid psoriasis., Case Reports, Journal Article, FLWNA, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Congenital psoriasis without an underlying nevus following the lines of Blaschko is described in a 6-year-old girl. In addition to this special type of psoriasis, she suffered from atopic dermatitis. The lesions were aggravated by sun exposure and phototherapy treatments, as well as by upper airways infections, without any clear explanation of these trigger factors. We propose to call this form of psoriasis congenital blaschkoid psoriasis., Case Reports, Journal Article, FLWNA, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

The present study is part of the German Lanugage Development Study (GlaD, www.glad-study.de). The GlaD study is an interdisciplinary effort to investigate normal and impired language production and perception during the first years of life. Its main focus is the aetiology of Speech and Language Impairment (SLI). ... The aim of the study at hand was 1. to investigate the influence of long term memory traces for language specific stress pattern in bisyllabics on the brain discrimination response in German and French adults; 2. to determine the developmental time point of emerging stress pattern discrimination in German infants using an electrophysiological paradigm; 3. to find out about discrimination abilities for differences in vowel duration as a crucial prerequisite for stress pattern discrimination in German adults, infants not-at-risk for SLI and infants at-risk for SLI. 5. Throughout all experiments the influence of methodological differences between studies on the morphology of the infant's brain discrimination was investigated.

The present study is part of the German Lanugage Development Study (GlaD, www.glad-study.de). The GlaD study is an interdisciplinary effort to investigate normal and impired language production and perception during the first years of life. Its main focus is the aetiology of Speech and Language Impairment (SLI). ... The aim of the study at hand was 1. to investigate the influence of long term memory traces for language specific stress pattern in bisyllabics on the brain discrimination response in German and French adults; 2. to determine the developmental time point of emerging stress pattern discrimination in German infants using an electrophysiological paradigm; 3. to find out about discrimination abilities for differences in vowel duration as a crucial prerequisite for stress pattern discrimination in German adults, infants not-at-risk for SLI and infants at-risk for SLI. 5. Throughout all experiments the influence of methodological differences between studies on the morphology of the infant's brain discrimination was investigated.