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33 results on '"Wood SA"'

1. First Measurement of the EMC effect in B10 and B11

Author

Karki, A, Karki, A, Biswas, D, Gonzalez, FA, Henry, W, Morean, C, Nadeeshani, A, Sun, A, Abrams, D, Ahmed, Z, Aljawrneh, B, Alsalmi, S, Ambrose, R, Androic, D, Armstrong, W, Arrington, J, Asaturyan, A, Assumin-Gyimah, K, Gayoso, C Ayerbe, Bandari, A, Bane, J, Barrow, J, Basnet, S, Berdnikov, V, Bhatt, H, Bhetuwal, D, Boeglin, WU, Bosted, P, Brash, E, Bukhari, MHS, Chen, H, Chen, JP, Chen, M, Christy, ME, Covrig, S, Craycraft, K, Danagoulian, S, Day, D, Diefenthaler, M, Dlamini, M, Dunne, J, Duran, B, Dutta, D, Elliott, C, Ent, R, Fenker, H, Fomin, N, Fuchey, E, Gaskell, D, Gautam, TN, Hansen, JO, Hauenstein, F, Hernandez, AV, Horn, T, Huber, GM, Jones, MK, Joosten, S, Kabir, ML, Kalantarians, N, Keppel, C, Khanal, A, King, PM, Kinney, E, Ko, HS, Kohl, M, Lashley-Colthirst, N, Li, S, Li, WB, Liyanage, AH, Mack, D, Malace, S, Markowitz, P, Matter, J, Meekins, D, Michaels, R, Mkrtchyan, A, Mkrtchyan, H, Nanda, S, Nguyen, D, Niculescu, G, Niculescu, I, Nuruzzaman, Pandey, B, Park, S, Pooser, E, Puckett, AJR, Rehfuss, M, Reinhold, J, Santiesteban, N, Sawatzky, B, Smith, GR, Szumila-Vance, H, Tadepalli, AS, Tadevosyan, V, Trotta, R, Wood, SA, Yero, C, Zhang, J, Karki, A, Karki, A, Biswas, D, Gonzalez, FA, Henry, W, Morean, C, Nadeeshani, A, Sun, A, Abrams, D, Ahmed, Z, Aljawrneh, B, Alsalmi, S, Ambrose, R, Androic, D, Armstrong, W, Arrington, J, Asaturyan, A, Assumin-Gyimah, K, Gayoso, C Ayerbe, Bandari, A, Bane, J, Barrow, J, Basnet, S, Berdnikov, V, Bhatt, H, Bhetuwal, D, Boeglin, WU, Bosted, P, Brash, E, Bukhari, MHS, Chen, H, Chen, JP, Chen, M, Christy, ME, Covrig, S, Craycraft, K, Danagoulian, S, Day, D, Diefenthaler, M, Dlamini, M, Dunne, J, Duran, B, Dutta, D, Elliott, C, Ent, R, Fenker, H, Fomin, N, Fuchey, E, Gaskell, D, Gautam, TN, Hansen, JO, Hauenstein, F, Hernandez, AV, Horn, T, Huber, GM, Jones, MK, Joosten, S, Kabir, ML, Kalantarians, N, Keppel, C, Khanal, A, King, PM, Kinney, E, Ko, HS, Kohl, M, Lashley-Colthirst, N, Li, S, Li, WB, Liyanage, AH, Mack, D, Malace, S, Markowitz, P, Matter, J, Meekins, D, Michaels, R, Mkrtchyan, A, Mkrtchyan, H, Nanda, S, Nguyen, D, Niculescu, G, Niculescu, I, Nuruzzaman, Pandey, B, Park, S, Pooser, E, Puckett, AJR, Rehfuss, M, Reinhold, J, Santiesteban, N, Sawatzky, B, Smith, GR, Szumila-Vance, H, Tadepalli, AS, Tadevosyan, V, Trotta, R, Wood, SA, Yero, C, and Zhang, J

Abstract

The nuclear dependence of the inclusive inelastic electron scattering cross section (the EMC effect) has been measured for the first time in B10 and B11. Previous measurements of the EMC effect in A≤12 nuclei showed an unexpected nuclear dependence; B10 and B11 were measured to explore the EMC effect in this region in more detail. Results are presented for Be9, B10, B11, and C12 at an incident beam energy of 10.6 GeV. The EMC effect in the boron isotopes was found to be similar to that for Be9 and C12, yielding almost no nuclear dependence in the EMC effect in the range A=4-12. This represents important new data supporting the hypothesis that the EMC effect depends primarily on the local nuclear environment due to the cluster structure of these nuclei.

Published
2023

2. Measurement of the beam-normal single-spin asymmetry for elastic electron scattering from C12 and Al27

Author

Androić, D, Androić, D, Armstrong, DS, Asaturyan, A, Bartlett, K, Beminiwattha, RS, Benesch, J, Benmokhtar, F, Birchall, J, Carlini, RD, Christy, ME, Cornejo, JC, Dusa, S Covrig, Dalton, MM, Davis, CA, Deconinck, W, Dowd, JF, Dunne, JA, Dutta, D, Duvall, WS, Elaasar, M, Falk, WR, Finn, JM, Forest, T, Gal, C, Gaskell, D, Gericke, MTW, Gray, VM, Guo, F, Hoskins, JR, Jones, DC, Kargiantoulakis, M, King, PM, Korkmaz, E, Kowalski, S, Leacock, J, Leckey, JP, Lee, AR, Lee, JH, Lee, L, MacEwan, S, Mack, D, Magee, JA, Mahurin, R, Mammei, J, Martin, JW, McHugh, MJ, Meekins, D, Mesick, KE, Michaels, R, Mkrtchyan, A, Mkrtchyan, H, Narayan, A, Ndukum, LZ, Nelyubin, V, Nuruzzaman, van Oers, WTH, Owen, VF, Page, SA, Pan, J, Paschke, KD, Phillips, SK, Pitt, ML, Radloff, RW, Rajotte, JF, Ramsay, WD, Roche, J, Sawatzky, B, Seva, T, Shabestari, MH, Silwal, R, Simicevic, N, Smith, GR, Solvignon, P, Spayde, DT, Subedi, A, Subedi, R, Suleiman, R, Tadevosyan, V, Tobias, WA, Tvaskis, V, Waidyawansa, B, Wang, P, Wells, SP, Wood, SA, Zang, P, Zhamkochyan, S, Androić, D, Androić, D, Armstrong, DS, Asaturyan, A, Bartlett, K, Beminiwattha, RS, Benesch, J, Benmokhtar, F, Birchall, J, Carlini, RD, Christy, ME, Cornejo, JC, Dusa, S Covrig, Dalton, MM, Davis, CA, Deconinck, W, Dowd, JF, Dunne, JA, Dutta, D, Duvall, WS, Elaasar, M, Falk, WR, Finn, JM, Forest, T, Gal, C, Gaskell, D, Gericke, MTW, Gray, VM, Guo, F, Hoskins, JR, Jones, DC, Kargiantoulakis, M, King, PM, Korkmaz, E, Kowalski, S, Leacock, J, Leckey, JP, Lee, AR, Lee, JH, Lee, L, MacEwan, S, Mack, D, Magee, JA, Mahurin, R, Mammei, J, Martin, JW, McHugh, MJ, Meekins, D, Mesick, KE, Michaels, R, Mkrtchyan, A, Mkrtchyan, H, Narayan, A, Ndukum, LZ, Nelyubin, V, Nuruzzaman, van Oers, WTH, Owen, VF, Page, SA, Pan, J, Paschke, KD, Phillips, SK, Pitt, ML, Radloff, RW, Rajotte, JF, Ramsay, WD, Roche, J, Sawatzky, B, Seva, T, Shabestari, MH, Silwal, R, Simicevic, N, Smith, GR, Solvignon, P, Spayde, DT, Subedi, A, Subedi, R, Suleiman, R, Tadevosyan, V, Tobias, WA, Tvaskis, V, Waidyawansa, B, Wang, P, Wells, SP, Wood, SA, Zang, P, and Zhamkochyan, S

Abstract

We report measurements of the parity-conserving beam-normal single-spin elastic scattering asymmetries $B_n$ on $^{12}$C and $^{27}$Al, obtained with an electron beam polarized transverse to its momentum direction. These measurements add an additional kinematic point to a series of previous measurements of $B_n$ on $^{12}$C and provide a first measurement on $^{27}$Al. The experiment utilized the Qweak apparatus at Jefferson Lab with a beam energy of 1.158 GeV. The average lab scattering angle for both targets was 7.7 degrees, and the average $Q^2$ for both targets was 0.02437 GeV$^2$ (Q=0.1561 GeV). The asymmetries are $B_n$ = -10.68 $\pm$ 0.90 stat) $\pm$ 0.57 (syst) ppm for $^{12}$C and $B_n$ = -12.16 $\pm$ 0.58 (stat) $\pm$ 0.62 (syst) ppm for $^{27}$Al. The results are consistent with theoretical predictions, and are compared to existing data. When scaled by Z/A, the Q-dependence of all the far-forward angle (theta < 10 degrees) data from $^{1}$H to $^{27}$Al can be described by the same slope out to $Q \approx 0.35$ GeV. Larger-angle data from other experiments in the same Q range are consistent with a slope about twice as steep.

Published
2021

3. Measurement of the beam-normal single-spin asymmetry for elastic electron scattering from C12 and Al27

Author

Androić, D, Androić, D, Armstrong, DS, Asaturyan, A, Bartlett, K, Beminiwattha, RS, Benesch, J, Benmokhtar, F, Birchall, J, Carlini, RD, Christy, ME, Cornejo, JC, Dusa, S Covrig, Dalton, MM, Davis, CA, Deconinck, W, Dowd, JF, Dunne, JA, Dutta, D, Duvall, WS, Elaasar, M, Falk, WR, Finn, JM, Forest, T, Gal, C, Gaskell, D, Gericke, MTW, Gray, VM, Guo, F, Hoskins, JR, Jones, DC, Kargiantoulakis, M, King, PM, Korkmaz, E, Kowalski, S, Leacock, J, Leckey, JP, Lee, AR, Lee, JH, Lee, L, MacEwan, S, Mack, D, Magee, JA, Mahurin, R, Mammei, J, Martin, JW, McHugh, MJ, Meekins, D, Mesick, KE, Michaels, R, Mkrtchyan, A, Mkrtchyan, H, Narayan, A, Ndukum, LZ, Nelyubin, V, Nuruzzaman, van Oers, WTH, Owen, VF, Page, SA, Pan, J, Paschke, KD, Phillips, SK, Pitt, ML, Radloff, RW, Rajotte, JF, Ramsay, WD, Roche, J, Sawatzky, B, Seva, T, Shabestari, MH, Silwal, R, Simicevic, N, Smith, GR, Solvignon, P, Spayde, DT, Subedi, A, Subedi, R, Suleiman, R, Tadevosyan, V, Tobias, WA, Tvaskis, V, Waidyawansa, B, Wang, P, Wells, SP, Wood, SA, Zang, P, Zhamkochyan, S, Androić, D, Androić, D, Armstrong, DS, Asaturyan, A, Bartlett, K, Beminiwattha, RS, Benesch, J, Benmokhtar, F, Birchall, J, Carlini, RD, Christy, ME, Cornejo, JC, Dusa, S Covrig, Dalton, MM, Davis, CA, Deconinck, W, Dowd, JF, Dunne, JA, Dutta, D, Duvall, WS, Elaasar, M, Falk, WR, Finn, JM, Forest, T, Gal, C, Gaskell, D, Gericke, MTW, Gray, VM, Guo, F, Hoskins, JR, Jones, DC, Kargiantoulakis, M, King, PM, Korkmaz, E, Kowalski, S, Leacock, J, Leckey, JP, Lee, AR, Lee, JH, Lee, L, MacEwan, S, Mack, D, Magee, JA, Mahurin, R, Mammei, J, Martin, JW, McHugh, MJ, Meekins, D, Mesick, KE, Michaels, R, Mkrtchyan, A, Mkrtchyan, H, Narayan, A, Ndukum, LZ, Nelyubin, V, Nuruzzaman, van Oers, WTH, Owen, VF, Page, SA, Pan, J, Paschke, KD, Phillips, SK, Pitt, ML, Radloff, RW, Rajotte, JF, Ramsay, WD, Roche, J, Sawatzky, B, Seva, T, Shabestari, MH, Silwal, R, Simicevic, N, Smith, GR, Solvignon, P, Spayde, DT, Subedi, A, Subedi, R, Suleiman, R, Tadevosyan, V, Tobias, WA, Tvaskis, V, Waidyawansa, B, Wang, P, Wells, SP, Wood, SA, Zang, P, and Zhamkochyan, S

Abstract

We report measurements of the parity-conserving beam-normal single-spin elastic scattering asymmetries $B_n$ on $^{12}$C and $^{27}$Al, obtained with an electron beam polarized transverse to its momentum direction. These measurements add an additional kinematic point to a series of previous measurements of $B_n$ on $^{12}$C and provide a first measurement on $^{27}$Al. The experiment utilized the Qweak apparatus at Jefferson Lab with a beam energy of 1.158 GeV. The average lab scattering angle for both targets was 7.7 degrees, and the average $Q^2$ for both targets was 0.02437 GeV$^2$ (Q=0.1561 GeV). The asymmetries are $B_n$ = -10.68 $\pm$ 0.90 stat) $\pm$ 0.57 (syst) ppm for $^{12}$C and $B_n$ = -12.16 $\pm$ 0.58 (stat) $\pm$ 0.62 (syst) ppm for $^{27}$Al. The results are consistent with theoretical predictions, and are compared to existing data. When scaled by Z/A, the Q-dependence of all the far-forward angle (theta < 10 degrees) data from $^{1}$H to $^{27}$Al can be described by the same slope out to $Q \approx 0.35$ GeV. Larger-angle data from other experiments in the same Q range are consistent with a slope about twice as steep.

Published
2021

4. Novel observation of isospin structure of short-range correlations in calcium isotopes

Author

Nguyen, D, Nguyen, D, Ye, Z, Aguilera, P, Ahmed, Z, Albataineh, H, Allada, K, Anderson, B, Anez, D, Aniol, K, Annand, J, Arrington, J, Averett, T, Baghdasaryan, H, Bai, X, Beck, A, Beck, S, Bellini, V, Benmokhtar, F, Camsonne, A, Chen, C, Chen, JP, Chirapatpimol, K, Cisbani, E, Dalton, MM, Daniel, A, Day, D, Deconinck, W, Defurne, M, Flay, D, Fomin, N, Friend, M, Frullani, S, Fuchey, E, Garibaldi, F, Gaskell, D, Gilad, S, Gilman, R, Glamazdin, S, Gu, C, Guèye, P, Hanretty, C, Hansen, JO, Shabestari, MH, Higinbotham, DW, Huang, M, Iqbal, S, Jin, G, Kalantarians, N, Kang, H, Kelleher, A, Korover, I, Lerose, J, Leckey, J, Li, S, Lindgren, R, Long, E, Mammei, J, Margaziotis, DJ, Markowitz, P, Meekins, D, Meziani, ZE, Michaels, R, Mihovilovic, M, Muangma, N, Camacho, CM, Norum, BE, Nuruzzaman, Pan, K, Phillips, S, Piasetzky, E, Pomerantz, I, Posik, M, Punjabi, V, Qian, X, Qiang, Y, Qiu, X, Reimer, PE, Rakhman, A, Riordan, S, Ron, G, Rondon-Aramayo, O, Saha, A, Selvy, L, Shahinyan, A, Shneor, R, Širca, S, Slifer, K, Solvignon, P, Sparveris, N, Subedi, R, Sulkosky, V, Wang, D, Watson, JW, Weinstein, LB, Wojtsekhowski, B, Wood, SA, Yaron, I, Zhan, X, Zhang, J, Zhang, YW, Nguyen, D, Nguyen, D, Ye, Z, Aguilera, P, Ahmed, Z, Albataineh, H, Allada, K, Anderson, B, Anez, D, Aniol, K, Annand, J, Arrington, J, Averett, T, Baghdasaryan, H, Bai, X, Beck, A, Beck, S, Bellini, V, Benmokhtar, F, Camsonne, A, Chen, C, Chen, JP, Chirapatpimol, K, Cisbani, E, Dalton, MM, Daniel, A, Day, D, Deconinck, W, Defurne, M, Flay, D, Fomin, N, Friend, M, Frullani, S, Fuchey, E, Garibaldi, F, Gaskell, D, Gilad, S, Gilman, R, Glamazdin, S, Gu, C, Guèye, P, Hanretty, C, Hansen, JO, Shabestari, MH, Higinbotham, DW, Huang, M, Iqbal, S, Jin, G, Kalantarians, N, Kang, H, Kelleher, A, Korover, I, Lerose, J, Leckey, J, Li, S, Lindgren, R, Long, E, Mammei, J, Margaziotis, DJ, Markowitz, P, Meekins, D, Meziani, ZE, Michaels, R, Mihovilovic, M, Muangma, N, Camacho, CM, Norum, BE, Nuruzzaman, Pan, K, Phillips, S, Piasetzky, E, Pomerantz, I, Posik, M, Punjabi, V, Qian, X, Qiang, Y, Qiu, X, Reimer, PE, Rakhman, A, Riordan, S, Ron, G, Rondon-Aramayo, O, Saha, A, Selvy, L, Shahinyan, A, Shneor, R, Širca, S, Slifer, K, Solvignon, P, Sparveris, N, Subedi, R, Sulkosky, V, Wang, D, Watson, JW, Weinstein, LB, Wojtsekhowski, B, Wood, SA, Yaron, I, Zhan, X, Zhang, J, and Zhang, YW

Abstract

Short-range correlations (SRCs) have been identified as being responsible for the high-momentum tail of the nucleon momentum distribution, n(k). Hard, short-range interactions of nucleon pairs generate the high-momentum tail and imprint a universal character on n(k) for all nuclei at large momentum. Triple coincidence experiments have shown a strong dominance of np pairs, but these measurements involve large final-state interactions. This paper presents the results from Jefferson Lab experiment E08014 which measured inclusive electron scattering cross section from Ca isotopes. By comparing the inclusive cross section from Ca48 to Ca40 in a kinematic region dominated by SRCs we provide a new way to study the isospin structure of SRCs.

Published
2020

5. Guidelines for Modeling and Reporting Health Effects of Climate Change Mitigation Actions

Author

Hess, JJ, Ranadive, N, Boyer, C, Aleksandrowicz, L, Anenberg, SC, Aunan, K, Belesova, K, Bell, ML, Bickersteth, S, Bowen, K, Burden, M, Campbell-Lendrum, D, Carlton, E, Cisse, G, Cohen, F, Dai, H, Dangour, AD, Dasgupta, P, Frumkin, H, Gong, P, Gould, RJ, Haines, A, Hales, S, Hamilton, I, Hasegawa, T, Hashizume, M, Honda, Y, Horton, DE, Karambelas, A, Kim, H, Kim, SE, Kinney, PL, Kone, I, Knowlton, K, Lelieveld, J, Limaye, VS, Liu, Q, Madaniyazi, L, Martinez, ME, Mauzerall, DL, Milner, J, Neville, T, Nieuwenhuijsen, M, Pachauri, S, Perera, F, Pineo, H, Remais, JV, Saari, RK, Sampedro, J, Scheelbeek, P, Schwartz, J, Shindell, D, Shyamsundar, P, Taylor, TJ, Tonne, C, Van Vuuren, D, Wang, C, Watts, N, West, JJ, Wilkinson, P, Wood, SA, Woodcock, J, Woodward, A, Xie, Y, Zhang, Y, Ebi, KL, Hess, JJ, Ranadive, N, Boyer, C, Aleksandrowicz, L, Anenberg, SC, Aunan, K, Belesova, K, Bell, ML, Bickersteth, S, Bowen, K, Burden, M, Campbell-Lendrum, D, Carlton, E, Cisse, G, Cohen, F, Dai, H, Dangour, AD, Dasgupta, P, Frumkin, H, Gong, P, Gould, RJ, Haines, A, Hales, S, Hamilton, I, Hasegawa, T, Hashizume, M, Honda, Y, Horton, DE, Karambelas, A, Kim, H, Kim, SE, Kinney, PL, Kone, I, Knowlton, K, Lelieveld, J, Limaye, VS, Liu, Q, Madaniyazi, L, Martinez, ME, Mauzerall, DL, Milner, J, Neville, T, Nieuwenhuijsen, M, Pachauri, S, Perera, F, Pineo, H, Remais, JV, Saari, RK, Sampedro, J, Scheelbeek, P, Schwartz, J, Shindell, D, Shyamsundar, P, Taylor, TJ, Tonne, C, Van Vuuren, D, Wang, C, Watts, N, West, JJ, Wilkinson, P, Wood, SA, Woodcock, J, Woodward, A, Xie, Y, Zhang, Y, and Ebi, KL

Abstract

Modeling suggests that climate change mitigation actions can have substantial human health benefits that accrue quickly and locally. Documenting the benefits can help drive more ambitious and health-protective climate change mitigation actions; however, documenting the adverse health effects can help to avoid them. Estimating the health effects of mitigation (HEM) actions can help policy makers prioritize investments based not only on mitigation potential but also on expected health benefits. To date, however, the wide range of incompatible approaches taken to developing and reporting HEM estimates has limited their comparability and usefulness to policymakers.

Published
2020

6. Missense variant contribution to USP9X-female syndrome

Author

Jolly, LA, Parnell, E, Gardner, AE, Corbett, MA, Perez-Jurado, LA, Shaw, M, Lesca, G, Keegan, C, Schneider, MC, Griffin, E, Maier, F, Kiss, C, Guerin, A, Crosby, K, Rosenbaum, K, Tanpaiboon, P, Whalen, S, Keren, B, McCarrier, J, Basel, D, Sadedin, S, White, SM, Delatycki, MB, Kleefstra, T, Kury, S, Brusco, A, Sukarova-Angelovska, E, Trajkova, S, Yoon, S, Wood, SA, Piper, M, Penzes, P, Gecz, J, Jolly, LA, Parnell, E, Gardner, AE, Corbett, MA, Perez-Jurado, LA, Shaw, M, Lesca, G, Keegan, C, Schneider, MC, Griffin, E, Maier, F, Kiss, C, Guerin, A, Crosby, K, Rosenbaum, K, Tanpaiboon, P, Whalen, S, Keren, B, McCarrier, J, Basel, D, Sadedin, S, White, SM, Delatycki, MB, Kleefstra, T, Kury, S, Brusco, A, Sukarova-Angelovska, E, Trajkova, S, Yoon, S, Wood, SA, Piper, M, Penzes, P, and Gecz, J

Abstract

USP9X is an X-chromosome gene that escapes X-inactivation. Loss or compromised function of USP9X leads to neurodevelopmental disorders in males and females. While males are impacted primarily by hemizygous partial loss-of-function missense variants, in females de novo heterozygous complete loss-of-function mutations predominate, and give rise to the clinically recognisable USP9X-female syndrome. Here we provide evidence of the contribution of USP9X missense and small in-frame deletion variants in USP9X-female syndrome also. We scrutinise the pathogenicity of eleven such variants, ten of which were novel. Combined application of variant prediction algorithms, protein structure modelling, and assessment under clinically relevant guidelines universally support their pathogenicity. The core phenotype of this cohort overlapped with previous descriptions of USP9X-female syndrome, but exposed heightened variability. Aggregate phenotypic information of 35 currently known females with predicted pathogenic variation in USP9X reaffirms the clinically recognisable USP9X-female syndrome, and highlights major differences when compared to USP9X-male associated neurodevelopmental disorders.

Published
2020

7. Novel observation of isospin structure of short-range correlations in calcium isotopes

Author

Nguyen, D, Nguyen, D, Ye, Z, Aguilera, P, Ahmed, Z, Albataineh, H, Allada, K, Anderson, B, Anez, D, Aniol, K, Annand, J, Arrington, J, Averett, T, Baghdasaryan, H, Bai, X, Beck, A, Beck, S, Bellini, V, Benmokhtar, F, Camsonne, A, Chen, C, Chen, JP, Chirapatpimol, K, Cisbani, E, Dalton, MM, Daniel, A, Day, D, Deconinck, W, Defurne, M, Flay, D, Fomin, N, Friend, M, Frullani, S, Fuchey, E, Garibaldi, F, Gaskell, D, Gilad, S, Gilman, R, Glamazdin, S, Gu, C, Guèye, P, Hanretty, C, Hansen, JO, Shabestari, MH, Higinbotham, DW, Huang, M, Iqbal, S, Jin, G, Kalantarians, N, Kang, H, Kelleher, A, Korover, I, Lerose, J, Leckey, J, Li, S, Lindgren, R, Long, E, Mammei, J, Margaziotis, DJ, Markowitz, P, Meekins, D, Meziani, ZE, Michaels, R, Mihovilovic, M, Muangma, N, Camacho, CM, Norum, BE, Nuruzzaman, Pan, K, Phillips, S, Piasetzky, E, Pomerantz, I, Posik, M, Punjabi, V, Qian, X, Qiang, Y, Qiu, X, Reimer, PE, Rakhman, A, Riordan, S, Ron, G, Rondon-Aramayo, O, Saha, A, Selvy, L, Shahinyan, A, Shneor, R, Širca, S, Slifer, K, Solvignon, P, Sparveris, N, Subedi, R, Sulkosky, V, Wang, D, Watson, JW, Weinstein, LB, Wojtsekhowski, B, Wood, SA, Yaron, I, Zhan, X, Zhang, J, Zhang, YW, Nguyen, D, Nguyen, D, Ye, Z, Aguilera, P, Ahmed, Z, Albataineh, H, Allada, K, Anderson, B, Anez, D, Aniol, K, Annand, J, Arrington, J, Averett, T, Baghdasaryan, H, Bai, X, Beck, A, Beck, S, Bellini, V, Benmokhtar, F, Camsonne, A, Chen, C, Chen, JP, Chirapatpimol, K, Cisbani, E, Dalton, MM, Daniel, A, Day, D, Deconinck, W, Defurne, M, Flay, D, Fomin, N, Friend, M, Frullani, S, Fuchey, E, Garibaldi, F, Gaskell, D, Gilad, S, Gilman, R, Glamazdin, S, Gu, C, Guèye, P, Hanretty, C, Hansen, JO, Shabestari, MH, Higinbotham, DW, Huang, M, Iqbal, S, Jin, G, Kalantarians, N, Kang, H, Kelleher, A, Korover, I, Lerose, J, Leckey, J, Li, S, Lindgren, R, Long, E, Mammei, J, Margaziotis, DJ, Markowitz, P, Meekins, D, Meziani, ZE, Michaels, R, Mihovilovic, M, Muangma, N, Camacho, CM, Norum, BE, Nuruzzaman, Pan, K, Phillips, S, Piasetzky, E, Pomerantz, I, Posik, M, Punjabi, V, Qian, X, Qiang, Y, Qiu, X, Reimer, PE, Rakhman, A, Riordan, S, Ron, G, Rondon-Aramayo, O, Saha, A, Selvy, L, Shahinyan, A, Shneor, R, Širca, S, Slifer, K, Solvignon, P, Sparveris, N, Subedi, R, Sulkosky, V, Wang, D, Watson, JW, Weinstein, LB, Wojtsekhowski, B, Wood, SA, Yaron, I, Zhan, X, Zhang, J, and Zhang, YW

Abstract

Short-range correlations (SRCs) have been identified as being responsible for the high-momentum tail of the nucleon momentum distribution, n(k). Hard, short-range interactions of nucleon pairs generate the high-momentum tail and imprint a universal character on n(k) for all nuclei at large momentum. Triple coincidence experiments have shown a strong dominance of np pairs, but these measurements involve large final-state interactions. This paper presents the results from Jefferson Lab experiment E08014 which measured inclusive electron scattering cross section from Ca isotopes. By comparing the inclusive cross section from Ca48 to Ca40 in a kinematic region dominated by SRCs we provide a new way to study the isospin structure of SRCs.

Published
2020

8. Ecogeographical rules and the macroecology of food webs

Author

Baiser, B, Baiser, B, Gravel, D, Cirtwill, AR, Dunne, JA, Fahimipour, AK, Gilarranz, LJ, Grochow, JA, Li, D, Martinez, ND, McGrew, A, Poisot, T, Romanuk, TN, Stouffer, DB, Trotta, LB, Valdovinos, FS, Williams, RJ, Wood, SA, Yeakel, JD, Baiser, B, Baiser, B, Gravel, D, Cirtwill, AR, Dunne, JA, Fahimipour, AK, Gilarranz, LJ, Grochow, JA, Li, D, Martinez, ND, McGrew, A, Poisot, T, Romanuk, TN, Stouffer, DB, Trotta, LB, Valdovinos, FS, Williams, RJ, Wood, SA, and Yeakel, JD

Abstract

Aim: How do factors such as space, time, climate and other ecological drivers influence food web structure and dynamics? Collections of well-studied food webs and replicate food webs from the same system that span biogeographical and ecological gradients now enable detailed, quantitative investigation of such questions and help integrate food web ecology and macroecology. Here, we integrate macroecology and food web ecology by focusing on how ecogeographical rules [the latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG), Bergmann's rule, the island rule and Rapoport's rule] are associated with the architecture of food webs. Location: Global. Time period: Current. Major taxa studied: All taxa. Methods: We discuss the implications of each ecogeographical rule for food webs, present predictions for how food web structure will vary with each rule, assess empirical support where available, and discuss how food webs may influence ecogeographical rules. Finally, we recommend systems and approaches for further advancing this research agenda. Results: We derived testable predictions for some ecogeographical rules (e.g. LDG, Rapoport's rule), while for others (e.g., Bergmann's and island rules) it is less clear how we would expect food webs to change over macroecological scales. Based on the LDG, we found weak support for both positive and negative relationships between food chain length and latitude and for increased generality and linkage density at higher latitudes. Based on Rapoport's rule, we found support for the prediction that species turnover in food webs is inversely related to latitude. Main conclusions: The macroecology of food webs goes beyond traditional approaches to biodiversity at macroecological scales by focusing on trophic interactions among species. The collection of food web data for different types of ecosystems across biogeographical gradients is key to advance this research agenda. Further, considering food web interactions as a selection pressure that drives or dis

Published
2019

9. Measurements of Nonsinglet Moments of the Nucleon Structure Functions and Comparison to Predictions from Lattice QCD for Q^{2}=4 GeV^{2}.

Author

Albayrak, I, Albayrak, I, Mamyan, V, Christy, ME, Ahmidouch, A, Arrington, J, Asaturyan, A, Bodek, A, Bosted, P, Bradford, R, Brash, E, Bruell, A, Butuceanu, C, Coleman, SJ, Commisso, M, Connell, SH, Dalton, MM, Danagoulian, S, Daniel, A, Day, DB, Dhamija, S, Dunne, J, Dutta, D, Ent, R, Gaskell, D, Gasparian, A, Gran, R, Horn, T, Huang, Liting, Huber, GM, Jayalath, C, Johnson, M, Jones, MK, Kalantarians, N, Liyanage, A, Keppel, CE, Kinney, E, Li, Y, Malace, S, Manly, S, Markowitz, P, Maxwell, J, Mbianda, NN, McFarland, KS, Meziane, M, Meziani, ZE, Mills, GB, Mkrtchyan, H, Mkrtchyan, A, Mulholland, J, Nelson, J, Niculescu, G, Niculescu, I, Pentchev, L, Puckett, A, Punjabi, V, Qattan, IA, Reimer, PE, Reinhold, J, Rodriguez, VM, Rondon-Aramayo, O, Sakuda, M, Sakumoto, WK, Segbefia, E, Seva, T, Sick, I, Slifer, K, Smith, GR, Steinman, J, Solvignon, P, Tadevosyan, V, Tajima, S, Tvaskis, V, Vulcan, WF, Walton, T, Wesselmann, FR, Wood, SA, Ye, Zhihong, E06-009 Collaboration, Albayrak, I, Albayrak, I, Mamyan, V, Christy, ME, Ahmidouch, A, Arrington, J, Asaturyan, A, Bodek, A, Bosted, P, Bradford, R, Brash, E, Bruell, A, Butuceanu, C, Coleman, SJ, Commisso, M, Connell, SH, Dalton, MM, Danagoulian, S, Daniel, A, Day, DB, Dhamija, S, Dunne, J, Dutta, D, Ent, R, Gaskell, D, Gasparian, A, Gran, R, Horn, T, Huang, Liting, Huber, GM, Jayalath, C, Johnson, M, Jones, MK, Kalantarians, N, Liyanage, A, Keppel, CE, Kinney, E, Li, Y, Malace, S, Manly, S, Markowitz, P, Maxwell, J, Mbianda, NN, McFarland, KS, Meziane, M, Meziani, ZE, Mills, GB, Mkrtchyan, H, Mkrtchyan, A, Mulholland, J, Nelson, J, Niculescu, G, Niculescu, I, Pentchev, L, Puckett, A, Punjabi, V, Qattan, IA, Reimer, PE, Reinhold, J, Rodriguez, VM, Rondon-Aramayo, O, Sakuda, M, Sakumoto, WK, Segbefia, E, Seva, T, Sick, I, Slifer, K, Smith, GR, Steinman, J, Solvignon, P, Tadevosyan, V, Tajima, S, Tvaskis, V, Vulcan, WF, Walton, T, Wesselmann, FR, Wood, SA, Ye, Zhihong, and E06-009 Collaboration

Abstract

We present extractions of the nucleon nonsinglet moments utilizing new precision data on the deuteron F_{2} structure function at large Bjorken-x determined via the Rosenbluth separation technique at Jefferson Lab Experimental Hall C. These new data are combined with a complementary set of data on the proton previously measured in Hall C at similar kinematics and world datasets on the proton and deuteron at lower x measured at SLAC and CERN. The new Jefferson Lab data provide coverage of the upper third of the x range, crucial for precision determination of the higher moments. In contrast to previous extractions, these moments have been corrected for nuclear effects in the deuteron using a new global fit to the deuteron and proton data. The obtained experimental moments represent an order of magnitude improvement in precision over previous extractions using high x data. Moreover, recent exciting developments in lattice QCD calculations provide a first ever comparison of these new experimental results with calculations of moments carried out at the physical pion mass, as well as a new approach that first calculates the quark distributions directly before determining moments.

Published
2019

10. Measurements of Nonsinglet Moments of the Nucleon Structure Functions and Comparison to Predictions from Lattice QCD for Q^{2}=4 GeV^{2}.

Author

Albayrak, I, Albayrak, I, Mamyan, V, Christy, ME, Ahmidouch, A, Arrington, J, Asaturyan, A, Bodek, A, Bosted, P, Bradford, R, Brash, E, Bruell, A, Butuceanu, C, Coleman, SJ, Commisso, M, Connell, SH, Dalton, MM, Danagoulian, S, Daniel, A, Day, DB, Dhamija, S, Dunne, J, Dutta, D, Ent, R, Gaskell, D, Gasparian, A, Gran, R, Horn, T, Huang, Liting, Huber, GM, Jayalath, C, Johnson, M, Jones, MK, Kalantarians, N, Liyanage, A, Keppel, CE, Kinney, E, Li, Y, Malace, S, Manly, S, Markowitz, P, Maxwell, J, Mbianda, NN, McFarland, KS, Meziane, M, Meziani, ZE, Mills, GB, Mkrtchyan, H, Mkrtchyan, A, Mulholland, J, Nelson, J, Niculescu, G, Niculescu, I, Pentchev, L, Puckett, A, Punjabi, V, Qattan, IA, Reimer, PE, Reinhold, J, Rodriguez, VM, Rondon-Aramayo, O, Sakuda, M, Sakumoto, WK, Segbefia, E, Seva, T, Sick, I, Slifer, K, Smith, GR, Steinman, J, Solvignon, P, Tadevosyan, V, Tajima, S, Tvaskis, V, Vulcan, WF, Walton, T, Wesselmann, FR, Wood, SA, Ye, Zhihong, E06-009 Collaboration, Albayrak, I, Albayrak, I, Mamyan, V, Christy, ME, Ahmidouch, A, Arrington, J, Asaturyan, A, Bodek, A, Bosted, P, Bradford, R, Brash, E, Bruell, A, Butuceanu, C, Coleman, SJ, Commisso, M, Connell, SH, Dalton, MM, Danagoulian, S, Daniel, A, Day, DB, Dhamija, S, Dunne, J, Dutta, D, Ent, R, Gaskell, D, Gasparian, A, Gran, R, Horn, T, Huang, Liting, Huber, GM, Jayalath, C, Johnson, M, Jones, MK, Kalantarians, N, Liyanage, A, Keppel, CE, Kinney, E, Li, Y, Malace, S, Manly, S, Markowitz, P, Maxwell, J, Mbianda, NN, McFarland, KS, Meziane, M, Meziani, ZE, Mills, GB, Mkrtchyan, H, Mkrtchyan, A, Mulholland, J, Nelson, J, Niculescu, G, Niculescu, I, Pentchev, L, Puckett, A, Punjabi, V, Qattan, IA, Reimer, PE, Reinhold, J, Rodriguez, VM, Rondon-Aramayo, O, Sakuda, M, Sakumoto, WK, Segbefia, E, Seva, T, Sick, I, Slifer, K, Smith, GR, Steinman, J, Solvignon, P, Tadevosyan, V, Tajima, S, Tvaskis, V, Vulcan, WF, Walton, T, Wesselmann, FR, Wood, SA, Ye, Zhihong, and E06-009 Collaboration

Abstract

We present extractions of the nucleon nonsinglet moments utilizing new precision data on the deuteron F_{2} structure function at large Bjorken-x determined via the Rosenbluth separation technique at Jefferson Lab Experimental Hall C. These new data are combined with a complementary set of data on the proton previously measured in Hall C at similar kinematics and world datasets on the proton and deuteron at lower x measured at SLAC and CERN. The new Jefferson Lab data provide coverage of the upper third of the x range, crucial for precision determination of the higher moments. In contrast to previous extractions, these moments have been corrected for nuclear effects in the deuteron using a new global fit to the deuteron and proton data. The obtained experimental moments represent an order of magnitude improvement in precision over previous extractions using high x data. Moreover, recent exciting developments in lattice QCD calculations provide a first ever comparison of these new experimental results with calculations of moments carried out at the physical pion mass, as well as a new approach that first calculates the quark distributions directly before determining moments.

Published
2019

11. Ecogeographical rules and the macroecology of food webs

Author

Baiser, B, Fortin, Marie‐Josée1, Baiser, B, Gravel, D, Cirtwill, AR, Dunne, JA, Fahimipour, AK, Gilarranz, LJ, Grochow, JA, Li, D, Martinez, ND, McGrew, A, Poisot, T, Romanuk, TN, Stouffer, DB, Trotta, LB, Valdovinos, FS, Williams, RJ, Wood, SA, Yeakel, JD, Baiser, B, Fortin, Marie‐Josée1, Baiser, B, Gravel, D, Cirtwill, AR, Dunne, JA, Fahimipour, AK, Gilarranz, LJ, Grochow, JA, Li, D, Martinez, ND, McGrew, A, Poisot, T, Romanuk, TN, Stouffer, DB, Trotta, LB, Valdovinos, FS, Williams, RJ, Wood, SA, and Yeakel, JD

Abstract

Aim: How do factors such as space, time, climate and other ecological drivers influence food web structure and dynamics? Collections of well-studied food webs and replicate food webs from the same system that span biogeographical and ecological gradients now enable detailed, quantitative investigation of such questions and help integrate food web ecology and macroecology. Here, we integrate macroecology and food web ecology by focusing on how ecogeographical rules [the latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG), Bergmann's rule, the island rule and Rapoport's rule] are associated with the architecture of food webs. Location: Global. Time period: Current. Major taxa studied: All taxa. Methods: We discuss the implications of each ecogeographical rule for food webs, present predictions for how food web structure will vary with each rule, assess empirical support where available, and discuss how food webs may influence ecogeographical rules. Finally, we recommend systems and approaches for further advancing this research agenda. Results: We derived testable predictions for some ecogeographical rules (e.g. LDG, Rapoport's rule), while for others (e.g., Bergmann's and island rules) it is less clear how we would expect food webs to change over macroecological scales. Based on the LDG, we found weak support for both positive and negative relationships between food chain length and latitude and for increased generality and linkage density at higher latitudes. Based on Rapoport's rule, we found support for the prediction that species turnover in food webs is inversely related to latitude. Main conclusions: The macroecology of food webs goes beyond traditional approaches to biodiversity at macroecological scales by focusing on trophic interactions among species. The collection of food web data for different types of ecosystems across biogeographical gradients is key to advance this research agenda. Further, considering food web interactions as a selection pressure that drives or dis

Published
2019

12. Measurements of Nonsinglet Moments of the Nucleon Structure Functions and Comparison to Predictions from Lattice QCD for Q^{2}=4 GeV^{2}.

Author

Albayrak, I, Albayrak, I, Mamyan, V, Christy, ME, Ahmidouch, A, Arrington, J, Asaturyan, A, Bodek, A, Bosted, P, Bradford, R, Brash, E, Bruell, A, Butuceanu, C, Coleman, SJ, Commisso, M, Connell, SH, Dalton, MM, Danagoulian, S, Daniel, A, Day, DB, Dhamija, S, Dunne, J, Dutta, D, Ent, R, Gaskell, D, Gasparian, A, Gran, R, Horn, T, Huang, Liting, Huber, GM, Jayalath, C, Johnson, M, Jones, MK, Kalantarians, N, Liyanage, A, Keppel, CE, Kinney, E, Li, Y, Malace, S, Manly, S, Markowitz, P, Maxwell, J, Mbianda, NN, McFarland, KS, Meziane, M, Meziani, ZE, Mills, GB, Mkrtchyan, H, Mkrtchyan, A, Mulholland, J, Nelson, J, Niculescu, G, Niculescu, I, Pentchev, L, Puckett, A, Punjabi, V, Qattan, IA, Reimer, PE, Reinhold, J, Rodriguez, VM, Rondon-Aramayo, O, Sakuda, M, Sakumoto, WK, Segbefia, E, Seva, T, Sick, I, Slifer, K, Smith, GR, Steinman, J, Solvignon, P, Tadevosyan, V, Tajima, S, Tvaskis, V, Vulcan, WF, Walton, T, Wesselmann, FR, Wood, SA, Ye, Zhihong, E06-009 Collaboration, Albayrak, I, Albayrak, I, Mamyan, V, Christy, ME, Ahmidouch, A, Arrington, J, Asaturyan, A, Bodek, A, Bosted, P, Bradford, R, Brash, E, Bruell, A, Butuceanu, C, Coleman, SJ, Commisso, M, Connell, SH, Dalton, MM, Danagoulian, S, Daniel, A, Day, DB, Dhamija, S, Dunne, J, Dutta, D, Ent, R, Gaskell, D, Gasparian, A, Gran, R, Horn, T, Huang, Liting, Huber, GM, Jayalath, C, Johnson, M, Jones, MK, Kalantarians, N, Liyanage, A, Keppel, CE, Kinney, E, Li, Y, Malace, S, Manly, S, Markowitz, P, Maxwell, J, Mbianda, NN, McFarland, KS, Meziane, M, Meziani, ZE, Mills, GB, Mkrtchyan, H, Mkrtchyan, A, Mulholland, J, Nelson, J, Niculescu, G, Niculescu, I, Pentchev, L, Puckett, A, Punjabi, V, Qattan, IA, Reimer, PE, Reinhold, J, Rodriguez, VM, Rondon-Aramayo, O, Sakuda, M, Sakumoto, WK, Segbefia, E, Seva, T, Sick, I, Slifer, K, Smith, GR, Steinman, J, Solvignon, P, Tadevosyan, V, Tajima, S, Tvaskis, V, Vulcan, WF, Walton, T, Wesselmann, FR, Wood, SA, Ye, Zhihong, and E06-009 Collaboration

Abstract

We present extractions of the nucleon nonsinglet moments utilizing new precision data on the deuteron F_{2} structure function at large Bjorken-x determined via the Rosenbluth separation technique at Jefferson Lab Experimental Hall C. These new data are combined with a complementary set of data on the proton previously measured in Hall C at similar kinematics and world datasets on the proton and deuteron at lower x measured at SLAC and CERN. The new Jefferson Lab data provide coverage of the upper third of the x range, crucial for precision determination of the higher moments. In contrast to previous extractions, these moments have been corrected for nuclear effects in the deuteron using a new global fit to the deuteron and proton data. The obtained experimental moments represent an order of magnitude improvement in precision over previous extractions using high x data. Moreover, recent exciting developments in lattice QCD calculations provide a first ever comparison of these new experimental results with calculations of moments carried out at the physical pion mass, as well as a new approach that first calculates the quark distributions directly before determining moments.

Published
2019

13. Agricultural intensification and the functional capacity of soil microbes on smallholder African farms

Author

Wood, SA, Wood, SA, Bradford, MA, Gilbert, JA, Mcguire, KL, Palm, CA, Tully, KL, Zhou, J, Naeem, S, Wood, SA, Wood, SA, Bradford, MA, Gilbert, JA, Mcguire, KL, Palm, CA, Tully, KL, Zhou, J, and Naeem, S

Abstract

Fertilization may impact ecosystem processes that sustain agriculture, such as nutrient cycling, by altering the composition of soil microbial communities that regulate such processes. These processes are crucial to low-input, smallholder tropical agriculture, which supports 900 million of the world's poorest people. Yet little is known about how efforts to increase crop yield on such farms will affect the capacity of soil microbial communities to carry out ecosystem processes. We studied the diversity and functional capacity of microbial communities on smallholder farms in western Kenya. We measured functional capacity as the abundance of functional genes involved in several components of nutrient cycling as well as catabolism of multiple carbon substrates; taxonomic diversity was measured using metagenomic sequencing. Diversity and functional capacity were measured on short-term, experimental mineral fertilizer addition plots and on actively managed farms that have maintained for at least seven years a management strategy of low mineral fertilization, high mineral fertilization, or high fertilization combined with legume rotations. Soil bacterial diversity decreased with mineral fertilizer addition, with a community shift towards taxa that thrive in high-resource conditions. This taxonomic response did not correspond with decreased microbial functional capacity. Instead, functional capacity was increased, along with yields, when fertilizers were combined with legume rotations that add organic matter to soil. Policy implications. Mineral fertilizer use is associated with lower soil microbial diversity on smallholder farms, but not associated with changes in microbial functional capacity. Functional capacity is highest, along with yields, when mineral fertilizers are paired with legume rotations. Our findings suggest that this type of agroforestry can be an important strategy for maintaining the long-term functional capacity of soil microbes as well as increasi

Published
2015

14. Agricultural intensification and the functional capacity of soil microbes on smallholder African farms

Author

Wood, SA, Manning, Peter1, Wood, SA, Bradford, MA, Gilbert, JA, Mcguire, KL, Palm, CA, Tully, KL, Zhou, J, Naeem, S, Wood, SA, Manning, Peter1, Wood, SA, Bradford, MA, Gilbert, JA, Mcguire, KL, Palm, CA, Tully, KL, Zhou, J, and Naeem, S

Abstract

Fertilization may impact ecosystem processes that sustain agriculture, such as nutrient cycling, by altering the composition of soil microbial communities that regulate such processes. These processes are crucial to low-input, smallholder tropical agriculture, which supports 900 million of the world's poorest people. Yet little is known about how efforts to increase crop yield on such farms will affect the capacity of soil microbial communities to carry out ecosystem processes. We studied the diversity and functional capacity of microbial communities on smallholder farms in western Kenya. We measured functional capacity as the abundance of functional genes involved in several components of nutrient cycling as well as catabolism of multiple carbon substrates; taxonomic diversity was measured using metagenomic sequencing. Diversity and functional capacity were measured on short-term, experimental mineral fertilizer addition plots and on actively managed farms that have maintained for at least seven years a management strategy of low mineral fertilization, high mineral fertilization, or high fertilization combined with legume rotations. Soil bacterial diversity decreased with mineral fertilizer addition, with a community shift towards taxa that thrive in high-resource conditions. This taxonomic response did not correspond with decreased microbial functional capacity. Instead, functional capacity was increased, along with yields, when fertilizers were combined with legume rotations that add organic matter to soil. Policy implications. Mineral fertilizer use is associated with lower soil microbial diversity on smallholder farms, but not associated with changes in microbial functional capacity. Functional capacity is highest, along with yields, when mineral fertilizers are paired with legume rotations. Our findings suggest that this type of agroforestry can be an important strategy for maintaining the long-term functional capacity of soil microbes as well as increasi

Published
2015

15. Measurements of the separated longitudinal structure function FL from hydrogen and deuterium targets at low Q2

Author

Tvaskis, V, Tvaskis, V, Tvaskis, A, Niculescu, I, Abbott, D, Adams, GS, Afanasev, A, Ahmidouch, A, Angelescu, T, Arrington, J, Asaturyan, R, Avery, S, Baker, OK, Benmouna, N, Berman, BL, Biselli, A, Blok, HP, Boeglin, WU, Bosted, PE, Brash, E, Breuer, H, Chang, G, Chant, N, Christy, ME, Connell, SH, Dalton, MM, Danagoulian, S, Day, D, Dodario, T, Dunne, JA, Dutta, D, El Khayari, N, Ent, R, Fenker, HC, Frolov, VV, Gaskell, D, Garrow, K, Gilman, R, Gueye, P, Hafidi, K, Hinton, W, Holt, RJ, Horn, T, Huber, GM, Jackson, H, Jiang, X, Jones, MK, Joo, K, Kelly, JJ, Keppel, CE, Kuhn, J, Kinney, E, Klein, A, Kubarovsky, V, Liang, Y, Lolos, G, Lung, A, Mack, D, Malace, S, Markowitz, P, Mbianda, G, McGrath, E, McKee, D, Meekins, DG, Mkrtchyan, H, Napolitano, J, Navasardyan, T, Niculescu, G, Nozar, M, Ostapenko, T, Papandreou, Z, Potterveld, D, Reimer, PE, Reinhold, J, Roche, J, Rock, SE, Schulte, E, Segbefia, E, Smith, C, Smith, GR, Stoler, P, Tadevosyan, V, Tang, L, Telfeyan, J, Todor, L, Ungaro, M, Uzzle, A, Vidakovic, S, Villano, A, Vulcan, WF, Warren, G, Wesselmann, F, Wojtsekhowski, B, Wood, SA, Yan, C, Zihlmann, B, Tvaskis, V, Tvaskis, V, Tvaskis, A, Niculescu, I, Abbott, D, Adams, GS, Afanasev, A, Ahmidouch, A, Angelescu, T, Arrington, J, Asaturyan, R, Avery, S, Baker, OK, Benmouna, N, Berman, BL, Biselli, A, Blok, HP, Boeglin, WU, Bosted, PE, Brash, E, Breuer, H, Chang, G, Chant, N, Christy, ME, Connell, SH, Dalton, MM, Danagoulian, S, Day, D, Dodario, T, Dunne, JA, Dutta, D, El Khayari, N, Ent, R, Fenker, HC, Frolov, VV, Gaskell, D, Garrow, K, Gilman, R, Gueye, P, Hafidi, K, Hinton, W, Holt, RJ, Horn, T, Huber, GM, Jackson, H, Jiang, X, Jones, MK, Joo, K, Kelly, JJ, Keppel, CE, Kuhn, J, Kinney, E, Klein, A, Kubarovsky, V, Liang, Y, Lolos, G, Lung, A, Mack, D, Malace, S, Markowitz, P, Mbianda, G, McGrath, E, McKee, D, Meekins, DG, Mkrtchyan, H, Napolitano, J, Navasardyan, T, Niculescu, G, Nozar, M, Ostapenko, T, Papandreou, Z, Potterveld, D, Reimer, PE, Reinhold, J, Roche, J, Rock, SE, Schulte, E, Segbefia, E, Smith, C, Smith, GR, Stoler, P, Tadevosyan, V, Tang, L, Telfeyan, J, Todor, L, Ungaro, M, Uzzle, A, Vidakovic, S, Villano, A, Vulcan, WF, Warren, G, Wesselmann, F, Wojtsekhowski, B, Wood, SA, Yan, C, and Zihlmann, B

Abstract

Structure functions, as measured in lepton-nucleon scattering, have proven to be very useful in studying the partonic dynamics within the nucleon. However, it is experimentally difficult to separately determine the longitudinal and transverse structure functions, and consequently there are substantially less data available in particular for the longitudinal structure function. Here, we present separated structure functions for hydrogen and deuterium at low four-momentum transfer squared, Q2<1GeV2, and compare them with parton distribution parametrization and kT factorization approaches. While differences are found, the parametrizations generally agree with the data, even at the very low-Q2 scale of the data. The deuterium data show a smaller longitudinal structure function and a smaller ratio of longitudinal to transverse cross section, R, than the proton. This suggests either an unexpected difference in R for the proton and the neutron or a suppression of the gluonic distribution in nuclei.

Published
2018

16. Search for three-nucleon short-range correlations in light nuclei

Author

Ye, Z, Ye, Z, Solvignon, P, Nguyen, D, Aguilera, P, Ahmed, Z, Albataineh, H, Allada, K, Anderson, B, Anez, D, Aniol, K, Annand, J, Arrington, J, Averett, T, Baghdasaryan, H, Bai, X, Beck, A, Beck, S, Bellini, V, Benmokhtar, F, Camsonne, A, Chen, C, Chen, JP, Chirapatpimol, K, Cisbani, E, Dalton, MM, Daniel, A, Day, D, Deconinck, W, Defurne, M, Flay, D, Fomin, N, Friend, M, Frullani, S, Fuchey, E, Garibaldi, F, Gaskell, D, Gilad, S, Gilman, R, Glamazdin, S, Gu, C, Guèye, P, Hanretty, C, Hansen, JO, Shabestari, MH, Higinbotham, DW, Huang, M, Iqbal, S, Jin, G, Kalantarians, N, Kang, H, Kelleher, A, Korover, I, Lerose, J, Leckey, J, Lindgren, R, Long, E, Mammei, J, Margaziotis, DJ, Markowitz, P, Meekins, D, Meziani, Z, Michaels, R, Mihovilovic, M, Muangma, N, Camacho, CM, Norum, B, Nuruzzaman, Pan, K, Phillips, S, Piasetzky, E, Pomerantz, I, Posik, M, Punjabi, V, Qian, X, Qiang, Y, Qiu, X, Reimer, PE, Rakhman, A, Riordan, S, Ron, G, Rondon-Aramayo, O, Saha, A, Selvy, L, Shahinyan, A, Shneor, R, Sirca, S, Slifer, K, Sparveris, N, Subedi, R, Sulkosky, V, Wang, D, Watson, JW, Weinstein, LB, Wojtsekhowski, B, Wood, SA, Yaron, I, Zhan, X, Zhang, J, Zhang, YW, Zhao, B, Ye, Z, Ye, Z, Solvignon, P, Nguyen, D, Aguilera, P, Ahmed, Z, Albataineh, H, Allada, K, Anderson, B, Anez, D, Aniol, K, Annand, J, Arrington, J, Averett, T, Baghdasaryan, H, Bai, X, Beck, A, Beck, S, Bellini, V, Benmokhtar, F, Camsonne, A, Chen, C, Chen, JP, Chirapatpimol, K, Cisbani, E, Dalton, MM, Daniel, A, Day, D, Deconinck, W, Defurne, M, Flay, D, Fomin, N, Friend, M, Frullani, S, Fuchey, E, Garibaldi, F, Gaskell, D, Gilad, S, Gilman, R, Glamazdin, S, Gu, C, Guèye, P, Hanretty, C, Hansen, JO, Shabestari, MH, Higinbotham, DW, Huang, M, Iqbal, S, Jin, G, Kalantarians, N, Kang, H, Kelleher, A, Korover, I, Lerose, J, Leckey, J, Lindgren, R, Long, E, Mammei, J, Margaziotis, DJ, Markowitz, P, Meekins, D, Meziani, Z, Michaels, R, Mihovilovic, M, Muangma, N, Camacho, CM, Norum, B, Nuruzzaman, Pan, K, Phillips, S, Piasetzky, E, Pomerantz, I, Posik, M, Punjabi, V, Qian, X, Qiang, Y, Qiu, X, Reimer, PE, Rakhman, A, Riordan, S, Ron, G, Rondon-Aramayo, O, Saha, A, Selvy, L, Shahinyan, A, Shneor, R, Sirca, S, Slifer, K, Sparveris, N, Subedi, R, Sulkosky, V, Wang, D, Watson, JW, Weinstein, LB, Wojtsekhowski, B, Wood, SA, Yaron, I, Zhan, X, Zhang, J, Zhang, YW, and Zhao, B

Abstract

We present new data probing short-range correlations (SRCs) in nuclei through the measurement of electron scattering off high-momentum nucleons in nuclei. The inclusive He4/He3 cross section ratio is observed to be both x and Q2 independent for 1.52, our data support the hypothesis that a previous claim of three-nucleon correlation dominance was an artifact caused by the limited resolution of the measurement. While 3N-SRCs appear to have an important contribution, our data show that isolating 3N-SRCs is significantly more complicated than for 2N-SRCs.

Published
2018

17. Separated kaon electroproduction cross section and the kaon form factor from 6 GeV JLab data

Author

Carmignotto, M, Carmignotto, M, Ali, S, Aniol, K, Arrington, J, Barrett, B, Beise, EJ, Blok, HP, Boeglin, W, Brash, EJ, Breuer, H, Chang, CC, Christy, ME, Dittmann, A, Ent, R, Fenker, H, Gaskell, D, Gibson, E, Holt, RJ, Horn, T, Huber, GM, Jin, S, Jones, MK, Keppel, CE, Kim, W, King, PM, Kovaltchouk, V, Liu, J, Lolos, GJ, MacK, DJ, Margaziotis, DJ, Markowitz, P, Matsumura, A, Meekins, D, Miyoshi, T, Mkrtchyan, H, Niculescu, G, Niculescu, I, Okayasu, Y, Pegg, IL, Pentchev, L, Perdrisat, C, Potterveld, D, Punjabi, V, Reimer, PE, Reinhold, J, Roche, J, Sarty, A, Smith, GR, Tadevosyan, V, Tang, LG, Trotta, R, Tvaskis, V, Vargas, A, Vidakovic, S, Volmer, J, Vulcan, W, Warren, G, Wood, SA, Xu, C, Zheng, X, Carmignotto, M, Carmignotto, M, Ali, S, Aniol, K, Arrington, J, Barrett, B, Beise, EJ, Blok, HP, Boeglin, W, Brash, EJ, Breuer, H, Chang, CC, Christy, ME, Dittmann, A, Ent, R, Fenker, H, Gaskell, D, Gibson, E, Holt, RJ, Horn, T, Huber, GM, Jin, S, Jones, MK, Keppel, CE, Kim, W, King, PM, Kovaltchouk, V, Liu, J, Lolos, GJ, MacK, DJ, Margaziotis, DJ, Markowitz, P, Matsumura, A, Meekins, D, Miyoshi, T, Mkrtchyan, H, Niculescu, G, Niculescu, I, Okayasu, Y, Pegg, IL, Pentchev, L, Perdrisat, C, Potterveld, D, Punjabi, V, Reimer, PE, Reinhold, J, Roche, J, Sarty, A, Smith, GR, Tadevosyan, V, Tang, LG, Trotta, R, Tvaskis, V, Vargas, A, Vidakovic, S, Volmer, J, Vulcan, W, Warren, G, Wood, SA, Xu, C, and Zheng, X

Abstract

The H1(e,e′K+)Λ reaction was studied as a function of the Mandelstam variable -t using data from the E01-004 (FPI-2) and E93-018 experiments that were carried out in Hall C at the 6 GeV Jefferson Laboratory. The cross section was fully separated into longitudinal and transverse components, and two interference terms at four-momentum transfers Q2 of 1.00, 1.36, and 2.07GeV2. The kaon form factor was extracted from the longitudinal cross section using the Regge model by Vanderhaeghen et al. [Phys. Rev. C 57, 1454 (1998)PRVCAN0556-281310.1103/PhysRevC.57.1454]. The results establish the method, previously used successfully for pion analyses, for extracting the kaon form factor. Data from 12 GeV Jefferson Laboratory experiments are expected to have sufficient precision to distinguish between theoretical predictions, for example, recent perturbative QCD calculations with modern parton distribution amplitudes. The leading-twist behavior for light mesons is predicted to set in for values of Q2 between 5 and 10GeV2, which makes data in the few-GeV regime particularly interesting. The Q2 dependence at fixed x and -t of the longitudinal cross section that we extracted seems consistent with the QCD factorization prediction within the experimental uncertainty.

Published
2018

18. Measurements of the separated longitudinal structure function FL from hydrogen and deuterium targets at low Q2

Author

Tvaskis, V, Tvaskis, V, Tvaskis, A, Niculescu, I, Abbott, D, Adams, GS, Afanasev, A, Ahmidouch, A, Angelescu, T, Arrington, J, Asaturyan, R, Avery, S, Baker, OK, Benmouna, N, Berman, BL, Biselli, A, Blok, HP, Boeglin, WU, Bosted, PE, Brash, E, Breuer, H, Chang, G, Chant, N, Christy, ME, Connell, SH, Dalton, MM, Danagoulian, S, Day, D, Dodario, T, Dunne, JA, Dutta, D, El Khayari, N, Ent, R, Fenker, HC, Frolov, VV, Gaskell, D, Garrow, K, Gilman, R, Gueye, P, Hafidi, K, Hinton, W, Holt, RJ, Horn, T, Huber, GM, Jackson, H, Jiang, X, Jones, MK, Joo, K, Kelly, JJ, Keppel, CE, Kuhn, J, Kinney, E, Klein, A, Kubarovsky, V, Liang, Y, Lolos, G, Lung, A, Mack, D, Malace, S, Markowitz, P, Mbianda, G, McGrath, E, McKee, D, Meekins, DG, Mkrtchyan, H, Napolitano, J, Navasardyan, T, Niculescu, G, Nozar, M, Ostapenko, T, Papandreou, Z, Potterveld, D, Reimer, PE, Reinhold, J, Roche, J, Rock, SE, Schulte, E, Segbefia, E, Smith, C, Smith, GR, Stoler, P, Tadevosyan, V, Tang, L, Telfeyan, J, Todor, L, Ungaro, M, Uzzle, A, Vidakovic, S, Villano, A, Vulcan, WF, Warren, G, Wesselmann, F, Wojtsekhowski, B, Wood, SA, Yan, C, Zihlmann, B, Tvaskis, V, Tvaskis, V, Tvaskis, A, Niculescu, I, Abbott, D, Adams, GS, Afanasev, A, Ahmidouch, A, Angelescu, T, Arrington, J, Asaturyan, R, Avery, S, Baker, OK, Benmouna, N, Berman, BL, Biselli, A, Blok, HP, Boeglin, WU, Bosted, PE, Brash, E, Breuer, H, Chang, G, Chant, N, Christy, ME, Connell, SH, Dalton, MM, Danagoulian, S, Day, D, Dodario, T, Dunne, JA, Dutta, D, El Khayari, N, Ent, R, Fenker, HC, Frolov, VV, Gaskell, D, Garrow, K, Gilman, R, Gueye, P, Hafidi, K, Hinton, W, Holt, RJ, Horn, T, Huber, GM, Jackson, H, Jiang, X, Jones, MK, Joo, K, Kelly, JJ, Keppel, CE, Kuhn, J, Kinney, E, Klein, A, Kubarovsky, V, Liang, Y, Lolos, G, Lung, A, Mack, D, Malace, S, Markowitz, P, Mbianda, G, McGrath, E, McKee, D, Meekins, DG, Mkrtchyan, H, Napolitano, J, Navasardyan, T, Niculescu, G, Nozar, M, Ostapenko, T, Papandreou, Z, Potterveld, D, Reimer, PE, Reinhold, J, Roche, J, Rock, SE, Schulte, E, Segbefia, E, Smith, C, Smith, GR, Stoler, P, Tadevosyan, V, Tang, L, Telfeyan, J, Todor, L, Ungaro, M, Uzzle, A, Vidakovic, S, Villano, A, Vulcan, WF, Warren, G, Wesselmann, F, Wojtsekhowski, B, Wood, SA, Yan, C, and Zihlmann, B

Abstract

Structure functions, as measured in lepton-nucleon scattering, have proven to be very useful in studying the partonic dynamics within the nucleon. However, it is experimentally difficult to separately determine the longitudinal and transverse structure functions, and consequently there are substantially less data available in particular for the longitudinal structure function. Here, we present separated structure functions for hydrogen and deuterium at low four-momentum transfer squared, Q2<1GeV2, and compare them with parton distribution parametrization and kT factorization approaches. While differences are found, the parametrizations generally agree with the data, even at the very low-Q2 scale of the data. The deuterium data show a smaller longitudinal structure function and a smaller ratio of longitudinal to transverse cross section, R, than the proton. This suggests either an unexpected difference in R for the proton and the neutron or a suppression of the gluonic distribution in nuclei.

Published
2018

19. Measurements of the separated longitudinal structure function FL from hydrogen and deuterium targets at low Q2

Author

Tvaskis, V, Tvaskis, V, Tvaskis, A, Niculescu, I, Abbott, D, Adams, GS, Afanasev, A, Ahmidouch, A, Angelescu, T, Arrington, J, Asaturyan, R, Avery, S, Baker, OK, Benmouna, N, Berman, BL, Biselli, A, Blok, HP, Boeglin, WU, Bosted, PE, Brash, E, Breuer, H, Chang, G, Chant, N, Christy, ME, Connell, SH, Dalton, MM, Danagoulian, S, Day, D, Dodario, T, Dunne, JA, Dutta, D, El Khayari, N, Ent, R, Fenker, HC, Frolov, VV, Gaskell, D, Garrow, K, Gilman, R, Gueye, P, Hafidi, K, Hinton, W, Holt, RJ, Horn, T, Huber, GM, Jackson, H, Jiang, X, Jones, MK, Joo, K, Kelly, JJ, Keppel, CE, Kuhn, J, Kinney, E, Klein, A, Kubarovsky, V, Liang, Y, Lolos, G, Lung, A, Mack, D, Malace, S, Markowitz, P, Mbianda, G, McGrath, E, McKee, D, Meekins, DG, Mkrtchyan, H, Napolitano, J, Navasardyan, T, Niculescu, G, Nozar, M, Ostapenko, T, Papandreou, Z, Potterveld, D, Reimer, PE, Reinhold, J, Roche, J, Rock, SE, Schulte, E, Segbefia, E, Smith, C, Smith, GR, Stoler, P, Tadevosyan, V, Tang, L, Telfeyan, J, Todor, L, Ungaro, M, Uzzle, A, Vidakovic, S, Villano, A, Vulcan, WF, Warren, G, Wesselmann, F, Wojtsekhowski, B, Wood, SA, Yan, C, Zihlmann, B, Tvaskis, V, Tvaskis, V, Tvaskis, A, Niculescu, I, Abbott, D, Adams, GS, Afanasev, A, Ahmidouch, A, Angelescu, T, Arrington, J, Asaturyan, R, Avery, S, Baker, OK, Benmouna, N, Berman, BL, Biselli, A, Blok, HP, Boeglin, WU, Bosted, PE, Brash, E, Breuer, H, Chang, G, Chant, N, Christy, ME, Connell, SH, Dalton, MM, Danagoulian, S, Day, D, Dodario, T, Dunne, JA, Dutta, D, El Khayari, N, Ent, R, Fenker, HC, Frolov, VV, Gaskell, D, Garrow, K, Gilman, R, Gueye, P, Hafidi, K, Hinton, W, Holt, RJ, Horn, T, Huber, GM, Jackson, H, Jiang, X, Jones, MK, Joo, K, Kelly, JJ, Keppel, CE, Kuhn, J, Kinney, E, Klein, A, Kubarovsky, V, Liang, Y, Lolos, G, Lung, A, Mack, D, Malace, S, Markowitz, P, Mbianda, G, McGrath, E, McKee, D, Meekins, DG, Mkrtchyan, H, Napolitano, J, Navasardyan, T, Niculescu, G, Nozar, M, Ostapenko, T, Papandreou, Z, Potterveld, D, Reimer, PE, Reinhold, J, Roche, J, Rock, SE, Schulte, E, Segbefia, E, Smith, C, Smith, GR, Stoler, P, Tadevosyan, V, Tang, L, Telfeyan, J, Todor, L, Ungaro, M, Uzzle, A, Vidakovic, S, Villano, A, Vulcan, WF, Warren, G, Wesselmann, F, Wojtsekhowski, B, Wood, SA, Yan, C, and Zihlmann, B

Abstract

Structure functions, as measured in lepton-nucleon scattering, have proven to be very useful in studying the partonic dynamics within the nucleon. However, it is experimentally difficult to separately determine the longitudinal and transverse structure functions, and consequently there are substantially less data available in particular for the longitudinal structure function. Here, we present separated structure functions for hydrogen and deuterium at low four-momentum transfer squared, Q2<1GeV2, and compare them with parton distribution parametrization and kT factorization approaches. While differences are found, the parametrizations generally agree with the data, even at the very low-Q2 scale of the data. The deuterium data show a smaller longitudinal structure function and a smaller ratio of longitudinal to transverse cross section, R, than the proton. This suggests either an unexpected difference in R for the proton and the neutron or a suppression of the gluonic distribution in nuclei.

Published
2018

20. Search for three-nucleon short-range correlations in light nuclei

Author

Ye, Z, Ye, Z, Solvignon, P, Nguyen, D, Aguilera, P, Ahmed, Z, Albataineh, H, Allada, K, Anderson, B, Anez, D, Aniol, K, Annand, J, Arrington, J, Averett, T, Baghdasaryan, H, Bai, X, Beck, A, Beck, S, Bellini, V, Benmokhtar, F, Camsonne, A, Chen, C, Chen, JP, Chirapatpimol, K, Cisbani, E, Dalton, MM, Daniel, A, Day, D, Deconinck, W, Defurne, M, Flay, D, Fomin, N, Friend, M, Frullani, S, Fuchey, E, Garibaldi, F, Gaskell, D, Gilad, S, Gilman, R, Glamazdin, S, Gu, C, Guèye, P, Hanretty, C, Hansen, JO, Shabestari, MH, Higinbotham, DW, Huang, M, Iqbal, S, Jin, G, Kalantarians, N, Kang, H, Kelleher, A, Korover, I, Lerose, J, Leckey, J, Lindgren, R, Long, E, Mammei, J, Margaziotis, DJ, Markowitz, P, Meekins, D, Meziani, Z, Michaels, R, Mihovilovic, M, Muangma, N, Camacho, CM, Norum, B, Nuruzzaman, Pan, K, Phillips, S, Piasetzky, E, Pomerantz, I, Posik, M, Punjabi, V, Qian, X, Qiang, Y, Qiu, X, Reimer, PE, Rakhman, A, Riordan, S, Ron, G, Rondon-Aramayo, O, Saha, A, Selvy, L, Shahinyan, A, Shneor, R, Sirca, S, Slifer, K, Sparveris, N, Subedi, R, Sulkosky, V, Wang, D, Watson, JW, Weinstein, LB, Wojtsekhowski, B, Wood, SA, Yaron, I, Zhan, X, Zhang, J, Zhang, YW, Zhao, B, Ye, Z, Ye, Z, Solvignon, P, Nguyen, D, Aguilera, P, Ahmed, Z, Albataineh, H, Allada, K, Anderson, B, Anez, D, Aniol, K, Annand, J, Arrington, J, Averett, T, Baghdasaryan, H, Bai, X, Beck, A, Beck, S, Bellini, V, Benmokhtar, F, Camsonne, A, Chen, C, Chen, JP, Chirapatpimol, K, Cisbani, E, Dalton, MM, Daniel, A, Day, D, Deconinck, W, Defurne, M, Flay, D, Fomin, N, Friend, M, Frullani, S, Fuchey, E, Garibaldi, F, Gaskell, D, Gilad, S, Gilman, R, Glamazdin, S, Gu, C, Guèye, P, Hanretty, C, Hansen, JO, Shabestari, MH, Higinbotham, DW, Huang, M, Iqbal, S, Jin, G, Kalantarians, N, Kang, H, Kelleher, A, Korover, I, Lerose, J, Leckey, J, Lindgren, R, Long, E, Mammei, J, Margaziotis, DJ, Markowitz, P, Meekins, D, Meziani, Z, Michaels, R, Mihovilovic, M, Muangma, N, Camacho, CM, Norum, B, Nuruzzaman, Pan, K, Phillips, S, Piasetzky, E, Pomerantz, I, Posik, M, Punjabi, V, Qian, X, Qiang, Y, Qiu, X, Reimer, PE, Rakhman, A, Riordan, S, Ron, G, Rondon-Aramayo, O, Saha, A, Selvy, L, Shahinyan, A, Shneor, R, Sirca, S, Slifer, K, Sparveris, N, Subedi, R, Sulkosky, V, Wang, D, Watson, JW, Weinstein, LB, Wojtsekhowski, B, Wood, SA, Yaron, I, Zhan, X, Zhang, J, Zhang, YW, and Zhao, B

Abstract

We present new data probing short-range correlations (SRCs) in nuclei through the measurement of electron scattering off high-momentum nucleons in nuclei. The inclusive He4/He3 cross section ratio is observed to be both x and Q2 independent for 1.52, our data support the hypothesis that a previous claim of three-nucleon correlation dominance was an artifact caused by the limited resolution of the measurement. While 3N-SRCs appear to have an important contribution, our data show that isolating 3N-SRCs is significantly more complicated than for 2N-SRCs.

Published
2018

21. Consequences of tropical forest conversion to oil palm on soil bacterial community and network structure

Author

Wood, SA, Gilbert, JA, Leff, JW, Fierer, N, D'Angelo, H, Bateman, C, Gedallovich, SM, Gillikin, CM, Gradoville, MR, Mansor, P, Massmann, A, Yang, N, Turner, BL, Brearley, FQ, McGuire, KL, Wood, SA, Gilbert, JA, Leff, JW, Fierer, N, D'Angelo, H, Bateman, C, Gedallovich, SM, Gillikin, CM, Gradoville, MR, Mansor, P, Massmann, A, Yang, N, Turner, BL, Brearley, FQ, and McGuire, KL

Abstract

Tropical forest conversion to agriculture is a major global change process. Understanding of the ecological consequences of this conversion are limited by poor knowledge of how soil microorganisms respond. We analyzed the response of soil bacteria to conversion from primary rain forest to oil palm plantation and regenerating logged forest in Malaysia. Bacterial diversity increased by approximately 20% with conversion to oil palm because of higher pH due to liming by plantation managers. Phylogenetic clustering indicated that bacterial communities were determined by environmental filtering. Regenerating logged forests did not have significantly different soil chemistry, which did not correspond with significant differences in bacterial richness, diversity, or the relative abundances of particular taxa. However, there were significant differences in the structure of bacterial community networks between regenerating logged forests and primary forests, highlighting previously unobserved effects of these two land uses. Network analysis highlighted taxa that are potentially central to bacterial networks, but have low relative abundances, suggesting that these rare taxa could play an ecological role and therefore warrant further research.

Published
2017

22. A communal catalogue reveals Earth's multiscale microbial diversity

Author

Thompson, LR, Sanders, JG, McDonald, D, Amir, A, Ladau, J, Locey, KJ, Prill, RJ, Tripathi, A, Gibbons, SM, Ackermann, G, Navas-Molina, JA, Janssen, S, Kopylova, E, Vazquez-Baeza, Y, Gonzalez, A, Morton, JT, Mirarab, S, Xu, ZZ, Jiang, L, Haroon, MF, Kanbar, J, Zhu, Q, Song, SJ, Kosciolek, T, Bokulich, NA, Lefler, J, Brislawn, CJ, Humphrey, G, Owens, SM, Hampton-Marcell, J, Berg-Lyons, D, McKenzie, V, Fierer, N, Fuhrman, JA, Clauset, A, Stevens, RL, Shade, A, Pollard, KS, Goodwin, KD, Jansson, JK, Gilbert, JA, Knight, R, Rivera, JLA, Al-Moosawi, L, Alverdy, J, Amato, KR, Andras, J, Angenent, LT, Antonopoulos, DA, Apprill, A, Armitage, D, Ballantine, K, Barta, J, Baum, JK, Berry, A, Bhatnagar, A, Bhatnagar, M, Biddle, JF, Bittner, L, Boldgiv, B, Bottos, E, Boyer, DM, Braun, J, Brazelton, W, Brearley, FQ, Campbell, AH, Caporaso, JG, Cardona, C, Carroll, J, Cary, SC, Casper, BB, Charles, TC, Chu, H, Claar, DC, Clark, RG, Clayton, JB, Clemente, JC, Cochran, A, Coleman, ML, Collins, G, Colwell, RR, Contreras, M, Crary, BB, Creer, S, Cristol, DA, Crump, BC, Cui, D, Daly, SE, Davalos, L, Dawson, RD, Defazio, J, Delsuc, F, Dionisi, HM, Dominguez-Bello, MG, Dowell, R, Dubinsky, EA, Dunn, PO, Ercolini, D, Espinoza, RE, Ezenwa, V, Fenner, N, Findlay, HS, Fleming, ID, Fogliano, V, Forsman, A, Freeman, C, Friedman, ES, Galindo, G, Garcia, L, Alexandra Garcia-Amado, M, Garshelis, D, Gasser, RB, Gerdts, G, Gibson, MK, Gifford, I, Gill, RT, Giray, T, Gittel, A, Golyshin, P, Gong, D, Grossart, H-P, Guyton, K, Haig, S-J, Hale, V, Hall, RS, Hallam, SJ, Handley, KM, Hasan, NA, Haydon, SR, Hickman, JE, Hidalgo, G, Hofmockel, KS, Hooker, J, Hulth, S, Hultman, J, Hyde, E, Ibanez-Alamo, JD, Jastrow, JD, Jex, AR, Johnson, LS, Johnston, ER, Joseph, S, Jurburg, SD, Jurelevicius, D, Karlsson, A, Karlsson, R, Kauppinen, S, Kellogg, CTE, Kennedy, SJ, Kerkhof, LJ, King, GM, Kling, GW, Koehler, AV, Krezalek, M, Kueneman, J, Lamendella, R, Landon, EM, Lane-deGraaf, K, LaRoche, J, Larsen, P, Laverock, B, Lax, S, Lentino, M, Levin, II, Liancourt, P, Liang, W, Linz, AM, Lipson, DA, Liu, Y, Lladser, ME, Lozada, M, Spirito, CM, MacCormack, WP, MacRae-Crerar, A, Magris, M, Martin-Platero, AM, Martin-Vivaldi, M, Margarita Martinez, L, Martinez-Bueno, M, Marzinelli, EM, Mason, OU, Mayer, GD, McDevitt-Irwin, JM, McDonald, JE, McGuire, KL, McMahon, KD, McMinds, R, Medina, M, Mendelson, JR, Metcalf, JL, Meyer, F, Michelangeli, F, Miller, K, Mills, DA, Minich, J, Mocali, S, Moitinho-Silva, L, Moore, A, Morgan-Kiss, RM, Munroe, P, Myrold, D, Neufeld, JD, Ni, Y, Nicol, GW, Nielsen, S, Nissimov, JI, Niu, K, Nolan, MJ, Noyce, K, O'Brien, SL, Okamoto, N, Orlando, L, Castellano, YO, Osuolale, O, Oswald, W, Parnell, J, Peralta-Sanchez, JM, Petraitis, P, Pfister, C, Pilon-Smits, E, Piombino, P, Pointing, SB, Pollock, FJ, Potter, C, Prithiviraj, B, Quince, C, Rani, A, Ranjan, R, Rao, S, Rees, AP, Richardson, M, Riebesell, U, Robinson, C, Rockne, KJ, Rodriguezl, SM, Rohwer, F, Roundstone, W, Safran, RJ, Sangwan, N, Sanz, V, Schrenk, M, Schrenzel, MD, Scott, NM, Seger, RL, Seguin-Orlando, A, Seldin, L, Seyler, LM, Shakhsheer, B, Sheets, GM, Shen, C, Shi, Y, Shin, H, Shogan, BD, Shutler, D, Siegel, J, Simmons, S, Sjoling, S, Smith, DP, Soler, JJ, Sperling, M, Steinberg, PD, Stephens, B, Stevens, MA, Taghavi, S, Tai, V, Tait, K, Tan, CL, Tas, N, Taylor, DL, Thomas, T, Timling, I, Turner, BL, Urich, T, Ursell, LK, van der Lelie, D, Van Treuren, W, van Zwieten, L, Vargas-Robles, D, Thurber, RV, Vitaglione, P, Walker, DA, Walters, WA, Wang, S, Wang, T, Weaver, T, Webster, NS, Wehrle, B, Weisenhorn, P, Weiss, S, Werner, JJ, West, K, Whitehead, A, Whitehead, SR, Whittingham, LA, Willerslev, E, Williams, AE, Wood, SA, Woodhams, DC, Yang, Y, Zaneveld, J, Zarraonaindia, I, Zhang, Q, Zhao, H, Thompson, LR, Sanders, JG, McDonald, D, Amir, A, Ladau, J, Locey, KJ, Prill, RJ, Tripathi, A, Gibbons, SM, Ackermann, G, Navas-Molina, JA, Janssen, S, Kopylova, E, Vazquez-Baeza, Y, Gonzalez, A, Morton, JT, Mirarab, S, Xu, ZZ, Jiang, L, Haroon, MF, Kanbar, J, Zhu, Q, Song, SJ, Kosciolek, T, Bokulich, NA, Lefler, J, Brislawn, CJ, Humphrey, G, Owens, SM, Hampton-Marcell, J, Berg-Lyons, D, McKenzie, V, Fierer, N, Fuhrman, JA, Clauset, A, Stevens, RL, Shade, A, Pollard, KS, Goodwin, KD, Jansson, JK, Gilbert, JA, Knight, R, Rivera, JLA, Al-Moosawi, L, Alverdy, J, Amato, KR, Andras, J, Angenent, LT, Antonopoulos, DA, Apprill, A, Armitage, D, Ballantine, K, Barta, J, Baum, JK, Berry, A, Bhatnagar, A, Bhatnagar, M, Biddle, JF, Bittner, L, Boldgiv, B, Bottos, E, Boyer, DM, Braun, J, Brazelton, W, Brearley, FQ, Campbell, AH, Caporaso, JG, Cardona, C, Carroll, J, Cary, SC, Casper, BB, Charles, TC, Chu, H, Claar, DC, Clark, RG, Clayton, JB, Clemente, JC, Cochran, A, Coleman, ML, Collins, G, Colwell, RR, Contreras, M, Crary, BB, Creer, S, Cristol, DA, Crump, BC, Cui, D, Daly, SE, Davalos, L, Dawson, RD, Defazio, J, Delsuc, F, Dionisi, HM, Dominguez-Bello, MG, Dowell, R, Dubinsky, EA, Dunn, PO, Ercolini, D, Espinoza, RE, Ezenwa, V, Fenner, N, Findlay, HS, Fleming, ID, Fogliano, V, Forsman, A, Freeman, C, Friedman, ES, Galindo, G, Garcia, L, Alexandra Garcia-Amado, M, Garshelis, D, Gasser, RB, Gerdts, G, Gibson, MK, Gifford, I, Gill, RT, Giray, T, Gittel, A, Golyshin, P, Gong, D, Grossart, H-P, Guyton, K, Haig, S-J, Hale, V, Hall, RS, Hallam, SJ, Handley, KM, Hasan, NA, Haydon, SR, Hickman, JE, Hidalgo, G, Hofmockel, KS, Hooker, J, Hulth, S, Hultman, J, Hyde, E, Ibanez-Alamo, JD, Jastrow, JD, Jex, AR, Johnson, LS, Johnston, ER, Joseph, S, Jurburg, SD, Jurelevicius, D, Karlsson, A, Karlsson, R, Kauppinen, S, Kellogg, CTE, Kennedy, SJ, Kerkhof, LJ, King, GM, Kling, GW, Koehler, AV, Krezalek, M, Kueneman, J, Lamendella, R, Landon, EM, Lane-deGraaf, K, LaRoche, J, Larsen, P, Laverock, B, Lax, S, Lentino, M, Levin, II, Liancourt, P, Liang, W, Linz, AM, Lipson, DA, Liu, Y, Lladser, ME, Lozada, M, Spirito, CM, MacCormack, WP, MacRae-Crerar, A, Magris, M, Martin-Platero, AM, Martin-Vivaldi, M, Margarita Martinez, L, Martinez-Bueno, M, Marzinelli, EM, Mason, OU, Mayer, GD, McDevitt-Irwin, JM, McDonald, JE, McGuire, KL, McMahon, KD, McMinds, R, Medina, M, Mendelson, JR, Metcalf, JL, Meyer, F, Michelangeli, F, Miller, K, Mills, DA, Minich, J, Mocali, S, Moitinho-Silva, L, Moore, A, Morgan-Kiss, RM, Munroe, P, Myrold, D, Neufeld, JD, Ni, Y, Nicol, GW, Nielsen, S, Nissimov, JI, Niu, K, Nolan, MJ, Noyce, K, O'Brien, SL, Okamoto, N, Orlando, L, Castellano, YO, Osuolale, O, Oswald, W, Parnell, J, Peralta-Sanchez, JM, Petraitis, P, Pfister, C, Pilon-Smits, E, Piombino, P, Pointing, SB, Pollock, FJ, Potter, C, Prithiviraj, B, Quince, C, Rani, A, Ranjan, R, Rao, S, Rees, AP, Richardson, M, Riebesell, U, Robinson, C, Rockne, KJ, Rodriguezl, SM, Rohwer, F, Roundstone, W, Safran, RJ, Sangwan, N, Sanz, V, Schrenk, M, Schrenzel, MD, Scott, NM, Seger, RL, Seguin-Orlando, A, Seldin, L, Seyler, LM, Shakhsheer, B, Sheets, GM, Shen, C, Shi, Y, Shin, H, Shogan, BD, Shutler, D, Siegel, J, Simmons, S, Sjoling, S, Smith, DP, Soler, JJ, Sperling, M, Steinberg, PD, Stephens, B, Stevens, MA, Taghavi, S, Tai, V, Tait, K, Tan, CL, Tas, N, Taylor, DL, Thomas, T, Timling, I, Turner, BL, Urich, T, Ursell, LK, van der Lelie, D, Van Treuren, W, van Zwieten, L, Vargas-Robles, D, Thurber, RV, Vitaglione, P, Walker, DA, Walters, WA, Wang, S, Wang, T, Weaver, T, Webster, NS, Wehrle, B, Weisenhorn, P, Weiss, S, Werner, JJ, West, K, Whitehead, A, Whitehead, SR, Whittingham, LA, Willerslev, E, Williams, AE, Wood, SA, Woodhams, DC, Yang, Y, Zaneveld, J, Zarraonaindia, I, Zhang, Q, and Zhao, H

Abstract

Our growing awareness of the microbial world's importance and diversity contrasts starkly with our limited understanding of its fundamental structure. Despite recent advances in DNA sequencing, a lack of standardized protocols and common analytical frameworks impedes comparisons among studies, hindering the development of global inferences about microbial life on Earth. Here we present a meta-analysis of microbial community samples collected by hundreds of researchers for the Earth Microbiome Project. Coordinated protocols and new analytical methods, particularly the use of exact sequences instead of clustered operational taxonomic units, enable bacterial and archaeal ribosomal RNA gene sequences to be followed across multiple studies and allow us to explore patterns of diversity at an unprecedented scale. The result is both a reference database giving global context to DNA sequence data and a framework for incorporating data from future studies, fostering increasingly complete characterization of Earth's microbial diversity.

Published
2017

23. Consequences of tropical forest conversion to oil palm on soil bacterial community and network structure

Author

Wood, SA, Gilbert, JA, Leff, JW, Fierer, N, D'Angelo, H, Bateman, C, Gedallovich, SM, Gillikin, CM, Gradoville, MR, Mansor, P, Massmann, A, Yang, N, Turner, BL, Brearley, FQ, McGuire, KL, Wood, SA, Gilbert, JA, Leff, JW, Fierer, N, D'Angelo, H, Bateman, C, Gedallovich, SM, Gillikin, CM, Gradoville, MR, Mansor, P, Massmann, A, Yang, N, Turner, BL, Brearley, FQ, and McGuire, KL

Abstract

Tropical forest conversion to agriculture is a major global change process. Understanding of the ecological consequences of this conversion are limited by poor knowledge of how soil microorganisms respond. We analyzed the response of soil bacteria to conversion from primary rain forest to oil palm plantation and regenerating logged forest in Malaysia. Bacterial diversity increased by approximately 20% with conversion to oil palm because of higher pH due to liming by plantation managers. Phylogenetic clustering indicated that bacterial communities were determined by environmental filtering. Regenerating logged forests did not have significantly different soil chemistry, which did not correspond with significant differences in bacterial richness, diversity, or the relative abundances of particular taxa. However, there were significant differences in the structure of bacterial community networks between regenerating logged forests and primary forests, highlighting previously unobserved effects of these two land uses. Network analysis highlighted taxa that are potentially central to bacterial networks, but have low relative abundances, suggesting that these rare taxa could play an ecological role and therefore warrant further research.

Published
2017

24. Reporting requirements, targets, and quotas for women in leadership

Author

Sojo, VE, Wood, RE, Wood, SA, Wheeler, MA, Sojo, VE, Wood, RE, Wood, SA, and Wheeler, MA

Abstract

Reporting requirements, targets, and quotas have been implemented in several countries to increase female representation in leadership. In three studies, we analyze the effectiveness of these strategies from a goal-setting perspective. Study 1 evaluates the relationship between reporting requirements and female representation on boards of directors with data from Fortune 500 companies from 1996 to 2015. Study 2 analyzes the association of reporting requirements, targets, and quotas with the representation of women on boards of directors of public companies across 91 countries. Study 3 evaluates the impact of targets and quotas for women in parliaments across 190 nations. The board diversity reporting directive introduced in the US was followed by an acceleration in the increase of female representation on boards of directors of Fortune 500 companies. Higher goals for women on boards of directors were related to higher female representation. Similarly, higher gender goals and strong enforcement mechanisms in parliaments were related to higher female representation.

Published
2016

25. Usp9x-deficiency disrupts the morphological development of the postnatal hippocampal dentate gyrus

Author

Oishi, S, Premarathne, S, Harvey, TJ, Iyer, S, Dixon, C, Alexander, S, Burne, THJ, Wood, SA, Piper, M, Oishi, S, Premarathne, S, Harvey, TJ, Iyer, S, Dixon, C, Alexander, S, Burne, THJ, Wood, SA, and Piper, M

Abstract

Within the adult mammalian brain, neurogenesis persists within two main discrete locations, the subventricular zone lining the lateral ventricles, and the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Neurogenesis within the adult dentate gyrus contributes to learning and memory, and deficiencies in neurogenesis have been linked to cognitive decline. Neural stem cells within the adult dentate gyrus reside within the subgranular zone (SGZ), and proteins intrinsic to stem cells, and factors within the niche microenvironment, are critical determinants for development and maintenance of this structure. Our understanding of the repertoire of these factors, however, remains limited. The deubiquitylating enzyme USP9X has recently emerged as a mediator of neural stem cell identity. Furthermore, mice lacking Usp9x exhibit a striking reduction in the overall size of the adult dentate gyrus. Here we reveal that the development of the postnatal SGZ is abnormal in mice lacking Usp9x. Usp9x conditional knockout mice exhibit a smaller hippocampus and shortened dentate gyrus blades from as early as P7. Moreover, the analysis of cellular populations within the dentate gyrus revealed reduced stem cell, neuroblast and neuronal numbers and abnormal neuroblast morphology. Collectively, these findings highlight the critical role played by USP9X in the normal morphological development of the postnatal dentate gyrus.

Published
2016

26. Reporting requirements, Targets, And quotas for women in leadership

Author

Sojo, VE, Wood, RE, Wood, SA, Wheeler, MA, Sojo, VE, Wood, RE, Wood, SA, and Wheeler, MA

Abstract

Reporting requirements, targets, and quotas have been implemented in several countries to increase female representation in leadership. In three studies, we analyze the effectiveness of these strategies from a goal-setting perspective. Study 1 evaluates the relationship between reporting requirements and female representation on boards of directors with data from Fortune 500 companies from 1996 to 2015. Study 2 analyzes the association of reporting requirements, targets, and quotas with the representation of women on boards of directors of public companies across 91 countries. Study 3 evaluates the impact of targets and quotas for women in parliaments across 190 nations. The board diversity reporting directive introduced in the US was followed by an acceleration in the increase of female representation on boards of directors of Fortune 500 companies. Higher goals for women on boards of directors were related to higher female representation. Similarly, higher gender goals and strong enforcement mechanisms in parliaments were related to higher female representation.

Published
2016

27. Reporting requirements, Targets, And quotas for women in leadership

Author

Sojo, VE, Wood, RE, Wood, SA, Wheeler, MA, Sojo, VE, Wood, RE, Wood, SA, and Wheeler, MA

Abstract

Reporting requirements, targets, and quotas have been implemented in several countries to increase female representation in leadership. In three studies, we analyze the effectiveness of these strategies from a goal-setting perspective. Study 1 evaluates the relationship between reporting requirements and female representation on boards of directors with data from Fortune 500 companies from 1996 to 2015. Study 2 analyzes the association of reporting requirements, targets, and quotas with the representation of women on boards of directors of public companies across 91 countries. Study 3 evaluates the impact of targets and quotas for women in parliaments across 190 nations. The board diversity reporting directive introduced in the US was followed by an acceleration in the increase of female representation on boards of directors of Fortune 500 companies. Higher goals for women on boards of directors were related to higher female representation. Similarly, higher gender goals and strong enforcement mechanisms in parliaments were related to higher female representation.

Published
2016

28. Seizures Are Regulated by Ubiquitin-specific Peptidase 9 X-linked (USP9X), a De-Ubiquitinase

Author

Frankel, WN, Paemka, L, Mahajan, VB, Ehaideb, SN, Skeie, JM, Tan, MC, Wu, S, Cox, AJ, Sowers, LP, Gecz, J, Jolly, L, Ferguson, PJ, Darbro, B, Schneider, A, Scheffer, IE, Carvill, GL, Mefford, HC, El-Shanti, H, Wood, SA, Manak, JR, Bassuk, AG, Frankel, WN, Paemka, L, Mahajan, VB, Ehaideb, SN, Skeie, JM, Tan, MC, Wu, S, Cox, AJ, Sowers, LP, Gecz, J, Jolly, L, Ferguson, PJ, Darbro, B, Schneider, A, Scheffer, IE, Carvill, GL, Mefford, HC, El-Shanti, H, Wood, SA, Manak, JR, and Bassuk, AG

Abstract

Epilepsy is a common disabling disease with complex, multifactorial genetic and environmental etiology. The small fraction of epilepsies subject to Mendelian inheritance offers key insight into epilepsy disease mechanisms; and pathologies brought on by mutations in a single gene can point the way to generalizable therapeutic strategies. Mutations in the PRICKLE genes can cause seizures in humans, zebrafish, mice, and flies, suggesting the seizure-suppression pathway is evolutionarily conserved. This pathway has never been targeted for novel anti-seizure treatments. Here, the mammalian PRICKLE-interactome was defined, identifying prickle-interacting proteins that localize to synapses and a novel interacting partner, USP9X, a substrate-specific de-ubiquitinase. PRICKLE and USP9X interact through their carboxy-termini; and USP9X de-ubiquitinates PRICKLE, protecting it from proteasomal degradation. In forebrain neurons of mice, USP9X deficiency reduced levels of Prickle2 protein. Genetic analysis suggests the same pathway regulates Prickle-mediated seizures. The seizure phenotype was suppressed in prickle mutant flies by the small-molecule USP9X inhibitor, Degrasyn/WP1130, or by reducing the dose of fat facets a USP9X orthologue. USP9X mutations were identified by resequencing a cohort of patients with epileptic encephalopathy, one patient harbored a de novo missense mutation and another a novel coding mutation. Both USP9X variants were outside the PRICKLE-interacting domain. These findings demonstrate that USP9X inhibition can suppress prickle-mediated seizure activity, and that USP9X variants may predispose to seizures. These studies point to a new target for anti-seizure therapy and illustrate the translational power of studying diseases in species across the evolutionary spectrum.

Published
2015

29. Diversity of toxin and non-toxin containing cyanobacterial mats of meltwater ponds on the Antarctic peninsula: a pyrosequencing approach

Author

Kleinteich, J, Hildebrand, F, Wood, SA, Cirés, S, Agha, R, Quesada, A, Pearce, D, Convey, P, Kupper, FC, Dietrich, DR, Kleinteich, J, Hildebrand, F, Wood, SA, Cirés, S, Agha, R, Quesada, A, Pearce, D, Convey, P, Kupper, FC, and Dietrich, DR

Abstract

Despite their pivotal role as primary producers, there is little information as to the diversity and physiology of cyanobacteria in the meltwater ecosystems of polar regions. Thirty cyanobacterial mats from Adelaide Island, Antarctica were investigated using 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis, and screened for cyanobacterial toxins using molecular and chemical approaches. A total of 274 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected. The richness ranged between 8 and 33 cyanobacterial OTUs per sample, reflecting a high mat diversity. Leptolyngbya and Phormidium (c. 55% and 37% of the OTUs per mat) were dominant. Cyanobacterial community composition was similar between mats, particularly those obtained from closely adjacent locations. The cyanotoxin microcystin was detected in 26 of 27 mats (10–300 ng g-1 organic mass), while cylindrospermopsin, detected for the first time in Antarctica, was present in 21 of 30 mats (2–156 ng g-1 organic mass). The latter was confirmed via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and by the presence of the cyrAB and cyrJ genes. This study demonstrates the usefulness of pyrosequencing for characterizing diverse cyanobacterial communities, and confirms that cyanobacteria from extreme environments produce a similar range of cyanotoxins as their temperate counterparts.

Published
2014

30. Diversity of toxin and non-toxin containing cyanobacterial mats of meltwater ponds on the Antarctic peninsula: a pyrosequencing approach

Author

Kleinteich, J, Hildebrand, F, Wood, SA, Cirés, S, Agha, R, Quesada, A, Pearce, D, Convey, P, Kupper, FC, Dietrich, DR, Kleinteich, J, Hildebrand, F, Wood, SA, Cirés, S, Agha, R, Quesada, A, Pearce, D, Convey, P, Kupper, FC, and Dietrich, DR

Abstract

Despite their pivotal role as primary producers, there is little information as to the diversity and physiology of cyanobacteria in the meltwater ecosystems of polar regions. Thirty cyanobacterial mats from Adelaide Island, Antarctica were investigated using 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis, and screened for cyanobacterial toxins using molecular and chemical approaches. A total of 274 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected. The richness ranged between 8 and 33 cyanobacterial OTUs per sample, reflecting a high mat diversity. Leptolyngbya and Phormidium (c. 55% and 37% of the OTUs per mat) were dominant. Cyanobacterial community composition was similar between mats, particularly those obtained from closely adjacent locations. The cyanotoxin microcystin was detected in 26 of 27 mats (10–300 ng g-1 organic mass), while cylindrospermopsin, detected for the first time in Antarctica, was present in 21 of 30 mats (2–156 ng g-1 organic mass). The latter was confirmed via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and by the presence of the cyrAB and cyrJ genes. This study demonstrates the usefulness of pyrosequencing for characterizing diverse cyanobacterial communities, and confirms that cyanobacteria from extreme environments produce a similar range of cyanotoxins as their temperate counterparts.

Published
2014

31. The deubiquitinase USP9X suppresses pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Author

Perez-Mancera, PA, Rust, AG, van der Weyden, L, Kristiansen, G, Li, A, Sarver, AL, Silverstein, KAT, Gruetzmann, R, Aust, D, Ruemmele, P, Knoesel, T, Herd, C, Stemple, DL, Kettleborough, R, Brosnan, JA, Morgan, R, Knight, S, Yu, J, Stegeman, S, Collier, LS, ten Hoeve, JJ, de Ridder, J, Klein, AP, Goggins, M, Hruban, RH, Chang, DK, Biankin, AV, Grimmond, SM, Wessels, LFA, Wood, SA, Iacobuzio-Donahue, CA, Pilarsky, C, Largaespada, DA, Adams, DJ, Tuveson, DA, Perez-Mancera, PA, Rust, AG, van der Weyden, L, Kristiansen, G, Li, A, Sarver, AL, Silverstein, KAT, Gruetzmann, R, Aust, D, Ruemmele, P, Knoesel, T, Herd, C, Stemple, DL, Kettleborough, R, Brosnan, JA, Morgan, R, Knight, S, Yu, J, Stegeman, S, Collier, LS, ten Hoeve, JJ, de Ridder, J, Klein, AP, Goggins, M, Hruban, RH, Chang, DK, Biankin, AV, Grimmond, SM, Wessels, LFA, Wood, SA, Iacobuzio-Donahue, CA, Pilarsky, C, Largaespada, DA, Adams, DJ, and Tuveson, DA

Abstract

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) remains a lethal malignancy despite much progress concerning its molecular characterization. PDA tumours harbour four signature somatic mutations in addition to numerous lower frequency genetic events of uncertain significance. Here we use Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon-mediated insertional mutagenesis in a mouse model of pancreatic ductal preneoplasia to identify genes that cooperate with oncogenic Kras(G12D) to accelerate tumorigenesis and promote progression. Our screen revealed new candidate genes for PDA and confirmed the importance of many genes and pathways previously implicated in human PDA. The most commonly mutated gene was the X-linked deubiquitinase Usp9x, which was inactivated in over 50% of the tumours. Although previous work had attributed a pro-survival role to USP9X in human neoplasia, we found instead that loss of Usp9x enhances transformation and protects pancreatic cancer cells from anoikis. Clinically, low USP9X protein and messenger RNA expression in PDA correlates with poor survival after surgery, and USP9X levels are inversely associated with metastatic burden in advanced disease. Furthermore, chromatin modulation with trichostatin A or 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine elevates USP9X expression in human PDA cell lines, indicating a clinical approach for certain patients. The conditional deletion of Usp9x cooperated with Kras(G12D) to accelerate pancreatic tumorigenesis in mice, validating their genetic interaction. We propose that USP9X is a major tumour suppressor gene with prognostic and therapeutic relevance in PDA.

Published
2012

32. NRF2 Activation Restores Disease Related Metabolic Deficiencies in Olfactory Neurosphere-Derived Cells from Patients with Sporadic Parkinson's Disease

Author

Cookson, MR, Cook, AL, Vitale, AM, Ravishankar, S, Matigian, N, Sutherland, GT, Shan, J, Sutharsan, R, Perry, C, Silburn, PA, Mellick, GD, Whitelaw, ML, Wells, CA, Mackay-Sim, A, Wood, SA, Cookson, MR, Cook, AL, Vitale, AM, Ravishankar, S, Matigian, N, Sutherland, GT, Shan, J, Sutharsan, R, Perry, C, Silburn, PA, Mellick, GD, Whitelaw, ML, Wells, CA, Mackay-Sim, A, and Wood, SA

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Without appropriate cellular models the etiology of idiopathic Parkinson's disease remains unknown. We recently reported a novel patient-derived cellular model generated from biopsies of the olfactory mucosa (termed olfactory neurosphere-derived (hONS) cells) which express functional and genetic differences in a disease-specific manner. Transcriptomic analysis of Patient and Control hONS cells identified the NRF2 transcription factor signalling pathway as the most differentially expressed in Parkinson's disease. RESULTS: We tested the robustness of our initial findings by including additional cell lines and confirmed that hONS cells from Patients had 20% reductions in reduced glutathione levels and MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt] metabolism compared to cultures from healthy Control donors. We also confirmed that Patient hONS cells are in a state of oxidative stress due to higher production of H(2)O(2) than Control cultures. siRNA-mediated ablation of NRF2 in Control donor cells decreased both total glutathione content and MTS metabolism to levels detected in cells from Parkinson's Disease patients. Conversely, and more importantly, we showed that activation of the NRF2 pathway in Parkinson's disease hONS cultures restored glutathione levels and MTS metabolism to Control levels. Paradoxically, transcriptomic analysis after NRF2 pathway activation revealed an increased number of differentially expressed mRNAs within the NRF2 pathway in L-SUL treated Patient-derived hONS cells compared to L-SUL treated Controls, even though their metabolism was restored to normal. We also identified differential expression of the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway, but only post-treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirmed NRF2 as a potential therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease and provided the first demonstration that NRF2 function was inducible in Patient-derived cells from donors with uniquely va

Published
2011

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