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The synthesis of a new curcumin analogue dye via 3-chloro-2,4-pentanedion condensing with an aromatic aldehyde is considered. Following that, the synthesized compound is diagnosed utilizing spectroscopic methods, including FTIR, mass, 1H NMR, and 13CNMR. The curcumin analogue geometric optimization and theoretical studies are conducted on thermodynamic properties using DFT. The B3LYP techniques, which are hybrid functional with a 6–311+G(d) as the basis set, are adopted to compute the HOMO, LUMO, and Mullikan atom charges of the studied compound. The curcumin analogue dye nonlinear optical (NLO) properties are examined under excitation with a 473 nm, low power, cw and TEM00 mode laser beam. The index of nonlinear refraction (INLR) and coefficient of nonlinear absorption (CNLA) are estimated using diffraction patterns for the former and Z-scan for the latter. The INLR reaches a value as high as 6.86×10−11 m2/W, while the CNLA reaches 2.23×10−3 cm/W. All-optical switching (AOS) is tested in the novel curcumin analogue dye using two methods: static AOS and dynamic AOS.

Despite the emerging interest in research and development of Ti3CN MXene nanosheet (NS)-based optoelectronic devices, there is still a lack of in-depth studies of the underlying photophysical processes, like carrier relaxation dynamics and nonlinear photon absorption, operating in such devices, hindering their further and precise design. In this paper, we attempt to remedy the situation by fabricating few-layer Ti3CN NSs via combining selective etching and molecular intercalation and by investigating the carrier relaxation possesses and broadband nonlinear optical responses via transient absorption and Z-scan techniques. These results are complemented by first-principle theoretical analyses of the optical properties. Both saturable absorption and reverse saturable absorption phenomena are observed due to multiphoton absorption effects. The analysis of these results adds to the understanding of the basic photophysical processes, which is anticipated to be beneficial for the further design of MXene-based devices.

Despite the emerging interest in research and development of Ti3CN MXene nanosheet (NS)-based optoelectronic devices, there is still a lack of in-depth studies of the underlying photophysical processes, like carrier relaxation dynamics and nonlinear photon absorption, operating in such devices, hindering their further and precise design. In this paper, we attempt to remedy the situation by fabricating few-layer Ti3CN NSs via combining selective etching and molecular intercalation and by investigating the carrier relaxation possesses and broadband nonlinear optical responses via transient absorption and Z-scan techniques. These results are complemented by first-principle theoretical analyses of the optical properties. Both saturable absorption and reverse saturable absorption phenomena are observed due to multiphoton absorption effects. The analysis of these results adds to the understanding of the basic photophysical processes, which is anticipated to be beneficial for the further design of MXene-based devices.

Despite the emerging interest in research and development of Ti3CN MXene nanosheet (NS)-based optoelectronic devices, there is still a lack of in-depth studies of the underlying photophysical processes, like carrier relaxation dynamics and nonlinear photon absorption, operating in such devices, hindering their further and precise design. In this paper, we attempt to remedy the situation by fabricating few-layer Ti3CN NSs via combining selective etching and molecular intercalation and by investigating the carrier relaxation possesses and broadband nonlinear optical responses via transient absorption and Z-scan techniques. These results are complemented by first-principle theoretical analyses of the optical properties. Both saturable absorption and reverse saturable absorption phenomena are observed due to multiphoton absorption effects. The analysis of these results adds to the understanding of the basic photophysical processes, which is anticipated to be beneficial for the further design of MXene-based devices.

Despite the emerging interest in research and development of Ti3CN MXene nanosheet (NS)-based optoelectronic devices, there is still a lack of in-depth studies of the underlying photophysical processes, like carrier relaxation dynamics and nonlinear photon absorption, operating in such devices, hindering their further and precise design. In this paper, we attempt to remedy the situation by fabricating few-layer Ti3CN NSs via combining selective etching and molecular intercalation and by investigating the carrier relaxation possesses and broadband nonlinear optical responses via transient absorption and Z-scan techniques. These results are complemented by first-principle theoretical analyses of the optical properties. Both saturable absorption and reverse saturable absorption phenomena are observed due to multiphoton absorption effects. The analysis of these results adds to the understanding of the basic photophysical processes, which is anticipated to be beneficial for the further design of MXene-based devices.

The nonlinear optical properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) in distilled water were measured using a femtosecond laser and the Z-scan technique. The ZnONPs colloids were created by the ablation of zinc bulk in distilled water with a 532 nm Nd: YAG laser. Transmission electron microscopy, an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, and atomic absorption spectrophotometry were used to determine the size, shape, absorption spectra, and concentration of the ZnONPs colloids. The nonlinear absorption coefficient and nonlinear refractive index were measured at different excitation wavelengths and intensities. The nonlinear absorption coefficient of the ZnONPs colloids was found to be positive, caused by reverse saturable absorption, whereas the nonlinear refractive index was found to be negative due to self-defocusing in the ZnONPs. Both laser parameters, such as excitation wavelength and input intensity, and nanoparticle features, such as concentration and size, were found to influence the nonlinear optical properties of the ZnONPs.

The curcumin analogues (Cur-MeS and Cur-MeO) are synthesized using the 3-chloroacetyl acetone and aromatic aldehydes reaction. Both compounds are characterized using FTIR, LC-MS, H-1 NMR, and C-13 NMR spectroscopies. The geometric optimization and thermodynamic properties of the two compounds are carried out theoretically using DFT. The highest HOMO, lowest LUMO, and Mullikan atom charges of the two compounds are calculated using the B3LYP and CAM-B3LYP methods which are hybrid functionals with a 6-311+G(2d,p) as the basis set. The nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of both compounds are studied using the spatial self-phase modulation (SSPM) through the diffraction ring patterns (DRPs) and the Z-scan techniques, using a continuous wave (cw) low power 473 nm laser beam. The index of nonlinear refraction (INR) of both compounds is calculated by the two techniques. The all-optical switching property of both samples is tested using two visible cw laser beams.

Despite the emerging interest in research and development of Ti3CN MXene nanosheet (NS)-based optoelectronic devices, there is still a lack of in-depth studies of the underlying photophysical processes, like carrier relaxation dynamics and nonlinear photon absorption, operating in such devices, hindering their further and precise design. In this paper, we attempt to remedy the situation by fabricating few-layer Ti3CN NSs via combining selective etching and molecular intercalation and by investigating the carrier relaxation possesses and broadband nonlinear optical responses via transient absorption and Z-scan techniques. These results are complemented by first-principle theoretical analyses of the optical properties. Both saturable absorption and reverse saturable absorption phenomena are observed due to multiphoton absorption effects. The analysis of these results adds to the understanding of the basic photophysical processes, which is anticipated to be beneficial for the further design of MXene-based devices.

We have presented a combined experimental and numerical method that can be used to predict complex nonlinear dispersion curves in almost any material, based exclusively on the experimental determination of harmonic generation conversion efficiencies. We used a hydrodynamic approach that faithfully duplicates linear dispersion, and predicted the wavelength dependent nonlinear response. The method is particularly useful when analytical solutions are not available, as is the case for conductive oxides like ITO, which displays nonlocal effects that trigger an effective anisotropy, and extendable to second order bulk nonlinearities. Our experimental results for THG in silicon suggest that it is possible to exploit its large nonlinear response in the visible and UV ranges, thus opening up new prospects for silicon photonics (Scalora et al., 2019), Postprint (published version)

Membrane-bound or cytosolic light-sensitive proteins, playing a crucial role in energy- and signal-transduction processes of various photosynthetic microorganisms, have been optimized for sensing or harvesting light by myriads of years of evolution. Upon absorption of a photon, they undergo a usually cyclic reaction series of conformations, and the accompanying spectro-kinetic events assign robust nonlinear optical (NLO) properties for these chromoproteins. During recent years, they have attracted a considerable interest among researchers of the applied optics community as well, where finding the appropriate NLO material for a particular application is a pivotal task. Potential applications have emerged in various branches of photonics, including optical information storage and processing, higher-harmonic and white-light continuum generation, or biosensorics. In our earlier work, we also raised the possibility of using chromoproteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin (bR), as building blocks for the active elements of integrated optical (IO) circuits, where several organic and inorganic photonic materials have been considered as active components, but so far none of them has been deemed ideal for the purpose. In the current study, we investigate the linear and NLO properties of biofilms made of photoactive yellow protein (PYP) and bR. The kinetics of the photoreactions are monitored by time-resolved absorption experiments, while the refractive index of the films and its light-induced changes are measured using the Optical Waveguide Lightmode Spectroscopy (OWLS) and Z-scan techniques, respectively. The nonlinear refractive index and the refractive index change of both protein films were determined in the green spectral range in a wide range of intensities and at various laser repetition rates. The nonlinear refractive index and refractive index change of PYP were compared to those of bR, with respect to photonics applications. Our results imply that the NLO properties of th, Peer Reviewed

Membrane-bound or cytosolic light-sensitive proteins, playing a crucial role in energy- and signal-transduction processes of various photosynthetic microorganisms, have been optimized for sensing or harvesting light by myriads of years of evolution. Upon absorption of a photon, they undergo a usually cyclic reaction series of conformations, and the accompanying spectro-kinetic events assign robust nonlinear optical (NLO) properties for these chromoproteins. During recent years, they have attracted a considerable interest among researchers of the applied optics community as well, where finding the appropriate NLO material for a particular application is a pivotal task. Potential applications have emerged in various branches of photonics, including optical information storage and processing, higher-harmonic and white-light continuum generation, or biosensorics. In our earlier work, we also raised the possibility of using chromoproteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin (bR), as building blocks for the active elements of integrated optical (IO) circuits, where several organic and inorganic photonic materials have been considered as active components, but so far none of them has been deemed ideal for the purpose. In the current study, we investigate the linear and NLO properties of biofilms made of photoactive yellow protein (PYP) and bR. The kinetics of the photoreactions are monitored by time-resolved absorption experiments, while the refractive index of the films and its light-induced changes are measured using the Optical Waveguide Lightmode Spectroscopy (OWLS) and Z-scan techniques, respectively. The nonlinear refractive index and the refractive index change of both protein films were determined in the green spectral range in a wide range of intensities and at various laser repetition rates. The nonlinear refractive index and refractive index change of PYP were compared to those of bR, with respect to photonics applications. Our results imply that the NLO properties of th, Peer Reviewed

Combinations of an inorganic distorted polyhedron with asymmetric conjugate organic molecules yield the organometallic compounds. Among them, organic thiocyanate crystals have attracted a great deal of attention for nonlinear optical device applications. The bimetallic thiocyanates of the type AB(SCN)4 for example, ZnCd(SCN)4, ZnHg(SCN)4, MnHg(SCN)4, and CdHg(SCN)4 are extremely interesting for optoelectronic applications. This article highlights present knowledge on growth parameters, physicochemical properties and nonlinear optical properties of several organometallic thiocyanate crystals. The chemical property and physical stability of these materials are compared, and the best results based on the review were reported. Information about the parameters, which are necessary for crystal growth has been summarized.

This paper investigates whether coupling gold nanoparticles to nanostructured zinc oxide enhances fluorescence emission, to produce efficient nanoscale UV emitters that radiate through nonlinear optical absorption processes. The z-scan technique is used to measure nonlinear absorption simultaneously with measurements of nonlinear-absorption-induced fluorescence in zinc oxide nanostructures and hybrid zinc oxide–gold nanostructures. This allows for better determination of the nonlinear excitation and energy dissipation pathways. The measurements show that the nonlinear absorption of the hybrid structures is enhanced by up to two orders of magnitude compared to the pure zinc oxide nanostructures. However, it is found that the increase in nonlinear absorption does not correspond to an equivalent increase in fluorescence due to the competition between two-photon absorption and excited state absorption.

We report wavelength-dependent enormous enhancement of the nonlinear refractive index of wild-type bacteriorhodopsin in the presence of semiconductor quantum dots. The effect is strongest in the region just below the absorption edge of both constituents of this hybrid material and in samples that show strong Förster resonance energy transfer. We show that enhancements of up to 4000% can be achieved by controlled engineering of the hybrid structure involving variations of the molar ratio of the constituents. This new hybrid material with exceptional nonlinear properties will have numerous photonic and optoelectronic applications employing its photochromic, energy transfer, and conversion properties. © 2013 American Chemical Society.

We report wavelength-dependent enormous enhancement of the nonlinear refractive index of wild-type bacteriorhodopsin in the presence of semiconductor quantum dots. The effect is strongest in the region just below the absorption edge of both constituents of this hybrid material and in samples that show strong Förster resonance energy transfer. We show that enhancements of up to 4000% can be achieved by controlled engineering of the hybrid structure involving variations of the molar ratio of the constituents. This new hybrid material with exceptional nonlinear properties will have numerous photonic and optoelectronic applications employing its photochromic, energy transfer, and conversion properties. © 2013 American Chemical Society.

Two major reasons limit porphyrins photonic applications: (i) the difficulty of handling them in liquid solutions and (ii) their degradation with long exposure to light. This necessitates the use of appropriate solid matrices to host the porphyrin compounds such as Nafion (117), a stable and inert ion exchange polymer. The first part of this publication confirms such a possibility. In addition to their effective NLO properties, an enhancement of the Soret and Q-bands' absorbance width have been observed by blending three different porphyrin molecules in the Nafion column matrix membrane. This is an important development towards achieving efficient photon-harvesting medium for possible application in photonic devices. The second part of this contribution reports on the self-assembly/molecular recognition of a specific class of porphyrins giving rise to tubular nano-systems with potential THG nonlinear properties.

The linear absorption bandgap in the ultraviolet and the nonlinear index n (2) in near infrared were systematically measured in undoped and Yb3+-doped top-seeded solution-grown monoclinic double-tungstate KRE(WO4)(2) (RE=Gd, Y, Yb, Lu) crystals. Anisotropic n (2) nonlinear indices have been determined for EaEuro-N (m) and EaEuro-N (p) polarizations with the maximum nonlinear index n (2) observed for the light polarized EaEuro-N (m). Moreover, the value of the nonlinear response of particular crystals in this family is proportional to the ionic radius of the RE3+ ion., QC 20100525

A novel soluble functional polyacetylene copolymer (poly(EAAB-co-PA)) of 4-ethynyl-4'-[N,N-diethylamino]azobenzene (EAAB) and phenylacetylene (PA) was synthesized. The structures and properties of the polymers were characterized and evaluated by FTIR, UV-vis, H-1 NMR GPC, optical limiting, and nonlinear optical analyses. The results show that poly(EAAB-co-PA) has the large third-order nonlinear susceptibility, which are two orders of magnitude larger than those of poly(PA) and novel optical limiting property. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A novel soluble functional polyacetylene copolymer (poly(EAAB-co-PA)) of 4-ethynyl-4'-[N,N-diethylamino]azobenzene (EAAB) and phenylacetylene (PA) was synthesized. The structures and properties of the polymers were characterized and evaluated by FTIR, UV-vis, H-1 NMR GPC, optical limiting, and nonlinear optical analyses. The results show that poly(EAAB-co-PA) has the large third-order nonlinear susceptibility, which are two orders of magnitude larger than those of poly(PA) and novel optical limiting property. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A novel soluble functional polyacetylene copolymer (poly(EAAB-co-PA)) of 4-ethynyl-4'-[N,N-diethylamino]azobenzene (EAAB) and phenylacetylene (PA) was synthesized. The structures and properties of the polymers were characterized and evaluated by FTIR, UV-vis, H-1 NMR GPC, optical limiting, and nonlinear optical analyses. The results show that poly(EAAB-co-PA) has the large third-order nonlinear susceptibility, which are two orders of magnitude larger than those of poly(PA) and novel optical limiting property. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A novel soluble conjugated phenylacetylene copolymer containing nonlinear chromophore, poly {[4-ethynyl-4'-(N,N-diethylamino) azobenzene]-co-phenylacetylen} was prepared and its optical limiting (OL) properties were investigated in three different concentration solution with 8 ns pluses at 532 nm wavelength. The excited state absorption cross-section σex of this polymer was measured with the Z-scan technique. The optical limiting mechanism was discussed based on nonlinear absorption theory. The results show that this polymer possesses the larger excited state absorption cross-section than the ground state, indicating that the OL performance of this polymer mainly arises from the reverse saturable absorption (RSA).制備了一個新型可溶的含非線性生色團的聚炔共聚物,在8ns脈寬532nm下研究了不同濃度溶液的光限幅性能。采用Z-掃描技術測試了聚合物的激發態吸收,基于非線性理論對光限幅機理進行了討論。結果表明聚合物的激發態吸收截面大于其基態吸收截面,其光限幅性能主要來源于分子的反飽和吸收(RSA)。

The possible physical origin of third-order nonlinearity of cadmium chalcogenide (Te, Se, and S) semiconductor nanocrystals were discussed based on the results of both Z-scan and degenerate four-wave mixing spectroscopies of 532, 775, 800, and 1064 nm in nanosecond, picosecond, and femtosecond time scale for nonlinear photonic applications., Presented at the International Conference on New Phenomena in Mesoscopic Structures (7th) and the International Conference on Surfaces and Interfaces of Mesoscopic Devices (5th), held in Maui, Hawaii, on 27 Nov-2 Dec 2005. Published in Journal of Physics: Conference Series, v38 p144-147, 2006. Prepared in collaboration with NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD. Prepared in cooperation with Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; and Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, South Korea. Sponsored in part by Army Research Office (ARO), contract no. W911NF-04-1-0393; National Science Foundation (NSF), grant no's. EEC-0532472, HRD-0400041, and PHY0139048; and by Department of Energy (DOE), grant no. DE-FG02-97ER41035. The original document contains color images.

An analytical formula for the average intensity of an elliptical Gaussian beam (EGB) propagating in a turbulent atmosphere is derived. The spreading properties of an EGB in a turbulent atmosphere are studied. It is found that an EGB will eventually become a circular Gaussian beam in a turbulent atmosphere. This interesting phenomenon is quite different from the propagation of an EGB in free space. The evolution properties are closely related to the parameters of the beam and the turbulent atmosphere, QC 20100831

Three conjugated molecules', 4-phenylethynyl-4'-[N,N-diethylamino]azobenzene (3a), 4-phenylethynyl-4'-{[N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)]amino}azobenzene (3b), and 4-phenylethynyl-4'-[N,N-di(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]azobenzene (3c), nonlinear optical properties were determined using Z-scan technique with 532 mu, 8 ns laser pulses. The results indicate that these compounds possess large nonlinear optical absorptions, which are attributed to the long pi-conjugation structure owing to the substituent of phenylethynyl group. The nonlinearity increases with an increase in the number of hydroxyl group, due to the regular arrangement induced by the strong hydrogen bond interaction between hydroxyl groups of molecules. Their nonlinearity enhancement mechanism was studied by FT-IR spectroscopy. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Three conjugated molecules', 4-phenylethynyl-4'-[N,N-diethylamino]azobenzene (3a), 4-phenylethynyl-4'-{[N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)]amino}azobenzene (3b), and 4-phenylethynyl-4'-[N,N-di(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]azobenzene (3c), nonlinear optical properties were determined using Z-scan technique with 532 mu, 8 ns laser pulses. The results indicate that these compounds possess large nonlinear optical absorptions, which are attributed to the long pi-conjugation structure owing to the substituent of phenylethynyl group. The nonlinearity increases with an increase in the number of hydroxyl group, due to the regular arrangement induced by the strong hydrogen bond interaction between hydroxyl groups of molecules. Their nonlinearity enhancement mechanism was studied by FT-IR spectroscopy. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A spectroscopic study of the optical non-linearities of PbSe colloidal solutions was performed with the Z-scan technique, at wavelengths between 1200 and 1750 nm. No non-linear absorption is observed, while the third-order non-linear refractive index n2 shows clear resonances, somewhat blueshifted relative to the exciton transitions in the absorbance spectrum. The occurrence of thermal effects is ruled out by time-resolved measurements. At resonance, measured n2 values exceed typical bulk semiconductor values by two orders of magnitude. At high optical intensity, the refractive index change saturates, indicating that state filling lies at the origin of the observed effect. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

A spectroscopic study of the optical non-linearities of PbSe colloidal solutions was performed with the Z-scan technique, at wavelengths between 1200 and 1750 nm. No non-linear absorption is observed, while the third-order non-linear refractive index n2 shows clear resonances, somewhat blueshifted relative to the exciton transitions in the absorbance spectrum. The occurrence of thermal effects is ruled out by time-resolved measurements. At resonance, measured n2 values exceed typical bulk semiconductor values by two orders of magnitude. At high optical intensity, the refractive index change saturates, indicating that state filling lies at the origin of the observed effect. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Three conjugated molecules', 4-phenylethynyl-4'-[N,N-diethylamino]azobenzene (3a), 4-phenylethynyl-4'-{[N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)]amino}azobenzene (3b), and 4-phenylethynyl-4'-[N,N-di(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]azobenzene (3c), nonlinear optical properties were determined using Z-scan technique with 532 mu, 8 ns laser pulses. The results indicate that these compounds possess large nonlinear optical absorptions, which are attributed to the long pi-conjugation structure owing to the substituent of phenylethynyl group. The nonlinearity increases with an increase in the number of hydroxyl group, due to the regular arrangement induced by the strong hydrogen bond interaction between hydroxyl groups of molecules. Their nonlinearity enhancement mechanism was studied by FT-IR spectroscopy. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The reverse saturable absorption and the optical limiting (OL) property of fullerene-functionalized polycarbonates (C60-PCs) which were synthesized by a direct reaction of C60 and PC in the presence of AIBN using 1, 1, 2, 2-tetrachloroethane as the solvent under microwave irradiation (MI) was investigated by z-scan technique in femtosecond scale. Its reverse saturable absorption behavior was believed to being caused by the covalently attached fullerene to the polymer chain and was found to be of the same order as C60. The measured OL results revealed that the absorption cross-section of the photo-excited singlet state was larger than that of the ground state, and the ratio of the absorption cross-section of the photo-excited singlet state to that of the ground state was determined by fitting the experimental data to the numerical integration by using the rate equation treatment. These new synthesized materials which are soluble in common organic solvents can be considered as potential sources for further optical applications, especially in ultrashort scale. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The reverse saturable absorption and the optical limiting (OL) property of fullerene-functionalized polycarbonates (C60-PCs) which were synthesized by a direct reaction of C60 and PC in the presence of AIBN using 1, 1, 2, 2-tetrachloroethane as the solvent under microwave irradiation (MI) was investigated by z-scan technique in femtosecond scale. Its reverse saturable absorption behavior was believed to being caused by the covalently attached fullerene to the polymer chain and was found to be of the same order as C60. The measured OL results revealed that the absorption cross-section of the photo-excited singlet state was larger than that of the ground state, and the ratio of the absorption cross-section of the photo-excited singlet state to that of the ground state was determined by fitting the experimental data to the numerical integration by using the rate equation treatment. These new synthesized materials which are soluble in common organic solvents can be considered as potential sources for further optical applications, especially in ultrashort scale. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The reverse saturable absorption and the optical limiting (OL) property of fullerene-functionalized polycarbonates (C60-PCs) which were synthesized by a direct reaction of C60 and PC in the presence of AIBN using 1, 1, 2, 2-tetrachloroethane as the solvent under microwave irradiation (MI) was investigated by z-scan technique in femtosecond scale. Its reverse saturable absorption behavior was believed to being caused by the covalently attached fullerene to the polymer chain and was found to be of the same order as C60. The measured OL results revealed that the absorption cross-section of the photo-excited singlet state was larger than that of the ground state, and the ratio of the absorption cross-section of the photo-excited singlet state to that of the ground state was determined by fitting the experimental data to the numerical integration by using the rate equation treatment. These new synthesized materials which are soluble in common organic solvents can be considered as potential sources for further optical applications, especially in ultrashort scale. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. The photophysical and nonlinear optical properties of Azophloxine in Reverse micelle (RM) and dye-surfactant interaction were studied using Z-scan, spectrophotometer, and spectrofluorometer techniques. The different range of RM sizes and oil polarity is studied. RM is a mixture of water droplet in a continuous phase of oil and its polarity depends on oil polarity. The nonlinear absorption coefficient (β) and nonlinear refractive index (n2) of Azophloxine in RM depend on the polarity of bulk. By using the NMR instrument, it was observed that the Azophloxine dye is intercalated in the reverse micelles in AOT/Water/Benzene solution and its average location corresponds with the core of the micelle close to polar groups of the surfactant. The rule of charge and length scale of surfactant on the value of β and n2 of Azophloxine is studied. The results showed that the enhancement value of β and n2 is due to the solubility reduction of Azophloxine with the anionic surfactant in aqueous solutions or increase of oil length scale in RM. The quantum perturbation theory was used to study the ratio of excited to ground state dipole moment of Azophloxine in RM. By using dynamic light scattering, it was observed that the size of RM reduced with an increase of dye concentration in RM.

© 2018 Astro Ltd. The opportunity to study the optical gain properties of active media using the open aperture z-scan technique without an additional probe beam is demonstrated. The method allows for the evaluation of pump-induced photodynamic process parameters in UV solid-state active media on pumping and lasing wavelengths: excited-state absorption and photoionization cross-sections of active ions, effective absorption and ionization cross-sections of color centers and recombination rates.

© 2018 SPIE. The preliminary data of studying optical gain properties of active media using the open aperture z-scan technique without an additional probe beam are demonstrated. The prospects of evaluating pump induced photodynamic processes parameters in UV solid-state active media on the pumping and lasing wavelengths: excited-state absorption and photoionization cross-sections of active ions, effective absorption and ionization cross-sections of color centers and recombination rates are discussed.