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Epidural fibrosis is a challenging topic in spinal surgery. Numerous clinical and experimental studies have been focused on this issue to clarify problems faced in spinal procedures for the patient as well as the surgeon and find out new methodologies. Dense cytokines and growth factors which are released from inflammatory cells have been suggested to play a major role in the inception and progression of fibrosis. One of the most investigated and important actor in epidural fibrosis is assumed to be the transforming growth factor-1 beta (TGF-1 beta) formation. Studies showed that Dexmedetomidine (DEX) downregulates TGF-beta pathway with its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. From this point of view, for the first time in the literature we try to observe if there will be an effect of topical DEX administration over epidural fibrosis in a rat model. We hypothesized that DEX might have preventive effects on epidural fibrosis via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Twenty-four adult male Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to three groups (Topical DEX, Spongostan, Laminectomy). A total laminectomy was performed at the L3-L5 level and then the ligamentum flavum and epidural fat tissue were cleared away from the surgical site. Histopathological assessment was performed postoperatively after 4 weeks. Our study revealed that topical DEX administration may have effects on reducing epidural fibrosis. Topical DEX administration may be helpful in preventing epidural fibrosis after laminectomy in rats through multiple anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms as well as through TGF -1 beta pathway.

Epidural fibrosis is a challenging topic in spinal surgery. Numerous clinical and experimental studies have been focused on this issue to clarify problems faced in spinal procedures for the patient as well as the surgeon and find out new methodologies. Dense cytokines and growth factors which are released from inflammatory cells have been suggested to play a major role in the inception and progression of fibrosis. One of the most investigated and important actor in epidural fibrosis is assumed to be the transforming growth factor-1 beta (TGF-1 beta) formation. Studies showed that Dexmedetomidine (DEX) downregulates TGF-beta pathway with its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. From this point of view, for the first time in the literature we try to observe if there will be an effect of topical DEX administration over epidural fibrosis in a rat model. We hypothesized that DEX might have preventive effects on epidural fibrosis via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Twenty-four adult male Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to three groups (Topical DEX, Spongostan, Laminectomy). A total laminectomy was performed at the L3-L5 level and then the ligamentum flavum and epidural fat tissue were cleared away from the surgical site. Histopathological assessment was performed postoperatively after 4 weeks. Our study revealed that topical DEX administration may have effects on reducing epidural fibrosis. Topical DEX administration may be helpful in preventing epidural fibrosis after laminectomy in rats through multiple anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms as well as through TGF -1 beta pathway.

Separation of spermatozoa with x and y chromosome at boer goat and its application by artificial insemination for kid sex purposeABSTRACT. The purposes of this experiment are to investigate the separation of X and Y spermatozoa by measuring the spermatozoa quality, sex ratio between X and Y, capacity of fertility indicated by conception rate and sex ratio of goat boar kids. Samples, used in this experiment, are fresh semen from Boer goat with high quality consists of 4 group treatments with 6 replications 1) group of spermatozoa without separation (control), 2) group of spermatozoa separated by percoll gradient density centrifugation 3 levels (P1), 5 levels (P2) and swine up (P3). The observed parameters are spermatozoa quality, X and Y spermatozoa ratio, fertility’s capacity and sex ratio on the birth. Quality examination of spermatozoa and identify X and Y spermatozoa is based on the standard method of WHO. The conception rate was based on the ratio of pregnant goat after the first insemination. Data of spermatozoa quality and spermatozoa ratio were analyzed by using analisis of variance (ANOVA) and further analysis by LSD if there were differences between treatments. The results of this experiment showed that spermatozoa quality Boer goat significantly reduced (p<0,05) after separation with percoll gradient density centrifugation and swim up. Percentage spermatozoa X after percoll gradient density centrifugation was significantly higher (P<0,05) compared to control and swim up. Meanwhile, the Y spermatozoa population was significantly higher (P<0,05) after swim up treatment compared to percoll gradient density centrifugation and control. The percentage of sex ratio (male: female) after insemination from percoll gradient density centrifugation produced more female than male. On the other hand, insemination from swim up produced more male than female. Sex ratio produced from separation of percoll gradient density centrifugation, swim up was difference from control

A series of studies related to animal feeding technology to stimulate the egg production and egg quality with the development of a cheap source of protein types and useful has been done through the evaluation of viabilityand nutritive value of Indigofera tinctoria and in vivo treatments on quail and chicken. Research conducted since 2010 to October 2012 with a focus on increasing the ability to grow the Indigofera’s seed under soaking treatment inauxin hormone and testing the nutritional value on quail and chicken. The first study related to the viability testing is done by soaking the seed of Indigofera in auxin hormone before planting in the field. The study consisted of 4treatments and 5 replications of soaking period, namely: control, B (12 hours), C (24 hours) and D (32 hours) in the solution. The parameters measured were: viability and growth of seed and dry matter content of Indigofera leaf. Thesecond study tested the nutritive value of Indigofera in the ration of laying chickens and quail. Treatments were: 0, 2, 4 and 6% of Indigofera leaf in the ration. Parameters observed in were: egg production, fertility, hatchability andegg quality. The results showed that the viability of the Indigofera’s seed with soaking treatment significantly increased to 80% and soaking for 32 hours resulted a higher viability. The treatment of soaking in auxin hormonealso increased nutrient content of indigofera leaf especially protein. In terms of nutritional value, supplement of Indigofera leaf was very useful to improve the production and quality of eggs in both local laying chickens and quail.The addition of Indigofera leaf in the ration up to 5% also reduced the feed consumption and increasead Haugh unit of egg chicken. From these results it was concluded that the viability of Indigofera tinctoria increased by soaking inauxin hormone for 12-32 hours. These treatments also stimulated the dry matter and protein contents in Indigofera’s leaf. The supplement of Indigofera tincto