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[EN] Traditional sampling technologies such as trawling but also novel ones as ROV surveying are oriented toward a high spatial coverage without repeating data collection at fixed seabed windows. The temporal repetition is often neglected so any reported difference in sampling among sites or studies may potentially be confounded with time-induced variations as a product of rhythmic population displacements within the continental margin seabed and water column 3D scenarios. Behaviour is an important life trait conditioning our perception of deep-sea biodiversity, being its rhythmic expression upon different diel (i.e. 24-h based day-night and tidal cycles) poorly known. In this context, technological step forward must be taken in order to observe community changes in deep-sea areas as a product of population behavioural patterns. Here, I studied how activity rhythms of benthic species within deep-sea communities modulate their composition, species abundances, richness, biodiversity and other life-history trait information in representative deep-sea environments through the use of multiparametric video-fixed cabled and non-cabled stations plus moving platforms. At the same time, I provided new methodological sampling hints on data collection protocols and analyses specifically tuned to the different characteristic of each observatory platform. I shed new light on the regulation that environmental cycles exert on animals' rhythmic behavior, revealing that the main environmental rulers affecting deep-sea benthic communities are still day-night indirect or more direct tidal-oriented cycles which act on endobenthic, benthopelagic, and nektobenthic migrations, [ES] Las tecnologías de muestreo tradicionales, como la pesca de arrastre, pero también las nuevas, como los trabajos con ROV, están orientadas hacia una elevada cobertura espacial sin necesariamente repetir la recopilación de datos en ventanas fijas de los fondos marinos. Esa repetición temporal es a menudo obviada por lo que cualquier diferencia en el muestreo entre sitios o estudios puede quedar enmascarada por las variaciones a escala temporal como resultado de los desplazamientos rítmicos de la población dentro del margen continental marino y el volumen tridimensional de columna de agua. El comportamiento en los animales es un rasgo importante que condiciona nuestra percepción de la diversidad biológica de los fondos marinos, siendo su expresión rítmica diaria (es decir, ciclos día-noche y mareales) mal conocida. En este contexto, hay una necesidad de avance tecnológico y metodológico que permita la observación de las variaciones en las comunidades del mar profundo en las zonas de aguas profundas como producto de los patrones de comportamiento poblacional. Aquí estudié cómo los ritmos comportamentales de las especies bentónicas y bentopelágicas modulan composición, abundancia de especies, riqueza, diversidad biológica y otra información del ciclo biológico de dichas especies y comunidades dentro de ecosistemas representativos del mar profundo mediante el uso de sistemas de cableado submarino multiparamétrico, plataformas submarinas no cableadas y plataformas submarinas móviles. Al mismo tiempo, aporté nuevas recomendaciones metodológicas sobre protocolos de recolección y análisis de datos específicamente ajustadas a las diferentes particularidades y necesidades de las susodichas tecnologías de observación submarina. Los resultados de este trabajo han ayudado a comprender mejor la regulación que los ciclos ambientales ejercen sobre el comportamiento rítmico de los animales, revelando que los principales factores ambientales que gobiernan las comunidades bentónic

Recent advances in cabled observatory video-imaging now enable faunal monitoring over extended periods of time. These platforms can be used to avoid biases in population and biodiversity assessments due to behavioral rhythms (i.e. massive population displacements). In this study we used video monitoring to examine the interplay between day-night and internal tidal cycles in regulating the behavior of sablefish (also referred to as black cod; Anoplopoma fimbria), hagfish (Eptatretus spp.) and crabs. We counted the number of animals in 50. s video-recordings taken at 30. min intervals with 3 NEPTUNE-Canada cameras located in Barkley canyon at approximately 1000. m depth (one in the axis and two on the wall of the canyon). Current data just above the seafloor was recorded as an indicator of the local internal tidal regime. Chi-Square periodogram analysis did not show significant (p<. 0.05) day-night or tidal-based rhythms for the three species. The same analysis conducted for the sablefish (i.e. the most abundant) at each camera separately revealed different and significant (p<. 0.05) 12- and 24-h based periods. Waveform analysis for these time series showed a temporal phase shift among cameras, suggesting diel displacements within the canyon axis. Our results highlight how some Deep-sea fish may present diel rhythmic displacements along canyons according to the day-night and internal tidal temporization. In this context, bathymetric networks of cabled video-stations can be an effective sampling tool to monitor this kind of behavior. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

The overall goals of this project are to: (1) identify candidate clock genes by analyzing the spatial expression patterns and circadian activity rhythm phenotypes of enhancer detector P-element insertion lines and (2) isolate these genes (or cDNA copies thereof) using the P-element as a molecular marker. We have screened through >3000 independent insertion lines. Among these, tilde 2% of the lines produced spatial expression patterns similar to that of known clock genes, period and timeless. Behavioral rhythms were tested in 63 lines, and only one line consistently gives a tilde 1 hour lengthening in period. The insert was characterized and found to reside in period gene regulatory sequences. We have used this line to define the developmental expression of the period gene, identify cell types during larval and pupal development, and to study period gene regulation by creating mutations due to imprecise excision of this insertion. By screening through 150 additional insertion lines for behavioral alterations, we have identified 2 lines which are arrhythmic. These lines are currently being verified by reverting the phenotypes through precise excision of the inserts. These studies have provided insight into period gene expression at all developmental stages and may ultimately result in the isolation of new clock genes.