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Xiucai Li,1,* Song Wen,1,* Meiyuan Dong,1,2 Yue Yuan,1 Min Gong,1 Congcong Wang,1 Xinlu Yuan,1 Jianlan Jin,1 Mingyue Zhou,3 Ligang Zhou1,2,4 1Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, People’s Republic of China; 2Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050013, People’s Republic of China; 3Clinical Research OB/GYN REI Division, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; 4Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai, 201399, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Ligang Zhou, Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8613611927616, Email zhouligang@yahoo.comBackgrounds and Objective: Diabetic foot is a relatively severe complication in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), with peripheral neuropathy and angiopathy frequently serving as risk factors. However, it is unknown how the other major systemic metabolic factors impacted the profile of these patients, besides glucose management. Thus, we investigated the distinct characteristics of patients with diabetic foot ulcers and their relationships with angiopathy.Materials and Methods: We obtained the laboratory data of 334 diabetic patients at Shanghai Pudong Hospital from 2020 to 2023. The comparisons were performed between the groups with or without diabetic foot, including glucose metabolism, lipids profile, liver and kidney function, thyroid function, and serum iron. The association between metabolic factors and lower extremity computed tomography angiography (CTA) was analyzed.Results: We found significant disparities between groups in relation to age, serum protein content, liver transferase, serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum uric acid (UA), small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL), lipoprotein A (LP(

Yanju He,1,* Song Wen,1,* Mingyue Zhou,2 Xiucai Li,1 Min Gong,1 Ligang Zhou1,3 1Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, People’s Republic of China; 2Helen Driller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; 3Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Ligang Zhou, Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8613611927616, Email zhouligang@yahoo.comBackground: The mini-clinical evaluation exercise (mini-CEX) is an excellent tool for assessing the clinical abilities of medical students in intense clinical practice. In this study, the Mini-CEX was adapted to professional questionnaires for Diabetes Mellitus (DM), and examined in medical students completing their clerkship rotation in the department of endocrinology.Methods: From January 2021 to January 2022, all rotating medical students at Shanghai Pudong Hospital completed two mini-CEX exams before and following their rotation under the supervision and guidance of six tutors. The mini-CEX form was modified in this study primarily for inpatient management based on our clinical experience and updated DM guidelines of the American Diabetes Association (ADA), the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), and the Chinese Diabetes Society (CDS). Each component of the mini-CEX assessment, including medical interviews, physical examination, clinical judgment, clinical management, and overall clinical competence was evaluated using a nine-item questionnaire.Results: Our findings revealed that the second-round performance on the assessments significantly improved, as indicated by higher scores on each component. The Pearson association anal

Yanyan Li,1,&ast; Qingqing Lou,2,&ast; Song Wen,1 Mingyue Zhou,3 Dongxiang Xu,1 Chaoxun Wang,1 Xingdang Liu,2 Ligang Zhou1,4 1Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, People’s Republic of China; 3Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; 4Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, Shanghai, 201399, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Ligang Zhou, Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8613611927616, Email zhouligang@yahoo.comPurpose: This study aimed to reveal the relationship between the volume of sporadic renal cysts and renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Materials and Methods: One hundred and seventy-one patients that underwent renal imaging and other routine examinations at the Shanghai Pudong Hospital were included in this study. The Gates’ method of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured by 99mTc-DTPA renal dynamic imaging in addition to the eGFR, calculated by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation (CKD-EPI).Results: Our results showed that BMI, total iGFR, and eGFR showed significant differences between patients with T2D with or without SRC (p < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that cyst volume was positively correlated with Scr and gender but not iGFR (p > 0.05). The total iGFR positively correlated with eGFR (r = 0.83, p < 0.0001) and negatively with Scr (r = − 0.78, p < 0.0001), age (r = − 0.43, p < 0.0001), duration of T2D (r = − 0.25, p = 0.001), and BMI (r = − 0.21, p = 0.006) but not gender (r = − 0.03, p = 0.668). The multilinear regression model revea

Chenglin Xu,1,&ast; Min Gong,1,&ast; Song Wen,1,&ast; Mingyue Zhou,2 Yanyan Li,1 Ligang Zhou1,3 1Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, People’s Republic of China; 2Clinical Research OB/GYN REI Division, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; 3Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Ligang Zhou, Tel +8613611927616, Email zhouligang@yahoo.comPurpose: This study aims to identify changes in bone turnover markers and thyroid function in diabetic ketosis (DK) and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).Materials and Methods: We compared data from the Department of Endocrinology at Shanghai Pudong Hospital from 2018 to 2020 on the pancreatic status and previous glucose control, bone transformation, calcium homeostasis, and thyroid function in groups with diabetes (DM alone, n=602), DK (n=232), and DKA (n=60). Similar comparisons were made in recurrent DK (A) (n=17) and single DK (A) (n=272).Results: The fasting C-peptide level decreased significantly, but hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were higher in DK or DKA (p< 0.05). Blood calcium and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OH-VitD3) levels were significantly lower in DKA (p< 0.05), but parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels remained constant across all three groups. The N-terminal middle molecular fragment of osteocalcin (N-MID) and β-C terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type 1 collagen (β-CTX) showed significant inverse alterations in DKA, regardless of gender or age (p< 0.05). Otherwise, DKA significantly inhibited thyroid function (p< 0.05). Furthermore, Spearman correlation analyses revealed a relationship between N-MID and HbA1c in DM alone (r=− 0.27, p< 0.01), while total triiodothyronine (TT3, r=0.62, p< 0.01) or free T3 (FT3, r=0.61, p< 0.01) in DK, and D

Noise generated from wind turbines is a big challenge for the wind energy industry to develop further onshore wind energy. The traditional way of reducing noise is to design low noise wind turbine airfoils and blades. A wind turbine operating under wind shear and in yaw produces periodic changes of blade loading, which intensifies the amplitude modulation (AM) of the generated noise, and thus can give more annoyance to the people living nearby. In this paper, the noise emission from a wind turbine under wind shear and yaw is modelled with an advanced fluid-structure-acoustics framework, and then controlled with a pitch control strategy. The numerical tool used in this study is the coupled Navier–Stokes/Actuator Line model ElliSys3D/AL, structure model FLEX5, and noise prediction model (Brooks, Pope and Marcolini: BPM) framework. All simulations and tests were made on the NM80 wind turbine equipped with three blades made by LM Wind Power. The coupled code was first validated against field load measurements under wind shear and yaw, and a fairly good agreement was obtained. The coupled code was then used to study the noise source control of the turbine under wind shear and yaw. Results show that in the case of a moderate wind shear with a shear exponent of 0.3, the pitch control strategy can reduce the mean noise emission about 0.4 dB and reduce slightly the modulation depth that mainly occurs in the low-frequency region.

The development of commercially friendly and stable catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is critical for many energy conversion systems such as fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Many Co-based perovskite oxides such as LaCoO3 have been discovered as the stable and active ORR catalysts, which can be good candidates to replace platinum (Pt). Although researchers have tried substituting various transition metals into the Co-based perovskite catalysts to improve the ORR performance, the influence of substitution on the ORR mechanism is rarely studied. In this paper, we explore the evolution of ORR mechanism after substituting Fe into LaCoO3, using the combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, high-resolution X-ray microscopy, X-ray diffraction, surface-sensitive soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy characterization, and electrochemical tests. We observed enhanced catalytic activities and increased electron transfer numbers during the ORR in Co-rich perovskite, which are attributed to the optimized eg filling numbers and the stronger hybridization of transition metal 3d and oxygen 2p bands. The discoveries in this paper provide deep insights into the ORR catalysis mechanism on metal oxides and new guidelines for the design of Pt-free ORR catalysts.

The development of commercially friendly and stable catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is critical for many energy conversion systems such as fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Many Co-based perovskite oxides such as LaCoO3 have been discovered as the stable and active ORR catalysts, which can be good candidates to replace platinum (Pt). Although researchers have tried substituting various transition metals into the Co-based perovskite catalysts to improve the ORR performance, the influence of substitution on the ORR mechanism is rarely studied. In this paper, we explore the evolution of ORR mechanism after substituting Fe into LaCoO3, using the combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, high-resolution X-ray microscopy, X-ray diffraction, surface-sensitive soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy characterization, and electrochemical tests. We observed enhanced catalytic activities and increased electron transfer numbers during the ORR in Co-rich perovskite, which are attributed to the optimized eg filling numbers and the stronger hybridization of transition metal 3d and oxygen 2p bands. The discoveries in this paper provide deep insights into the ORR catalysis mechanism on metal oxides and new guidelines for the design of Pt-free ORR catalysts.