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The proper dorsal flexion movement of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) is crucial for an accurate gait. Restricted movement can disrupt the windlass mechanism, and Jack’s test is a tool to assess such alterations. Although running socks are commonly used, their influence on the windlass mechanismremainsunclear. Therefore, theaimofthisstudywastomeasuretheresistanceto passive dorsal flexion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) under three different conditions: barefoot, wearing regular socks, and wearing biomechanical socks, using a digital force gauge. Methods: The research involved a sample size of 30 subjects (14 men and 16 women), and Jack’s test was conducted using a digital force gauge and a lever system. Three conditions were measured, barefoot, with a regular sock, and with the biomechanical socks. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed when using biomechanical socks with orthopedic corrections during Jack’s test, as measured with the digital force gauge (13.33 N ± 3.54, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The utilization of biomechanical socks with a kinetic wedge, reinforced mesh in the medial longitudinal arch, and padding in the heel area results in a reduction of the force required, measured in newtons, to perform dorsal flexion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) during Jack’s test compared to being barefoot or wearing regular socks.

Hallux rigidus can be treated with a proximal hemiarthroplasty (HemiCAP®) to preserve the motion in the first metatarsophalangeal joint and reduce pain. This study examines the functionality, and survival rates of HemiCAP® implants, with or without a dorsal flange. One hundred and five patients were treated with a HemiCAP® (N = 116 HemiCAPs®) between 2006 and 2014. Revision rates, arthrosis score, hallux valgus (HV), intermetatarsal (IM), distal metaphyseal articular angle (DMAA), visual analog scale (VAS) (1-10 points), American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Score (AOFAS) MTP-IP (AOFAS 0-100 points), SF-12, range of motion (ROM), and radiographs were analyzed pre- and postoperatively. Statistics: Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, Cox-regression, and paired t tests. At 2, 4, and 6 years, the implant survival was 87%, 83%, and 81%, respectively. All revised due to pain. Dorsal flange, gender, arthrosis, HV, IM, and DMAA did not influence the results. At the mean 5-year follow-up (n = 47) median (range) dorsal ROM was 45° (10°-75°), AOFAS was mean 87.2 ± 10.8, VAS was 2 ± 1.6, and SEFAS was 42 ± 6 points. The dorsal flange made no significant difference for ROM or patient-reported outcome measures compared to the HemiCAP® with no dorsal flange. Twenty-three patients with preoperative data were re-examined, and preoperative dorsal ROM mean difference (confidence interval [CI]) increased 20.7° (13.9°-27.4°), VAS decreased with a mean difference (CI) of −4.7 (−5.8 to 3.5), and AOFAS increased with a mean difference (CI) 26.2 (20.2-32.2) (for all p < .001). The 6-year survival rate of the HemiCAP® implant was 81%. The design change to dorsal flange was not evident clinically. Unrevised patients had significantly less pain, greater ROM, and better foot and ankle function than preoperatively.

Background: The mobility of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (I MPTJ) has been related to the proper windlass mechanism and the triceps surae during the heel-off phase of running gait; the orthopedic treatment of the I MPTJ restriction has been made with typical Morton extension orthoses (TMEO). Nowadays it is unclear what effects TMEO or the novel inverted rocker orthoses (NIRO) have on the EMG activity of triceps surae during running. Objective: To compare the TMEO effects versus NIRO on EMG triceps surae on medialis and lateralis gastrocnemius activity during running. Study design: A cross-sectional pilot study. Methods: 21 healthy, recreational runners were enrolled in the present research (mean age 31.41 ± 4.33) to run on a treadmill at 9 km/h using aleatory NIRO of 6 mm, NIRO of 8 mm, TMEO of 6 mm, TMEO of 8 mm, and sports shoes only (SO), while the muscular EMG of medial and lateral gastrocnemius activity during 30 s was recorded. Statistical intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to test reliability was calculated and the Wilcoxon test of all five different situations were tested. Results: The reliability of values was almost perfect. Data showed that the gastrocnemius lateralis increased its EMG activity between SO vs. NIRO-8 mm (22.27 ± 2.51 vs. 25.96 ± 4.68 mV, p < 0.05) and SO vs. TMEO-6mm (22.27 ± 2.51 vs. 24.72 ± 5.08 mV, p < 0.05). Regarding gastrocnemius medialis, values showed an EMG notable increase in activity between SO vs. NIRO-6mm (22.93 ± 2.1 vs. 26.44 ± 3.63, p < 0.001), vs. NIRO-8mm (28.89 ± 3.6, p < 0.001), and vs. TMEO-6mm (25.12 ± 3.51, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Both TMEO and NIRO have shown an increased EMG of the lateralis and medialis gastrocnemius muscles activity during a full running cycle gait. Clinicians should take into account the present evidence when they want to treat I MTPJ restriction with orthoses, and consider the inherent triceps surae muscular cost relative to running economy., Depto. de Enfermería, Fac. de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, TRUE, pub

Hallux valgus (HV), the bunion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ), bothers many adults. No consensus has been reached about the causes of HV, be it a hereditary, or acquired, or multifactorial disease. Nor has agreement been reached using MTPJ angle to assess HV based on X-ray because in most cases the assessment of MTPJ is not reliable as it depends on the posture during scanning. In this study, we assume that HV is predominately acquired and that shoe wearing per se is an important player in HV pathogenesis. To verify our hypothesis, a CT-based finite element (FE) model of the first MTPJ of fossil remains of bear-footed Homo naledi was created and compared to that of five contemporary shoe-wearing wrestlers (10 models from two scans at an interval of about 18 months) because Homo naledi's first MTPJ is an ideal model for non-shoe wearing with parallel sesamoid grooves. We developed the first MTPJ structure transformation method and created MTPJ joint capsule model for both Homo naledi and wrestlers. Constraint on the medial side of the first MTPJ capsule was set to simulate shoe-wearing conditions compared to the lack of medial constraint for barefooted conditions. Analysis of eight FE models of different angles for the first MTPJ of Homo naledi was performed by the first MTPJ transformation method and results showed that stress concentrated on the medial capsule of the first MTPJ in simulated shoe-wearing conditions, even at MTPJ angle of 0°. Increase in the first MTPJ angle further increased stress concentration on the medial side, and stress-growth relationship might reveal the causes of HV. We further developed a method to position the first MTPJ in wrestlers and created CT-based models at two time points. It was evident that the first MTPJ angle increased in all but one athlete, with a maximal increase of 4.03 degrees. This verifies our hypothesis that HV might be developed by wearing shoes. Further longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes are

Background: The mobility of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (I MPTJ) has been related to the proper windlass mechanism and the triceps surae during the heel-off phase of running gait; the orthopedic treatment of the I MPTJ restriction has been made with typical Morton extension orthoses (TMEO). Nowadays it is unclear what effects TMEO or the novel inverted rocker orthoses (NIRO) have on the EMG activity of triceps surae during running. Objective: To compare the TMEO effects versus NIRO on EMG triceps surae on medialis and lateralis gastrocnemius activity during running. Study design: A cross-sectional pilot study. Methods: 21 healthy, recreational runners were enrolled in the present research (mean age 31.41 ± 4.33) to run on a treadmill at 9 km/h using aleatory NIRO of 6 mm, NIRO of 8 mm, TMEO of 6 mm, TMEO of 8 mm, and sports shoes only (SO), while the muscular EMG of medial and lateral gastrocnemius activity during 30 s was recorded. Statistical intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to test reliability was calculated and the Wilcoxon test of all five different situations were tested. Results: The reliability of values was almost perfect. Data showed that the gastrocnemius lateralis increased its EMG activity between SO vs. NIRO-8 mm (22.27 ± 2.51 vs. 25.96 ± 4.68 mV, p < 0.05) and SO vs. TMEO-6mm (22.27 ± 2.51 vs. 24.72 ± 5.08 mV, p < 0.05). Regarding gastrocnemius medialis, values showed an EMG notable increase in activity between SO vs. NIRO-6mm (22.93 ± 2.1 vs. 26.44 ± 3.63, p < 0.001), vs. NIRO-8mm (28.89 ± 3.6, p < 0.001), and vs. TMEO-6mm (25.12 ± 3.51, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Both TMEO and NIRO have shown an increased EMG of the lateralis and medialis gastrocnemius muscles activity during a full running cycle gait. Clinicians should take into account the present evidence when they want to treat I MTPJ restriction with orthoses, and consider the inherent triceps surae muscular cost relative to running economy.

The aim of the present study was to develop a new method to reconstruct damaged metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) of Homo naledi's fossil and to deepen the understanding of the first metatarsal head (FMH) morphological adaptation in different gait patterns. To this purpose three methods were introduced. The first served to compare the anthropometric linear and volumetric measurements of Homo naledi's MTPJ to that of 10 various athletes. The second was employed to measure curvature diameter in FMH's medial and lateral grooves for sesamoid bones. The third was used to determine the parallelism between medial and lateral FMH grooves. The anthropometric measurements of middle-distance runner to the greatest extent mimicked that of Homo naledi. Thus, it was used to successfully reconstruct the damaged Homo naledi's MTPJ. The highest curvature diameter of medial FMH groove was found in Homo naledi, while in lateral FMH groove it was the highest in volleyball player, suggesting their increased bear loading. The parallelism of medial and lateral FMH grooves was observed only in Homo naledi, while in investigated athletes it was dis-parallel. Athletes' dis-paralleled structures make first MTPJ simple flexion movement a complicated one: not rotating about one axis, but aboutmany, whichmay result in bringing a negative effect on running. In conclusion, the presented method for the reconstruction of the damaged foot bone paves the way for morphological and structural analysis of modern population and fossil hominins' gait pattern. © 2019 Fan, Antonijević, Antic, Li, Liu, Li, Djuric and Fan.

[Resumen] Objetivo El objetivo de este proyecto de investigación es determinar el estado funcional de la primera articulación metatarsofalángica (1ªAMTF), además de las patologías más habituales que se dan en dicha articulación en los atletas de carrera de valla. Se analizarán factores morfológicos, sociales, antropométricos y las características del ejercicio físico realizado . Metodología - Tipo de estudio: Observacional, transversal de prevalencia. - Ámbito: Instalaciones deportivas de atletismo de A Malata y Balaídos. - Tamaño muestral: n=88 sujetos (seguridad del 95%, precisión de 3%). - Mediciones: Edad, sexo, altura, peso, Índice de Masa Corporal, talla, Foot Posture Index, estudio de la pisada, patologías podológicas y nivel de actividad física., [Resumo] Obxectivo O obxectivo do presente proxecto de investigación é determinar o estado funcional da primeira articulación metatarsofalánxica (1ªAMTF), ademáis das patoloxías máis habituais que se dan na articulación dita nos atletas de carreira de valados. Analizaranse factores morfolóxicos, sociais e antropométricos, e as características do exercicio físico realizado. Metodoloxía - Tipo de estudo: Observacional, transversal de prevalencia. - Ámbito: Instalación deportivas de atletismo da Malata e Balaídos. - Tamaño muestral: n=88 suxetos (seguridade do 95%, precisión 3%). - Medicións: Idade, sexo, altura, peso, Índice de Masa Corporal, talla, Foot Posture Index, estudo da pisada, patoloxías podolóxicas e nivel de actividade física., [Abstract] Objective The objective of this research project is to determine the functional status of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (1 st MTFA), in addition to the most common pathologies that occur in this articulation in hurdle race athletes. Morphological, social and anthropometric factors will be analyzed, as well as the characteristics of the physical exercise performed. Methodology - Type of study: Observational, cross-sectional prevalence. - Area: Athletics sports facilities of A Malata and Balaídos. - Sample size: n= 88 subjects (95% confidence, 3% accuracy). - Measurements: Age, sex, height, weight, Body Mass Index, Foot Posture Index, treat study, pathologies and level of physical activity.

A lo largo de los años, numerosos autores han descrito diferentes maniobras exploratorias de la primera articulación metatarsofalángica para analizar su movimiento y comprender, de este modo, su funcionamiento en dinámica. Hoy día parece no existir consenso acerca de cuál es la maniobra más acertada para valorar el movimiento de la primera articulación metatarsofalángica en el plano sagital. Dato que se ve reflejado en la diversidad de resultados diferentes obtenidos por los distintos autores que han estudiado dicha articulación. Desde nuestro punto de vista, pensamos que este hecho puede venir determinado por la inexistencia de un protocolo de exploración específico dónde se detallen cuáles son los puntos de referencia que debemos tener en cuenta a la hora de realizar la exploración. Por ello nos planteamos realizar este trabajo, con el que a través de una revisión bibliográfica, pretendemos reflejar todas las maniobras exploratorias de la primera articulación metatarsofalángica que se han descrito hasta el momento, para conocer cuál es la más fiable válida, favoreciendo el espíritu crítico entre los profesionales, intentando que, de este modo, podamos unificar criterios y establecer así un protocolo de exploración adecuado., Over the years, numerous authors have described different maneuvers exploratory first metatarsophalangeal joint to analyze and understand his movement, thus its dynamic operation. Today seems to be no consensus on what is the most successful maneuver to evaluate the movement of the first metatarsophalangeal joint in the sagittal plane. Data that is reflected in the diversity of different results obtained by different authors who have studied the joint. From our standpoint, we think this may be determined by the absence of a specific examination protocol that details what are the benchmarks that we must consider when scanning. So we decided to do this work, with which through a literature review, we intend to reflect all exploratory maneuvers the i rst metatar sophalangeal joint as described so far, to know what is the most reliable and valid, encouraging the spirit critical among professionals, trying thus, we can unify criteria and to establish a proper examination protocol.

Background. It has been suggested that the function of the first metatarsophalangeal joint may be related to the motion of the ankle joint complex. Objective. This study explored the relationship between ankle joint complex and first metatarsophalangeal joint motion during gait in a group of 14 who demonstrated clinically limited passive hallux dorsiflexion in quiet standing (cases), and 15 matched controls. Method. An electromagnetic tracking system was used to measure the ankle joint complex frontal plane motion and first metatarsophalangeal joint sagittal plane motion during gait, in both cases and controls. The case group was then evaluated further to investigate the effect of an orthosis on first metatarsophalangeal joint motion. Findings. The correlation between maximum ankle joint complex eversion and maximum first metatarsophalangeal joint dorsiflexion during gait was r = 0.471. Within the case group, maximum rearfoot eversion was reduced following the application of the orthoses, but there was no change in sagittal first metatarsophalangeal joint rotations. Interpretation. The relationship between maximum ankle joint complex eversion and first metatarsophalangeal joint dorsiflexion kinematics found in this study was moderate, and decreasing maximum ankle joint complex eversion with an orthosis did not result in any increase in first metatarsophalangeal joint dorsiflexion during gait in patients with functional first metatarsophalangeal joint limitation. These results do not support the assumption that ankle joint complex eversion influences first metatarsophalangeal joint motion substantially.

[Truncated abstract] Limitation of sagittal plane dorsiflexion, or hallux limitus (HL), represents the second most commonly encountered pathomechanical disorder affecting the first metatarsophalangeal joint, after hallux valgus (HV). The kinematic role of the first metatarsophalangeal joint represents an integral component of the gait cycle. It has often been reported that for adequate leverage and propulsion to occur during normal gait, the hallux must be able to dorsiflex approximately 65° on the head of the first metatarsal. Secondary gait compensation mechanisms have often been observed clinically as a result of HL. The effect of HL on gait can be reflected in transverse plane alteration of the foot in relation to the line of progression during gait, defined as the angle of gait (AOG). The first purpose of this study served to investigate potential differences in dynamic angle of gait AOG in subjects with HL compared to a control group. A validated technique using coloured powdered footprints was used to quantify AOG. Furthermore, it was required to establish whether the relative amount of transverse plane motion observed in the AOG was related to factors intrinsic or extrinsic to the foot. Intrinsic factors such as the amount of forefoot to rearfoot abduction was considered, and achieved by measuring the rearfoot to forefoot axis (RFA) angle using a weight bearing composite (COMP) view radiograph. The remaining objectives of the study served to investigate other common aetiological factors associated with HL and their potential influence on AOG in subjects with HL ... Results further indicated that the amount of first metatarsophalangeal joint dorsiflexion did not appear to influence AOG in the two groups, and that AOG did not reflect the iii amount of forefoot to rearfoot abduction in a foot with HL compared to the control group. When comparing foot type, as indicated by CIA, it appeared AOG did not significantly alter between the HL and control groups. Fi, Thesis (M.Med.Sc.)--University of Western Australia, 2005

Metatarsophalangeal joint injuries of the great toe are receiving increasing attention in athletes. Significant disability and long-term morbidity can result from these focal injuries. The entity known as turf-toe is widely recognized. Rupture of the medial collateral ligament of the first metatarsophalangeal joint is less common. A case of traumatic rupture of the medial collateral ligament in the great toe of a soccer player, which progressed to hallux valgus deformity, is presented., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Při osteoartróze malých kloubů se v současnosti rozvíjí užití totální endoprotézy zajišťující fyziologický pohyb, nicméně poskytuje pouze omezenou životnost. Použití mikrostruktur na povrch implantátu může zlepšit tribologické vlastnosti, tato problematika však není dostatečně popsána. Tato práce se tedy zabývá dopadem mikrostruktur na koeficient tření, tloušťku maziva v kontaktní oblasti, opotřebení, ale také topografii povrchu a geometrii struktur. Dále je zkoumán vliv elektrochemického obrábění DLyte na změnu geometrie mikrostruktur a tribologických vlastností. Měření byla provedena pomocí recipročního tribometru, interferometrie a optické profilometrie. Texturované vzorky dosáhly zvýšení koeficientu tření i tloušťky maziva v kontaktní oblasti. Dále byla prokázána korelace mezi výškou okrajů struktury a naměřenou tloušťkou maziva. DLyte tyto okraje výrazně zmenšuje, také snižuje opotřebení, nicméně degraduje povrch CoCrMo vzorků. Texturování implantátů může vést ke snížení opotřebení, prodloužení životnosti a tím i zkvalitnění života mnoha pacientů. Velký potenciál jeví texturování slitiny Ti6Al4V v kombinaci s DLyte., In osteoarthritis of small joints, the use of total endoprosthesis is currently being developed to ensure physiological movement, but it provides only a limited-service life. The use of microstructures on the implant surface may improve tribological properties, but this issue is not described enough. Thus, this work addresses the impact of microstructures on friction coefficient, lubricant thickness in the contact area, wear, as well as surface topography and geometry of the structures. Furthermore, the influence of DLyte electrochemical machining on the change of microstructures geometry and tribological properties is investigated. Measurements were performed using a reciprocal tribometer, interferometry and optical profilometry. The textured samples achieved an increase in both friction coefficient and lubricant thickness in the contact area. Furthermore, a correlation between the height of the texture edges and the measured lubricant thickness was demonstrated. DLyte significantly reduces these edges, also reducing wear, however, it degrades the surface of the CoCrMo samples. Implant texturing can lead to reduced wear, prolonged life, and thus improved quality of life for many patients. Texturing of Ti6Al4V alloy in combination with DLyte shows great potential.

Táto bakalárska práca sa zaoberá problematikou mazania mikroštruktúrovaných náhrad prvého metatarzofalangeálneho kĺbu. Cieľom skúmania je predĺžiť životnosť kĺbových náhrad za pomoci vytvorenia mikroštruktúry na povrchu materiálu. Práca sa zameriava na vplyv mikroštruktúry na mazacie procesy v kontakte a na súčiniteľ trenia. Na pozorovanie kontaktnej oblasti bola použitá fluorescenčná mikroskopia v kombinácii s recipročným tribometrom s možnosťou záznamu trecích a zaťažovacích síl. Na zázname kamery sa následne skúmal počet a priemerná veľkosť častíc albumínu, ktorý hrá významnú úlohu v mazaní kontaktu. Testovanie bolo prevedené na dvoch materiálových kombináciách, konkrétne CoCrMo – Sklo B270 (tvrdé páry) a CoCrMo – PMMA (mäkké páry), ktoré boli pokryté štyrmi rôznymi mikroštruktúrami. V dosiahnutých výsledkoch je naznačený vplyv mikroštruktúry na mazacie procesy v kontakte pre tvrdé a mäkké páry, ktorý môže byť použitý pre návrh ďalšieho merania., This bachelor thesis deals with the lubrication of microstructured prostheses of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. The aim of the research is the service life of joint replacements by creating a microstructure on the surface of the material. The work focuses on the influence of microstructures on lubrication processes in contact and coefficient of friction. Fluorescence microscopy in combination with a reciprocating tribometer with the possibility of recording frictional and loaded forces was used to observe the contact area. The number and average particle size of albumin, which plays an important role in contact lubrication, were then examined to record the camera. The testing was performed on two material combinations, namely CoCrMo - Glass B270 (hard pair) and CoCrMo - PMMA (soft pair), which were only four different microstructures. Elsewhere, the influence of microstructures on lubrication processes in contact for hard and soft pairs is indicated, which can be used to design further measurements.

Při osteoartróze malých kloubů se v současnosti rozvíjí užití totální endoprotézy zajišťující fyziologický pohyb, nicméně poskytuje pouze omezenou životnost. Použití mikrostruktur na povrch implantátu může zlepšit tribologické vlastnosti, tato problematika však není dostatečně popsána. Tato práce se tedy zabývá dopadem mikrostruktur na koeficient tření, tloušťku maziva v kontaktní oblasti, opotřebení, ale také topografii povrchu a geometrii struktur. Dále je zkoumán vliv elektrochemického obrábění DLyte na změnu geometrie mikrostruktur a tribologických vlastností. Měření byla provedena pomocí recipročního tribometru, interferometrie a optické profilometrie. Texturované vzorky dosáhly zvýšení koeficientu tření i tloušťky maziva v kontaktní oblasti. Dále byla prokázána korelace mezi výškou okrajů struktury a naměřenou tloušťkou maziva. DLyte tyto okraje výrazně zmenšuje, také snižuje opotřebení, nicméně degraduje povrch CoCrMo vzorků. Texturování implantátů může vést ke snížení opotřebení, prodloužení životnosti a tím i zkvalitnění života mnoha pacientů. Velký potenciál jeví texturování slitiny Ti6Al4V v kombinaci s DLyte., In osteoarthritis of small joints, the use of total endoprosthesis is currently being developed to ensure physiological movement, but it provides only a limited-service life. The use of microstructures on the implant surface may improve tribological properties, but this issue is not described enough. Thus, this work addresses the impact of microstructures on friction coefficient, lubricant thickness in the contact area, wear, as well as surface topography and geometry of the structures. Furthermore, the influence of DLyte electrochemical machining on the change of microstructures geometry and tribological properties is investigated. Measurements were performed using a reciprocal tribometer, interferometry and optical profilometry. The textured samples achieved an increase in both friction coefficient and lubricant thickness in the contact area. Furthermore, a correlation between the height of the texture edges and the measured lubricant thickness was demonstrated. DLyte significantly reduces these edges, also reducing wear, however, it degrades the surface of the CoCrMo samples. Implant texturing can lead to reduced wear, prolonged life, and thus improved quality of life for many patients. Texturing of Ti6Al4V alloy in combination with DLyte shows great potential.

Aditivní technologie v současnosti nachází své uplatnění i v endoprotetice, při které se pacientovi nahradí poškozená nebo nemocná část kloubu umělými implantáty endoprotézy. Problém spočívá v prostorech artikulačních povrchů, kdy mikrostruktury vzniklé výrobou mohou ovlivňovat tribologické vlastnosti. Tato práce se zabývá posouzením vlivu defektů mikrostruktur na povrchu endoprotéz s posouzením mazacích a třecích vlastností v místech kontaktní oblasti za použití recipročního tribometru a optického profilometru. Byly testovány aditivně vyrobené vzorky ze slitiny titanu Ti6Al4V s různými mikrostrukturami, přičemž ze záznamu z vysokorychlostní kamery pozorujeme velikost a počet albuminu a globulinu. Získané výsledky se dále porovnávali s texturováním. Ze získaných výsledků lze vycházet i při následujících studiích., The additive technology is currently also used in endoprosthetics, in which the damaged or diseased part of the joint is replaced with artificial endoprosthesis implants. The problem lies in the spaces of articulating surfaces, where microstructures created by manufacturing can affect tribological properties. This work is concerned with assessing the effect of microstructure defects on the surface of endoprostheses, with an assessment of lubrication and friction properties at the points of contact using a reciprocal tribometer and an optical profilometer. Additively manufactured Ti6Al4V titanium alloy samples with different microstructures were tested, observing the size and number of albumin and globulin from high-speed camera recordings. The results obtained were further compared with texturing. The results obtained can be used as a basis for subsequent studies.

Táto bakalárska práca sa zaoberá problematikou mazania mikroštruktúrovaných náhrad prvého metatarzofalangeálneho kĺbu. Cieľom skúmania je predĺžiť životnosť kĺbových náhrad za pomoci vytvorenia mikroštruktúry na povrchu materiálu. Práca sa zameriava na vplyv mikroštruktúry na mazacie procesy v kontakte a na súčiniteľ trenia. Na pozorovanie kontaktnej oblasti bola použitá fluorescenčná mikroskopia v kombinácii s recipročným tribometrom s možnosťou záznamu trecích a zaťažovacích síl. Na zázname kamery sa následne skúmal počet a priemerná veľkosť častíc albumínu, ktorý hrá významnú úlohu v mazaní kontaktu. Testovanie bolo prevedené na dvoch materiálových kombináciách, konkrétne CoCrMo – Sklo B270 (tvrdé páry) a CoCrMo – PMMA (mäkké páry), ktoré boli pokryté štyrmi rôznymi mikroštruktúrami. V dosiahnutých výsledkoch je naznačený vplyv mikroštruktúry na mazacie procesy v kontakte pre tvrdé a mäkké páry, ktorý môže byť použitý pre návrh ďalšieho merania., This bachelor thesis deals with the lubrication of microstructured prostheses of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. The aim of the research is the service life of joint replacements by creating a microstructure on the surface of the material. The work focuses on the influence of microstructures on lubrication processes in contact and coefficient of friction. Fluorescence microscopy in combination with a reciprocating tribometer with the possibility of recording frictional and loaded forces was used to observe the contact area. The number and average particle size of albumin, which plays an important role in contact lubrication, were then examined to record the camera. The testing was performed on two material combinations, namely CoCrMo - Glass B270 (hard pair) and CoCrMo - PMMA (soft pair), which were only four different microstructures. Elsewhere, the influence of microstructures on lubrication processes in contact for hard and soft pairs is indicated, which can be used to design further measurements.

Táto bakalárska práca sa zaoberá problematikou mazania mikroštruktúrovaných náhrad prvého metatarzofalangeálneho kĺbu. Cieľom skúmania je predĺžiť životnosť kĺbových náhrad za pomoci vytvorenia mikroštruktúry na povrchu materiálu. Práca sa zameriava na vplyv mikroštruktúry na mazacie procesy v kontakte a na súčiniteľ trenia. Na pozorovanie kontaktnej oblasti bola použitá fluorescenčná mikroskopia v kombinácii s recipročným tribometrom s možnosťou záznamu trecích a zaťažovacích síl. Na zázname kamery sa následne skúmal počet a priemerná veľkosť častíc albumínu, ktorý hrá významnú úlohu v mazaní kontaktu. Testovanie bolo prevedené na dvoch materiálových kombináciách, konkrétne CoCrMo – Sklo B270 (tvrdé páry) a CoCrMo – PMMA (mäkké páry), ktoré boli pokryté štyrmi rôznymi mikroštruktúrami. V dosiahnutých výsledkoch je naznačený vplyv mikroštruktúry na mazacie procesy v kontakte pre tvrdé a mäkké páry, ktorý môže byť použitý pre návrh ďalšieho merania., This bachelor thesis deals with the lubrication of microstructured prostheses of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. The aim of the research is the service life of joint replacements by creating a microstructure on the surface of the material. The work focuses on the influence of microstructures on lubrication processes in contact and coefficient of friction. Fluorescence microscopy in combination with a reciprocating tribometer with the possibility of recording frictional and loaded forces was used to observe the contact area. The number and average particle size of albumin, which plays an important role in contact lubrication, were then examined to record the camera. The testing was performed on two material combinations, namely CoCrMo - Glass B270 (hard pair) and CoCrMo - PMMA (soft pair), which were only four different microstructures. Elsewhere, the influence of microstructures on lubrication processes in contact for hard and soft pairs is indicated, which can be used to design further measurements.

Při osteoartróze malých kloubů se v současnosti rozvíjí užití totální endoprotézy zajišťující fyziologický pohyb, nicméně poskytuje pouze omezenou životnost. Použití mikrostruktur na povrch implantátu může zlepšit tribologické vlastnosti, tato problematika však není dostatečně popsána. Tato práce se tedy zabývá dopadem mikrostruktur na koeficient tření, tloušťku maziva v kontaktní oblasti, opotřebení, ale také topografii povrchu a geometrii struktur. Dále je zkoumán vliv elektrochemického obrábění DLyte na změnu geometrie mikrostruktur a tribologických vlastností. Měření byla provedena pomocí recipročního tribometru, interferometrie a optické profilometrie. Texturované vzorky dosáhly zvýšení koeficientu tření i tloušťky maziva v kontaktní oblasti. Dále byla prokázána korelace mezi výškou okrajů struktury a naměřenou tloušťkou maziva. DLyte tyto okraje výrazně zmenšuje, také snižuje opotřebení, nicméně degraduje povrch CoCrMo vzorků. Texturování implantátů může vést ke snížení opotřebení, prodloužení životnosti a tím i zkvalitnění života mnoha pacientů. Velký potenciál jeví texturování slitiny Ti6Al4V v kombinaci s DLyte., In osteoarthritis of small joints, the use of total endoprosthesis is currently being developed to ensure physiological movement, but it provides only a limited-service life. The use of microstructures on the implant surface may improve tribological properties, but this issue is not described enough. Thus, this work addresses the impact of microstructures on friction coefficient, lubricant thickness in the contact area, wear, as well as surface topography and geometry of the structures. Furthermore, the influence of DLyte electrochemical machining on the change of microstructures geometry and tribological properties is investigated. Measurements were performed using a reciprocal tribometer, interferometry and optical profilometry. The textured samples achieved an increase in both friction coefficient and lubricant thickness in the contact area. Furthermore, a correlation between the height of the texture edges and the measured lubricant thickness was demonstrated. DLyte significantly reduces these edges, also reducing wear, however, it degrades the surface of the CoCrMo samples. Implant texturing can lead to reduced wear, prolonged life, and thus improved quality of life for many patients. Texturing of Ti6Al4V alloy in combination with DLyte shows great potential.

Při osteoartróze malých kloubů se v současnosti rozvíjí užití totální endoprotézy zajišťující fyziologický pohyb, nicméně poskytuje pouze omezenou životnost. Použití mikrostruktur na povrch implantátu může zlepšit tribologické vlastnosti, tato problematika však není dostatečně popsána. Tato práce se tedy zabývá dopadem mikrostruktur na koeficient tření, tloušťku maziva v kontaktní oblasti, opotřebení, ale také topografii povrchu a geometrii struktur. Dále je zkoumán vliv elektrochemického obrábění DLyte na změnu geometrie mikrostruktur a tribologických vlastností. Měření byla provedena pomocí recipročního tribometru, interferometrie a optické profilometrie. Texturované vzorky dosáhly zvýšení koeficientu tření i tloušťky maziva v kontaktní oblasti. Dále byla prokázána korelace mezi výškou okrajů struktury a naměřenou tloušťkou maziva. DLyte tyto okraje výrazně zmenšuje, také snižuje opotřebení, nicméně degraduje povrch CoCrMo vzorků. Texturování implantátů může vést ke snížení opotřebení, prodloužení životnosti a tím i zkvalitnění života mnoha pacientů. Velký potenciál jeví texturování slitiny Ti6Al4V v kombinaci s DLyte., In osteoarthritis of small joints, the use of total endoprosthesis is currently being developed to ensure physiological movement, but it provides only a limited-service life. The use of microstructures on the implant surface may improve tribological properties, but this issue is not described enough. Thus, this work addresses the impact of microstructures on friction coefficient, lubricant thickness in the contact area, wear, as well as surface topography and geometry of the structures. Furthermore, the influence of DLyte electrochemical machining on the change of microstructures geometry and tribological properties is investigated. Measurements were performed using a reciprocal tribometer, interferometry and optical profilometry. The textured samples achieved an increase in both friction coefficient and lubricant thickness in the contact area. Furthermore, a correlation between the height of the texture edges and the measured lubricant thickness was demonstrated. DLyte significantly reduces these edges, also reducing wear, however, it degrades the surface of the CoCrMo samples. Implant texturing can lead to reduced wear, prolonged life, and thus improved quality of life for many patients. Texturing of Ti6Al4V alloy in combination with DLyte shows great potential.

Při osteoartróze malých kloubů se v současnosti rozvíjí užití totální endoprotézy zajišťující fyziologický pohyb, nicméně poskytuje pouze omezenou životnost. Použití mikrostruktur na povrch implantátu může zlepšit tribologické vlastnosti, tato problematika však není dostatečně popsána. Tato práce se tedy zabývá dopadem mikrostruktur na koeficient tření, tloušťku maziva v kontaktní oblasti, opotřebení, ale také topografii povrchu a geometrii struktur. Dále je zkoumán vliv elektrochemického obrábění DLyte na změnu geometrie mikrostruktur a tribologických vlastností. Měření byla provedena pomocí recipročního tribometru, interferometrie a optické profilometrie. Texturované vzorky dosáhly zvýšení koeficientu tření i tloušťky maziva v kontaktní oblasti. Dále byla prokázána korelace mezi výškou okrajů struktury a naměřenou tloušťkou maziva. DLyte tyto okraje výrazně zmenšuje, také snižuje opotřebení, nicméně degraduje povrch CoCrMo vzorků. Texturování implantátů může vést ke snížení opotřebení, prodloužení životnosti a tím i zkvalitnění života mnoha pacientů. Velký potenciál jeví texturování slitiny Ti6Al4V v kombinaci s DLyte., In osteoarthritis of small joints, the use of total endoprosthesis is currently being developed to ensure physiological movement, but it provides only a limited-service life. The use of microstructures on the implant surface may improve tribological properties, but this issue is not described enough. Thus, this work addresses the impact of microstructures on friction coefficient, lubricant thickness in the contact area, wear, as well as surface topography and geometry of the structures. Furthermore, the influence of DLyte electrochemical machining on the change of microstructures geometry and tribological properties is investigated. Measurements were performed using a reciprocal tribometer, interferometry and optical profilometry. The textured samples achieved an increase in both friction coefficient and lubricant thickness in the contact area. Furthermore, a correlation between the height of the texture edges and the measured lubricant thickness was demonstrated. DLyte significantly reduces these edges, also reducing wear, however, it degrades the surface of the CoCrMo samples. Implant texturing can lead to reduced wear, prolonged life, and thus improved quality of life for many patients. Texturing of Ti6Al4V alloy in combination with DLyte shows great potential.

Táto bakalárska práca sa zaoberá problematikou mazania mikroštruktúrovaných náhrad prvého metatarzofalangeálneho kĺbu. Cieľom skúmania je predĺžiť životnosť kĺbových náhrad za pomoci vytvorenia mikroštruktúry na povrchu materiálu. Práca sa zameriava na vplyv mikroštruktúry na mazacie procesy v kontakte a na súčiniteľ trenia. Na pozorovanie kontaktnej oblasti bola použitá fluorescenčná mikroskopia v kombinácii s recipročným tribometrom s možnosťou záznamu trecích a zaťažovacích síl. Na zázname kamery sa následne skúmal počet a priemerná veľkosť častíc albumínu, ktorý hrá významnú úlohu v mazaní kontaktu. Testovanie bolo prevedené na dvoch materiálových kombináciách, konkrétne CoCrMo – Sklo B270 (tvrdé páry) a CoCrMo – PMMA (mäkké páry), ktoré boli pokryté štyrmi rôznymi mikroštruktúrami. V dosiahnutých výsledkoch je naznačený vplyv mikroštruktúry na mazacie procesy v kontakte pre tvrdé a mäkké páry, ktorý môže byť použitý pre návrh ďalšieho merania., This bachelor thesis deals with the lubrication of microstructured prostheses of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. The aim of the research is the service life of joint replacements by creating a microstructure on the surface of the material. The work focuses on the influence of microstructures on lubrication processes in contact and coefficient of friction. Fluorescence microscopy in combination with a reciprocating tribometer with the possibility of recording frictional and loaded forces was used to observe the contact area. The number and average particle size of albumin, which plays an important role in contact lubrication, were then examined to record the camera. The testing was performed on two material combinations, namely CoCrMo - Glass B270 (hard pair) and CoCrMo - PMMA (soft pair), which were only four different microstructures. Elsewhere, the influence of microstructures on lubrication processes in contact for hard and soft pairs is indicated, which can be used to design further measurements.

Při osteoartróze malých kloubů se v současnosti rozvíjí užití totální endoprotézy zajišťující fyziologický pohyb, nicméně poskytuje pouze omezenou životnost. Použití mikrostruktur na povrch implantátu může zlepšit tribologické vlastnosti, tato problematika však není dostatečně popsána. Tato práce se tedy zabývá dopadem mikrostruktur na koeficient tření, tloušťku maziva v kontaktní oblasti, opotřebení, ale také topografii povrchu a geometrii struktur. Dále je zkoumán vliv elektrochemického obrábění DLyte na změnu geometrie mikrostruktur a tribologických vlastností. Měření byla provedena pomocí recipročního tribometru, interferometrie a optické profilometrie. Texturované vzorky dosáhly zvýšení koeficientu tření i tloušťky maziva v kontaktní oblasti. Dále byla prokázána korelace mezi výškou okrajů struktury a naměřenou tloušťkou maziva. DLyte tyto okraje výrazně zmenšuje, také snižuje opotřebení, nicméně degraduje povrch CoCrMo vzorků. Texturování implantátů může vést ke snížení opotřebení, prodloužení životnosti a tím i zkvalitnění života mnoha pacientů. Velký potenciál jeví texturování slitiny Ti6Al4V v kombinaci s DLyte., In osteoarthritis of small joints, the use of total endoprosthesis is currently being developed to ensure physiological movement, but it provides only a limited-service life. The use of microstructures on the implant surface may improve tribological properties, but this issue is not described enough. Thus, this work addresses the impact of microstructures on friction coefficient, lubricant thickness in the contact area, wear, as well as surface topography and geometry of the structures. Furthermore, the influence of DLyte electrochemical machining on the change of microstructures geometry and tribological properties is investigated. Measurements were performed using a reciprocal tribometer, interferometry and optical profilometry. The textured samples achieved an increase in both friction coefficient and lubricant thickness in the contact area. Furthermore, a correlation between the height of the texture edges and the measured lubricant thickness was demonstrated. DLyte significantly reduces these edges, also reducing wear, however, it degrades the surface of the CoCrMo samples. Implant texturing can lead to reduced wear, prolonged life, and thus improved quality of life for many patients. Texturing of Ti6Al4V alloy in combination with DLyte shows great potential.

Aditivní technologie v současnosti nachází své uplatnění i v endoprotetice, při které se pacientovi nahradí poškozená nebo nemocná část kloubu umělými implantáty endoprotézy. Problém spočívá v prostorech artikulačních povrchů, kdy mikrostruktury vzniklé výrobou mohou ovlivňovat tribologické vlastnosti. Tato práce se zabývá posouzením vlivu defektů mikrostruktur na povrchu endoprotéz s posouzením mazacích a třecích vlastností v místech kontaktní oblasti za použití recipročního tribometru a optického profilometru. Byly testovány aditivně vyrobené vzorky ze slitiny titanu Ti6Al4V s různými mikrostrukturami, přičemž ze záznamu z vysokorychlostní kamery pozorujeme velikost a počet albuminu a globulinu. Získané výsledky se dále porovnávali s texturováním. Ze získaných výsledků lze vycházet i při následujících studiích., The additive technology is currently also used in endoprosthetics, in which the damaged or diseased part of the joint is replaced with artificial endoprosthesis implants. The problem lies in the spaces of articulating surfaces, where microstructures created by manufacturing can affect tribological properties. This work is concerned with assessing the effect of microstructure defects on the surface of endoprostheses, with an assessment of lubrication and friction properties at the points of contact using a reciprocal tribometer and an optical profilometer. Additively manufactured Ti6Al4V titanium alloy samples with different microstructures were tested, observing the size and number of albumin and globulin from high-speed camera recordings. The results obtained were further compared with texturing. The results obtained can be used as a basis for subsequent studies.

V současnosti se při osteoartróze malých kloubů využívá totálních endoprotéz zajišťující fyziologický pohyb, bohužel životnost těchto kloubních implantátů je značně omezená. Nejčastější opotřebení vzniká v kontaktní oblasti implantátů s artikulačním povrchem. Využitím mikrotextur se jeví jako prospěšné pro ovlivnění tribologických vlastností, tato problematika však není dostatečně popsána. Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá vlivem různých mikrotextur na koeficient tření, pohybu proteinů v synoviální kapalině v kontaktní oblasti, opotřebení a také topografii povrchu. Měření byla provedena pomocí recipročního tribometru, optické profilometrie a fluorescenčního pozorování. Texturované vzorky dosáhly zvýšení koeficientu tření v kontaktní oblasti. Výsledky ukazují, že texturování povrchu může významně ovlivnit koeficient tření v kontaktní oblasti, což přispívá ke snížení opotřebení a prodloužení životnosti endoprotéz., Nowadays, in osteoarthritis of small joints, total endoprostheses are used to ensure physiological movement; unfortunately, the durability of these joint implants is very limited. The most frequent wear occurs in the contact area of the implants with the articulating surface. The use of microtextures appears to be beneficial in influencing tribological properties, but this issue is not well described. This bachelor thesis investigates the effect of different microtextures on the coefficient of friction, the movement of proteins in the synovial fluid in the contact area, wear, and the surface topography. Measurements were made using a reciprocal tribometer, optical profilometry and fluorescence observation. The textured samples achieved an increase in the coefficient of friction in the contact region. The results show that surface texturing can significantly affect the coefficient of friction in the contact region, which contributes to the reduction of wear and extension of endoprosthesis life.