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BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC), as a significant global health problem, is the most common cancer in women. Despite the importance of clinical cancer registries in improving the quality of cancer care and cancer research, there are few reports on them from low- and middle-income countries. We established a multicenter clinical breast cancer registry in Iran (CBCR-IR) to collect data on BC cases, the pattern of care, and the quality-of-care indicators in different hospitals across the country.METHODS: We established a clinical cancer registry in 12 provinces of Iran. We defined the organizational structure, developed minimal data sets and data dictionaries, verified data sources and registration processes, and developed the necessary registry software. During this registry, we studied the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with cancer who were admitted from 2014 onwards.RESULTS: We registered 13086 BC cases (7874 eligible cases) between 1.1.2014 and 1.1.2022. Core needle biopsy from the tumor (61.25%) and diagnostic mammography (68.78%) were the two most commonly used diagnostic methods. Stage distribution was 2.03% carcinoma in situ, 12% stage I, 44.65% stage II, 21.32% stage III, and 4.61% stage IV; stage information was missing in 1532 patients (19.46%). Surgery (95.01%) and chemotherapy (79.65%) were the most common treatments for all patients.CONCLUSION: The information provided by this registry can be used to evaluate and improve the quality of care for BC patients. It will be scaled up to the national level as an important resource for measuring quality of care and conducting clinical cancer research in Iran.

INTRODUCTION: The extent of exposure to occupational carcinogens is not well characterized in Iran, and little is known about the burden of occupational cancer.OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to describe exposure to occupational carcinogens and occupational epidemiology studies in Iran.METHODS: Relevant studies up to January 2021 in Iran were identified through three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar).RESULTS: Forty-nine publications from 2009 to 2020 (one cohort, 11 case-control, 34 exposure monitoring studies, and three cancer burden studies) were included. The exposure monitoring studies were conducted mainly in the petroleum industry, metal industry, manufacturing of electronics, manufacturing of plastics, construction industry, and service industry. A few of the case-control studies also reported increased risk of cancers in relation to work in those industries.CONCLUSIONS: Occupational cancer epidemiology in Iran is at an early stage. Both epidemiological and exposure monitoring studies are generally limited in size to provide robust evidence of occupational cancer risks. A coherent strategy to estimate the occupational cancer burden in Iran should start with conducting epidemiological studies along with systematic monitoring of occupational carcinogens for use in hazard control and research.

Background Prevention, control, and treatment of respiratory tract cancers are important steps towards achieving target 3.4 of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)—a one-third reduction in premature mortality due to non-communicable diseases by 2030. We aimed to provide global, regional, and national estimates of the burden of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer and larynx cancer and their attributable risks from 1990 to 2019. Methods Based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 methodology, we evaluated the incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of respiratory tract cancers (ie, tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer and larynx cancer). Deaths from tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer and larynx cancer attributable to each risk factor were estimated on the basis of risk exposure, relative risks, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level input from 204 countries and territories, stratified by sex and Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Trends were estimated from 1990 to 2019, with an emphasis on the 2010-19 period. Findings Globally, there were 2·26 million (95% uncertainty interval 2·07 to 2·45) new cases of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer, and 2·04 million (1·88 to 2·19) deaths and 45·9 million (42·3 to 49·3) DALYs due to tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer in 2019. There were 209 000 (194 000 to 225 000) new cases of larynx cancer, and 123 000 (115 000 to 133 000) deaths and 3·26 million (3·03 to 3·51) DALYs due to larynx cancer globally in 2019. From 2010 to 2019, the number of new tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer cases increased by 23·3% (12·9 to 33·6) globally and the number of larynx cancer cases increased by 24·7% (16·0 to 34·1) globally. Global age-standardised incidence rates of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer decreased by 7·4% (−16·8 to 1·6) and age-standardised incidence rates of larynx cancer decreased by 3 ·0% (−10·5 to 5·

Study designDescriptive study.ObjectivesThe aim of this manuscript is to describe the development process of the data set for the National Spinal Cord Injury Registry of Iran (NSCIR-IR).SettingSCI community in Iran.MethodsThe NSCIR-IR data set was developed in 8 months, from March 2015 to October 2015. An expert panel of 14 members was formed. After a review of data sets of similar registries in developed countries, the selection and modification of the basic framework were performed over 16 meetings, based on the objectives and feasibility of the registry.ResultsThe final version of the data set was composed of 376 data elements including sociodemographic, hospital admission, injury incidence, prehospital procedures, emergency department visit, medical history, vertebral injury, spinal cord injury details, interventions, complications, and discharge data. It also includes 163 components of the International Standards for the Neurologic Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) and 65 data elements related to quality of life, pressure ulcers, pain, and spasticity.ConclusionThe NSCIR-IR data set was developed in order to meet the quality improvement objectives of the registry. The process was centered around choosing the data elements assessing care provided to individuals in the acute and chronic phases of SCI in hospital settings. The International Spinal Cord Injury Data Set was selected as a basic framework, helped by comparison with data from other countries. Expert panel modifications facilitated the implementation of the registry process with the current clinical workflow in hospitals.

Study designDescriptive study.ObjectivesThe aim of this manuscript is to describe the development process of the data set for the National Spinal Cord Injury Registry of Iran (NSCIR-IR).SettingSCI community in Iran.MethodsThe NSCIR-IR data set was developed in 8 months, from March 2015 to October 2015. An expert panel of 14 members was formed. After a review of data sets of similar registries in developed countries, the selection and modification of the basic framework were performed over 16 meetings, based on the objectives and feasibility of the registry.ResultsThe final version of the data set was composed of 376 data elements including sociodemographic, hospital admission, injury incidence, prehospital procedures, emergency department visit, medical history, vertebral injury, spinal cord injury details, interventions, complications, and discharge data. It also includes 163 components of the International Standards for the Neurologic Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) and 65 data elements related to quality of life, pressure ulcers, pain, and spasticity.ConclusionThe NSCIR-IR data set was developed in order to meet the quality improvement objectives of the registry. The process was centered around choosing the data elements assessing care provided to individuals in the acute and chronic phases of SCI in hospital settings. The International Spinal Cord Injury Data Set was selected as a basic framework, helped by comparison with data from other countries. Expert panel modifications facilitated the implementation of the registry process with the current clinical workflow in hospitals.

Because of little progress in the prognosis and survival of esophageal cancer patients, the early diagnosis and prevention have been prioritized. Alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking are the main risk factors of squamous cell carcinoma, and high body mass index and gastroesophageal reflux are strongly linked to adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. However underlying mechanisms for the observed associations between these risk factors and esophageal cancer are not fully understood. This thesis was aimed to shed further light on the etiology of this cancer through a series of epidemiological studies. An inverse relation between H. pylori infection and the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma, and a positive link with the risk of squamous cell carcinoma is suggested. We identified retrospective cohorts of patients hospitalized for gastric and duodenal ulcers both strongly linked to H. pylori infection between 1965 and 2003 through the Swedish Inpatient Register. We found a 70% excess risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma in duodenal ulcer patients (SIR=1.7 95% CI 1.1-2.5) compared to the general Swedish population. This finding was plausible because duodenal ulcer is associated with hyperacidity and gastroesophageal reflux, a strong risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma. However, it was not consistent with the reported inverse relationship between H. pylori and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. On the other hand, gastric ulcer patients exhibited 80% higher risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SIR=1.8 95% CI 1.4-2.3), supporting the postulated hypothesis in which bacterial overgrowth in an atrophic stomach may lead to the generation of Nnitroso compounds, a suspected risk factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. In a large cohort study among achalasia patients, we found a strong association between achalasia and risk of esophageal cancer (SIR=10.5 95% CI 7.0-15.9). The excess risk was evident for both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, particularly among men. We al

Because of little progress in the prognosis and survival of esophageal cancer patients, the early diagnosis and prevention have been prioritized. Alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking are the main risk factors of squamous cell carcinoma, and high body mass index and gastroesophageal reflux are strongly linked to adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. However underlying mechanisms for the observed associations between these risk factors and esophageal cancer are not fully understood. This thesis was aimed to shed further light on the etiology of this cancer through a series of epidemiological studies. An inverse relation between H. pylori infection and the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma, and a positive link with the risk of squamous cell carcinoma is suggested. We identified retrospective cohorts of patients hospitalized for gastric and duodenal ulcers both strongly linked to H. pylori infection between 1965 and 2003 through the Swedish Inpatient Register. We found a 70% excess risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma in duodenal ulcer patients (SIR=1.7 95% CI 1.1-2.5) compared to the general Swedish population. This finding was plausible because duodenal ulcer is associated with hyperacidity and gastroesophageal reflux, a strong risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma. However, it was not consistent with the reported inverse relationship between H. pylori and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. On the other hand, gastric ulcer patients exhibited 80% higher risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SIR=1.8 95% CI 1.4-2.3), supporting the postulated hypothesis in which bacterial overgrowth in an atrophic stomach may lead to the generation of Nnitroso compounds, a suspected risk factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. In a large cohort study among achalasia patients, we found a strong association between achalasia and risk of esophageal cancer (SIR=10.5 95% CI 7.0-15.9). The excess risk was evident for both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, particularly among men. We al

Because of little progress in the prognosis and survival of esophageal cancer patients, the early diagnosis and prevention have been prioritized. Alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking are the main risk factors of squamous cell carcinoma, and high body mass index and gastroesophageal reflux are strongly linked to adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. However underlying mechanisms for the observed associations between these risk factors and esophageal cancer are not fully understood. This thesis was aimed to shed further light on the etiology of this cancer through a series of epidemiological studies. An inverse relation between H. pylori infection and the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma, and a positive link with the risk of squamous cell carcinoma is suggested. We identified retrospective cohorts of patients hospitalized for gastric and duodenal ulcers both strongly linked to H. pylori infection between 1965 and 2003 through the Swedish Inpatient Register. We found a 70% excess risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma in duodenal ulcer patients (SIR=1.7 95% CI 1.1-2.5) compared to the general Swedish population. This finding was plausible because duodenal ulcer is associated with hyperacidity and gastroesophageal reflux, a strong risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma. However, it was not consistent with the reported inverse relationship between H. pylori and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. On the other hand, gastric ulcer patients exhibited 80% higher risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SIR=1.8 95% CI 1.4-2.3), supporting the postulated hypothesis in which bacterial overgrowth in an atrophic stomach may lead to the generation of Nnitroso compounds, a suspected risk factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. In a large cohort study among achalasia patients, we found a strong association between achalasia and risk of esophageal cancer (SIR=10.5 95% CI 7.0-15.9). The excess risk was evident for both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, particularly among men. We al

Because of little progress in the prognosis and survival of esophageal cancer patients, the early diagnosis and prevention have been prioritized. Alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking are the main risk factors of squamous cell carcinoma, and high body mass index and gastroesophageal reflux are strongly linked to adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. However underlying mechanisms for the observed associations between these risk factors and esophageal cancer are not fully understood. This thesis was aimed to shed further light on the etiology of this cancer through a series of epidemiological studies. An inverse relation between H. pylori infection and the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma, and a positive link with the risk of squamous cell carcinoma is suggested. We identified retrospective cohorts of patients hospitalized for gastric and duodenal ulcers both strongly linked to H. pylori infection between 1965 and 2003 through the Swedish Inpatient Register. We found a 70% excess risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma in duodenal ulcer patients (SIR=1.7 95% CI 1.1-2.5) compared to the general Swedish population. This finding was plausible because duodenal ulcer is associated with hyperacidity and gastroesophageal reflux, a strong risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma. However, it was not consistent with the reported inverse relationship between H. pylori and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. On the other hand, gastric ulcer patients exhibited 80% higher risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SIR=1.8 95% CI 1.4-2.3), supporting the postulated hypothesis in which bacterial overgrowth in an atrophic stomach may lead to the generation of Nnitroso compounds, a suspected risk factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. In a large cohort study among achalasia patients, we found a strong association between achalasia and risk of esophageal cancer (SIR=10.5 95% CI 7.0-15.9). The excess risk was evident for both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, particularly among men. We al

Because of little progress in the prognosis and survival of esophageal cancer patients, the early diagnosis and prevention have been prioritized. Alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking are the main risk factors of squamous cell carcinoma, and high body mass index and gastroesophageal reflux are strongly linked to adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. However underlying mechanisms for the observed associations between these risk factors and esophageal cancer are not fully understood. This thesis was aimed to shed further light on the etiology of this cancer through a series of epidemiological studies. An inverse relation between H. pylori infection and the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma, and a positive link with the risk of squamous cell carcinoma is suggested. We identified retrospective cohorts of patients hospitalized for gastric and duodenal ulcers both strongly linked to H. pylori infection between 1965 and 2003 through the Swedish Inpatient Register. We found a 70% excess risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma in duodenal ulcer patients (SIR=1.7 95% CI 1.1-2.5) compared to the general Swedish population. This finding was plausible because duodenal ulcer is associated with hyperacidity and gastroesophageal reflux, a strong risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma. However, it was not consistent with the reported inverse relationship between H. pylori and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. On the other hand, gastric ulcer patients exhibited 80% higher risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SIR=1.8 95% CI 1.4-2.3), supporting the postulated hypothesis in which bacterial overgrowth in an atrophic stomach may lead to the generation of Nnitroso compounds, a suspected risk factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. In a large cohort study among achalasia patients, we found a strong association between achalasia and risk of esophageal cancer (SIR=10.5 95% CI 7.0-15.9). The excess risk was evident for both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, particularly among men. We al

Because of little progress in the prognosis and survival of esophageal cancer patients, the early diagnosis and prevention have been prioritized. Alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking are the main risk factors of squamous cell carcinoma, and high body mass index and gastroesophageal reflux are strongly linked to adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. However underlying mechanisms for the observed associations between these risk factors and esophageal cancer are not fully understood. This thesis was aimed to shed further light on the etiology of this cancer through a series of epidemiological studies. An inverse relation between H. pylori infection and the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma, and a positive link with the risk of squamous cell carcinoma is suggested. We identified retrospective cohorts of patients hospitalized for gastric and duodenal ulcers both strongly linked to H. pylori infection between 1965 and 2003 through the Swedish Inpatient Register. We found a 70% excess risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma in duodenal ulcer patients (SIR=1.7 95% CI 1.1-2.5) compared to the general Swedish population. This finding was plausible because duodenal ulcer is associated with hyperacidity and gastroesophageal reflux, a strong risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma. However, it was not consistent with the reported inverse relationship between H. pylori and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. On the other hand, gastric ulcer patients exhibited 80% higher risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SIR=1.8 95% CI 1.4-2.3), supporting the postulated hypothesis in which bacterial overgrowth in an atrophic stomach may lead to the generation of Nnitroso compounds, a suspected risk factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. In a large cohort study among achalasia patients, we found a strong association between achalasia and risk of esophageal cancer (SIR=10.5 95% CI 7.0-15.9). The excess risk was evident for both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, particularly among men. We al

Because of little progress in the prognosis and survival of esophageal cancer patients, the early diagnosis and prevention have been prioritized. Alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking are the main risk factors of squamous cell carcinoma, and high body mass index and gastroesophageal reflux are strongly linked to adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. However underlying mechanisms for the observed associations between these risk factors and esophageal cancer are not fully understood. This thesis was aimed to shed further light on the etiology of this cancer through a series of epidemiological studies. An inverse relation between H. pylori infection and the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma, and a positive link with the risk of squamous cell carcinoma is suggested. We identified retrospective cohorts of patients hospitalized for gastric and duodenal ulcers both strongly linked to H. pylori infection between 1965 and 2003 through the Swedish Inpatient Register. We found a 70% excess risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma in duodenal ulcer patients (SIR=1.7 95% CI 1.1-2.5) compared to the general Swedish population. This finding was plausible because duodenal ulcer is associated with hyperacidity and gastroesophageal reflux, a strong risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma. However, it was not consistent with the reported inverse relationship between H. pylori and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. On the other hand, gastric ulcer patients exhibited 80% higher risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SIR=1.8 95% CI 1.4-2.3), supporting the postulated hypothesis in which bacterial overgrowth in an atrophic stomach may lead to the generation of Nnitroso compounds, a suspected risk factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. In a large cohort study among achalasia patients, we found a strong association between achalasia and risk of esophageal cancer (SIR=10.5 95% CI 7.0-15.9). The excess risk was evident for both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, particularly among men. We al