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Optical sol-gel environmental pH sensors have been applied for air evaluation in exhibition halls of the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (Madrid, Spain). Sensor synthesis and calibration was undertaken following a previous patent by some of the present authors. Monitoring was carried out for one full year to check the influence of meteorological seasons as well as quality of surrounding outdoor air to a big avenue located in downtown Madrid and close to the museum. Particular sites selected for sensor positions were inside showcases, under the free environment of exhibition halls, and outdoor façades of the building, for comparison purposes. pH recordings showed that exhibition halls near the outdoor air entrance had slightly low pH values, which can be attributed to outdoor pollution. However, halls located far from air entrance had neutral conditions. Concerning showcases tested, some of them showed slightly acidic pH while others were moderately acidic due to natural goods exhibited and/or to materials with which showcases were made. pH values recorded allowed the museum to make some decisions on its preventive conservation strategy.