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Background: Obesity in Mexico is an alarming problem that has been increasing in recent decades. Dietary factors make this pathology more common at younger ages and closely related to oral health. This study attempts to investigate the association between the oral health status of a Mexican population in the state of Yucatan and their dietary habits. Objective: This study explores the relationship between oral health-related quality of life and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in a disadvantaged population in the state of Yucatan, Mexico. Methods: The research was conducted in July 2023 in Merida, Yucatan (Mexico). The sample consisted of 109 individuals aged between 4 and 72 years old. Data analysis focused on factors such as body mass index (BMI), oral health-related quality of life, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Results: A notable presence of caries is observed in individuals with low adherence to the Mediterranean diet (Correlation coefficient 0.040, p=0.682). This underscores the potential interaction between oral health, obesity, and dietary habits. The mean Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHIP-14Sp) score was 13.19 ±13.57, median 8.00. Conclusions: This research adds to the increasing evidence that highlights the significance of a balanced diet in enhancing the oral quality of life for people. More research is necessary to explore preventive measures and treatment to raise awareness about oral health within the community.

Background: The relationship between chronic inflammatory diseases and their comorbidi ties and correlation with periodontal diseases has become an increasing focus of research. Objectives: The aim of this case-control study was to conclude if patients suffering from COPD (Chronic Ob structive Pulmonary Disease) tend to have more AP (Apical Periodontitis) than non-COPD patients. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 30 patients assigned as cases, associated with 30 control patients linked by age (+/−5 years) and sex. Results: A total of 60 patients were recorded, and a total of 12 radiographic variables were analyzed. A total of 43 (71.7%) patients were registered with PAI (Periapical Index) ≥ 3, and there was a slightly tendency in the patients from the control group 22 (73.3%) compared to those from the cases 21 (70%), respectively (p > 0.05). Conclusions: It was concluded that there was not a significant association between the levels of PAI (Periapical Index) ≥ 3 per patient in those suffering from COPD. In fact, it could be concluded that patients diagnosed with COPD tend to have more teeth with PAI ≥ 3, more endodontic treatments and their periodontitis tended to accumulate more caries. Clinical Significance: This study establishes, in a case-control study, some specific aspects of oral health in patients with COPD, as well as analyzing the importance of oral health in this disease.

Background: Epidemiological investigations define the prevalence and distribution of the various types of malocclusions, and can help to identify etiological factors and set the most correct orthodontic therapy. Aim: The goal of this study was to verify the prevalence and distribution of various types of malocclusions in the pediatric population. Methods: The study was performed on a sample of 350 patients (ages 5–9) being treated at the ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda in Milan. A comparison was presented with one similar epidemiological investigation conducted 22 years earlier by the same researchers. The values of the malocclusion indices were reported from the cephalometric analyzes of the patients and were differentiated on the basis of gender and ethnicity. Results: The predominant traits of malocclusion in the general population of the analyzed sample were: skeletal class II (47.43%), hyper-divergence (40.86%), maxillary retrusion (46%), mandibular retrusion (66%), maxillary hypoplasia (50%), mandibular hypoplasia (49.14%), Wits index > 2 mm (22.57%); overjet > 4 mm (31.1%) and overbite > 4 mm (24.86%). Substantial differences were found between Italian patients and patients belonging to different ethnic groups in almost all parameters, and between the male and female genders in some of them. Patients in the 2000 study had a higher prevalence of Class II and hyper-divergence. Conclusions: This epidemiological investigation can suggest different approaches in setting the orthodontic treatment plan based on the ethnic group of the patient taken in charge and encourage more specific and large-scale analytical studies on the subject.

Background: Several epidemiology reports have shown high prevalence of gingivitis among adolescents and young individuals in Colombia. The Third Colombian Oral Health Study described how approximately 70 % of individuals 15-24 years had gingival bleeding. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of an individualized oral hygiene program that uses social media to treat gingivitis on young university students from Bogotá, Colombia. Methods: Thirty-eight students with gingivitis participated in a program that included: Individualized oral hygiene instruction, professional removal of plaque and calculus and, recall and support on oral hygiene through the use of social media. Evaluated clinical parameters included: plaque accumulation, bleeding on probing, probing depth and clinical attachment levels, these measured at baseline and at a follow-up examination four weeks later. Wilcoxon test was used. Results: Plaque accumulation was significantly reduced from 72.6 % to 29.6 %, similarly bleeding on probing was reduced, from 36.7 % to 13.8%, a slight reduction in probing depth and gain in attachment level was observed. Subjects reported an increased frequency for toothbrushing and use of dental floss. Conclusion: The program showed efficacy in the treatment of gingivitis, subjects were highly positive to the use of social media., RESUMEN. Antecedentes:Múltiples estudios de epidemiológicos han mostrado una alta prevalencia de gingivitis en adolescentes e individuos jóvenes de Colombia, el Tercer Estudio Nacional de Salud Buco-dental describió como aproximadamente el 70% de los jóvenes entre 15-24 años presentaron hemorragia gingival. Propósito: Evaluar la eficacia de un programa de promoción de la higiene oral individualizado, con soporte a través de las redes sociales, en el control de la gingivitis a corto plazo en jóvenes universitarios de Bogotá, Colombia. Métodos: Treinta-ocho estudiantes con gingivitis participaron en el programa. Este programa incluía educación personalizada en higiene oral, remoción profesional de placa bacteriana y cálculo, y actividades de soporte difundidas a través de las redes sociales. Se evaluaron parámetros clínicos periodontales de placa bacteriana, hemorragia al sondaje, profundidad de surco y nivel de inserción clínico al inicio del estudio y en un examen de re-evaluación cuatro semanas después. Se utilizó la prueba de Wilcoxon. Resultados: Los estudiantes mostraron una significativa reducción del Índice de Placa, de 72.6% a 29.6%, del porcentaje de hemorragia al sondaje, de 36.7% a 13.8%, y una ligera reducción de la profundidad de surco y ganancia del nivel de inserción clínico. Esto fue concordante con un aumento de la frecuencia de cepillado dental y uso de seda dental. Conclusión: El programa fue eficaz en el tratamiento de la gingivitis, el uso de las redes sociales fue de gran aceptación.

Introduction: dental fluorosis is a problem of oral health that occurs invarying degrees of severity depending on exposure to fluoride during toothformation, the WHO recommends monitoring this problem in the population.Objetive: to determine prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis inchildren, who visited to the dentist’s office during 2014 at the ESE HospitalSan Rafael in Andes municipality (Antioquia). Materials and methods:descriptive, retrospective study of four hundred records of children aged 12 and 15who visited to the dentist’s office during 2014; of which 192 were reported as casesof dental fluorosis, and had been examined by visual inspection of labial surfaces intwelve teeth, according the Dean index. The prevalence and severity levels of dentalfluorosis by age, sex and area of residence were estimated. Results: the prevalenceof dental fluorosis was 48%, being the most frequent very mild and mild forms with30%, while moderate fluorosis was 16% and severe 2%. Conclusions: the high prevalenceof dental fluorosis in children aged 12 and 15 of Andes municipality, indicatethe need to continue monitoring the problem and to implement measures aimed atcontrolling the risk of dental fluorosis in the population., Introducción: la Fluorosis dental es un problema de salud bucal que sepuede presentar en diferentes grados de severidad según la exposición afluoruros durante la formación dental, la OMS recomienda hacer vigilanciade este problema en la población. Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia y severidadde fluorosis dental, en niños de 12 y 15 años de edad, que asistieron aconsulta odontológica durante el año 2014 a la ESE Hospital San Rafael delMunicipio de Andes (Antioquia). Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo,retrospectivo de 400 registros de los niños de 12 y 15 años que asistierona consulta odontológica durante el año 2014; de los cuales 192 fueron reportadoscomo casos de Fluorosis dental, y habían sido examinados conbase en los criterios del índice de Deán, mediante inspección visual de lassuperficies vestibulares de doce dientes. Se estimaron las prevalencias yniveles de severidad de fluorosis dental por edad, sexo y zona de residencia.Resultados: la prevalencia de fluorosis dental fue de 48%, siendo lasformas muy leve y leve las más frecuentes con el 30%, mientras que lafluorosis moderada se encontró en el 16% y la severa en el 2%. Conclusiones:la alta prevalencia de fluorosis dental en los niños de 12 y 15 años del municipiode Andes, indica la necesidad de hacer vigilancia del problema, así comoimplementar medidas orientadas al control del riesgo de fluorosis dental enla población.

Apical periodontitis (AP) is an inflammatory lesion around the apex of a tooth caused by bacterial infection of the pulp canal system. AP appears radiographically as a radiolucent periapical lesion (RPL). The elective treatment for teeth with AP is root canal treatment (RCT). No study is available about the frequency of RPL and RCT in patients with inherited coagulation disorders (ICD). The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of RPL and RCT in patients with ICD and control subjects. In a cross-sectional study, the radiographic records of 58 patients with haemophilia A, haemophilia B or von Willebrand’s disease (study group) and 58 control subjects were examined. The frequency of RPL and RCT was assessed using digital panoramic radiographs and the Periapical Index. RPL in one or more teeth was found in 67.2% of patients with ICD and in 48.3% of control subjects (odds ratio = 2.20; P = 0.038). At least one RCT was found in 34.5% and 65.5% of subjects in the study and control groups respectively (odds ratio = 0.28; P = 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that subjects with ICD had RPL with higher likelihood than control subjects (odds ratio = 7.4; P = 0.0005). Patients with ICD disorders showed a significantly higher prevalence of RPL and lower frequency of RCT than control patients.

Introduction and objective: The construction of baseline indexes of dental caries experience based on global oral health goals proposed by the World Health Organization, is a priority for health authorities. The aim of this study wasto establish baseline indexes of experience and prevalence of dental caries in 12- year old children inpermanent dentition from the municipality of Andes in Colombia. Materials and methods: One hundred and sixty four children were examined during a 12 month period in order to assess carious lesions which involved dentin and those confined to enamel using some ICDAS criteria. Prevalence anddental caries experience, DMFT and SiC indexes were calculated. Results: 60.4% of the children presented cavitational caries experience. Aaverage Classic and modified DMFT scores were 1.6 ± 1.7 and 1.7 ± 1.8, respectively. SiC index was 3.7 ± 1.2. Conclusions: The municipality Andes complies with the goal established by the National Public Health Plan, however, the significant caries index indicates that the disease is concentrated in a small group. This situation should be explored in further studies., Introducción y objetivo: La construcción de línea de base de los indicadores de experiencia de caries dental a nivel local, deacuerdo con las directrices de las metas globales en salud bucal propuestas por la OMS, es una prioridadpara las autoridades de salud. El propósito de este estudio fue establecer los indicadores línea de basede experiencia y prevalencia de caries dental en dentición permanente, en niños de 12 años de edad delmunicipio de Andes. Materiales y métodos:se examinaron 164 niños/as, que asistieron a consulta odontológica, en un periodo de un año, en quienesse evaluó la presencia de caries cavitacional en dentina y caries limitada al esmalte dental, con base enalgunos criterios del sistema ICDAS. Se calcularon la prevalencia y experiencia de caries dental, y losíndices CPO-D y SiC. Resultados: El 60,4% de los niños tenía experiencia de caries (CPO-D>0), el promedio del CPO-D clásico y modificadofue 1,6±1,7 y 1,7±1,8, respectivamente. El índice significante de caries fue 3,7±1,2. Conclusión: El municipio de Andes cumplió con la meta 1 del Plan Nacional de Salud pública, sin embargo, el SiCevidencia la concentración del problema de caries dental en una parte de los niños/as de 12 años deedad; situación que debe explorarse con estudios en mayor profundidad.

The aim of this epidemiological survey was to analyze the periodontal conditions of 19-year old individuals in an urban area of Sweden, with special reference to gender and socioeconomic factors. A randomized sample of 272 individuals living in Göteborg, Sweden, was clinically examined with regard to oral hygiene, gingivitis, periodontal pockets, probing attachment loss (PAL) and gingival recession. Bitewing radiographs were used for assessments of alveolar bone level (ABL) and dental calculus. A questionnaire-based interview regarding oral hygiene habits was included. Data were analyzed with regard to differences between gender and socioeconomic grouping. The subjects showed a mean plaque score of 59% and a gingivitis score of 44%. 70% of the adolescents had a plaque score of ≥50%, whereas corresponding figure for gingivitis was 37%. 27% of the subjects had at least one tooth with gingival recession. The mean prevalence of sites with probing depth of ≥6 mm was 0.5, and the prevalence of PAL ≥2 mm was 0.7. A radiographic bone level of ≥2 mm was observed at on average 0.8 teeth per subject. Females had significantly less plaque and gingivitis than males and significantly higher number of teeth with gingival recession. There were no clinically significant differences in periodontal conditions between socioeconomic groups. In conclusion, the survey revealed higher prevalence of plaque and gingivitis among male than female adolescents but no differences between socioeconomic groups.