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Bacterial metabolism in oral biofilms is comprised of complex networks of nutritional chains and biochemical regulations. These processes involve both intraspecies and interspecies networks as well as interactions with components from host saliva, gingival crevicular fluid, and dietary intake. In a previous paper, a large salivary glycoprotein, mucin MUC5B, was suggested to promote a dental health-related phenotype in the oral type strain of Streptococcus gordonii DL1, by regulating bacterial adhesion and protein expression. In this study, nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics was used to examine the effects on the metabolic output of monospecies compared to dual species early biofilms of two clinical strains of oral commensal bacteria, S. gordonii and Actinomyces naeslundii, in the presence of MUC5B. The presence of S. gordonii increased colonization of A. naeslundii on salivary MUC5B, and both commensals were able to utilize MUC5B as a sole nutrient source during early biofilm formation. The metabolomes suggested that the bacteria were able to release mucin carbohydrates from oligosaccharide side chains as well as amino acids from the protein core. Synergistic effects were also seen in the dual species biofilm metabolome compared to the monospecies, indicating that A. naeslundii and S. gordonii cooperated in the degradation of salivary MUC5B. A better understanding of bacterial interactions and salivary-mediated regulation of early dental biofilm activity is meaningful for understanding oral biofilm physiology and may contribute to the development of future prevention strategies for biofilm-induced oral disease. IMPORTANCE: The study of bacterial interactions and salivary-mediated regulation of early dental biofilm activity is of interest for understanding oral microbial adaptation to environmental cues and biofilm maturation. Findings in oral commensals can prove useful from the perspectives of both oral and systemic health of the host, as well as the und

Bacterial metabolism in oral biofilms is comprised of complex networks of nutritional chains and biochemical regulations. These processes involve both intraspecies and interspecies networks as well as interactions with components from host saliva, gingival crevicular fluid, and dietary intake. In a previous paper, a large salivary glycoprotein, mucin MUC5B, was suggested to promote a dental health-related phenotype in the oral type strain of Streptococcus gordonii DL1, by regulating bacterial adhesion and protein expression. In this study, nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics was used to examine the effects on the metabolic output of monospecies compared to dual species early biofilms of two clinical strains of oral commensal bacteria, S. gordonii and Actinomyces naeslundii, in the presence of MUC5B. The presence of S. gordonii increased colonization of A. naeslundii on salivary MUC5B, and both commensals were able to utilize MUC5B as a sole nutrient source during early biofilm formation. The metabolomes suggested that the bacteria were able to release mucin carbohydrates from oligosaccharide side chains as well as amino acids from the protein core. Synergistic effects were also seen in the dual species biofilm metabolome compared to the monospecies, indicating that A. naeslundii and S. gordonii cooperated in the degradation of salivary MUC5B. A better understanding of bacterial interactions and salivary-mediated regulation of early dental biofilm activity is meaningful for understanding oral biofilm physiology and may contribute to the development of future prevention strategies for biofilm-induced oral disease. IMPORTANCE: The study of bacterial interactions and salivary-mediated regulation of early dental biofilm activity is of interest for understanding oral microbial adaptation to environmental cues and biofilm maturation. Findings in oral commensals can prove useful from the perspectives of both oral and systemic health of the host, as well as the und

Among the most common problems in Dentistry is the accumulation of dental biofilm in the oral cavity and this is generally the precursor of various pathologies such as: cavities, gingivitis, halitosis etc. Which is why it has been dedicated to investigate the amount of biofilm accumulated by children from 5 to 10 years old.

Syfte: Syftet med studien är att utföra en metodutveckling där individuella skenor framställs för att möjliggöra en standardiserad mätning av plackansamling på titanfixturers ytor samtidigt som det ska ge möjlighet för att bibehålla god munhygien. Material och metod: Sjuttio titanfixturer ytbehandlades på tre sätt: sandblästring, etsning och implantoplastik. Studien involverade elva deltagare och det framställdes elva gipsmodeller utifrån avtryck. Tolv individuella skenor utformades med modelleringsvax med hänsyn till varje deltagares bettförhållanden. Kallpolymeriserad ortokryl användes vid framställning av skenor och cylindrar. Totalt framställdes sjuttio cylindrar, där två öppningar skapades. För vardera individuella skena innefattades sex fixturer, en från varje behandlingsmetod. Fixturerna placerades enligt en randomisera mall som innefattade sex olika variationer. Den tolfte skenan utgick inte ifrån mallen utan där placerades fyra fixturer, två av implantoplastik, en etsad och en blästrad. Skenorna lämnades ut till de frivilliga deltagarna och användes under tre dygn. Resultat: Metodutvecklingen för att mäta plackansamling på olika ytbehandlade fixturer med hjälp av individuella skenor i förhållande till god munhygien, gick att genomföra. Resultaten visade att den råa ytan efter sandblästring hade högst plackansamling (0,604 mm), medan implantoplastik hade lägst plackansamling (0,342 mm). Slutsats: Inom ramen för föreliggande studie kan följande slutsats dras: Genom framställning av individuella skenor är det möjligt att mäta plackansamlingen på etsade, blästrade och implantoplastik-ytbehandlade titanfixturer. Resultaten uppvisar även en tydlig indikation på att passform och komfort är en viktig faktor för deltagarnas medverkan., Purpose: The purpose of this study is to perform a method development where individual splints are produce to enable a standardized measurements of plaque accumulation on the surfaces of titanium fixtures, while allowing to maintain good oral hygiene. Material and method: Seventy titanium fixtures were surface-treated in three ways; sandblasting, etching, and implantoplasty. The study involved eleven participants, and eleven gypsum models were created. Twelve individual splints were designed using modeling wax, taking into consideration each participant's occlusal conditions. Cold-polymerized orthocryl was used to fabricate the splints and cylinder. A total of seventy cylinders were prepared, each with two openings. Each individual splint included six fixtures, one from each treatment method. The fixture placement followed a randomized pattern, comprising six different variations. The twelfth splint deviated from the randomized pattern and contained four fixtures: two from implantoplasty, one etched, and one sandblasted. Results: The method development for measuring plaque accumulation on different surface-treated fixtures using individual splints in relation to good oral hygiene, was successfully conducted. The results demonstrated that the rough surface following sandblasting exhibited the highest plaque accumulation (0,604 mm), whereas implantoplasty showed the lowest plaque accumulation (0,342 mm). Conclusion: Within the scope of this study, the following conclusion can be drawn: By individual splints, it is possible to measure plaque accumulation on etched, sandblasted, and implantoplasty-treated titanium fixtures. The results show a clear indication that fit, and comfort are important factors for participant’s compliance.

Syfte: Syftet med studien är att utföra en metodutveckling där individuella skenor framställs för att möjliggöra en standardiserad mätning av plackansamling på titanfixturers ytor samtidigt som det ska ge möjlighet för att bibehålla god munhygien. Material och metod: Sjuttio titanfixturer ytbehandlades på tre sätt: sandblästring, etsning och implantoplastik. Studien involverade elva deltagare och det framställdes elva gipsmodeller utifrån avtryck. Tolv individuella skenor utformades med modelleringsvax med hänsyn till varje deltagares bettförhållanden. Kallpolymeriserad ortokryl användes vid framställning av skenor och cylindrar. Totalt framställdes sjuttio cylindrar, där två öppningar skapades. För vardera individuella skena innefattades sex fixturer, en från varje behandlingsmetod. Fixturerna placerades enligt en randomisera mall som innefattade sex olika variationer. Den tolfte skenan utgick inte ifrån mallen utan där placerades fyra fixturer, två av implantoplastik, en etsad och en blästrad. Skenorna lämnades ut till de frivilliga deltagarna och användes under tre dygn. Resultat: Metodutvecklingen för att mäta plackansamling på olika ytbehandlade fixturer med hjälp av individuella skenor i förhållande till god munhygien, gick att genomföra. Resultaten visade att den råa ytan efter sandblästring hade högst plackansamling (0,604 mm), medan implantoplastik hade lägst plackansamling (0,342 mm). Slutsats: Inom ramen för föreliggande studie kan följande slutsats dras: Genom framställning av individuella skenor är det möjligt att mäta plackansamlingen på etsade, blästrade och implantoplastik-ytbehandlade titanfixturer. Resultaten uppvisar även en tydlig indikation på att passform och komfort är en viktig faktor för deltagarnas medverkan., Purpose: The purpose of this study is to perform a method development where individual splints are produce to enable a standardized measurements of plaque accumulation on the surfaces of titanium fixtures, while allowing to maintain good oral hygiene. Material and method: Seventy titanium fixtures were surface-treated in three ways; sandblasting, etching, and implantoplasty. The study involved eleven participants, and eleven gypsum models were created. Twelve individual splints were designed using modeling wax, taking into consideration each participant's occlusal conditions. Cold-polymerized orthocryl was used to fabricate the splints and cylinder. A total of seventy cylinders were prepared, each with two openings. Each individual splint included six fixtures, one from each treatment method. The fixture placement followed a randomized pattern, comprising six different variations. The twelfth splint deviated from the randomized pattern and contained four fixtures: two from implantoplasty, one etched, and one sandblasted. Results: The method development for measuring plaque accumulation on different surface-treated fixtures using individual splints in relation to good oral hygiene, was successfully conducted. The results demonstrated that the rough surface following sandblasting exhibited the highest plaque accumulation (0,604 mm), whereas implantoplasty showed the lowest plaque accumulation (0,342 mm). Conclusion: Within the scope of this study, the following conclusion can be drawn: By individual splints, it is possible to measure plaque accumulation on etched, sandblasted, and implantoplasty-treated titanium fixtures. The results show a clear indication that fit, and comfort are important factors for participant’s compliance.

Received: 23 August 2022; Accepted: 19 September 2022; Published: 22 September 2022, Multiple toothbrush designs have been developed to enhance dental biofilm removal and decrease bacterial contamination and retention over time. Therefore, the aim of this clinical study was to compare the efficacy of a prototype of a new double-sided thermoplastic polyurethane-based toothbrush with that of a conventional nylon-bristle toothbrush. A crossover study was conducted in systemically healthy volunteers (n = 24) for two one-week periods plus one washout week. As outcome variables, plaque and gingival indices, total bacterial contamination of the toothbrushes by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and patient-reported outcomes were measured. Clinical and microbiological variables were analysed using a general linear model and Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. No statistically significant differences between toothbrushes were detected neither for full-mouth PlI (p > 0.05) nor for GI (p > 0.05). Similarly, no statistically significant differences were detected for bacterial contamination after 40 seconds or 1 week of use, with results expressed either in CFU/mL or in CFU/mm2 (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the tested prototype toothbrush was as effective and safe as the control toothbrush, and the participating subjects did not experience any adverse effects from its use and rated its efficiency and effectiveness in cleaning their teeth as satisfactory., Universidad Complutense de Madrid (España), Ziz Dental Care SL (Madrid, España), Unidad Docente de Anatomía y Embriología, Depto. de Especialidades Clínicas Odontológicas, Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, Fac. de Odontología, TRUE, pub

Mouths offer the perfect environments for microbial cell formation, promoting the growth of biofilms, for example, on teeth. Dental biofilm exhibits strong resistance to antibiotics and is a cause of many dental diseases. Common strategies for dental biofilm removal involve the addition of high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which increases tooth sensitivity, or mechanical procedures. Here, we report a different approach based on self-propelled micromachines with high antibacterial activity for the degradation of dental biofilm. Such microrobots use low concentrations of fuel for their propulsion, and they achieve an efficient dental biofilm disruption in only 5 min of treatment. Moreover, these microrobots are biocompatible with epidermal and organ cells and may stimulate the immune system to fight against microbial infection. This approach of exploiting the active motion of bubble-propelled catalytic micromachines for oral biofilm disruption may open the door for more efficient and sophisticated treatments in dentistry.

The worrying rise in antibiotic resistances emphasizes the need to seek new approaches for treating and preventing periodontal diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of cranberry in a validated in vitro biofilm model. After chemical characterization of a selected phenolic-rich cranberry extract, its values for minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were calculated for the six bacteria forming the biofilm (Streptococcus oralis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Veillonella parvula, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans). Antibacterial activity of the cranberry extract in the formed biofilm was evaluated by assessing the reduction in bacteria viability, using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) combined with propidium monoazide (PMA), and by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and anti-biofilm activity by studying the inhibition of the incorporation of different bacteria species in biofilms formed in the presence of the cranberry extract, using qPCR and CLSM. In planktonic state, bacteria viability was significantly reduced by cranberry (p < 0.05). When growing in biofilms, a significant effect was observed against initial and early colonizers (S. oralis (p ≤ 0.017), A. naeslundii (p = 0.006) and V. parvula (p = 0.010)) after 30 or 60 s of exposure, while no significant effects were detected against periodontal pathogens (F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis or A. actinomycetemcomitans (p > 0.05)). Conversely, cranberry significantly (p < 0.001 in all cases) interfered with the incorporation of five of the six bacteria species during the development of 6 h-biofilms, including P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and F. nucleatum. It was concluded that cranberry had a moderate antibacterial effect against periodontal pathogens in biofilms, but relevant anti-biofilm properties, by affecting bacteria adhesion in the first 6 h, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), Comunidad de Madrid, Depto. de Especialidades Clínicas Odontológicas, Fac. de Odontología, TRUE, pub

Mouths offer the perfect environments for microbial cell formation, promoting the growth of biofilms, for example, on teeth. Dental biofilm exhibits strong resistance to antibiotics and is a cause of many dental diseases. Common strategies for dental biofilm removal involve the addition of high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which increases tooth sensitivity, or mechanical procedures. Here, we report a different approach based on self-propelled micromachines with high antibacterial activity for the degradation of dental biofilm. Such microrobots use low concentrations of fuel for their propulsion, and they achieve an efficient dental biofilm disruption in only 5 min of treatment. Moreover, these microrobots are biocompatible with epidermal and organ cells and may stimulate the immune system to fight against microbial infection. This approach of exploiting the active motion of bubble-propelled catalytic micromachines for oral biofilm disruption may open the door for more efficient and sophisticated treatments in dentistry.

Mouths offer the perfect environments for microbial cell formation, promoting the growth of biofilms, for example, on teeth. Dental biofilm exhibits strong resistance to antibiotics and is a cause of many dental diseases. Common strategies for dental biofilm removal involve the addition of high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which increases tooth sensitivity, or mechanical procedures. Here, we report a different approach based on self-propelled micromachines with high antibacterial activity for the degradation of dental biofilm. Such microrobots use low concentrations of fuel for their propulsion, and they achieve an efficient dental biofilm disruption in only 5 min of treatment. Moreover, these microrobots are biocompatible with epidermal and organ cells and may stimulate the immune system to fight against microbial infection. This approach of exploiting the active motion of bubble-propelled catalytic micromachines for oral biofilm disruption may open the door for more efficient and sophisticated treatments in dentistry.

The worrying rise in antibiotic resistances emphasizes the need to seek new approaches for treating and preventing periodontal diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of cranberry in a validated in vitro biofilm model. After chemical characterization of a selected phenolic-rich cranberry extract, its values for minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were calculated for the six bacteria forming the biofilm (Streptococcus oralis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Veillonella parvula, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans). Antibacterial activity of the cranberry extract in the formed biofilm was evaluated by assessing the reduction in bacteria viability, using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) combined with propidium monoazide (PMA), and by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and anti-biofilm activity by studying the inhibition of the incorporation of different bacteria species in biofilms formed in the presence of the cranberry extract, using qPCR and CLSM. In planktonic state, bacteria viability was significantly reduced by cranberry (p < 0.05). When growing in biofilms, a significant effect was observed against initial and early colonizers (S. oralis (p ≤ 0.017), A. naeslundii (p = 0.006) and V. parvula (p = 0.010)) after 30 or 60 s of exposure, while no significant effects were detected against periodontal pathogens (F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis or A. actinomycetemcomitans (p > 0.05)). Conversely, cranberry significantly (p < 0.001 in all cases) interfered with the incorporation of five of the six bacteria species during the development of 6 h-biofilms, including P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and F. nucleatum. It was concluded that cranberry had a moderate antibacterial effect against periodontal pathogens in biofilms, but relevant anti-biofilm properties, by affecting bacteria adhesion in the first 6 h

Mouths offer the perfect environments for microbial cell formation, promoting the growth of biofilms, for example, on teeth. Dental biofilm exhibits strong resistance to antibiotics and is a cause of many dental diseases. Common strategies for dental biofilm removal involve the addition of high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which increases tooth sensitivity, or mechanical procedures. Here, we report a different approach based on self-propelled micromachines with high antibacterial activity for the degradation of dental biofilm. Such microrobots use low concentrations of fuel for their propulsion, and they achieve an efficient dental biofilm disruption in only 5 min of treatment. Moreover, these microrobots are biocompatible with epidermal and organ cells and may stimulate the immune system to fight against microbial infection. This approach of exploiting the active motion of bubble-propelled catalytic micromachines for oral biofilm disruption may open the door for more efficient and sophisticated treatments in dentistry.

ObjectiveA clinical prospective study was designed to evaluate microbiological, cytomorphometric and clinical efficacy of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) as an adjunct to periodontal therapy in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. MethodsSixty subjects were included and randomly assigned into 2 groups: SRP (scaling root planning) group (n=30) and LLLT+SRP group (n=30). Clinical parameters were measured before intervention, after the fifth treatment, and after a month. All subjects received oral hygiene instructions and full-mouth conservative periodontal treatment (removal of dental plaque followed by SRP). Afterwards, in group II, Kavo LLLT (980nm, 0.2W, 6J/cm(2)) was applied. Subgingival samples were collected at baseline and after the fifth treatment to quantify Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythensis and Treponema denticola by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Gingival swabs were taken, and direct smears were prepared on slides for cytomorphometric analysis. ResultsEvaluation using clinical parameters showed better results in LLLT group. A statistically significant decrease in the prevalence of bacteria after treatment in LLLT group was observed for the following: T.forsythensis and T.denticola (P lt .001), P.gingivalis (P lt .01), A.actinomycetemcomitans and P.intermedia (P lt .05). The values of nuclear area, perimeter and Ferret's diameter were significantly lower in both studied groups after treatment, but statistical significance was higher in LLLT group (P lt .001) than in the SRP therapy group (P lt .05). ConclusionLow-level laser therapy as an adjunct to periodontal therapy demonstrates short-term additional bacteriological, cytological and clinical benefits.

Background: Increasing antibiotic resistance among pathogens has raised the demands for new treatment methods such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and phototherapy (PT). Experiments for investigating the effects of these methods are often performed in vitro, but the procedures for cultivation of microbes vary between different studies. The aim of this study has been to elucidate how the profile of endogenously produced porphyrins differs by changing the variables of bacteria culturing conditions. Methods: Two oral pathogens, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonasgingivalis, were selected as model organisms. The contents of porphyrins and heme in the bacteria were analysed with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry when bacteria was cultivated for different lengths of time (3-9 days), upon passaging as well as when growth medium were supplemented with or without horse blood. Results: Both porphyrin and heme content in A. actinomycetemcomitans are highly affected by the age of the culture, and that the porphyrin profiles changes during cultivation. When cultivated colonies of A. actinomycetemcomitans were passaged onto a new, fresh growth medium a large change in porphyrin content occurred. Additional porphyrins were detected; uroporphyrin and 7-carboxylporphyrin, and the total porphyrin content increased up to 28 times, When P. gingivalis was grown on blood containing medium higher concentrations of protoporphyrin IX (2.5 times) and heme (5.4 times) were quantified compared to bacteria grown without blood. Conclusions: This study demonstrate that there is a need for more standardized culturing protocols when performing aPDT and PT experiments in vitro to avoid large variations in porphyrin profiles and concentrations, the aPDT/PT target compounds, depending on the culturing conditions.

Microbial biofilms display high tolerance towards antimicrobial agents and evade the host immune system. It has been estimated that they are involved in about 65% of all human infections. Periodontitis and peri-implantitis are two examples of biofilm-induced inflammatory diseases. The lack of predictable treatments in specific clinical situations, such as severe or refractory forms, calls for new research in order to analyze in details existing anti-infective strategies and to develop new options. This was conducted along the present work with a special emphasis given to peri-implantitis since the management of this pathology does not have yet clear guidelines. Several antimicrobials were tested in vitro against pathogenic biofilms. Then, low direct electric currents (5 and 10mA) were applied to chlorhexidine and an enhanced antimicrobial efficacy was observed. Additionally, glycine air-polishing and implantoplasty were clinically demonstrated as valuable methods to treat peri-implantitis unlike plastic curettes. These findings open the way for new composite therapeutic approaches and encourage further research in that way., (DENT - Sciences dentaires) -- UCL, 2016

Management of the caries process on occlusal surfaces of permanent molars has proven a major challenge. The onset of caries on these surfaces takes place soon after their eruption, and the permanent first molars, followed by the second molars, remain the sites in the dentition which show the highest caries prevalence. This paper is structured in the form of questions and answers in which traditional concepts of caries susceptibility of occlusal surfaces are appraised and confronted with the current evidence. Then, research studies examining the role of biological determinants on the development and arrest of occlusal caries in young permanent teeth are discussed. Finally, the contribution of these studies in terms of developing the available scientific evidence and our understanding of the caries process on occlusal surfaces is analyzed. The current evidence does not support the concept that the early onset and high prevalence of occlusal caries in young permanent teeth are due to a particularly low inherent resistance of the occlusal surface or due to the presence of inaccessible fissure-like structures on these surfaces. Evidence is provided to show that the most influential biological determinants of the development and arrest of occlusal caries are thick plaque accumulation on the groove-fossa system and the stage of tooth eruption limiting mechanical oral function. Consequently, active occlusal lesions are significantly more prevalent in erupting than in fully erupted teeth. The major contribution of this review is to provide updated knowledge about the biological principles determining the development and arrest of caries on occlusal surfaces of erupting teeth. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Management of the caries process on occlusal surfaces of permanent molars has proven a major challenge. The onset of caries on these surfaces takes place soon after their eruption, and the permanent first molars, followed by the second molars, remain the sites in the dentition which show the highest caries prevalence. This paper is structured in the form of questions and answers in which traditional concepts of caries susceptibility of occlusal surfaces are appraised and confronted with the current evidence. Then, research studies examining the role of biological determinants on the development and arrest of occlusal caries in young permanent teeth are discussed. Finally, the contribution of these studies in terms of developing the available scientific evidence and our understanding of the caries process on occlusal surfaces is analyzed. The current evidence does not support the concept that the early onset and high prevalence of occlusal caries in young permanent teeth are due to a particularly low inherent resistance of the occlusal surface or due to the presence of inaccessible fissure-like structures on these surfaces. Evidence is provided to show that the most influential biological determinants of the development and arrest of occlusal caries are thick plaque accumulation on the groove-fossa system and the stage of tooth eruption limiting mechanical oral function. Consequently, active occlusal lesions are significantly more prevalent in erupting than in fully erupted teeth. The major contribution of this review is to provide updated knowledge about the biological principles determining the development and arrest of caries on occlusal surfaces of erupting teeth. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Dental restorative materials interact with their surrounding oral environment. Interaction factors can be release of toxic components and/or effects on biofilm formation and gingiva. In the end of the nineties, a calcium aluminate cement (CAC) was manufactured as a “bioceramic” alternative to resin composite. Dental ceramics are considered to be chemically stable and not to favour dental biofilm formation. Since the influence of aged, resin-bonded ceramic coverages is not fully investigated and the effect of CAC restorations on the dental biofilm formation and gingival response is unknown, those issues were evaluated in this thesis. With or without oral hygiene, in clinical trials including cervical surfaces of CAC, and approximal surfaces of a leucite-reinforced bonded ceramic; biofilm growth, presence of caries-associated bacteria, clinical expressions of gingivitis, the amounts of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and its levels of IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-1 ra were investigated in comparison with resin composite and enamel. In addition, the unknown cytotoxic effect of specimens of CAC on fibroblasts was assessed in vitro. With current oral hygiene a similar biofilm formation and gingival response, as evaluated, were observed at sites of CAC, resin composite and enamel. After ceased oral hygiene, more biofilm was assembled on CAC and on resin composite than on enamel. Neither with, nor without oral hygiene, biofilm formation, presence of caries-associated bacteria, clinical gingivitis and the levels of IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-1 ra differed between sites of ceramic, resin composite and enamel. Higher volumes of GCF were collected at ceramic sites compared to enamel. Fresh specimens of CAC showed the lowest cytotoxic effects on fibroblasts compared with three resin composites, zinc phosphate and glass ionomer cements. In conclusion, the low cytotoxic effect of CAC and the limited increase in dental biofilm formation on that material compared with enamel suggest CAC to be a bi

Dental restorative materials interact with their surrounding oral environment. Interaction factors can be release of toxic components and/or effects on biofilm formation and gingiva. In the end of the nineties, a calcium aluminate cement (CAC) was manufactured as a “bioceramic” alternative to resin composite. Dental ceramics are considered to be chemically stable and not to favour dental biofilm formation. Since the influence of aged, resin-bonded ceramic coverages is not fully investigated and the effect of CAC restorations on the dental biofilm formation and gingival response is unknown, those issues were evaluated in this thesis. With or without oral hygiene, in clinical trials including cervical surfaces of CAC, and approximal surfaces of a leucite-reinforced bonded ceramic; biofilm growth, presence of caries-associated bacteria, clinical expressions of gingivitis, the amounts of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and its levels of IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-1 ra were investigated in comparison with resin composite and enamel. In addition, the unknown cytotoxic effect of specimens of CAC on fibroblasts was assessed in vitro. With current oral hygiene a similar biofilm formation and gingival response, as evaluated, were observed at sites of CAC, resin composite and enamel. After ceased oral hygiene, more biofilm was assembled on CAC and on resin composite than on enamel. Neither with, nor without oral hygiene, biofilm formation, presence of caries-associated bacteria, clinical gingivitis and the levels of IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-1 ra differed between sites of ceramic, resin composite and enamel. Higher volumes of GCF were collected at ceramic sites compared to enamel. Fresh specimens of CAC showed the lowest cytotoxic effects on fibroblasts compared with three resin composites, zinc phosphate and glass ionomer cements. In conclusion, the low cytotoxic effect of CAC and the limited increase in dental biofilm formation on that material compared with enamel suggest CAC to be a bi

Dental restorative materials interact with their surrounding oral environment. Interaction factors can be release of toxic components and/or effects on biofilm formation and gingiva. In the end of the nineties, a calcium aluminate cement (CAC) was manufactured as a “bioceramic” alternative to resin composite. Dental ceramics are considered to be chemically stable and not to favour dental biofilm formation. Since the influence of aged, resin-bonded ceramic coverages is not fully investigated and the effect of CAC restorations on the dental biofilm formation and gingival response is unknown, those issues were evaluated in this thesis. With or without oral hygiene, in clinical trials including cervical surfaces of CAC, and approximal surfaces of a leucite-reinforced bonded ceramic; biofilm growth, presence of caries-associated bacteria, clinical expressions of gingivitis, the amounts of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and its levels of IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-1 ra were investigated in comparison with resin composite and enamel. In addition, the unknown cytotoxic effect of specimens of CAC on fibroblasts was assessed in vitro. With current oral hygiene a similar biofilm formation and gingival response, as evaluated, were observed at sites of CAC, resin composite and enamel. After ceased oral hygiene, more biofilm was assembled on CAC and on resin composite than on enamel. Neither with, nor without oral hygiene, biofilm formation, presence of caries-associated bacteria, clinical gingivitis and the levels of IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-1 ra differed between sites of ceramic, resin composite and enamel. Higher volumes of GCF were collected at ceramic sites compared to enamel. Fresh specimens of CAC showed the lowest cytotoxic effects on fibroblasts compared with three resin composites, zinc phosphate and glass ionomer cements. In conclusion, the low cytotoxic effect of CAC and the limited increase in dental biofilm formation on that material compared with enamel suggest CAC to be a bi