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Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the effects of 16-week treatment with two insulin-lowering therapies on the clinical, endocrine-metabolic and ovulatory parameters in women affected by polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Material and methods: A total of 70 patients attending the Gynecology OPD of Holy Family Hospital, Okhla, New Delhi, with clinical features of PCOS in the age group of 17-35 years, between June 2015 and May 2016, were selected. Patients were randomly distributed into two groups with 35 patients each. Group 1 received myoinositol (MYO) 2 g/day, while Group 2 received metformin 500 mg/day twice-daily. Baseline anthropometry, biochemical investigations and pelvic ultrasonography were done and repeated after 16 weeks. Results: Modified Ferriman-Gallwey (mFG) score was reduced from 4.66 ± 4.06 SD to 3.56 ± 3.29 SD in Group 1 and 4.94 ± 4.05 SD to 3.87 ± 3.24 SD in Group 2; the fall in Group 1 was more significant than Group 2. Fasting insulin decreased from 13.90 ± 6.88 SD to 11.66 ± 6.05 SD in Group 1 and from 12.85 ± 4.46 SD to 11.78 ± 4.39 SD in Group 2; reduction was highly significant in Group 1 than Group 2. Results for luteinizing hormone (LH) were not significant. Free testosterone decreased from mean of 1.47 ± 0.37 SD to 1.37 ± 0.37 SD in Group 1 and from 1.43 ± 0.37 SD to 1.36 ± 0.36 SD in Group 2; the fall in Group 1 was more significant than Group 2. Conclusion: Metformin is effective in reducing the metabolic and hormonal parameters and improves fertility. MYO not only improves all the above parameters but also decreases insulin resistance significantly. Thus, MYO supplementation is essential in the management of PCOS to improve insulin sensitivity.

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the effects of 16-week treatment with two insulin-lowering therapies on the clinical, endocrine-metabolic and ovulatory parameters in women affected by polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Material and methods: A total of 70 patients attending the Gynecology OPD of Holy Family Hospital, Okhla, New Delhi, with clinical features of PCOS in the age group of 17-35 years, between June 2015 and May 2016, were selected. Patients were randomly distributed into two groups with 35 patients each. Group 1 received myoinositol (MYO) 2 g/day, while Group 2 received metformin 500 mg/day twice-daily. Baseline anthropometry, biochemical investigations and pelvic ultrasonography were done and repeated after 16 weeks. Results: Modified Ferriman-Gallwey (mFG) score was reduced from 4.66 ± 4.06 SD to 3.56 ± 3.29 SD in Group 1 and 4.94 ± 4.05 SD to 3.87 ± 3.24 SD in Group 2; the fall in Group 1 was more significant than Group 2. Fasting insulin decreased from 13.90 ± 6.88 SD to 11.66 ± 6.05 SD in Group 1 and from 12.85 ± 4.46 SD to 11.78 ± 4.39 SD in Group 2; reduction was highly significant in Group 1 than Group 2. Results for luteinizing hormone (LH) were not significant. Free testosterone decreased from mean of 1.47 ± 0.37 SD to 1.37 ± 0.37 SD in Group 1 and from 1.43 ± 0.37 SD to 1.36 ± 0.36 SD in Group 2; the fall in Group 1 was more significant than Group 2. Conclusion: Metformin is effective in reducing the metabolic and hormonal parameters and improves fertility. MYO not only improves all the above parameters but also decreases insulin resistance significantly. Thus, MYO supplementation is essential in the management of PCOS to improve insulin sensitivity.

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the effects of 16-week treatment with two insulin-lowering therapies on the clinical, endocrine-metabolic and ovulatory parameters in women affected by polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Material and methods: A total of 70 patients attending the Gynecology OPD of Holy Family Hospital, Okhla, New Delhi, with clinical features of PCOS in the age group of 17-35 years, between June 2015 and May 2016, were selected. Patients were randomly distributed into two groups with 35 patients each. Group 1 received myoinositol (MYO) 2 g/day, while Group 2 received metformin 500 mg/day twice-daily. Baseline anthropometry, biochemical investigations and pelvic ultrasonography were done and repeated after 16 weeks. Results: Modified Ferriman-Gallwey (mFG) score was reduced from 4.66 ± 4.06 SD to 3.56 ± 3.29 SD in Group 1 and 4.94 ± 4.05 SD to 3.87 ± 3.24 SD in Group 2; the fall in Group 1 was more significant than Group 2. Fasting insulin decreased from 13.90 ± 6.88 SD to 11.66 ± 6.05 SD in Group 1 and from 12.85 ± 4.46 SD to 11.78 ± 4.39 SD in Group 2; reduction was highly significant in Group 1 than Group 2. Results for luteinizing hormone (LH) were not significant. Free testosterone decreased from mean of 1.47 ± 0.37 SD to 1.37 ± 0.37 SD in Group 1 and from 1.43 ± 0.37 SD to 1.36 ± 0.36 SD in Group 2; the fall in Group 1 was more significant than Group 2. Conclusion: Metformin is effective in reducing the metabolic and hormonal parameters and improves fertility. MYO not only improves all the above parameters but also decreases insulin resistance significantly. Thus, MYO supplementation is essential in the management of PCOS to improve insulin sensitivity.

Background: Identification of insulin resistance is very important in management of type 2 diabetes. The euglycemic insulin clamp method, intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT) and minimal model approximation of glucose (MMAMG) are standard methods of measurement of insulin resistance in research. However, they are impractical in clinical practice and are difficult to perform in population-based research studies. So, a simple scoring system was designed to estimate the insulin resistance. Methods: 200 type 2 diabetes individuals who attended Karnataka Institute of endocrinology and research outpatient department. Fasting plasma glucose, post prandial plasma glucose, fasting insulin, lipid profile, BMI, waist circumference and BP of these subjects were checked. Results: Out of 200 type 2 diabetes subjects 69.5% were males and age group ranging from 26 to 85 years. Duration of diabetes range from 0 to 20 years and 53% of patients had hypertension and 46.5% have hypertriglyceridemia. Insulin resistance calculated by KIER scoring system, HOMA-1, QUICKI, HOMA2 and Fasting Insulin was present in 82%, 63%, 63.5%, 33.5% and 37.5% 0f individuals respectively. KIER scoring system had a statistically significant correlation with HOMA and QUICKY indices. (P value < 0.001) Conclusions: (1) KIER scoring system detects insulin resistance in 82% of type 2 diabetes individuals. (2) HOMA 1 and QUICKI are identical and similarly HOMA 2 and fasting insulin levels are almost identical in estimation of insulin resistance. (3) The KIER scoring system designed is very simple and economical. It takes into consideration the different factors which contribute to insulin resistance.

Background: Identification of insulin resistance is very important in management of type 2 diabetes. The euglycemic insulin clamp method, intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT) and minimal model approximation of glucose (MMAMG) are standard methods of measurement of insulin resistance in research. However, they are impractical in clinical practice and are difficult to perform in population-based research studies. So, a simple scoring system was designed to estimate the insulin resistance. Methods: 200 type 2 diabetes individuals who attended Karnataka Institute of endocrinology and research outpatient department. Fasting plasma glucose, post prandial plasma glucose, fasting insulin, lipid profile, BMI, waist circumference and BP of these subjects were checked. Results: Out of 200 type 2 diabetes subjects 69.5% were males and age group ranging from 26 to 85 years. Duration of diabetes range from 0 to 20 years and 53% of patients had hypertension and 46.5% have hypertriglyceridemia. Insulin resistance calculated by KIER scoring system, HOMA-1, QUICKI, HOMA2 and Fasting Insulin was present in 82%, 63%, 63.5%, 33.5% and 37.5% 0f individuals respectively. KIER scoring system had a statistically significant correlation with HOMA and QUICKY indices. (P value < 0.001) Conclusions: (1) KIER scoring system detects insulin resistance in 82% of type 2 diabetes individuals. (2) HOMA 1 and QUICKI are identical and similarly HOMA 2 and fasting insulin levels are almost identical in estimation of insulin resistance. (3) The KIER scoring system designed is very simple and economical. It takes into consideration the different factors which contribute to insulin resistance.

Aims: Type 2 diabetes, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance are associated with cognitive impairment. Experimental studies indicate that insulin signaling in the brain is related to cognitive performance. Here we evaluated whether insulin-related variables contribute to the variance in cognitive performance among individuals with type 2 diabetes. Methods: A total of 806 individuals with type 2 diabetes (mean age 62 +/- 8 years, HbAlc 6.9 +/- 1.1%) completed a neuropsychological test battery. Insulin-related variables evaluated were: fasting plasma insulin, C-peptide, and the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA2-IR; in individuals without insulin treatment; n = 641). The unadjusted coefficient of determination (R-2), obtained from multiple linear regression analyses, was used to estimate the proportion of variance in cognition explained by insulin-related variables. Results: Sex, age, and educational level together explained 18.0% (R-2) of the variance in memory function, 26.5% in information processing speed, and 22.8% in executive function and attention. Fasting insulin, C-peptide, or HOMA2-IR did not increase the explained variance (maximum Delta R-2 0.3%, P >= 0.14). Similar results were obtained when insulin-related variables were added to models that additionally included glycemic control, cardiovascular risk factors, and depression. Conclusions: Our results show that measures of peripheral insulin resistance are unrelated to cognitive performance among individuals with adequately controlled type 2 diabetes.

Aims: Type 2 diabetes, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance are associated with cognitive impairment. Experimental studies indicate that insulin signaling in the brain is related to cognitive performance. Here we evaluated whether insulin-related variables contribute to the variance in cognitive performance among individuals with type 2 diabetes. Methods: A total of 806 individuals with type 2 diabetes (mean age 62 +/- 8 years, HbAlc 6.9 +/- 1.1%) completed a neuropsychological test battery. Insulin-related variables evaluated were: fasting plasma insulin, C-peptide, and the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA2-IR; in individuals without insulin treatment; n = 641). The unadjusted coefficient of determination (R-2), obtained from multiple linear regression analyses, was used to estimate the proportion of variance in cognition explained by insulin-related variables. Results: Sex, age, and educational level together explained 18.0% (R-2) of the variance in memory function, 26.5% in information processing speed, and 22.8% in executive function and attention. Fasting insulin, C-peptide, or HOMA2-IR did not increase the explained variance (maximum Delta R-2 0.3%, P >= 0.14). Similar results were obtained when insulin-related variables were added to models that additionally included glycemic control, cardiovascular risk factors, and depression. Conclusions: Our results show that measures of peripheral insulin resistance are unrelated to cognitive performance among individuals with adequately controlled type 2 diabetes.

A link between sleep loss and increased risk for the development of diabetes is now well recognized. The current study investigates whether sleep extension under real-life conditions is a feasible intervention with a beneficial impact on glucose metabolism in healthy adults who are chronically sleep restricted., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

A link between sleep loss and increased risk for the development of diabetes is now well recognized. The current study investigates whether sleep extension under real-life conditions is a feasible intervention with a beneficial impact on glucose metabolism in healthy adults who are chronically sleep restricted., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published