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BACKGROUND: Geographic access to food may affect dietary choices and health outcomes, but the strength and direction of associations may depend on the operationalization of exposure measures. We aimed to systematically review the literature on up-to-date evidence on the association between food environment exposures based on Global Positioning System (GPS) and diet-related and cardiometabolic health outcomes. METHODS: The databases PubMed, Embase.com, APA PsycInfo (via Ebsco), Cinahl (via Ebsco), the Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and the International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (via ProQuest) were searched from inception to October 31, 2022. We included studies that measured the activity space through GPS tracking data to identify exposure to food outlets and assessed associations with either diet-related or cardiometabolic health outcomes. Quality assessment was evaluated using the criteria from a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for cross-sectional studies. We additionally used four items from a quality assessment tool to specifically assess the quality of GPS measurements. RESULTS: Of 2949 studies retrieved, 14 studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria. They were heterogeneous and represent inconsistent evidence. Yet, three studies found associations between food outlets and food purchases, for example, more exposure to junk food outlets was associated with higher odds of junk food purchases. Two studies found associations between greater exposure to fast food outlets and higher fast food consumption and out of three studies that investigated food environment in relation to metabolic outcomes, two studies found that higher exposure to an unhealthy food environment was associated with higher odds of being overweight. CONCLUSIONS: The current and limited evidence base does not provide strong evidence for consistent associations of GPS-based exposures of the food environment with diet-related and cardiometabolic health outcom

BackgroundA better understanding of the extent to which psychosocial and environmental correlates of physical activity are specific to locations would inform intervention optimization.PurposeTo investigate cross-sectional associations of location-general and location-specific variables with physical activity and sedentary time in three common locations adolescents spend time.MethodsAdolescents (N = 472,Mage = 14.1,SD = 1.5) wore an accelerometer and global positioning systems (GPS) tracker and self-reported on psychosocial (e.g., self-efficacy) and environmental (e.g., equipment) factors relevant to physical activity and sedentary time. We categorized each survey item based on whether it was specific to a location to generate psychosocial and environmental indices that were location-general or specific to either school, non-school, or home location. Physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time were based on time/location match to home, school, or all "other" locations. Mixed-effects models investigated the relation of each index with location-specific activity.ResultsThe location-general and non-school physical activity psychosocial indices were related to greater MVPA at school and "other" locations. The school physical activity environment index was related to greater MVPA and less sedentary time at school. The home activity environment index was related to greater MVPA at home. The non-school sedentary psychosocial index was related to less sedentary time at home. Interactions among indices revealed adolescents with low support on one index benefited (i.e., exhibited more optimal behavior) from high support on another index (e.g., higher scores on the location-general PA psychosocial index moderated lower scores on the home PA environment index). Concurrent high support on two indices did not provide additional benefit.ConclusionsNo psychosocial or environment indices, including location-general indices, were related to activity in all locations. Most of

Navigation systems of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) are heavily dependent on the availability of Global Positioning Systems (GPS) or other Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). Although inertial navigation systems (INS) can provide position and velocity of an aircraft based on acceleration measurements, the information degrades over time and reduces the capability of the system. In a GPS-denied environment, a UAS must utilize alternative sensor sources for navigating. This thesis presents preliminary evaluation results on the usage of onboard down-looking electro-optical sensors and image matching techniques to assist in GPS-free navigation of aerial platforms. Following the presentation of the fundamental mathematics behind the proposed concept, the thesis analyzes the key results from three flight campaign experiments that use different sets of sensors to collect data. Each of the flight experiments explores different sensor setups, assesses a variety of image processing methods, looks at different terrain environments, and reveals limitations related to the proposed approach. In addition, an attempt to incorporate navigational aid solutions into a navigation system using a Kalman filter is demonstrated. The thesis concludes with recommendations for future research on developing an integrated navigation system that relies on inertial measurement unit data complemented by the positional fixes from the image-matching technique., Outstanding Thesis, Civilian, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore, Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited.

This study investigated the effects of reduced quarter time due to COVID-19 pandemic rule changes, on running performance and injuries in Australian Football. Microsensor data for eight matches performed by the same 17 players were compared between the 2019 (standard) and 2020 (COVID-19) seasons using linear and generalised mixed models. Injury rates were assessed in 34 players across the full 2019 season, and 32 players across the full 2020 season. The total distance (ES = 1.28 [0.55 to 2.02]), high-speed ( > 18 km/h) (ES = 0.44 [-0.24 to 1.12]) and very high-speed ( > 24 km/h) (ES = 0.27 [-0.41 to 0.94]) distances, Player-Load™ (ES = 0.96 [0.25 to 1.67]), high-intensity efforts (ES = 0.48 [-0.20 to 1.16]), and accelerations (ES = 0.33 [-0.34 to 1.01]) were smaller (p ≤ 0.01) for the 2020 than the 2019 season. Ex-pressed relative to playing time, distance (ES = -0.38 [-1.06 to 0.30]), PlayerLoad™ (ES = -0.27 [-0.94 to 0.41]), and acceleration efforts (ES = -0.50 [-1.18 to 0.18]) were greater (p < 0.05) for the 2020 than the 2019 season. No significant differences in maximum ball-in-play periods nor the difference between the 1st and 4th quarters were evident. Injury rates remained similar between 2019 (3.36 per game) and 2020 (3.55 per game). However, the proportion of injuries that led to lost time (missed games) was greater for the 2020 (38 %) than 2019 season (24 %). The changes in the rules had a profound impact on player performance and increased the likelihood of time loss injuries.

In deze kennisclip wordt uitgelegd waar je op moet letten bij het uitzetten van GPS lijnen in strokenteelt.

Following the successful launch of the Spanish PAZ mission the proof of concept experiment ¿Radio Occultation and Heavy Precipitation with PAZ¿ (ROHP-PAZ) started operating in May 2018. The ROHP-PAZ observations demonstrated that precise measurements of the phase shift between horizontal and vertical polarizations from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) L-band signals are sensitive to oriented hydrometeors along the ray paths. While this differential phase shift measurement as a function of time has proven very useful, the regular radio occultation (RO) intermediate products from different polarized channels, such as bending angle and phase retrievals on the domain of impact parameter, have never been exploited. In this research, we studied the characteristics of polarimetric phase and bending angle difference retrieved by the radio-holographic (RH) method to mitigate atmospheric multipath effect and to explore their use in data assimilation. To validate RH approach in polarimetric retrievals, we performed end-to-end simulations where the hydrometeors are modeled by the effective refractivity with different horizontal extents. The simulation results demonstrate that the strong precipitation (>15 mm h^-1) with 40-km horizontal extent can be detected with the retrieved bending angle shift. The calibration process on the impact parameter domain has also been developed to extract the differential phase and bending angle shift from the actual polarimetric RO data. Statistics from the PAZ data shows that the mean retrieved RH polarimetric phase shift with various horizontal extent is approximately proportional to the tangent point location rain rate at a ratio of 0.02 rad (mm h^-1)^-1

Australian Football (AF) matches consist of high and low intensity activities and specific periods of play. Previous research has identified maximum periods of high intensity using a rolling time frame approach. However, the development of a non-uniform analysis method may be more desirable in intermittent type sports. Additionally, there is a paucity of information within the published literature that describes how to use such data to improve training design and subsequent monitoring. Furthermore, the physical and technical characteristics of specific phases of play have been identified in recent research. However, these findings can be developed further by ascertaining the effect of playing position, field location and successful/ unsuccessful play. The impact of factors such as venue and a player’s physical capacity and the constraints these may have upon performance should also be systematically analysed. The purpose of the present PhD research project, therefore, was to gain a greater understanding of the physical and technical demands of AF in specific phases of play, and how this data can be used to evaluate performance and inform training program design. To achieve this, six studies were included in the project to identify maximum periods of play using the ball in play (BiP) method, whilst additionally contextualising these time periods with key technical actions (e.g., kicks) (Study 1), the physical and technical demands of offence, defence, and contested phases of play, and how these outputs may be affected by playing position, successful and unsuccessful play, field location, environment and players’ physical capacity (Studies 3 and 5). Additionally, the intensity distribution was compared between competitive matches and small-sided games during training (Study 4). Based on this, position specific drills were established and running intensities in the drills were investigated (Study 6). Study one ascertained the maximum running intensities of ball in play

Few studies go beyond the residential environment in assessments of the environment-mental health association, despite multiple environments being encountered in daily life. This study investigated 1) the associations between multiple environmental exposures and depressive symptoms, both in the residential environment and along the daily mobility path, 2) examined differences in the strength of associations between residential- and mobility-based models, and 3) explored sex as a moderator. Depressive symptoms of 393 randomly sampled adults aged 18–65 were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Respondents were tracked via global positioning systems- (GPS) enabled smartphones for up to 7 days. Exposure to green space (normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)), blue space, noise (Lden) and air pollution (particulate matter (PM2.5)) within 50 m and 100 m of each residential address and GPS point was computed. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted separately for the residential- and mobility-based exposures. Wald tests were used to assess if the coefficients differed across models. Interaction terms were entered in fully adjusted models to determine if associations varied by sex. A significant negative relationship between green space and depressive symptoms was found in the fully adjusted residential- and mobility-based models using the 50 m buffer. No significant differences were observed in coefficients across models. None of the interaction terms were significant. Our results suggest that exposure to green space in the immediate environment, both at home and along the daily mobility path, is associated with a reduction in depressive symptoms. Further research is required to establish the utility of dynamic approaches to exposure assessment in studies on the environment and mental health.

This study sought to examine differences in measures of intense periods of physical performance during competitive match-play, between one-match (1 match weeks) and two-match microcycles (2 match week). 1, 3 and 5 min ‘peak’ and mean averages for total distance (TD), high-speed running (HSR) and metabolic power (MP) were analysed for each 15 min period of match-play. Linear mixed models were employed to examine the differences in dependent variables for each method of measurement between the 1 and 2 game microcycles. No differences were reported for ‘peak’ values for all epoch lengths, however, results revealed significantly reduced ‘average’ values, during periods of fixture congestion, for 1, 3 and 5 min epochs for average TD, and 3 min epochs for average HSR toward the end of the match (75-90 min split). There was, however, a trend for the opposite response to occur in the 60-75-minute period. The current data suggests that players potentially display altered pacing strategies during periods of fixture congestion, with these observed responses being dependent on sampling method and epoch length.

Observationally, a major source of uncertainty in evaluation of climate models arises from the difficulty in obtaining globally distributed, fine-scale profiles of temperature, pressure, and water vapor that probe through convective precipitating clouds, from the boundary layer to the upper levels of the free troposphere. In this manuscript, a 2-yr analysis of data from the Radio Occultations through Heavy Precipitation (ROHP) polarimetric radio occultation (RO) demonstration mission onboard the Spanish Paz spacecraft is presented. ROHP measures the difference in the differential propagation phase delay (¿¿) between two orthogonal polarization receive states that is induced from the presence of nonspherically shaped hydrometeors along the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) propagation path, complementing the standard RO thermodynamic profile. Since ¿¿ is a net path-accumulated depolarization and does not resolve the precipitation structure along the propagation path, orbital coincidences between ROHP and the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) constellation passive microwave (MW) radiometers are identified to provides three-dimensional precipitation context to the RO thermodynamic profile. Passive MW-derived precipitation profiles are used to simulate the ¿¿ along the ROHP propagation paths. Comparison between the simulated and observed ¿¿ are indicative of the ability of ROHP to detect threshold levels of ray-path-averaged condensed water content, as well as to suggest possible inferences on the average ice-phase hydrometeor nonsphericity. The use of the polarimetric RO vertical structure is demonstrated as a means to condition the lower-tropospheric humidity by the topmost height of the associated convective cloud structure.

The quantification of maximal mean speed (MMS), maximal mean metabolic power (MMP met), critical speed (CS) and critical metabolic power (CP met) was conducted over full A-League (elite) and National Premier League (NPL; sub-elite) seasons. Comparisons were made between levels of soccer competition and playing positions (i. e. centre backs, full backs, central midfielders, wide midfielders and strikers). A symmetric moving average algorithm was applied to the GPS raw data using specific time windows (i. e. 1, 5, 10, 60, 300 and 600 s) and maximal values were obtained. Additionally, these maximal values were used to derive estimates of CS and CP met. Maximal mean values, particularly during smaller time windows (i. e. 1 and 5 s), were greater in A-League match play. Only MMP met1 was identified as being consistently different between competitions (P = < 0.001 – 0.049) in all playing positions. Significance was only observed in CS (P = 0.005) and CP met (P = 0.005) of centre backs between competitions. Centre backs were identified as the least energy demanding playing position. The present findings suggests that both maximal mean and critical analyses are suitable alternatives to common absolute distance and speed assessments of match running performance during competitive matches. © 2020 Georg Thieme Verlag KG StuttgartNew York.

The management of emergencies require the use of multiple resources that must be coordinated to achieve the best possible results. For a good decision-making process, the availability of timely and reliable information about the variables on which such process rely is crucial. Among these variables, the ability to track the position in the field - either outdoors or indoors - of the members of the emergency teams it is of special importance. The IOPES project targets at improving an existing, already operational emergency management system where the tracking of operative staff is integrated. This paper concentrates only in the positioning aspect of IOPES - which encompasses other subsystems, such as portable communications or fast mapping - and describes the approach adopted by the project to perform such integration. This includes the concept itself, the hardware selected and well as the algorithms used to implement a portable, lightweight positioning device able to provide seamless indoor / outdoor positioning that will make possible the real-time tracking of personnel in the field. Promising preliminary results for mixed indoor-outdoor trajectories are as well presented., This contribution is part of the results of IOPES project, co-funded by the European Commission, Directorate-General Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection (ECHO), under the call UCPM-2019-PP-AG, Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

Small-sided games (SSGs) are commonly used by soccer practitioners to condition players. This form of exercise can result in fatigue, potentially exposing the muscle to injury risk. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of SSG variations on hamstring torque in semiprofessional soccer players. In a counterbalanced cross-over design, 10 male semiprofessional soccer players took part in both small relative area (3 vs. 3; 300 m) and large relative area (4 vs. 4; 1000 m) SSGs. The games comprised 6 × 4-minute bouts, with 90-second recovery. Both movement and heart rate responses were monitored by global positioning systems (GPS) and hamstring isometric torque was measured pre-training and post-training using a NordBord. There were differences (p < 0.05) between the small and large relative area games for peak hamstring force decrement (5.78 N and -13.62 N, respectively) and mean hamstring force decrement at 90° (11.11 N and -4.78 N, respectively). The number of accelerations was related to (r = 0.46, p = 0.039) reduced hamstring peak torque at 90°. In conclusion, larger relative area SSGs elicited the greatest internal and external loads, resulting in decrements in hamstring force. The number of accelerations performed in the session increases the likelihood of hamstring fatigue and can be controlled with the relative pitch area.

In Association football, often referred to as “soccer”, competitive match play is typically known to represent the greatest physical demand that players experience. The demands associated with match running performance may impact training outcomes and injury risk. As a result, practitioners evaluate these demands to ensure that performance is optimised. To assist in this process, global positioning systems (GPS) are typically used to quantify displacement variables and, more recently, the interaction between running speed and acceleration. However, traditional player monitoring methods tend to apply identical and somewhat arbitrary displacement, velocity and acceleration bands to describe movement “intensity”, and thus to determine individual work capacities. Using the same bands to determine individual work capacity when monitoring a team however is problematic, as this method does not provide a true reflection of work capacities relative to each individual. Therefore, the ability to determine measures of intensity specific to the physical performance of each individual could provide the practitioner with greater accuracy when evaluating physical demands. Since physical demand (i.e. external load) varies between matches, the match-to-match variability of external loads in match play were quantified in Study 1 to determine the number of matches needed to quantify performance changes. Twenty (n=20) sub-elite soccer players from a National Premier League (NPL) team (age, 19.1 ± 1.2 y; body mass, 72.4 ± 2.7 kg) volunteered for the study. GPS data were collected during the 2017 season and 416 individual match samples were collected from 26 NPL matches (13 home and 13 away). At the end of each match, GPS data were downloaded to Team AMS proprietary software and exported to Microsoft Excel creating individual performance profiles for each competitive game. Rolling averages were analysed across 6 specific durations (1, 5, 10, 60, 300, 600 s) for each player, with a maximum

The aims of this study were to: (a) investigate the effects of linear and nonlinear soccer simulations on lower-limb muscle function and physiological responses and (b) evaluate the relationship between match-running demands and changes in lower-limb muscle function. In a repeated-measures cross-over design, 8 participants completed either a linear or nonlinear adapted Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) on 2 occasions. The movement of players was tracked with a global positioning system, while lower-limb muscle function tests and physiological measurements were performed before and every 15 minutes during the simulation. There were no differences in distance covered, yet high-speed running (p = 0.007), accelerations (p = 0.008), and decelerations (p = 0.015) were higher in the linear LIST. Mean heart rate (p = 0.001) and ratings of perceived exertion (p = 0.013) were higher in the nonlinear LIST. Peak landing forces (p = 0.017) and jump height (p = 0.001) were reduced between baseline and 90 minutes but were not different between conditions. Changes in peak landing forces from baseline to half-time (r = -0.57, n = 16, p = 0.022) and full-time (r = -0.58, n = 16, p = 0.019) were related to high-speed running. Hamstring force was unaffected by time (p = 0.448) but was reduced in the linear LIST (p = 0.044). Protocols posing different external and internal demands elicited similar levels of fatigue across simulations. Hamstring function was not an effective indicator of fatigue, but our results highlight the greater demands placed on this muscle group when higher-speed running is performed.

Introduction: Soccer is an intermittent sport characterised by periods of moderate-intensity running and short high-intensity bursts. Understanding the physical and physiological demands of the sport is essential for constructing sport-specific and position-specific conditioning programmes. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to quantify the physical and physiological demands of different positions in second division soccer. The main focuses calculated were the total distance covered, distance covered in high-intensity, distance covered in different velocity categories, and player load of the different positions in second division soccer and to compare results to higher level leagues. Methods: GPS data on a total of twenty-four (24) players were collected and a total of thirteen soccer matches were analysed for the study. Therefore, a total of hundred and forty-nine (149) GPS data sets (player games) were analysed. Minimax X4 Catapult GPS units, as well as a Polar HR monitors and chest straps, were used to determine the physical and physiological demands of soccer players. The following variables were recorded: Distances covered, player load, the velocity bands during the match; and heart rate (HR) response. The various HR and GPS data variables were analysed using a linear mixed model with Playing Position as fixed effect, and the random effects Game, Team, Game x, Team interaction term, and Player. Fitting these random effects allowed for correlation between the observations in question due to multiple observations from the same game, team, and player. Based on this linear mixed model, the mean values of the variable for each playing position were estimated, together with their standard errors. Furthermore, the pairwise mean differences between playing positions were estimated, together with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the mean differences and P-values (p<0.05) associated with the null-hypothesis of zero mean difference between the pair of playing pos

PurposeTo investigate whether adolescents cluster into profiles based on where they accumulate moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), if overall MVPA differs across profiles, and if walking to school and participant and neighborhood characteristics explain profile membership.MethodsAdolescents (N=528; mean age=14.12±1.44; 50% girls) wore accelerometers and Global Positioning Systems (GPS) trackers for 3.9±1.5 days to assess MVPA minutes in five locations: at home, at school, in home neighborhood, in school neighborhood, and other. Walking to school and participant characteristics were assessed by questionnaire, and neighborhood environment by Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify profiles/groups of participants based on accumulation of physical activity across the five locations. Mixed-effects regression tested differences in overall MVPA, walking to school, and other characteristics across profiles.ResultsFour initial profiles emerged: one Insufficiently Active profile and three "Active" profiles (Active Around School, Active Home Neighborhood, and Active Other Locations). The Insufficiently Active profile emerging from the first LPA (90% of participants) was further separated into four profiles in a second LPA: Insufficiently Active, and three additional "Active" profiles (Moderately-Active Around School, Moderately-Active Home Neighborhood, and Active At Home). Those in the six Active profiles had more overall MVPA (41.1-92.7 minutes/day) than those in the two Insufficiently Active profiles (34.5-38.3 minutes/day). Variables that differed across profiles included walking to school, sports/athletic ability, and neighborhood walkability.ConclusionsAlthough most participants did not meet the MVPA guideline, the six Active profiles showed the places in which many adolescents were able to achieve the 60-minute/day guideline. The home and school neighborhood (partly through walking to school), "other" locations

Residential buffers are frequently used to assess built environment characteristics relevant to physical activity (PA), yet little is known about how well they represent the spatial areas in which individuals undertake PA. We used System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities data for 217 adults from five US states who wore an accelerometer and a GPS for three weeks to create newly defined PA-specific activity spaces. These PA spaces were based on PA occurring in bouts of ≥10min and were defined as 1) the single minimum convex polygon (MCP) containing all of a participant's PA bout minutes and 2) the combination of many MCPs constructed using each PA bout independently. Participants spent a large proportion of their PA bout time outside of 0.5, 1, and 5 mile residential buffers, and these residential buffers were a poor approximation of the spatial areas in which PA bouts occurred. The newly proposed GPS-based PA spaces can be used in future studies in place of the more general concept of activity space to better approximate built environments experienced during PA.

The exposome comprises all environmental exposures that a person experiences from conception throughout the life course. Here we review the state of the science for assessing external exposures within the exposome. This article reviews (a) categories of exposures that can be assessed externally, (b) the current state of the science in external exposure assessment, (c) current tools available for external exposure assessment, and (d) priority research needs. We describe major scientific and technological advances that inform external assessment of the exposome, including geographic information systems; remote sensing; global positioning system and geolocation technologies; portable and personal sensing, including smartphone-based sensors and assessments; and self-reported questionnaire assessments, which increasingly rely on Internet-based platforms. We also discuss priority research needs related to methodological and technological improvement, data analysis and interpretation, data sharing, and other practical considerations, including improved assessment of exposure variability as well as exposure in multiple, critical life stages.

Automotive manufacturers are facing increasing pressure from legislative bodies and consumers to reduce fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of vehicles. This has led to many automotive manufacturers starting production of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV's) and Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV's). Another method that helps to reduce the environmental effect of transportation is EcoRouting. The standard Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation offers route alternatives between user specified origin and destination. This technology provides multiple routes to the user and focuses on reducing the travel time to reach to the destination. EcoRouting is the method to determine a route that minimizes vehicle energy consumption, unlike traditional routing methods that minimize travel time. An EcoRouting system has been developed as a part of this thesis that takes in information such as speed limits, the number of stop lights, and the road grade to calculate the energy consumption of a vehicle along a route. A synthesis methodology is introduced that takes into consideration the distance between the origin and destination, the acceleration rate of the vehicle, cruise speed and jerk rate as inputs to simulate driver behavior on a given route. A new approach is presented in this thesis that weighs the energy consumption for different routes and chooses the route with the least energy consumption, subject to a constraint on travel time. A cost function for quantifying the effect of travel time is introduced that assists in choosing the EcoRoute with an acceptable limit on the travel time required to reach the destination. The analysis of the EcoRouting system with minimum number of conditional stops and maximum number of conditional stops is done in this thesis. The effect on energy consumption with the presence and absence of road-grade information along a route is also studied. A sensitivity study is performed to observe the change in energy consumption of th

BackgroundYouth are active in multiple locations, but it is unknown whether more physical activity in one location is associated with less in other locations. This cross-sectional study examines whether on days with more physical activity in a given location, relative to their typical activity in that location, youth had less activity in other locations (i.e., within-person associations/compensation).MethodsParticipants were 528 adolescents, ages 12 to 16 (M = 14.12, SD = 1.44, 50% boys, 70% White non-Hispanic). Accelerometer and Global Positioning System devices were used to measure the proportion of time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in five locations: home, home neighborhood, school, school neighborhood, and other locations. Mixed-effects regression was used to examine within-person associations of MVPA across locations and moderators of these associations.ResultsTwo of ten within-participant associations tested indicated small amounts of compensation, and one association indicated generalization across locations. Higher at-school MVPA (relative to the participant's average) was related to less at-home MVPA and other-location MVPA (Bs = -0.06 min/day). Higher home-neighborhood MVPA (relative to the participant's average) was related to more at-home MVPA (B = 0.07 min/day). Some models showed that compensation was more likely (or generalization less likely) in boys and non-whites or Hispanic youth.ConclusionsConsistent evidence of compensation across locations was not observed. A small amount of compensation was observed for school physical activity, suggesting that adolescents partially compensated for high amounts of school activity by being less active in other locations. Conversely, home-neighborhood physical activity appeared to carry over into the home, indicating a generalization effect. Overall these findings suggest that increasing physical activity in one location is unlikely to result in meaningful decreases in other l

The exposome comprises all environmental exposures that a person experiences from conception throughout the life course. Here we review the state of the science for assessing external exposures within the exposome. This article reviews (a) categories of exposures that can be assessed externally, (b) the current state of the science in external exposure assessment, (c) current tools available for external exposure assessment, and (d) priority research needs. We describe major scientific and technological advances that inform external assessment of the exposome, including geographic information systems; remote sensing; global positioning system and geolocation technologies; portable and personal sensing, including smartphone-based sensors and assessments; and self-reported questionnaire assessments, which increasingly rely on Internet-based platforms. We also discuss priority research needs related to methodological and technological improvement, data analysis and interpretation, data sharing, and other practical considerations, including improved assessment of exposure variability as well as exposure in multiple, critical life stages.

Real-time locating systems (RTLSs) are considered an effective way to identify and track the location of an object in both indoor and outdoor environments. Various RTLSs have been developed and made commercially available in recent years. Research into RTLSs in the construction sector is ubiquitous and results have been published in many construction-related academic journals over the past decade. A succinct and systematic review of current applications would help academics, researchers and industry practitioners in identifying existing research deficiencies and therefore future research directions. However, such a review is lacking to date. This paper provides a framework for understanding RTLS research and development in the construction literature over the last decade. The research opportunities and directions of construction RTLS are highlighted. Background information relating to construction RTLS trends, accuracy, deployment, cost, purposes, advantages and limitations is provided. Four major research gaps are identified and research opportunities and directions are highlighted.

Agrometius organiseerde begin juli voor het eerst de Nationale Precisielandbouw Demodagen. Geïnteresseerden konden precies vernemen hoe ver de techniek ondertussen in staat is om de landbouwer bij te staan in diverse aspecten van zijn bedrijfsvoering.

The integration of Global Positioning Systems and Smartphones has seen the significance of location based services rise. Geo-location data could prove to be an invaluable source of evidence in a forensic investigation. An attempt to extract geo-location data from an iPhone4s and Huawei Ascend G526 in a forensically sound manner revealed significant geo-location data embedded within geo-tags within photos taken on the devices. Other limited evidence was located on the devices.

Recreatieschap Rottemeren Groenservice Zuid-Holland is door een verdrinking in zwemwater Zevenhuizerplas hardhandig op zijn zorgplicht gewezen. In zwemwater mogen zich binnen het aangewezen zwemoppervlak, de zogeheten ballenlijn, geen (spoel)gaten bevinden. De diepte mag er maximaal 1,40 meter zijn. Het is bijna ondoenlijk om dat met de hand uit te peilen. Groenaannemingsbedrijf Punt heeft nu een elektrische kano uitgerust met een digitaal peillood en hoeft alleen de ingestelde lijn af te varen om te bepalen of er geen spoelgaten in de bodem zitten.

Wageningse onderzoekers zijn er samen met het bedrijfsleven in geslaagd een zelfrijdende tractor met automatische spuitmachine te ontwikkelen voor boomgaarden. Dat geeft een fikse besparing op arbeidskosten én op gewasbestrijdingsmiddelen – die dan ook niet in het milieu terechtkomen.

Precisielandbouw wordt gezien als een middel om het rendement van de teelt te verbeteren en een “license tot produce” te behouden. In de bloembollenteelt worden ook diverse technieken toegepast en de mogelijkheden van nieuwe precisielandbouw technieken onderzocht. Opzet van dit onderzoek was na te gaan of gericht planten in volvelds verband (economische) voordelen biedt wat betreft opbrengst. Rechtop planten en regelmatig planten in een bed, zodat elke bol evenveel ruimte heeft kost een extra investering waarbij het onduidelijk is welke extra opbrengst dan wordt gerealiseerd. Het ultieme doel is daarbij de bollen zodanig te richten dat ze rechtop gezet worden waardoor de spruit de kortste weg naar boven neemt. Het precisieplanten kan dan de basis zijn voor verdere ontwikkeling van een aantal precisielandbouw technieken.

Een nieuwe machine is prachtig. Maar hoe houdt die zich na een aantal jaren? Is die eenvoudig af te stellen en hoe handelt de dealer bij grote brokken? In de rubriek ‘Tussenstand’ volgen we een aantal landbouwmachines. In dit artikel: het SBGuidance Twin gps-besturingssysteem, de AVR CTHV3085 hallenvuller en de Deutz-Fahr Agrotron M410 Profiline trekker.

Wageningse onderzoekers zijn er samen met het bedrijfsleven in geslaagd een zelfrijdende tractor met automatische spuitmachine te ontwikkelen voor boomgaarden. Dat geeft een fikse besparing op arbeidskosten én op gewasbestrijdingsmiddelen – die dan ook niet in het milieu terechtkomen.

Antwoorden van staatssecretaris Dijksma (EZ) op vragen van het lid Van Dekken (PVDA) over het bericht 'GPS moet dier tijdens transport beschermen'.

In dit dossier artikelen over : 1) Strooiertechniek staat niet stil 2) Sensoren voor preciezer strooien 3) Radar meet het strooibeeld

Gps-systemen zijn al lang niet meer weg te denken. In de groensector doen de eerste toepassingen inmiddels ook hun intrede.

Met de komst van de Kringloopwijzer en quotumvrije productie wordt de ruwvoerproductie nog belangrijker. Efficiëntie is noodzaak.

Arbeidsgemak bij het kunstmeststrooien en 't mest uitrijden is en was het belangrijkste argument van de maatschap Sieperda voor de investering in een gps-stuurhulp.

De Optima 1045 en 1055 van het Franse merk Irrifrance onderscheiden zich door hun robuuste bouw en eenvoudige bediening. ‘Met onze oude machines waren we meer geld kwijt aan onderhoud.’

Special over het gebruik van software toepassingen, zoals registratie systemen, gps en informatiebeheer, het registreren van tijd en materiaal met een scanner en de toename van vele apps, zoals bijvoorbeeld het herkennen van parasieten en schadebeelden.

De gps-systemen van SBG zijn populair onder Nederlandse akkerbouwers. Het levert immers pasklare oplossingen. Nu is het Nederlandse bedrijf, in 2003 opgericht door 3 studiejaargenoten van Wageningen UR, in Amerikaanse handen. Door de overname kan Raven nu ook machinebesturing aan zijn productlijn toevoegen, iets wat het bedrijf tot nu toe niet had. Voor de wereldwijde groenteteelt is zo’n stuursysteem noodzakelijk, net als voor de strip-tillteelt die in de Verenigde Staten opgang maakt.

Ik ga naar het veld en ik neem mee… de taakkaart voor mijn machine. Plaatsspecifiek werken zal de komende jaren langzaam maar zeker doorbreken, er komt echter veel bij kijken.

Schaalvergroting op agrarische bedrijven maakt de animo voor samenwerkingsverbanden tussen akkerbouw- en veehouderijbedrijven groter. Samenwerking kent veel voordelen, maar de beperkingen door de regelgeving zijn groot. Het praktijknetwerk Samen Sterk wil inzicht bieden in hoe voordelen te optimaliseren en belemmeringen te beperken.

De bestaande stal van familie Bos in Zuidbroek is recent voorzien van de eerste vijfboxmelkrobot van Nederland. En door constante gps-bepaling zijn gedrag en positie van elke koe exact bekend .

Deze korte documentaire draait om een ‘connected’ boer die laat zien hoe er in de landbouw gebruik gemaakt kan worden van mobiele toepassingen zoals drones, om de conditie van de gewassen en de grond te analyseren. Deze manier van boeren komt duurzame voedselproductie enorm ten goede.