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Stimuli-responsive materials exhibiting exceptional room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) hold promise for emerging technologies. However, constructing such systems in a sustainable, scalable, and processable manner remains challenging. This work reports a bio-inspired strategy to develop RTP nanofiber materials using bacterial cellulose (BC) via bio-fermentation. The green fabrication process, high biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and abundant hydroxyl groups make BC an ideal biopolymer for constructing durable and stimuli-responsive RTP materials. Remarkable RTP performance is observed with long lifetimes of up to 1636.79 ms at room temperature. Moreover, moisture can repeatedly quench and activate phosphorescence in a dynamic and tunable fashion by disrupting cellulose rigidity and permeability. With capabilities for repeatable moisture-sensitive phosphorescence, these materials are highly suitable for applications such as anti-counterfeiting and information encryption. This pioneering bio-derived approach provides a reliable and sustainable blueprint for constructing dynamic, scalable, and processable RTP materials beyond synthetic polymers. This work reports a sustainable bio-fermentation approach to fabricate outstanding room temperature phosphorescent nanofiber membranes, overcoming the challenges associated with physical doping and chemical synthesis. By incorporating indolocarbazole derivatives into the culture medium, the rigid cellulose chains facilitate effective triplet emission, demonstrating a significant phosphorescence lifetime of 1636.79 ms and an afterglow persists for up to 10 s at room temperature. image

Food and medicines are two of the most essential categories of goods for human beings, providing vital nourishment and healthcare. However, as these products are commercialized and distributed on a global scale, consumers face the threat of counterfeit and deteriorated products. In response, this dissertation presents four prototypes consisting of On-Dose-Authentication (ODA) binarycodes and battery-less indicators based on smart hydrogel that are edible and reader-friendly to address these issues. First, a microfluidic platform for continuous synthesis of hydrogel microparticles with superparamagnetic colloids (SPCs) embedded at prescribed positions has been established. The shape of the cross-linked microparticle is independently controlled by stop-flow lithography, whereas the position of trapped SPCs is dictated by virtual magnetic molds made of 2D nickel patches facilitating magnetic trapping. The spatial positions of trapped SPCs collectively function as a binary code matrix for product authentication. The proposed magnetic microparticles will contribute to the development of soft matter-inspired product quality control, tracking, and anti-counterfeiting technologies. (Chapter 2) Second, a Physical Unclonable Functions (PUF) algorithm was developed to enhance the ODA binary codes' safety level. This algorithm exploits the diameter and coordinates of spheres as input, abandoning color and intensity as inputs, enabling imaging using common illumination and low-magnification microscopy hence lifting the reading constraints to advanced labs that are usually found in other current graphical PUF systems. Two sets of Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate ODA-PUF tags that can be read out via this algorithm were fabricated. The sets are single-diameter PUF leveraging random distributed superparamagnetic colloids of identical diameters and multiple-diameter PUF utilizing vortexed sunflower oil drops of various diameters, respectively. The performance of t, Engineering Thermodynamics

On-dose authentication (ODA) enhances security by incorporating customized molecular or micro-tags into each pill, preventing counterfeit products in genuine packages. ODA's security relies on tag non-replication and non-reverse engineering. Combining ODA with graphical Physical Unclonable Functions (PUF) promises maximum security. PUF uses intrinsic micro or nanoscale randomness as a unique ‘fingerprint’. However, current graphical PUFs have limitations like specific illumination requirements and the use of toxic materials, restricting their use in pharmaceuticals. In this study, we propose a novel approach called on-dose PUF. This method involves embedding microspheres randomly within micro biocompatible hydrogel particles. We showcase two distinct types of such on-dose PUFs. The first type utilizes randomly distributed superparamagnetic colloids (SPC) of identical diameters, while the second type utilizes vortexed sunflower oil drops of various diameters. The diameter and coordinates of the microspheres serve as input for generating cryptographic keys. A universal circle identification and binning program is used for extracting this information. One advantage of this approach is that it enables imaging using white light illumination and low-magnification microscopy, as color and signal intensity information are not crucial. This method enables patients to verify their medication by using their mobile phones from home. To assess the performance of the proposed on-dose PUF, we conducted canonical investigations on the single-diameter system. This system can only generate one layer of cryptographic keys, making it potentially more vulnerable than the multiple-diameter system. However, the single-diameter system successfully passed NIST Statistical tests and exhibited sufficient randomness, ideal bit uniformity, Hamming distance, and device uniqueness. Furthermore, we found that the encoding capacity of the single-diameter system was 9.2×1018, providing, Engineering Thermodynamics, Energy Technology, Complex Fluid Processing

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with different magnetic, physical, and chemical properties can be used to develop magnetic tags, offering a unique traceability capability that can then be used to improve products’ safety. In this work, synthesized MNPs were incorporated into a cellulose acetate (CA) matrix and characterized in their pristine form and when incorporated in the films. Results show that MNPs are different in composition, morphology, size, and magnetic response. Afterwards, iron carbide (Fe5C2), hexagonal-shaped (Fe3O4 @OA) and multicore magnetite (m-Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) were embedded within the CA matrix showing and good distribution in the films’ matrix. Nevertheless, magnetic films with 0.1 wt% of Fe5C2 NPs (FM1), and m-Fe3O4 NPs (FM4) offered a more uniform dispersion of the NPs over the CA matrix. Incorporating MNPs does not affect the films' mechanical properties and water sensitivity. Nevertheless, the optical properties of the films were affected with high impact for the films with m-Fe3O4 NPs. Particularly for magnetic tagging, the CA films displayed similar magnetic responses to their respective bulk NPs, showing their potential as anti-counterfeiting tags for food packaging applications

Most lead-free halide double perovskite materials display low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) due to the indirect bandgap or forbidden transition. Doping is an effective strategy to tailor the optical properties of materials. Herein, efficient blue-emitting Sb3+-doped Cs2NaInCl6 nanocrystals (NCs) are selected as host, rare-earth (RE) ions (Sm3+, Eu3+, Tb3+, and Dy3+) are incorporated into the host, and excellent PLQY of 80.1% is obtained. Femtosecond transient absorption measurement found that RE ions not only served as the activator ions but also filled the deep vacancy defects. Anti-counterfeiting, optical thermometry, and white-light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) are exhibited using these RE ions-doped halide double perovskite NCs. For the optical thermometry based on Sm3+-doped Cs2NaInCl6:Sb3+ NCs, the maximum relative sensitivity is 0.753% K−1, which is higher than those of most temperature-sensing materials. Moreover, the WLED fabricated by Sm3+-doped Cs2NaInCl6:Sb3+ NCs@PMMA displays CIE color coordinates of (0.30, 0.28), a luminous efficiency of 37.5 lm W−1, a CCT of 8035 K, and a CRI over 80, which indicate that Sm3+-doped Cs2NaInCl6:Sb3+ NCs are promising single-component white-light-emitting phosphors for next-generation lighting and display technologies.

Binder jetting (BJT) is a powder bed based additive manufacturing (AM) process where the interaction of inkjetted droplets of a binder and particles in the powder bed create 3D geometries in a layerwise fashion. The fabricated green parts are usually thermally post-processed for densification and strengthening. BJT holds distinct advantages over other AM processes as it can fabricate parts with virtually any materials (metals, ceramics, and polymers) in a fast and cost-effective way, while achieving isotropic material properties in the parts. However, broad adoption of this process for production is still lagging, partially due to the lack of repeatable part quality, which largely stems from the limited understanding of the process physics, namely binder-powder (B/P) interaction. To bridge this knowledge gap, it is necessary to understand the implications of B/P interaction on process-structure-property relationships and discover ways to achieve new functionalities for enhanced properties. Thus, this research is broadly focused in establishing understanding in (i) binder-powder interaction and (ii) the impact of binder on part densification. Prior studies have focused on the effects of powder interaction with micro/meso-scale binder droplets, despite commercial BJT systems featuring picoliter-scale droplets. These studies have explored the effects of B/P interaction on printed primitive formation, but it's implication on final part properties have not been studied. In this work, the effects of particle size distribution and droplet size variation on final part properties are explored. Additionally, the effects of B/P interaction on accuracy and the resolution of the printed parts are investigated. Densification of parts is a primary focus of many BJT studies as it dictates the final part properties and is influenced by factors from both the printing process and post-processing treatments. Binder plays an integral role in the shaping of parts and maintaining part int

Herein a versatile and scalable method to prepare periodically corrugated nanophosphor surface patterns displaying strongly polarized and directional visible light emission is demonstrated. A combination of inkjet printing and soft lithography techniques is employed to obtain arbitrarily shaped light emitting motifs. Such predesigned luminescent drawings, in which the polarization and angular properties of the emitted light are determined and finely tuned through the surface relief, can be used as anti-counterfeiting labels, as these two specific optical features provide additional means to identify any unauthorized or forged copy of the protected item. The potential of this approach is exemplified by processing a self-standing photoluminescent quick response (QR) code whose emission is both polarized and directionally beamed. Physical insight of the mechanism behind the directional out-coupled photoluminescence observed is provided by finitedifference time-domain calculations.

The regulation of fluorescence color and wavelength of organic luminescent materials is important for their practical applications. However, the aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect in the aggregate state, complex synthesis, sophisticated regulations, and abrupt color transitions of most materials have made such a mission challenging. Here, we develop a color-tunable solid-emitters system based on mechanochromic aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens). By changing the molecular structure and molecular packing of AIEgens, the wavelength and color of emissions can be adjusted smoothly and easily across the entire visible spectrum. In addition to their reversible, tunable, and highly efficient fluorescence, these AIEgens have the advantage of being difficult to quantify and imitate because of their force response. Taking advantage of these excellent performances, we develop three applications based on the advanced solid optical materials: (1) 4D code, (2) anti-counterfeiting patterns, and (3) full-color light-emitting diodes. © 2022 The Author(s)

Falsified medicines are a major issue and a threat around the world. Various approaches are currently being investigated to mitigate the threat. In this study, a concept is tested that encodes binary digits (bits) on the surface of Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) 3D printed geometries. All that is needed is a computer, a FDM 3D printer and a paper scanner for detection. For the experiments, eleven different formulations were tested, covering the most used polymers for 3D printing in pharma: Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polylactic acid (PLA), Hypromellose (HPMC), ethyl cellulose (EC), basic butylated-methacrylate-copolymer (EPO), and ammonio-methacrylate-copolymer type A (ERL). In addition, the scanning process and printing process were evaluated. It was possible to print up to 32 bits per side on oblong shaped tablets corresponding to the dimensions of market preparations of oblong tablets and capsules. Not all polymers or polymer blends were suitable for this method. Only PVA, PLA, EC, EC+HPMC, and EPO allowed the detection of bits with the scanner. EVA and ERL had too much surface roughness, too low viscosity, and cooled down too slowly preventing the detection of bits. It was observed that the addition of a colorant or active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) could facilitate the detection process. Thus, the process could be transferred for 3D printed pharmaceuticals, but further improvement is necessary to increase robustness and allow use for more materials.

Based on the lyophilic surface patterning and discontinuous dewetting technology, we can generate droplet array by liquid strip sliding in high throughput manner. Combining droplet evaporative self-assembling, we can fabricate the micro/nanoscale all-inorganic perovskite single-crystal or thin-film arrays in one-step. Our method can adjust the pattern size and dewetting process and can be used to easily tune the perovskite crystal size position, with versatility in fabricating perovskite arrays in wafer scale. © 2022 MicroTAS 2022 - 26th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences. All rights reserved.

A microfluidic platform for continuous synthesis of hydrogel microparticles with superparamagnetic colloids (SPCs) embedded at prescribed positions is described. The shape of the cross-linked microparticle is independently controlled by stop–flow lithography, whereas the position of trapped SPCs are dictated by virtual magnetic moulds made of 2D nickel patches facilitating magnetic trapping. The spatial positions of trapped SPCs collectively function as a binary code matrix for product authentication. Analytical and finite element methods are combined to optimize the trapping efficiency of SPCs by systematically investigating magnetic field microgradients produced by nickel patches. It is envisioned that the proposed magnetic microparticles will contribute to the development of soft matter inspired product quality control, tracking and anti-counterfeiting technologies., Complex Fluid Processing

Black inorganic materials with low infrared absorption/emission (or IR white) are rare in nature but highly desired in numerous areas, such as solar–thermal energy harvesting, multispectral camouflage, thermal insulation, and anti-counterfeiting. Due to the lack of spectral selectivity in intrinsic materials, such counter-intuitive properties are generally realized by constructing complicated subwavelength metamaterials with costly nanofabrication techniques. Here, the intrinsically low mid-IR emissivity (down to 10%) of the 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene is reported. Associated with a high solar absorptance (up to 90%), it embraces the best spectral selectivity among the reported intrinsic black solar-absorbing materials. Its appealing potential in several of the aforementioned areas is experimentally demonstrated. First-principles calculations reveal that the IR emissivity of MXene relies on both the nanoflake orientations and terminal groups, indicating great tunability. The calculations also suggest more potential low-emissivity MXenes including Ti2CTx, Nb2CTx, and V2CTx. This work opens the avenue to further exploration of a family of intrinsically low-emissivity materials with over 70 members. © 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH

An ideal anti-counterfeiting label not only needs to be unclonable and accurate but also must consider cost and efficiency. But the traditional physical unclonable function (PUF) recognition technology must match all the images in a database one by one. The matching time increases with the number of samples. Here, a new kind of PUF anti-counterfeiting label is introduced with high modifiability, low reagent cost (2.1 × 10−4 USD), simple and fast authentication (overall time 12.17 s), high encoding capacity (2.1 × 10623), and its identification software. All inorganic perovskite nanocrystalline films with clonable micro-profile and unclonable micro-texture are prepared by laser engraving for lyophilic patterning, liquid strip sliding for high throughput droplet generation, and evaporative self-assembling for thin film deposition. A variety of crystal film profile shapes can be used as “specificator” for image recognition, and the verification time of recognition technology based on this divide-and-conquer strategy can be decreased by more than 20 times. © 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH

The development of solid-state intelligent materials, in particular those showing photoresponsive luminescence (PRL), is highly desirable for their cutting-edge applications in sensors, displays, data-storage, and anti-counterfeiting, but is challenging. Few PRL materials are constructed by tethering the classic photochromic systems with newly-emerged solid-state emitters. Selective solid-state photoreactions are demanded to precisely manipulate the luminescent behavior of these emitters, which require dramatic structural change and enough free space, thus limiting the scope of the PRL family. Here, a new PRL material, TPE-4N, that features sensitive and reversible fluorescence switching is reported. The interesting on–off luminescent property of TPE-4N can be facilely tuned through fast phototriggering and thermal annealing. Experimental and theoretical investigations reveal that subtle molecular conformation variation induces the corresponding PRL behavior. The crystalline and amorphous state endows an efficient and weak ISC process, respectively, to turn on and off the emission. The readily fabricated thin-film of TPE-4N exhibits non-destructive PRL behavior with high contrast (>102), good light transmittance (>72.3%), and great durability and reversibility under room light for months. Remarkably, a uniform thin-film with such fascinating PRL properties allows high-tech applications in invisible anti-counterfeiting and dynamic optical data storage with micro-resolution. © 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH

Product counterfeiting is a continuous problem in industry. Recently, an anti-counterfeiting protocol to address this issue via radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology was proposed by researchers. Yet, the use case of reselling the same product has not been fully addressed which might cause serious problems for the exciting and proposed schemes and transactions. This paper proposes an extended RFID-based anti-counterfeiting protocol to address the use case of the original buyer reselling the same item to a second buyer. We will follow the proposed extended scheme with a formal security analysis to prove that the proposed protocol is secure and immune against most known security attacks.

Developing radical emission at ambient conditions is a challenging task since radical species are unstable in air. In the present work, we overcome this challenge by coassembling a series of tricarbonyl-substituted benzene molecules with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The strong hydrogen bonds between the guest dopants and the PVA host matrix protect the free radicals of carbonyl compounds after light irradiation, leading to strong solid state free radical emission. Changing temperature and peripheral functional groups of the tricarbonyl-substituted benzenes can influence the intensity of the radical emission. Quantum-chemical calculations predict that such free radical fluorescence originates from anti-Kasha D-2 -> D-0 vertical emission by the anion radicals. The photoinduced radical emission by the tricarbonyl-substituted benzenes was successfully utilized for information encryption application.

An ideal anti-counterfeiting label not only needs to be unclonable and accurate but also must consider cost and efficiency. But the traditional physical unclonable function (PUF) recognition technology must match all the images in a database one by one. The matching time increases with the number of samples. Here, a new kind of PUF anti-counterfeiting label is introduced with high modifiability, low reagent cost (2.1 × 10−4 USD), simple and fast authentication (overall time 12.17 s), high encoding capacity (2.1 × 10623), and its identification software. All inorganic perovskite nanocrystalline films with clonable micro-profile and unclonable micro-texture are prepared by laser engraving for lyophilic patterning, liquid strip sliding for high throughput droplet generation, and evaporative self-assembling for thin film deposition. A variety of crystal film profile shapes can be used as “specificator” for image recognition, and the verification time of recognition technology based on this divide-and-conquer strategy can be decreased by more than 20 times., source:https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smll.202100244

Due to the ubiquitous presence of memory components in all electronic computing systems, memory-based signatures are considered low-cost alternatives to generate unique device identifiers (IDs) and cryptographic keys. On the one hand, this unique device ID can potentially be used to identify major types of device counterfeitings such as remarked, overproduced, and cloned. On the other hand, memory-based cryptographic keys are commercially used in many cryptographic applications such as securing software IP, encrypting key vault, anchoring device root of trust, and device authentication for could services. As memory components generate this signature in runtime rather than storing them in memory, an attacker cannot clone/copy the signature and reuse them in malicious activity. However, to ensure the desired level of security, signatures generated from two different memory chips should be completely random and uncorrelated from each other. Traditionally, memory-based signatures are considered unique and uncorrelated due to the random variation in the manufacturing process. Unfortunately, in previous studies, many deterministic components of the manufacturing process, such as memory architecture, layout, systematic process variation, device package, are ignored. This dissertation shows that these deterministic factors can significantly correlate two memory signatures if those two memory chips share the same manufacturing resources (i.e., manufacturing facility, specification set, design file, etc.). We demonstrate that this signature correlation can be used to detect major counterfeit types in a non-invasive and low-cost manner. Furthermore, we use this signature correlation as side-channel information to attack memory-based cryptographic keys. We validate our contribution by collecting data from several commercially available off-the-shelf (COTS) memory chips/modules and considering different usage-case scenarios.

Reaction-based photo-responsive molecular systems have been used as a reliable platform for building intelligent materials, but often suffer from high inactivity in terms of conversion efficiency and reversibility when it comes to solid-state applications. Herein, a class of Spiro-conjugated diphenylindene (DPI) aggregation-induced emission materials that exhibit solid-state photocyclization-based photochromism and photoluminescence, achieved by manipulating through-space C-Br···π halogen interactions is reported. In the crystalline state, the Spiro bridge enables a pair of perpendicularly configured C-Br···π interactions that suppress photoluminescence while activating a highly reversible (>10 000 cycles) and efficient photochromism based on photocyclization. After breaking this intermolecular C-Br···π interaction, for example, by grinding, the solid-state photochromic properties are sensitively de-activated. In addition, this spontaneously reversible photochromism behavior gives a controllable decolorization time (from a few seconds to a few minutes), depending on the light exposure conditions, while displaying a luminescence change. In a proof-of-principle study, these photo-function features demonstrate an attractive potential for novel anti-counterfeiting applications. This work reveals the efficient regulation of C-Br···π halogen interactions for spatial molecular packing, molecular electronic transitions, and chemical transformations, paving the way for the development of solid-state intelligent materials with good reversibility.

Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) materials, enabling energy storage by capturing of charge carriers and then the energy conversion to light via photostimulation, can find many advanced applications in various fields, spanning from radiation dosimetry, optical data storage and security, environmental monitoring, biomedicine, clinical diagnostic, to archaeology and geology. At present, there are some blocks, including the development of nanocrystallization approaches, the tailoring of optical transitions, the control of trap distribution, and the understanding of OSL mechanisms, on the road to the exploration of OSL materials. This review gives an overview of the design, preparation, characterization, optimization, application, mechanism, and prospect of OSL materials. A short introduction of the fundamental principle and history of OSL materials is presented, followed by a summary of preparation and design methods, and a survey of OSL materials reported to date. The trap engineering, mechanism, and study methodologies of OSL are summarized, after which the widespread applications of OSL materials, in traditional and newly emerging fields, are reviewed. Finally, the merits and drawbacks of the OSL materials according to the relevant reports currently available are examined. The challenges and outlooks are highlighted and discussed in terms of five important aspects that merit future research. © 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH

Counterfeiting and theft have always been problems that incur high costs and result in considerable losses for international markets. In this research paper, we address the issue of counterfeiting while using radio frequency identification RFID technology in retail systems or other industries by presenting a new anti-counterfeiting and anti-theft system for the retail market. This system addresses the two abovementioned issues and provides a solution that can save retail systems millions of dollars yearly. The proposed system achieves the objective of preventing or minimising the counterfeiting and theft of tagged products. At the same time, it provides a strong indication of suspiciously sold or obtained items. Furthermore, we conducted a security analysis to prove the correctness of our protocol on the basis of the strand spaces.

This dissertation studies the impact of uncertainty and competition on a firm’s decision making in the field of operations management. First, I investigate the dynamics of a firm’s decision. Second, I investigate how competition between supply chain players changes the dynamics of a firm’s decisions. I focus on three specific decision areas: (1) capacity planning at the strategic and tactic levels (2) anti-counterfeiting strategies at the tactic level; and (3) risk management for long field-life systems at the operational level. Our main generic research questions are as follows: (a) how should a firm make its capacity investment decisions in a competitive market, considering the changing demand? (b) how can a firm compete against counterfeiters in a global supply chain? (c) how should a firm that purchases parts manage end-of-supply risk of these parts, considering the changing supply and demand?

In an era of globalized trade relations where food and pharmaceutical products cross borders effortlessly, consumers face counterfeit and deteriorated products at elevated rates. This paper presents multifunctional, biodegradable hydrogel microparticles that can provide information on the authenticity and the potential deterioration of the tagged food or pharmaceutical formulations. These microparticles integrate spatially patterned authenticity code with two sensors—the first one detects possible presence of pathogenic microbes through monitoring pH while the second one identifies products stored above optimal temperatures via optical monitoring of the microparticle degradation. Particles are synthesized from a biocompatible polymer and a photoinitiator, dextran modified with 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate and riboflavin, respectively, using a continuous, high throughput method stop-flow lithography. The proposed synthesis approach also enables crosslinking with visible light bringing about additional flexibility to flow lithography. Model liquid and solid food and pharmaceutical products are successfully labeled with microparticles and the functionality of the sensors in aqueous solutions is demonstrated.

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a technology that uses radio waves to read and capture information stored in a tag attached to an object or location. In this work, we further exploit this technology to find other applications that differ from its classic one and show how powerful RFID can become in the near future. We present three novel ways of taking advantage of RFID technology that go beyond object identification: an RFID-based anti-counterfeiting architecture for electronic components, a passive displacement sensor using RFID technology and an example of how an RFID tag can perform as an actuator, designing a remote control car driven via RFID. In the first of them (Section 3), we showed the feasibility of using this technology in a PCB production line to authenticate a chip during the pick and place stage, by building a demo where a pick and place machine was linked to an RFID reader. Designs of very small RFID tag antennas are proposed but most likely due to variations in the manufacturing process, they didn’t perform as expected. In Section 4 we present an implementation of the principle of RFID tag antenna based sensing by developing a displacement sensor. We conclude that displacement can be mapped to antenna bandwidth and best match frequency. However, for a sensor with higher sensitivity for little displacements, we conclude that a reader with higher RSSI resolution is needed. Finally, in Section 5 we propose two different approaches of controlling a car via RFID technology. Approach A uses the RFID IC writable user memory and Approach B the baseband RFID signal at the tag. In the end we conclude that Approach B is much better as far as time response is concerned., La identificación por radio frecuencia es una tecnología que utiliza ondas de radio para leer y capturar información almacenada en una etiqueta pegada en un objeto. En este trabajo, se explota esta tecnología para encontrar otras aplicaciones que difieren de su aplicación clásica y se muestra cómo de potente podrá ser la tecnología RFID en el futuro próximo. Presentamos tres nuevas formas de aprovechar la tecnología RFID que van más allá de la identificación de objetos: una arquitectura contra la falsificación de chips electrónicos basada en RFID, un sensor de desplazamiento pasivo basado en la tecnología RFID y un ejemplo de cómo una etiqueta RFID puede ejercer como actuador, con el diseño de un coche de control remoto basado en RFID., La identificació per radio freqüència és una tecnologia que utilitza ones de ràdio per llegir i capturar informació emmagatzemada en una etiqueta enganxada en un objecte. En aquest treball, s’explota aquesta tecnologia per trobar-ne altres aplicacions que difereixen de la clàssica i es mostra com de potent podrà ser la tecnologia RFID en el futur proper. Presentem tres noves maneres d’aprofitar la tecnologia RFID que van més enllà de la identificació d’objectes: una arquitectura contra la falsificació de xips electrònics basada en RFID, un sensor de desplaçament passiu basat en la tecnologia RFID i un exemple de com una etiqueta RFID pot exercir com un actuador, amb el disseny d’un cotxe de control remot basat en RFID.

Some insects, such as Papilio blumei and Suneve coronata, are known for exhibiting polarization effects on light such as color contrast or geometrical polarization rotation by reflection on their wing scales. The photonic structures found on these species that show these properties are multilayered spherical cavities or triangular grooves which polarize the light due to multiple inner reflections. These polarization effects, in addition to the intrinsic color-mixing properties of these photonic structures, are of interest in the anti-counterfeiting field due to their invisibility to the naked eye. In this paper, we report micro-fabrication techniques to produce bio-inspired cylindrical grooves (C-grooves) and triangular grooves (V-grooves) that demonstrate the same properties. Theoretical analyses were carried out by using multi-scale simulation (MS) as well as by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) in order to compare the polarization capability of both structures. The V-grooves show greater polarization contrast than the C-grooves, but the spectrum is specular. The C-grooves exhibit lower polarization effects but have a dispersive spectrum. In both cases, the structures show additional optical properties, such as diffraction, macroscopic color contrast under a polarizer, and contrast inversion due to geometries which contribute to their uniqueness.

In this work, we investigate a new way to secure anti-­counterfeiting using light polarization effects inspired from natural photonic structures found on the scales of Papilio butterflies (blumei, ulyss) and on cuticles of Cicendela (chinensis). Polarization effects is only observed by the human eye helped by a polarizer. Thus it can insure two of the three levels of security in banknotes and passports [1]. The first level is a pattern easily recognized by anyone as a colorized symbol. The second level is a pattern that requires a simple device, i.e. a UV lamp or a polarizer, to be observed. The optical structure of papilio and cicendela consists in multilayered cavities. It allows back-­‐reflections by multiple reflections near Brewster angle which result in polarized spectrum [2]. Moreover, geometrical effect induces rotation of the polarization state [3] so that the light is not blocked by cross-­polarizer (Fig. 1.a). These effects are canceled from the macroscopic point of view due to spherical symmetry of the structure. Breaking the symmetry is thus mandatory. For this purpose, we reproduce the photonic crystal using microfabrication techniques in cylindrical symmetry with two orthogonal directions. Bragg mirror was obtained by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Theoretical reflection spectrum was computed by multiscale simulations (ray-­tracing and transfert matrix) and compared with FDTD. Characterizations made by optical microscope and in situ polarizer show that the performed structure enhances polarization effects even at macroscopic point of view (fig. 1.b). Polarization effects have never been used so far in anti-‐counterfeiting industry. This work shows promising results on this way.

Physical Unclonable Functions or PUFs have gained importance since they appeared about a decade ago. PUFs are based on physical random features that can serve as primitives in designing security systems similarly to human biometrics. The basic idea of using random features for security applications seems very interesting since the randomness is there for free. However, it raises some important research questions to be studied. The first important question is that ``how good are PUFs?'' or in other words ``what are our expectations from them and how can we experimentally validate these expectations?''. The second question rising after evaluating the expected properties is that ``how can we connect these physical entities to secure systems?'' or ``how cryptographic primitives can be used to fill the gap between physics and secure systems?''. This dissertation tries to address these two main questions for a specific category of PUFs which are called Image-based PUFs and a particular secure system i.e., anti-counterfeiting. Image-based PUFs represent a category of PUFs based on random visual features of physical objects evaluated by an imaging method. The first part of the thesis is dedicated to build a unified model to deal with Image-based PUFs. The model includes all the procedures needed to evaluate and post-process the images taken from Image-based PUFs. We also provide practical implementations of system components. For example we introduce two new types of Image-based PUFs called Laser-written PUF and Crystal PUF. The relevance of the framework is further demonstrated by its accordance to these examples of Image-based PUFs. We also present two practical adaptive and non-adaptive image hashing methods called Gabor Binary Hashing and Random Binary Hashing. After building the model and instantiating its components, the second part of this thesis tries to address the first question i.e., ``how good are PUFs?''. For that, we experimentally characterize the important p, (FSA 3) -- UCL, 2013

Šiame darbe yra sprendžiama RFID žymų apsaugos nuo klastojimo problema, t.y. kaip neleisti žymų klastotojui išgauti originalios žymos ar visos RFID sistemos identifikacinius ir kitus svarbius duomenis, kurių atskleidimas leistų sukurti originalios RFID žymos klastotę. Darbo analizės dalyje yra plačiau apžvelgiama RFID žymų apsaugos nuo klastojimo problema, gilinamąsi į bendrus RFID technologijos veikimo principus ir RFID žymų kategorijas. Taip pat nustatinėjami galimi RFID žymų klastojimo būdai, jų išvengimo galimybės, apžvelgiami ir detalizuojami kitų autorių sukurti apsaugos metodai, pateikiamos rekomendacijos naujam RFID žymų apsaugos nuo klastojimo metodo sudarymui. Tolimesnėje darbo eigoje yra sudarytas naujas RFID žymų apsaugos nuo klastojimo metodas pagal analizės dalyje padarytas rekomendacijas ir suformuluotas išvadas. Pateikiama pradinė metodo saugumo analizė. Pagal sudaryto RFID žymų apsaugos nuo klastojimo metodo koncepciją ir detalų aprašą yra sukurtas programinis modelis, kuris imituoja metodo veikimą realioje aplinkoje. Naudojantis sukurtu programiniu modeliu ir jo generuojamais rezultatais, buvo atliekamas metodo atsparumo klastojimui įvertinimas. Darbo rezultatų dalyje yra analizuojami RFID žymų apsaugos nuo klastojimo metodo sudarymo metu gauti rezultatai, pateikiamos viso darbo išvados, įvertinamas darbo įvade iškeltų tikslų ir užduočių išpildymas., This paper is addressed to RFID tags anti-counterfeiting problem: how to prevent significant counterfeiters get all important information from orginal tags or all RFID system. The disclosure of that information would provide a chance to create a genuine RFID tag means. A work analysis is a part of a wider survey of RFID tags against counterfeiting problem, explores the general principles of operation of RFID technology and RFID tag categories. It is also explores possible RFID tags manipulation techniques, the avoidance opportunities, an overview and details of other authors to create protection methods and recommendations for a new RFID tags anti-counterfeiting method. The next workflow is composed of new RFID tags anti-counterfeiting method according to the analysis of the recommendations made and the conclusions drawn, provide an initial approach to security analysis. The software model is created by concluded RFID tag anti-counterfeiting method and a detailed description of the concept. The model simulates the performance of the method in a real environment. The ratings of resistance to RFID tags counterfeiting were set using this software model and its generated results. The final part is dedicated to method‘s performance analysis, obtained results and conclusions. It also has objectives and tasks seen in the introduction to the work evaluation.

Physically Unclonable Functions are a promising tool to protect against counterfeiting attacks. Yet, as with any security system, it is important to embed them in a sound protocol, ensuring that no unexpected weakness is present in the mortar binding the components together. This paper proposes an anti-counterfeiting protocol that provably reduces to natural properties of its underlying components, namely an image-based Physical Function System bearing physical unclonability and an existentially unforgeable signature scheme. Experiments confirm the practical feasibility of our construction.

The importance of securing the investment made in software is increasing for small embedded devices, as the size of the development efforts are rapidly growing. The meaning of securing in this context is related to protecting against cloning, prohibit reverse engineering of software, preventing alterations performed in order to tweak performance etc. Sales of illegal copies of devices are a major threat to industrial companies. We introduce a concept which mitigates the issues of counterfeiting and unauthorized production, allowing for production of embedded devices in locations which are not trusted. We define this concept as Secure Production Programming. It targets software-intense microcontroller-based embedded devices where it is crucial to protect the embedded software. Moreover, the concept allows for programming of the complete software in any (un-trusted) location without the risk of exposing the intellectual properties contained in the software, eliminating the risk that someone successfully can download the software on non-authentic hardware. A proof of concept implementation of the Secure Production Programming is presented, and performance figures are given., QC 20140908

SUMMARY: Financial Resources * OSD Methodology * Business Case Analysis. * CONCLUDING THOUGHTS: Lack of experienced or trained DMSMS personnel and support (Management Buy-in) * Not enough human resources to assign to all DMSMS duties (Teams, Tools, and Training) * Lack of indentured Bills-of-Materials (BOMs) * Never enough money (Financial Resources) * Counterfeiting is an ever present danger., Presented at the DMSMS/STD Conference, held in Rio Hotel, Las Vegas, NV, on Oct 25-28, 2010. Document contains briefing charts only. The original document contains color images.

Counterfeit parts including recycled and relabeled microcircuit chips threaten the reliability, safety, and performance of DoD systems. DoD systems are particularly susceptible to intrusion of counterfeit parts, because of increasing reliance on commercial off the shelf (COTS) electronic components and microprocessors. AC3 was deployed in a proof-of-concept format using real world data and electronics intensive guidance sub-assemblies within Standard Missile 3 (SM-3) which is the seaborne theater ballistic missile defense system of the US Navy. AC3 was designed to put into practice anti-counterfeiting strategies including three major thrusts: addressing reduction in the risk of acquiring counterfeit parts; reduction in the time to identify the impact of counterfeit alert notices; and reduction in the time required to identify the specific location of suspect parts. AC3 was designed to provide much-needed VISIBILITY into the supply chain at the COMPONENT level., Prepared in cooperation with Raytheon Missile Systems; Advanced Core Concepts; and Alion Science and Technology. The original document contains color images.

Cardinality estimation and tag authentication are two major issues in large-scale Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems. While there exist both per-tag and probabilistic approaches for the cardinality estimation, the RFID-oriented authentication protocols are mainly per-tag based: the reader authenticates one tag at each time. For a batch of tags, current RFID systems have to identify them and then authenticate each tag sequentially, incurring large volume of authentication data and huge communication cost. We study the RFID batch authentication issue and propose the first probabilistic approach, termed as Single Echo based Batch Authentication (SEBA), to meet the requirement of prompt and reliable batch authentications in large scale RFID applications, e.g., the anti-counterfeiting solution. Without the need of identifying tags, SEBA provides a provable probabilistic guarantee that the percentage of potential counterfeit products is under the user-defined threshold. The experimental result demonstrates the effectiveness of SEBA in fast batch authentications and significant improvement compared to existing approaches. © 2010 IEEE.

From 05.07 to 08.07.2009, the Dagstuhl Seminar 09282 "Foundations for Forgery-Resilient Cryptographic Hardware" was held in Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz Center for Informatics. During the seminar, several participants presented their current research, and ongoing work and open problems were discussed. Abstracts of the presentations given during the seminar as well as abstracts of seminar results and ideas are put together in this paper. The first section describes the seminar topics and goals in general. Links to extended abstracts or full papers are provided, if available

Controlling the authenticity of a product in the supply chain has been a struggle formanufacturers, and increasing complexity of the chains intensifies the imitation andcounterfeiting threats. Indeed, counterfeiting is absent from effective control in supply chainand manufacturers are looking for a technology to supply this control. The ability of RFID toprovide a tagged item with unique electronic code, it’s characteristic to hold some historicaldata about the item and supply automatic, immediate and accurate data about the tagged itemattracts manufacturers to use RFID technology to provide the effective control throughout thesupply chain. In line with this issue, SToP1 (Stop Tampering of Products), an EU foundedproject, aimed at developing an anti-counterfeiting solution based on auto-identificationtechnologies for consortium companies concerned with or affected by fake products. SToP iscommitted to establish the business cases, do research and at the end issue applicationguidelines for using RFID technology against counterfeiting in particular business contexts.Under SToP’s umbrella, this master thesis is initiated with the purpose to design a practicalguideline for choosing an appropriate RFID system for anti-counterfeiting in the aviationindustry that is one of the affected industries.The conclusion of the thesis consists of a number of sections, which altogether fulfill thepurpose of the thesis. The thesis forms a base for continues challenge of implementing RFIDas an anti-counterfeiting device focusing on the aviation industry, proposes solution scenariosbased on RFID technology, suggests applicable standards and proposes a secure RFID methodto prevent counterfeiting specially in the aviation industry. Jointly, these sections fromguidelines as a foundation for decision-making for kind of RFID system for anti-counterfeitingapplication in the aviation industry., Uppsatsnivå: D