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V období, kdy je pěstování ovoce limitováno klimatickými změnami, kdy proto dochází k poklesu produkčních ploch a také pro vlastní nestabilní rentabilitu a náklady spojené s pěstováním, je důležité najít nové možnosti pro udržitelné a konkurenceschopné ovocnářství. Tou cestou, jak toho dosáhnout je například využívání nových nepůvodních ovocných druhů, jako jsou odrůdy asijských slivoní a asijských hrušní a případně mezidruhových kříženců. Oba tyto druhy mají mnoho výhod, které je pro podmínky České republiky předurčují a také dosahují odpovídající kvality plodů, či výnosů apod. V této metodice se zabýváme možnostmi pěstování, volbou podnoží a výběrem vhodných odrůd právě pro podmínky České republiky., In a period when fruit growing is limited by climate changes, when production areas are therefore decreasing and also because of the unstable profitability and costs associated with growing, it is important to find new options for sustainable and competitive fruit growing. The way to achieve this is, for example, the use of new non-native fruit species such as varieties of Asian plum trees and Asian pear trees and possibly interspecific hybrids. Both of these species have many advantages that predetermine them for the conditions of the Czech Republic and also achieve adequate fruit quality, yields, etc. In this methodology, we deal with cultivation options, the choice of rootstocks and the selection of suitable varieties precisely for the conditions of the Czech Republic.

Historic breeding populations often have limited pedigree notation and genomic data associated with them. A prime example of this is the Plum Collection of over 150 cultivars introduced by Luther Burbank between the 1880’s-1920’s which consisted of many different Prunus species, the most prominent of which were combinations of the diploid species P. salicina, P. simonii, P. americana, and the hexaploid species P. domestica. The primary goals of this study were to locate as many of Burbank’s introductions as possible and to investigate their pedigrees and genetic diversity. Fifty-three cultivars were located at three California sites; the USDA-ARS-National Clonal Germplasm Repository at the Wolfskill Experimental Orchard , Luther Burbank Home & Gardens, Gold Ridge Experiment Farm, and at numerous scion exchanges held by the California Rare Fruit Growers. These taxa were analyzed using genotyping by sequencing (GBS) which retrieved over 24,000 SNPs spread over eight chromosomes with degrees of heterozygosity that ranged from 5.33% - 30.90%, with an average of 13.28%. The transition/transversion rates of SNPs retrieved were 60.99% and 33.73% respectively The remaining SNPs are indels.SNP data were visualized using Identity by Descent (IBD) heatmaps, dendrograms, kinship matrices, and phylogenetic admixture plots. Eight distinct kinship groups emerged as significant using approximately unbiased bootstrapping on a dendrogram. Phylogenetic admixture analyses optimized at K=4 corresponded to P. salicina, P. simonii, European plums (P. domestica and P. cerasifera), and North American plums (P. americana and P. rivularis). The heatmap visualized shared rare alleles. Combined with phylogenetic admixture, the IBD analyses show how the taxa are related to each other. Lastly, fruits scored for exocarp color, mesocarp color, free or cling-stone endocarps, and general shape were compared to genotypic data using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and integrated haplotype sc

Olives (Olea europaea L.) produce abundant flowers, but only a small subset persist as fruits. We hypothesize that the low fruit set to flower ratio is due to the short ovule longevity. Ethylene inhibition is hypothesized to prolong olive inflorescence longevity, extending the effective pollination period (EPP) and improving yield. The objective of this research is to determine whether applying exogenous aminoethoxyvinglglycine (AVG, an ethylene inhibitor) during bloom will decrease ethylene generation and increase the EPP, fruit set and yield. A 264 ppm ReTain™ (a.i. Aminoethoxyvinylglycine) sprayed at bloom on Arbequina olives and monitored through the end of bloom significantly reduced ethylene production but did not affect visual bloom senescence or pollen tube growth, measured by pollen tube width. At harvest, fruit yield was measured, and the oil analyzed. ReTain™ bloom application did not delay flower senescence or improve pollen tube growth. It significantly reduced ethylene generation and mildly increased fruit yield, but the yield increase was not significant. The collective results show that ReTain™ can significantly and strongly decrease ethylene generation in Arbequina olive flowers, but not extend flower longevity, improve fruit set or yield. Heavy rain, accompanied by low temperatures, during the bloom may be the reason why the flower longevity was not extended, resulting in decreased fruit set.

Olives (Olea europaea L.) produce abundant flowers, but only a small subset persist as fruits. We hypothesize that the low fruit set to flower ratio is due to the short ovule longevity. Ethylene inhibition is hypothesized to prolong olive inflorescence longevity, extending the effective pollination period (EPP) and improving yield. The objective of this research is to determine whether applying exogenous aminoethoxyvinglglycine (AVG, an ethylene inhibitor) during bloom will decrease ethylene generation and increase the EPP, fruit set and yield. A 264 ppm ReTain™ (a.i. Aminoethoxyvinylglycine) sprayed at bloom on Arbequina olives and monitored through the end of bloom significantly reduced ethylene production but did not affect visual bloom senescence or pollen tube growth, measured by pollen tube width. At harvest, fruit yield was measured, and the oil analyzed. ReTain™ bloom application did not delay flower senescence or improve pollen tube growth. It significantly reduced ethylene generation and mildly increased fruit yield, but the yield increase was not significant. The collective results show that ReTain™ can significantly and strongly decrease ethylene generation in Arbequina olive flowers, but not extend flower longevity, improve fruit set or yield. Heavy rain, accompanied by low temperatures, during the bloom may be the reason why the flower longevity was not extended, resulting in decreased fruit set.

[ES] Ante el creciente desarrollo del cultivo del granado se plantea la caracterización de algunos materiales vegetales nuevos de granado (Punica granatum L.) en comparación con los materiales clásicos y autóctonos en cultivo en nuestras áreas de plantación más extensas y habituales. Dicha caracterización se realizará tanto desde el punto de vista del material vegetal como de la composición química básica del zumo de granada obtenido. Se parte de cultivares de granado establecidos en la zona de Elche, ya que es la comarca con mayor producción de toda la vertiente mediterránea española. Se han seleccionado como base para este TFG (Trabajo Final de Grado) los cuatro cultivares de granado de mayor importancia, siendo éstos los cultivares Acco, Mollar, Valencia y Wonderful. Se han recolectado durante la campaña 2013/2014 diversas muestras de frutos y hojas para realizar los estudios que se presentan. Con las muestras de fruta se han realizado mediciones de aquellos parámetros que puedan marcar diferencias entre los frutos de los cultivares en estudio, tales como el peso, medidas de longitud y ancho de los frutos y del cáliz. Debido a que el mayor interés de consumo se encuentra en las semillas, donde las exigencias del consumidor demandan semillas con poco piñón y que éste se encuentre poco lignificado, se han realizado mediciones de longitud y anchura de la semilla y posteriormente del arilo y de este modo poder comprobar si existe relación entre ambas. A la vez que se han realizado estas mediciones se evalúa el material en estudio siguiendo la norma UPOV (Unión Internacional para la Protección de las Obtenciones Vegetales) de la fruta y del zumo, del que también se mide el volumen obtenido por fruto, y los grados brix y acidez, todo ello con el objetivo de comprobar su adecuación para su posible uso en la industria agroalimentaria. Debido al creciente interés del cultivo de la granada por sus propiedades para el mundo de la alimentación, sanidad, los cosméticos y por, [EN] With the growing crop development pomegranate characterization of some new plant materials Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) compared to the classical and indigenous materials in culture in our areas of more extensive and regular planting arises. This characterization is performed from the point of view of plant material as the basic chemical composition of the juice obtained Granada. Be part of pomegranate cultivars established in the area of Elche, as it is the region with the highest production of all the Spanish Mediterranean area. They have been selected as the basis for this TFG (Final Project) four pomegranate cultivars most important, these being the Acco, Mollar, Valencia and Wonderful cultivars. Were collected during the campaign 2013/2014 various fruit and leaf samples for the studies presented. With fruit samples were performed measurements of the parameters that can make the difference between fruit cultivars under study, such as weight, length and width measurements of the fruits and calyx. Because consumer interest lies in the seeds, where consumer demands require little seed pinion and that the latter is slightly woody, measurements were made of the length and width of the seed, and subsequently the aryl and mode to check whether there is a relationship between the two. While these measurements have been made the material under study is evaluated following the standard UPOV (International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants) and fruit juice, which the volume obtained per fruit was also measured, and degrees Brix and acidity, all with the aim of checking its suitability for possible use in the food industry. Due to the growing interest in the cultivation of Granada for their properties to the world of food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and its anthocyanin content has been obtained juice samples for analysis to observe the amount of anthocyanins characteristic of each of the cultivars studied. Plant material is characterized by follow

[ES] Ante el creciente desarrollo del cultivo del granado se plantea la caracterización de algunos materiales vegetales nuevos de granado (Punica granatum L.) en comparación con los materiales clásicos y autóctonos en cultivo en nuestras áreas de plantación más extensas y habituales. Dicha caracterización se realizará tanto desde el punto de vista del material vegetal como de la composición química básica del zumo de granada obtenido. Se parte de cultivares de granado establecidos en la zona de Elche, ya que es la comarca con mayor producción de toda la vertiente mediterránea española. Se han seleccionado como base para este TFG (Trabajo Final de Grado) los cuatro cultivares de granado de mayor importancia, siendo éstos los cultivares Acco, Mollar, Valencia y Wonderful. Se han recolectado durante la campaña 2013/2014 diversas muestras de frutos y hojas para realizar los estudios que se presentan. Con las muestras de fruta se han realizado mediciones de aquellos parámetros que puedan marcar diferencias entre los frutos de los cultivares en estudio, tales como el peso, medidas de longitud y ancho de los frutos y del cáliz. Debido a que el mayor interés de consumo se encuentra en las semillas, donde las exigencias del consumidor demandan semillas con poco piñón y que éste se encuentre poco lignificado, se han realizado mediciones de longitud y anchura de la semilla y posteriormente del arilo y de este modo poder comprobar si existe relación entre ambas. A la vez que se han realizado estas mediciones se evalúa el material en estudio siguiendo la norma UPOV (Unión Internacional para la Protección de las Obtenciones Vegetales) de la fruta y del zumo, del que también se mide el volumen obtenido por fruto, y los grados brix y acidez, todo ello con el objetivo de comprobar su adecuación para su posible uso en la industria agroalimentaria. Debido al creciente interés del cultivo de la granada por sus propiedades para el mundo de la alimentación, sanidad, los cosméticos y por, [EN] With the growing crop development pomegranate characterization of some new plant materials Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) compared to the classical and indigenous materials in culture in our areas of more extensive and regular planting arises. This characterization is performed from the point of view of plant material as the basic chemical composition of the juice obtained Granada. Be part of pomegranate cultivars established in the area of Elche, as it is the region with the highest production of all the Spanish Mediterranean area. They have been selected as the basis for this TFG (Final Project) four pomegranate cultivars most important, these being the Acco, Mollar, Valencia and Wonderful cultivars. Were collected during the campaign 2013/2014 various fruit and leaf samples for the studies presented. With fruit samples were performed measurements of the parameters that can make the difference between fruit cultivars under study, such as weight, length and width measurements of the fruits and calyx. Because consumer interest lies in the seeds, where consumer demands require little seed pinion and that the latter is slightly woody, measurements were made of the length and width of the seed, and subsequently the aryl and mode to check whether there is a relationship between the two. While these measurements have been made the material under study is evaluated following the standard UPOV (International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants) and fruit juice, which the volume obtained per fruit was also measured, and degrees Brix and acidity, all with the aim of checking its suitability for possible use in the food industry. Due to the growing interest in the cultivation of Granada for their properties to the world of food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and its anthocyanin content has been obtained juice samples for analysis to observe the amount of anthocyanins characteristic of each of the cultivars studied. Plant material is characterized by follow

[ EN ] The olive tree is a crop of growing importance worldwide, in the last ten years their acreage has increased more than 15%.Consumption of olive oil has gone from being located in the Mediterranean area to expand into the rest of the world, being today, a product of global consumption. Spain in 2005, established itself as the leading producer and exporter of olive oil, a trend that continues to date. The varietal richness in the Iberian Peninsula is huge, with over 270 different crops, however, one of the consequences brought by the modernization of olive growing has been the standardization of the cultivars used, a small group of cultivars more uniform and generally much more productive has replaced a huge mosaic of heterogeneous local cultivars. The conservation of the local crops as an example for agricultural diversity becomes a priority for the agriculture of the twenty-first century. The main object of this TFG is to compare three local cultivars of olive (Serrana, Morruda and Cuquillo) with the cultivar Picual, currently the largest in the world, thus, contributing to the knowledge and recovery of the native material which is adapted ecologically and environmentally to our culture conditions, and, helping to safeguard the gene heritage of the species. We will comparatively analyze the evolution of these four cultivars in the town of Viver ( Castellon), during the pre-industrial harvesting months, establishing differences, on the one hand, at the fruit level and, on the other, at the varietal oils obtained. The characterization of the cultivars will be in accordance with the parameters established by the UPOV protocol and widen by the colorimetric study of their oils with the ABT scale (bromothymol blue)., [ES] El olivo es un cultivo de importancia creciente a nivel mundial, en los últimos años su superficie de cultivo ha aumentado más de un 15%. El consumo de aceite de oliva ha pasado de estar localizado en el Área Mediterránea a expandirse por el resto del mundo, siendo a día de hoy, un producto de consumo global. España en 2005, se consolidó como el primer país productor y exportador de aceite de oliva, tendencia que se mantiene hasta la fecha. La riqueza varietal del olivo en la Península Ibérica es amplísima, contando con más de 270 cultivares diferentes, sin embargo, una de las consecuencias que ha traído consigo la modernización de la olivicultura ha sido la uniformización de los cultivares utilizados, un pequeño grupo de cultivares más uniformes y en general mucho más productivos ha sustituido a un enorme mosaico de cultivares locales en ocasiones heterogéneos. Conservar los cultivares de cultivo locales como ejemplo de protección de la biodiversidad agrícola se convierte pues en una prioridad para la agricultura del siglo XXI. El objetivo principal de este TGF es el de comparar tres cultivares locales de aceituna ( Serrana, Morruda y Cuquillo) con el cultivar picual, actualmente el más importante a nivel mundial contribuyendo con ello al conocimiento y recuperación del material pomológicamente autóctono y adaptado eco ambientalmente a nuestras condiciones de cultivo y colaborando a salvaguardar el patrimonio genético de la especie. Analizaremos comparativamente la evolución de estos cuatro cultivares en la población de Viver (Castellón), durante los meses previos a la recolección industrial y estableceremos diferencias tanto a nivel del fruto como de los aceites mono varietales obtenidos. La caracterización de los cultivares se realizará de acuerdo a los parámetros establecidos por el protocolo pomológico UPOV ampliándola mediante el estudio colorimétrico de sus aceites siguiendo como protocolo utilizado la técnica basada en la escala de índices del método AB

[ EN ] The olive tree is a crop of growing importance worldwide, in the last ten years their acreage has increased more than 15%.Consumption of olive oil has gone from being located in the Mediterranean area to expand into the rest of the world, being today, a product of global consumption. Spain in 2005, established itself as the leading producer and exporter of olive oil, a trend that continues to date. The varietal richness in the Iberian Peninsula is huge, with over 270 different crops, however, one of the consequences brought by the modernization of olive growing has been the standardization of the cultivars used, a small group of cultivars more uniform and generally much more productive has replaced a huge mosaic of heterogeneous local cultivars. The conservation of the local crops as an example for agricultural diversity becomes a priority for the agriculture of the twenty-first century. The main object of this TFG is to compare three local cultivars of olive (Serrana, Morruda and Cuquillo) with the cultivar Picual, currently the largest in the world, thus, contributing to the knowledge and recovery of the native material which is adapted ecologically and environmentally to our culture conditions, and, helping to safeguard the gene heritage of the species. We will comparatively analyze the evolution of these four cultivars in the town of Viver ( Castellon), during the pre-industrial harvesting months, establishing differences, on the one hand, at the fruit level and, on the other, at the varietal oils obtained. The characterization of the cultivars will be in accordance with the parameters established by the UPOV protocol and widen by the colorimetric study of their oils with the ABT scale (bromothymol blue)., [ES] El olivo es un cultivo de importancia creciente a nivel mundial, en los últimos años su superficie de cultivo ha aumentado más de un 15%. El consumo de aceite de oliva ha pasado de estar localizado en el Área Mediterránea a expandirse por el resto del mundo, siendo a día de hoy, un producto de consumo global. España en 2005, se consolidó como el primer país productor y exportador de aceite de oliva, tendencia que se mantiene hasta la fecha. La riqueza varietal del olivo en la Península Ibérica es amplísima, contando con más de 270 cultivares diferentes, sin embargo, una de las consecuencias que ha traído consigo la modernización de la olivicultura ha sido la uniformización de los cultivares utilizados, un pequeño grupo de cultivares más uniformes y en general mucho más productivos ha sustituido a un enorme mosaico de cultivares locales en ocasiones heterogéneos. Conservar los cultivares de cultivo locales como ejemplo de protección de la biodiversidad agrícola se convierte pues en una prioridad para la agricultura del siglo XXI. El objetivo principal de este TGF es el de comparar tres cultivares locales de aceituna ( Serrana, Morruda y Cuquillo) con el cultivar picual, actualmente el más importante a nivel mundial contribuyendo con ello al conocimiento y recuperación del material pomológicamente autóctono y adaptado eco ambientalmente a nuestras condiciones de cultivo y colaborando a salvaguardar el patrimonio genético de la especie. Analizaremos comparativamente la evolución de estos cuatro cultivares en la población de Viver (Castellón), durante los meses previos a la recolección industrial y estableceremos diferencias tanto a nivel del fruto como de los aceites mono varietales obtenidos. La caracterización de los cultivares se realizará de acuerdo a los parámetros establecidos por el protocolo pomológico UPOV ampliándola mediante el estudio colorimétrico de sus aceites siguiendo como protocolo utilizado la técnica basada en la escala de índices del método AB

[ EN ] The olive tree is a crop of growing importance worldwide, in the last ten years their acreage has increased more than 15%.Consumption of olive oil has gone from being located in the Mediterranean area to expand into the rest of the world, being today, a product of global consumption. Spain in 2005, established itself as the leading producer and exporter of olive oil, a trend that continues to date. The varietal richness in the Iberian Peninsula is huge, with over 270 different crops, however, one of the consequences brought by the modernization of olive growing has been the standardization of the cultivars used, a small group of cultivars more uniform and generally much more productive has replaced a huge mosaic of heterogeneous local cultivars. The conservation of the local crops as an example for agricultural diversity becomes a priority for the agriculture of the twenty-first century. The main object of this TFG is to compare three local cultivars of olive (Serrana, Morruda and Cuquillo) with the cultivar Picual, currently the largest in the world, thus, contributing to the knowledge and recovery of the native material which is adapted ecologically and environmentally to our culture conditions, and, helping to safeguard the gene heritage of the species. We will comparatively analyze the evolution of these four cultivars in the town of Viver ( Castellon), during the pre-industrial harvesting months, establishing differences, on the one hand, at the fruit level and, on the other, at the varietal oils obtained. The characterization of the cultivars will be in accordance with the parameters established by the UPOV protocol and widen by the colorimetric study of their oils with the ABT scale (bromothymol blue)., [ES] El olivo es un cultivo de importancia creciente a nivel mundial, en los últimos años su superficie de cultivo ha aumentado más de un 15%. El consumo de aceite de oliva ha pasado de estar localizado en el Área Mediterránea a expandirse por el resto del mundo, siendo a día de hoy, un producto de consumo global. España en 2005, se consolidó como el primer país productor y exportador de aceite de oliva, tendencia que se mantiene hasta la fecha. La riqueza varietal del olivo en la Península Ibérica es amplísima, contando con más de 270 cultivares diferentes, sin embargo, una de las consecuencias que ha traído consigo la modernización de la olivicultura ha sido la uniformización de los cultivares utilizados, un pequeño grupo de cultivares más uniformes y en general mucho más productivos ha sustituido a un enorme mosaico de cultivares locales en ocasiones heterogéneos. Conservar los cultivares de cultivo locales como ejemplo de protección de la biodiversidad agrícola se convierte pues en una prioridad para la agricultura del siglo XXI. El objetivo principal de este TGF es el de comparar tres cultivares locales de aceituna ( Serrana, Morruda y Cuquillo) con el cultivar picual, actualmente el más importante a nivel mundial contribuyendo con ello al conocimiento y recuperación del material pomológicamente autóctono y adaptado eco ambientalmente a nuestras condiciones de cultivo y colaborando a salvaguardar el patrimonio genético de la especie. Analizaremos comparativamente la evolución de estos cuatro cultivares en la población de Viver (Castellón), durante los meses previos a la recolección industrial y estableceremos diferencias tanto a nivel del fruto como de los aceites mono varietales obtenidos. La caracterización de los cultivares se realizará de acuerdo a los parámetros establecidos por el protocolo pomológico UPOV ampliándola mediante el estudio colorimétrico de sus aceites siguiendo como protocolo utilizado la técnica basada en la escala de índices del método AB

[ EN ] The olive tree is a crop of growing importance worldwide, in the last ten years their acreage has increased more than 15%.Consumption of olive oil has gone from being located in the Mediterranean area to expand into the rest of the world, being today, a product of global consumption. Spain in 2005, established itself as the leading producer and exporter of olive oil, a trend that continues to date. The varietal richness in the Iberian Peninsula is huge, with over 270 different crops, however, one of the consequences brought by the modernization of olive growing has been the standardization of the cultivars used, a small group of cultivars more uniform and generally much more productive has replaced a huge mosaic of heterogeneous local cultivars. The conservation of the local crops as an example for agricultural diversity becomes a priority for the agriculture of the twenty-first century. The main object of this TFG is to compare three local cultivars of olive (Serrana, Morruda and Cuquillo) with the cultivar Picual, currently the largest in the world, thus, contributing to the knowledge and recovery of the native material which is adapted ecologically and environmentally to our culture conditions, and, helping to safeguard the gene heritage of the species. We will comparatively analyze the evolution of these four cultivars in the town of Viver ( Castellon), during the pre-industrial harvesting months, establishing differences, on the one hand, at the fruit level and, on the other, at the varietal oils obtained. The characterization of the cultivars will be in accordance with the parameters established by the UPOV protocol and widen by the colorimetric study of their oils with the ABT scale (bromothymol blue)., [ES] El olivo es un cultivo de importancia creciente a nivel mundial, en los últimos años su superficie de cultivo ha aumentado más de un 15%. El consumo de aceite de oliva ha pasado de estar localizado en el Área Mediterránea a expandirse por el resto del mundo, siendo a día de hoy, un producto de consumo global. España en 2005, se consolidó como el primer país productor y exportador de aceite de oliva, tendencia que se mantiene hasta la fecha. La riqueza varietal del olivo en la Península Ibérica es amplísima, contando con más de 270 cultivares diferentes, sin embargo, una de las consecuencias que ha traído consigo la modernización de la olivicultura ha sido la uniformización de los cultivares utilizados, un pequeño grupo de cultivares más uniformes y en general mucho más productivos ha sustituido a un enorme mosaico de cultivares locales en ocasiones heterogéneos. Conservar los cultivares de cultivo locales como ejemplo de protección de la biodiversidad agrícola se convierte pues en una prioridad para la agricultura del siglo XXI. El objetivo principal de este TGF es el de comparar tres cultivares locales de aceituna ( Serrana, Morruda y Cuquillo) con el cultivar picual, actualmente el más importante a nivel mundial contribuyendo con ello al conocimiento y recuperación del material pomológicamente autóctono y adaptado eco ambientalmente a nuestras condiciones de cultivo y colaborando a salvaguardar el patrimonio genético de la especie. Analizaremos comparativamente la evolución de estos cuatro cultivares en la población de Viver (Castellón), durante los meses previos a la recolección industrial y estableceremos diferencias tanto a nivel del fruto como de los aceites mono varietales obtenidos. La caracterización de los cultivares se realizará de acuerdo a los parámetros establecidos por el protocolo pomológico UPOV ampliándola mediante el estudio colorimétrico de sus aceites siguiendo como protocolo utilizado la técnica basada en la escala de índices del método AB

This article presents thoughts about an environmental history on monocultures of soy and fruits in the temperate climate of Southern Brazil since the 1950s. It looks to discuss some theoretical-methodological concepts and sources related to fruit farming in temperate climate and of the culture of soy in the region. This article attempts to establish a dialogue between environmental, technological and rural history, connecting the intersecting points between these areas starting from cases of regional environmental history, Este artigo apresenta reflexões sobre uma história ambiental das monoculturas de soja e frutas de clima temperado no sul do Brasil desde os anos 1950. Busca pontuar alguns conceitos teórico-metodológicos e fontes ligados à fruticultura de clima temperado e à sojicultura na região. Pretende estabelecer um diálogo entre história ambiental, história da tecnologia e história rural, traçando os pontos de intersecções entre esses campos a partir de casos de história ambiental regional, Este artículo presenta reflexiones sobre una historia ambiental de las monoculturas de soya y frutas de clima temperado en el Sur de Brasil desde los años 1950. Busca puntualizar algunos conceptos teórico-metodológicos y fuentes relacionadas a la fruticultura del clima templado y a la cultura de la soya en la región. Se pretende establecer un diálogo entre historia ambiental, historia de la tecnología e historia rural, trazando los puntos de intersección entre esos campos a partir de casos de la historia ambiental regional

This article presents thoughts about an environmental history on monocultures of soy and fruits in the temperate climate of Southern Brazil since the 1950s. It looks to discuss some theoretical-methodological concepts and sources related to fruit farming in temperate climate and of the culture of soy in the region. This article attempts to establish a dialogue between environmental, technological and rural history, connecting the intersecting points between these areas starting from cases of regional environmental history, Este artigo apresenta reflexões sobre uma história ambiental das monoculturas de soja e frutas de clima temperado no sul do Brasil desde os anos 1950. Busca pontuar alguns conceitos teórico-metodológicos e fontes ligados à fruticultura de clima temperado e à sojicultura na região. Pretende estabelecer um diálogo entre história ambiental, história da tecnologia e história rural, traçando os pontos de intersecções entre esses campos a partir de casos de história ambiental regional, Este artículo presenta reflexiones sobre una historia ambiental de las monoculturas de soya y frutas de clima temperado en el Sur de Brasil desde los años 1950. Busca puntualizar algunos conceptos teórico-metodológicos y fuentes relacionadas a la fruticultura del clima templado y a la cultura de la soya en la región. Se pretende establecer un diálogo entre historia ambiental, historia de la tecnología e historia rural, trazando los puntos de intersección entre esos campos a partir de casos de la historia ambiental regional

[ES] El objetivo principal de este proyecto es crear un área de recreo, descanso y disfrute para el municipio de Rocafort, en un amplio rango de edades. Para ello se han diseñado numerosas y variadas instalaciones, para el juego de los más pequeños, la práctica del deporte, el ejercicio saludable y el descanso en amplias áreas estanciales. Este proyecto abarca tanto la creación de diferentes zonas verdes, aprovechando la flora de la zona combinándola con otras especies adaptadas al medio.

[ES] El objetivo principal de este proyecto es crear un área de recreo, descanso y disfrute para el municipio de Rocafort, en un amplio rango de edades. Para ello se han diseñado numerosas y variadas instalaciones, para el juego de los más pequeños, la práctica del deporte, el ejercicio saludable y el descanso en amplias áreas estanciales. Este proyecto abarca tanto la creación de diferentes zonas verdes, aprovechando la flora de la zona combinándola con otras especies adaptadas al medio.

[ES] El objetivo principal de este proyecto es crear un área de recreo, descanso y disfrute para el municipio de Rocafort, en un amplio rango de edades. Para ello se han diseñado numerosas y variadas instalaciones, para el juego de los más pequeños, la práctica del deporte, el ejercicio saludable y el descanso en amplias áreas estanciales. Este proyecto abarca tanto la creación de diferentes zonas verdes, aprovechando la flora de la zona combinándola con otras especies adaptadas al medio.

[ES] El objetivo principal de este proyecto es crear un área de recreo, descanso y disfrute para el municipio de Rocafort, en un amplio rango de edades. Para ello se han diseñado numerosas y variadas instalaciones, para el juego de los más pequeños, la práctica del deporte, el ejercicio saludable y el descanso en amplias áreas estanciales. Este proyecto abarca tanto la creación de diferentes zonas verdes, aprovechando la flora de la zona combinándola con otras especies adaptadas al medio.

The process of open markets has created import changes in the Mexican agriculture sector, very much noted in the so called crop pattern, the institutional frame that guides the agro–productive commercial relationships and trade organization. The agriculture in the Northwest region, particularly La Costa de Hermosillo in the State of Sonora and southern Baja in Baja Peninsula, shows a big transformation. This corresponds to Global Production Networks (gpn), a vertical integration with intensive extraterritorial interaction resulting in a process of productive escalation that favors; learning and the creation of new competitive capabilities indispensable to comply with high standards in international markets. These capabilities are reflected in improvements in product quality, productive efficiency and the development of new functions for the players involved in the production and trade of produce. It also reflects the transition to more sophisticated productive units where players are located in other territories. This study focuses on analyzing the roll of gpn in the transformation of the agricultural sector in the northwest region of Mexico, particularly the process that took place in modernizing both places., El proceso de apertura comercial ha propiciado importantes cambios en el agro mexicano; muy notorios en el patrón de cultivos y en el marco institucional que ordena las relaciones de producción y comercialización del campo. La agricultura del noroeste de México, en particular la ubicada en la Costa de Hermosillo en el estado de Sonora y la del sur de Baja California Sur, exhibe evidentes transformaciones. Éstas se enmarcan dentro de la operación de las llamadas “redes globales de producción” (rgp) y en el contexto de un proceso de integración vertical que deriva en intensas interacciones extraterritoriales que propician el escalamiento competitivo. En ese sentido, el aprendizaje y la creación de nuevas habilidades productivas son indispensables para cumplir con los estándares de calidad exigidos en los mercados globalizados. Se compite en el mercado mundial sólo si existen innovaciones en el producto, en las funciones de los actores involucrados en la producción y comercialización agropecuaria y también se compite si se generan innovaciones a nivel del proceso. En las regiones agrícolas referidas es visible el paso hacia unidades de producción más sofisticadas, donde intervienen actores cuya actividad central se localiza en otros territorios. Este estudio analiza el papel de las rgp en la transformación del campo del noroeste de México. En particular, el objetivo es analizar justamente el proceso mediante el cual se modernizó la agricultura de ambas subregiones.

Ten wild growing sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) genotypes from South-East Serbia with different fruit skin color were analyzed for its phenological, morphological and chemical traits. Agronomic evaluation of germplasm accessions revealed considerable diversity among different accessions for all the characters studied. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among all genotypes for almost all examined properties. Cluster analysis showed adequate grouping of wild sweet cherry genotypes according to pomological characterization and distinguished them into two distinct groups. The first group had two subgroups and consisted of seven genotypes, while the second one included only three accessions. Despite of the significant differences among genotypes, the total concentration of phenols made a clear separation between the clusters. The level of genetic diversity in these wild sweet cherry genotypes is very high and therefore these trees are useful sources of variability for attributes studied and can be employed in further breeding programs or conservation., U ovom radu ispitivane su fenološke, morfološke i hemijske osobine deset genotipova divlje trešnje (Prunus avium L.) različite boje pokožice, poreklom iz jugoistočne Srbije. Izučavanjem ove germplazme otkriven je značajan biodiverzitet između ispitivanih biljaka. Analiza varijanse otkrila je značajne razlike između genotipova za skoro sve proučavane osobine. Klaster analizom genotipovi divlje trešnje su grupisani i na osnovu pomološke kategorizacije su izdvojene dve grupe. Prva grupa je sadržala dve podgrupe i obuhvatala je sedam genotipova, dok je drugoj pripadalo samo tri genotipa. Bez obzira na značajne razlike ovakva podela između proučavanih biljaka je izvršena na osnovu koncentracije ukupnih fenola. Nivo genetičkog diverziteta kod proučavanih genotipova divlje trešnje je veoma visok i zbog toga ova stabla su koristan izvor varijabilnosti za proučavane osobine i mogu se koristiti u budućim oplemenjivačkim programima pri ukrštanju između sorti i divljih genotipova.

Ten wild growing sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) genotypes from South-East Serbia with different fruit skin color were analyzed for its phenological, morphological and chemical traits. Agronomic evaluation of germplasm accessions revealed considerable diversity among different accessions for all the characters studied. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among all genotypes for almost all examined properties. Cluster analysis showed adequate grouping of wild sweet cherry genotypes according to pomological characterization and distinguished them into two distinct groups. The first group had two subgroups and consisted of seven genotypes, while the second one included only three accessions. Despite of the significant differences among genotypes, the total concentration of phenols made a clear separation between the clusters. The level of genetic diversity in these wild sweet cherry genotypes is very high and therefore these trees are useful sources of variability for attributes studied and can be employed in further breeding programs or conservation., U ovom radu ispitivane su fenološke, morfološke i hemijske osobine deset genotipova divlje trešnje (Prunus avium L.) različite boje pokožice, poreklom iz jugoistočne Srbije. Izučavanjem ove germplazme otkriven je značajan biodiverzitet između ispitivanih biljaka. Analiza varijanse otkrila je značajne razlike između genotipova za skoro sve proučavane osobine. Klaster analizom genotipovi divlje trešnje su grupisani i na osnovu pomološke kategorizacije su izdvojene dve grupe. Prva grupa je sadržala dve podgrupe i obuhvatala je sedam genotipova, dok je drugoj pripadalo samo tri genotipa. Bez obzira na značajne razlike ovakva podela između proučavanih biljaka je izvršena na osnovu koncentracije ukupnih fenola. Nivo genetičkog diverziteta kod proučavanih genotipova divlje trešnje je veoma visok i zbog toga ova stabla su koristan izvor varijabilnosti za proučavane osobine i mogu se koristiti u budućim oplemenjivačkim programima pri ukrštanju između sorti i divljih genotipova.

From the progeny obtained by open-pollination of J. H. Hale cultivar, five midle late or late ripening hybrids were selected. During 1995 and 1996 important pomological properties of those hybrids were examined. Based on results of discriminant analysis, in the case when yield was taken as the most important character, the following order of hybrids was obtained: AO 21; AO 3; AO 10; AO 14; AO 6. When fruit weight was taken as the most important character, the following order of hybrids was obtained: AO 14; AO 6; AO 10; AO 21; AO 3, and when total sugar content was taken as the most important property, hybrids were classified as follow: AO 21; AO 3; AO 10; AO 6; AO 14.

The state of Virginia was analyzed to establish its suitability for grape culture. This investigation occurred in two phases: a small scale analysis that encompassed the entire state, and a large scale analysis which focused on site selection at the local level. After identifying regions across the state in terms of their viticulture potential, a study area was chosen from within the highest ranking region. This study area was the focus for the local-scale site potential analysis. First, to delineate regions across Virginia that had greater or lesser viticulture potential from a physical and climatological basis, weather station data were collected for minimum winter temperatures, maximum summer temperatures, precipitation, length of growing season, and day versus night temperature differentials. In addition, elevation and slope models were constructed to complement the climatic variables in identifying areas that contained factors most conducive to grape production. To validate this regional assessment, the history of fruit industries within the state are outlined geographically to display the evolution of the fruit industries, and to establish the factors which have shaped the current fruit landscape. Secondly, at the local scale, a Geographic Information System (GIS) approach was used to identify sites at the county scale that had greater or lesser viticulture potential from a physical basis. Composite maps, constructed by individual counties in the state, were produced from a series of physical databases. The individual databases (sources and resolution in parentheses) included land-use (Virginia Gap Analysis; 30meter2 resolution), slope, aspect, and elevation (USGS 1:24,000 Digital Elevation Model; 30meter2), and soils data (USGS Digital Line Graph (DLG-3)). Each physical feature layer was given a numerical classification, then all layers were combined to produce a 0 to 100 scale in the final, composite image. Given this model of potential

From the progeny obtained by open-pollination of J. H. Hale cultivar, five midle late or late ripening hybrids were selected. During 1995 and 1996 important pomological properties of those hybrids were examined. Based on results of discriminant analysis, in the case when yield was taken as the most important character, the following order of hybrids was obtained: AO 21; AO 3; AO 10; AO 14; AO 6. When fruit weight was taken as the most important character, the following order of hybrids was obtained: AO 14; AO 6; AO 10; AO 21; AO 3, and when total sugar content was taken as the most important property, hybrids were classified as follow: AO 21; AO 3; AO 10; AO 6; AO 14.