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The environment consists of the air, water, and land as well as the interactions between them, humans, other living things, plants, microorganisms, and property. Globally, the environment affects the health of people, animals, and plants. Because of our superior intelligence, it is our responsibility to safeguard the environment from harmful pollution. The issues of global warming, climate change, health risks, depletion of natural resources such as forests and water supplies, and strain on biological diversity.Students studying climate change can learn the fundamental scientific underpinnings of climate change management from the Environment and Climate Change book. Students will gain knowledge of national and international strategies for managing climate change, as outlined in international agreements, national laws, and voluntary initiatives. The book explains how to achieve a low-carbon economy, including green finance, as well as mitigation and adaptation strategies, as well as tracking and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions.This book offers a thorough understanding of the fundamentals of climate change, biodiversity changes, and phytosociological changes. As a result, it offers a comprehensive range of solutions to address a variety of environmental and climate change-related problems. Researchers, legislators, academics, environmentalists, and college students would all benefit from this book.

BACKGROUND: During the past decade, the concept of Lean has spread rapidly within the healthcare sector, but there is a lack of instruments that can measure staff's perceptions of Lean adoption. Thus, the aim of the present study was to develop a questionnaire measuring Lean in healthcare, based on Liker's description of Lean, by adapting an existing instrument developed for the service sector. METHODS: A mixed-method design was used. Initially, items from the service sector instrument were categorized according to Liker's 14 principles describing Lean within four domains: philosophy, processes, people and partners and problem-solving. Items were lacking for three of Liker's principles and were therefore developed de novo. Think-aloud interviews were conducted with 12 healthcare staff from different professions to contextualize and examine the face validity of the questionnaire prototype. Thereafter, the adjusted questionnaire's psychometric properties were assessed on the basis of a cross-sectional survey among 386 staff working in primary care. RESULTS: The think-aloud interviews led to adjustments in the questionnaire to better suit a healthcare context, and the number of items was reduced. Confirmatory factor analysis of the adjusted questionnaire showed a generally acceptable correspondence with Liker's description of Lean. Internal consistency, measured using Cronbach's alpha, for the factors in Liker's description of Lean was 0.60 for the factor people and partners, and over 0.70 for the three other factors. Test-retest reliability measured by the intra-class correlation coefficient ranged from 0.77 to 0.88 for the four factors. CONCLUSIONS: We designed a questionnaire capturing staff's perceptions of Lean adoption in healthcare on the basis of Liker's description. This Lean in Healthcare Questionnaire (LiHcQ) showed generally acceptable psychometric properties, which supports its usability for measuring Lean adoption in healthcare. We suggest that further re

BACKGROUND: During the past decade, the concept of Lean has spread rapidly within the healthcare sector, but there is a lack of instruments that can measure staff's perceptions of Lean adoption. Thus, the aim of the present study was to develop a questionnaire measuring Lean in healthcare, based on Liker's description of Lean, by adapting an existing instrument developed for the service sector. METHODS: A mixed-method design was used. Initially, items from the service sector instrument were categorized according to Liker's 14 principles describing Lean within four domains: philosophy, processes, people and partners and problem-solving. Items were lacking for three of Liker's principles and were therefore developed de novo. Think-aloud interviews were conducted with 12 healthcare staff from different professions to contextualize and examine the face validity of the questionnaire prototype. Thereafter, the adjusted questionnaire's psychometric properties were assessed on the basis of a cross-sectional survey among 386 staff working in primary care. RESULTS: The think-aloud interviews led to adjustments in the questionnaire to better suit a healthcare context, and the number of items was reduced. Confirmatory factor analysis of the adjusted questionnaire showed a generally acceptable correspondence with Liker's description of Lean. Internal consistency, measured using Cronbach's alpha, for the factors in Liker's description of Lean was 0.60 for the factor people and partners, and over 0.70 for the three other factors. Test-retest reliability measured by the intra-class correlation coefficient ranged from 0.77 to 0.88 for the four factors. CONCLUSIONS: We designed a questionnaire capturing staff's perceptions of Lean adoption in healthcare on the basis of Liker's description. This Lean in Healthcare Questionnaire (LiHcQ) showed generally acceptable psychometric properties, which supports its usability for measuring Lean adoption in healthcare. We suggest that further re

BACKGROUND: During the past decade, the concept of Lean has spread rapidly within the healthcare sector, but there is a lack of instruments that can measure staff's perceptions of Lean adoption. Thus, the aim of the present study was to develop a questionnaire measuring Lean in healthcare, based on Liker's description of Lean, by adapting an existing instrument developed for the service sector. METHODS: A mixed-method design was used. Initially, items from the service sector instrument were categorized according to Liker's 14 principles describing Lean within four domains: philosophy, processes, people and partners and problem-solving. Items were lacking for three of Liker's principles and were therefore developed de novo. Think-aloud interviews were conducted with 12 healthcare staff from different professions to contextualize and examine the face validity of the questionnaire prototype. Thereafter, the adjusted questionnaire's psychometric properties were assessed on the basis of a cross-sectional survey among 386 staff working in primary care. RESULTS: The think-aloud interviews led to adjustments in the questionnaire to better suit a healthcare context, and the number of items was reduced. Confirmatory factor analysis of the adjusted questionnaire showed a generally acceptable correspondence with Liker's description of Lean. Internal consistency, measured using Cronbach's alpha, for the factors in Liker's description of Lean was 0.60 for the factor people and partners, and over 0.70 for the three other factors. Test-retest reliability measured by the intra-class correlation coefficient ranged from 0.77 to 0.88 for the four factors. CONCLUSIONS: We designed a questionnaire capturing staff's perceptions of Lean adoption in healthcare on the basis of Liker's description. This Lean in Healthcare Questionnaire (LiHcQ) showed generally acceptable psychometric properties, which supports its usability for measuring Lean adoption in healthcare. We suggest that further re

BACKGROUND: During the past decade, the concept of Lean has spread rapidly within the healthcare sector, but there is a lack of instruments that can measure staff's perceptions of Lean adoption. Thus, the aim of the present study was to develop a questionnaire measuring Lean in healthcare, based on Liker's description of Lean, by adapting an existing instrument developed for the service sector. METHODS: A mixed-method design was used. Initially, items from the service sector instrument were categorized according to Liker's 14 principles describing Lean within four domains: philosophy, processes, people and partners and problem-solving. Items were lacking for three of Liker's principles and were therefore developed de novo. Think-aloud interviews were conducted with 12 healthcare staff from different professions to contextualize and examine the face validity of the questionnaire prototype. Thereafter, the adjusted questionnaire's psychometric properties were assessed on the basis of a cross-sectional survey among 386 staff working in primary care. RESULTS: The think-aloud interviews led to adjustments in the questionnaire to better suit a healthcare context, and the number of items was reduced. Confirmatory factor analysis of the adjusted questionnaire showed a generally acceptable correspondence with Liker's description of Lean. Internal consistency, measured using Cronbach's alpha, for the factors in Liker's description of Lean was 0.60 for the factor people and partners, and over 0.70 for the three other factors. Test-retest reliability measured by the intra-class correlation coefficient ranged from 0.77 to 0.88 for the four factors. CONCLUSIONS: We designed a questionnaire capturing staff's perceptions of Lean adoption in healthcare on the basis of Liker's description. This Lean in Healthcare Questionnaire (LiHcQ) showed generally acceptable psychometric properties, which supports its usability for measuring Lean adoption in healthcare. We suggest that further re

BACKGROUND: During the past decade, the concept of Lean has spread rapidly within the healthcare sector, but there is a lack of instruments that can measure staff's perceptions of Lean adoption. Thus, the aim of the present study was to develop a questionnaire measuring Lean in healthcare, based on Liker's description of Lean, by adapting an existing instrument developed for the service sector. METHODS: A mixed-method design was used. Initially, items from the service sector instrument were categorized according to Liker's 14 principles describing Lean within four domains: philosophy, processes, people and partners and problem-solving. Items were lacking for three of Liker's principles and were therefore developed de novo. Think-aloud interviews were conducted with 12 healthcare staff from different professions to contextualize and examine the face validity of the questionnaire prototype. Thereafter, the adjusted questionnaire's psychometric properties were assessed on the basis of a cross-sectional survey among 386 staff working in primary care. RESULTS: The think-aloud interviews led to adjustments in the questionnaire to better suit a healthcare context, and the number of items was reduced. Confirmatory factor analysis of the adjusted questionnaire showed a generally acceptable correspondence with Liker's description of Lean. Internal consistency, measured using Cronbach's alpha, for the factors in Liker's description of Lean was 0.60 for the factor people and partners, and over 0.70 for the three other factors. Test-retest reliability measured by the intra-class correlation coefficient ranged from 0.77 to 0.88 for the four factors. CONCLUSIONS: We designed a questionnaire capturing staff's perceptions of Lean adoption in healthcare on the basis of Liker's description. This Lean in Healthcare Questionnaire (LiHcQ) showed generally acceptable psychometric properties, which supports its usability for measuring Lean adoption in healthcare. We suggest that further re

Purpose of this research was to explore the incidence, characteristics and consequences of blame-related distress and its relationship to moral distress. An instrument was created and validated and a conceptual model proposed for relating blame to similar constructs among clinical staff working in acute care.

Introduction: Surveys on working conditions and health at work have proven to be reliable for gathering information about occupational risk factors instrument; these have been carried out at the international and Latin American level by recognized bodies, collecting data relevant importance for the establishment of a country situational analysis in occupational safety and health, and for public policy. In Ecuador, until this year it has not conducted a survey focused on this subject. Objective: Design the First Survey on Conditions of Safety and Health at Work for Ecuador (I ECSST-E), which serve as a model for gathering information to know the risk factors at work, their impact on population health Ecuadorian worker and to permit comparison of results with those of international surveys. Methodology: The survey by researchers at the Universidad Internacional SEK was designed, in 3 sequential phases that required the participation of 40 researchers and experts in the field, in collaboration with university and private sector professionals institutions, the design was structured looking fit the context the country as well as international standards and Latin American surveys, for which a comprehensive literature review and documentary and structural consultation and surveys related work was performed. Results: The survey resulted in 79 variables (questions) related to perceived health worker and occupational risk factors, you were derived from the consensus that the group of researchers and experts came through the three phases of design. 7 dimensions (socio-demographic and employment, conditions of employment, occupational safety, industrial hygiene, ergonomics, psychosocial and occupational health), 26 sub-dimensions that led to 79 questions that formed the survey were determined. Conclusions: In this sense, the present model survey on safety and occupational health aims to contribute modestly to other studies and surveys conducted in Latin America and its results, Introducción: Las encuestas sobre condiciones de trabajo y salud en el trabajo han demostradoser un instrumento fiable para la recolección de información sobre factores de riesgo laboral;estas se han llevado a cabo, a nivel internacional y latinoamericano por reconocidos organismos,recolectando datos de relevante importancia tanto para el establecimiento de un diagnósticosituacional del país en seguridad y salud ocupacional, como para la formulación de políticaspúblicas. En Ecuador, hasta el presente año no se ha realizado una encuesta centrada a estatemática. Objetivo: Diseñar la Primera Encuesta sobre Condiciones de Seguridad y Salud en elTrabajo para Ecuador (I ECSST-E), que sirva de modelo de recogida de información paraconocer los factores de riesgo en el trabajo, su impacto en la salud de la población trabajadoraecuatoriana y que permita la comparación de los resultados con los de encuestas internacionales.Metodología: La encuesta se diseñó por investigadores de la Universidad Internacional SEK, en3 fases secuenciales que requirieron la participación de 40 investigadores y expertos en el área,en colaboración con instituciones universitarias y profesionales del sector privado, el diseño seestructuró buscando ajustarse al contexto del país, así como, a los estándares de encuestasinternacionales y latinoamericanas, para lo que se realizó una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica yconsulta documental y estructural de trabajos relacionados y encuestas. Resultados: La encuestatuvo como resultado 79 variables (preguntas) relacionadas con factores de riesgo ocupacional ysalud percibida por el trabajador, estás se derivaron del consenso que el grupo de investigadoresy expertos llegaron a través de las tres fases de diseño. Se determinaron 7 dimensiones(sociodemográfica y laboral, condiciones de empleo, seguridad en el trabajo, higiene industrial,ergonomía, psicosocial y salud ocupacional), 26 sub-dimensiones que derivaron en 79 preguntasque conformaron la Encuesta. Conclus

Introduction: Surveys on working conditions and health at work have proven to be reliable for gathering information about occupational risk factors instrument; these have been carried out at the international and Latin American level by recognized bodies, collecting data relevant importance for the establishment of a country situational analysis in occupational safety and health, and for public policy. In Ecuador, until this year it has not conducted a survey focused on this subject. Objective: Design the First Survey on Conditions of Safety and Health at Work for Ecuador (I ECSST-E), which serve as a model for gathering information to know the risk factors at work, their impact on population health Ecuadorian worker and to permit comparison of results with those of international surveys. Methodology: The survey by researchers at the Universidad Internacional SEK was designed, in 3 sequential phases that required the participation of 40 researchers and experts in the field, in collaboration with university and private sector professionals institutions, the design was structured looking fit the context the country as well as international standards and Latin American surveys, for which a comprehensive literature review and documentary and structural consultation and surveys related work was performed. Results: The survey resulted in 79 variables (questions) related to perceived health worker and occupational risk factors, you were derived from the consensus that the group of researchers and experts came through the three phases of design. 7 dimensions (socio-demographic and employment, conditions of employment, occupational safety, industrial hygiene, ergonomics, psychosocial and occupational health), 26 sub-dimensions that led to 79 questions that formed the survey were determined. Conclusions: In this sense, the present model survey on safety and occupational health aims to contribute modestly to other studies and surveys conducted in Latin America and its results, Introducción: Las encuestas sobre condiciones de trabajo y salud en el trabajo han demostradoser un instrumento fiable para la recolección de información sobre factores de riesgo laboral;estas se han llevado a cabo, a nivel internacional y latinoamericano por reconocidos organismos,recolectando datos de relevante importancia tanto para el establecimiento de un diagnósticosituacional del país en seguridad y salud ocupacional, como para la formulación de políticaspúblicas. En Ecuador, hasta el presente año no se ha realizado una encuesta centrada a estatemática. Objetivo: Diseñar la Primera Encuesta sobre Condiciones de Seguridad y Salud en elTrabajo para Ecuador (I ECSST-E), que sirva de modelo de recogida de información paraconocer los factores de riesgo en el trabajo, su impacto en la salud de la población trabajadoraecuatoriana y que permita la comparación de los resultados con los de encuestas internacionales.Metodología: La encuesta se diseñó por investigadores de la Universidad Internacional SEK, en3 fases secuenciales que requirieron la participación de 40 investigadores y expertos en el área,en colaboración con instituciones universitarias y profesionales del sector privado, el diseño seestructuró buscando ajustarse al contexto del país, así como, a los estándares de encuestasinternacionales y latinoamericanas, para lo que se realizó una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica yconsulta documental y estructural de trabajos relacionados y encuestas. Resultados: La encuestatuvo como resultado 79 variables (preguntas) relacionadas con factores de riesgo ocupacional ysalud percibida por el trabajador, estás se derivaron del consenso que el grupo de investigadoresy expertos llegaron a través de las tres fases de diseño. Se determinaron 7 dimensiones(sociodemográfica y laboral, condiciones de empleo, seguridad en el trabajo, higiene industrial,ergonomía, psicosocial y salud ocupacional), 26 sub-dimensiones que derivaron en 79 preguntasque conformaron la Encuesta. Conclus

Introduction: Surveys on working conditions and health at work have proven to be reliable for gathering information about occupational risk factors instrument; these have been carried out at the international and Latin American level by recognized bodies, collecting data relevant importance for the establishment of a country situational analysis in occupational safety and health, and for public policy. In Ecuador, until this year it has not conducted a survey focused on this subject. Objective: Design the First Survey on Conditions of Safety and Health at Work for Ecuador (I ECSST-E), which serve as a model for gathering information to know the risk factors at work, their impact on population health Ecuadorian worker and to permit comparison of results with those of international surveys. Methodology: The survey by researchers at the Universidad Internacional SEK was designed, in 3 sequential phases that required the participation of 40 researchers and experts in the field, in collaboration with university and private sector professionals institutions, the design was structured looking fit the context the country as well as international standards and Latin American surveys, for which a comprehensive literature review and documentary and structural consultation and surveys related work was performed. Results: The survey resulted in 79 variables (questions) related to perceived health worker and occupational risk factors, you were derived from the consensus that the group of researchers and experts came through the three phases of design. 7 dimensions (socio-demographic and employment, conditions of employment, occupational safety, industrial hygiene, ergonomics, psychosocial and occupational health), 26 sub-dimensions that led to 79 questions that formed the survey were determined. Conclusions: In this sense, the present model survey on safety and occupational health aims to contribute modestly to other studies and surveys conducted in Latin America and its results, Introducción: Las encuestas sobre condiciones de trabajo y salud en el trabajo han demostradoser un instrumento fiable para la recolección de información sobre factores de riesgo laboral;estas se han llevado a cabo, a nivel internacional y latinoamericano por reconocidos organismos,recolectando datos de relevante importancia tanto para el establecimiento de un diagnósticosituacional del país en seguridad y salud ocupacional, como para la formulación de políticaspúblicas. En Ecuador, hasta el presente año no se ha realizado una encuesta centrada a estatemática. Objetivo: Diseñar la Primera Encuesta sobre Condiciones de Seguridad y Salud en elTrabajo para Ecuador (I ECSST-E), que sirva de modelo de recogida de información paraconocer los factores de riesgo en el trabajo, su impacto en la salud de la población trabajadoraecuatoriana y que permita la comparación de los resultados con los de encuestas internacionales.Metodología: La encuesta se diseñó por investigadores de la Universidad Internacional SEK, en3 fases secuenciales que requirieron la participación de 40 investigadores y expertos en el área,en colaboración con instituciones universitarias y profesionales del sector privado, el diseño seestructuró buscando ajustarse al contexto del país, así como, a los estándares de encuestasinternacionales y latinoamericanas, para lo que se realizó una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica yconsulta documental y estructural de trabajos relacionados y encuestas. Resultados: La encuestatuvo como resultado 79 variables (preguntas) relacionadas con factores de riesgo ocupacional ysalud percibida por el trabajador, estás se derivaron del consenso que el grupo de investigadoresy expertos llegaron a través de las tres fases de diseño. Se determinaron 7 dimensiones(sociodemográfica y laboral, condiciones de empleo, seguridad en el trabajo, higiene industrial,ergonomía, psicosocial y salud ocupacional), 26 sub-dimensiones que derivaron en 79 preguntasque conformaron la Encuesta. Conclus

Introduction: Surveys on working conditions and health at work have proven to be reliable for gathering information about occupational risk factors instrument; these have been carried out at the international and Latin American level by recognized bodies, collecting data relevant importance for the establishment of a country situational analysis in occupational safety and health, and for public policy. In Ecuador, until this year it has not conducted a survey focused on this subject. Objective: Design the First Survey on Conditions of Safety and Health at Work for Ecuador (I ECSST-E), which serve as a model for gathering information to know the risk factors at work, their impact on population health Ecuadorian worker and to permit comparison of results with those of international surveys. Methodology: The survey by researchers at the Universidad Internacional SEK was designed, in 3 sequential phases that required the participation of 40 researchers and experts in the field, in collaboration with university and private sector professionals institutions, the design was structured looking fit the context the country as well as international standards and Latin American surveys, for which a comprehensive literature review and documentary and structural consultation and surveys related work was performed. Results: The survey resulted in 79 variables (questions) related to perceived health worker and occupational risk factors, you were derived from the consensus that the group of researchers and experts came through the three phases of design. 7 dimensions (socio-demographic and employment, conditions of employment, occupational safety, industrial hygiene, ergonomics, psychosocial and occupational health), 26 sub-dimensions that led to 79 questions that formed the survey were determined. Conclusions: In this sense, the present model survey on safety and occupational health aims to contribute modestly to other studies and surveys conducted in Latin America and its results, Introducción: Las encuestas sobre condiciones de trabajo y salud en el trabajo han demostradoser un instrumento fiable para la recolección de información sobre factores de riesgo laboral;estas se han llevado a cabo, a nivel internacional y latinoamericano por reconocidos organismos,recolectando datos de relevante importancia tanto para el establecimiento de un diagnósticosituacional del país en seguridad y salud ocupacional, como para la formulación de políticaspúblicas. En Ecuador, hasta el presente año no se ha realizado una encuesta centrada a estatemática. Objetivo: Diseñar la Primera Encuesta sobre Condiciones de Seguridad y Salud en elTrabajo para Ecuador (I ECSST-E), que sirva de modelo de recogida de información paraconocer los factores de riesgo en el trabajo, su impacto en la salud de la población trabajadoraecuatoriana y que permita la comparación de los resultados con los de encuestas internacionales.Metodología: La encuesta se diseñó por investigadores de la Universidad Internacional SEK, en3 fases secuenciales que requirieron la participación de 40 investigadores y expertos en el área,en colaboración con instituciones universitarias y profesionales del sector privado, el diseño seestructuró buscando ajustarse al contexto del país, así como, a los estándares de encuestasinternacionales y latinoamericanas, para lo que se realizó una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica yconsulta documental y estructural de trabajos relacionados y encuestas. Resultados: La encuestatuvo como resultado 79 variables (preguntas) relacionadas con factores de riesgo ocupacional ysalud percibida por el trabajador, estás se derivaron del consenso que el grupo de investigadoresy expertos llegaron a través de las tres fases de diseño. Se determinaron 7 dimensiones(sociodemográfica y laboral, condiciones de empleo, seguridad en el trabajo, higiene industrial,ergonomía, psicosocial y salud ocupacional), 26 sub-dimensiones que derivaron en 79 preguntasque conformaron la Encuesta. Conclus

Purpose of this research was to explore the incidence, characteristics and consequences of blame-related distress and its relationship to moral distress. An instrument was created and validated and a conceptual model proposed for relating blame to similar constructs among clinical staff working in acute care.

Introduction: Surveys on working conditions and health at work have proven to be reliable for gathering information about occupational risk factors instrument; these have been carried out at the international and Latin American level by recognized bodies, collecting data relevant importance for the establishment of a country situational analysis in occupational safety and health, and for public policy. In Ecuador, until this year it has not conducted a survey focused on this subject. Objective: Design the First Survey on Conditions of Safety and Health at Work for Ecuador (I ECSST-E), which serve as a model for gathering information to know the risk factors at work, their impact on population health Ecuadorian worker and to permit comparison of results with those of international surveys. Methodology: The survey by researchers at the Universidad Internacional SEK was designed, in 3 sequential phases that required the participation of 40 researchers and experts in the field, in collaboration with university and private sector professionals institutions, the design was structured looking fit the context the country as well as international standards and Latin American surveys, for which a comprehensive literature review and documentary and structural consultation and surveys related work was performed. Results: The survey resulted in 79 variables (questions) related to perceived health worker and occupational risk factors, you were derived from the consensus that the group of researchers and experts came through the three phases of design. 7 dimensions (socio-demographic and employment, conditions of employment, occupational safety, industrial hygiene, ergonomics, psychosocial and occupational health), 26 sub-dimensions that led to 79 questions that formed the survey were determined. Conclusions: In this sense, the present model survey on safety and occupational health aims to contribute modestly to other studies and surveys conducted in Latin America and its results, Introducción: Las encuestas sobre condiciones de trabajo y salud en el trabajo han demostradoser un instrumento fiable para la recolección de información sobre factores de riesgo laboral;estas se han llevado a cabo, a nivel internacional y latinoamericano por reconocidos organismos,recolectando datos de relevante importancia tanto para el establecimiento de un diagnósticosituacional del país en seguridad y salud ocupacional, como para la formulación de políticaspúblicas. En Ecuador, hasta el presente año no se ha realizado una encuesta centrada a estatemática. Objetivo: Diseñar la Primera Encuesta sobre Condiciones de Seguridad y Salud en elTrabajo para Ecuador (I ECSST-E), que sirva de modelo de recogida de información paraconocer los factores de riesgo en el trabajo, su impacto en la salud de la población trabajadoraecuatoriana y que permita la comparación de los resultados con los de encuestas internacionales.Metodología: La encuesta se diseñó por investigadores de la Universidad Internacional SEK, en3 fases secuenciales que requirieron la participación de 40 investigadores y expertos en el área,en colaboración con instituciones universitarias y profesionales del sector privado, el diseño seestructuró buscando ajustarse al contexto del país, así como, a los estándares de encuestasinternacionales y latinoamericanas, para lo que se realizó una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica yconsulta documental y estructural de trabajos relacionados y encuestas. Resultados: La encuestatuvo como resultado 79 variables (preguntas) relacionadas con factores de riesgo ocupacional ysalud percibida por el trabajador, estás se derivaron del consenso que el grupo de investigadoresy expertos llegaron a través de las tres fases de diseño. Se determinaron 7 dimensiones(sociodemográfica y laboral, condiciones de empleo, seguridad en el trabajo, higiene industrial,ergonomía, psicosocial y salud ocupacional), 26 sub-dimensiones que derivaron en 79 preguntasque conformaron la Encuesta. Conclus

Introduction: Surveys on working conditions and health at work have proven to be reliable for gathering information about occupational risk factors instrument; these have been carried out at the international and Latin American level by recognized bodies, collecting data relevant importance for the establishment of a country situational analysis in occupational safety and health, and for public policy. In Ecuador, until this year it has not conducted a survey focused on this subject. Objective: Design the First Survey on Conditions of Safety and Health at Work for Ecuador (I ECSST-E), which serve as a model for gathering information to know the risk factors at work, their impact on population health Ecuadorian worker and to permit comparison of results with those of international surveys. Methodology: The survey by researchers at the Universidad Internacional SEK was designed, in 3 sequential phases that required the participation of 40 researchers and experts in the field, in collaboration with university and private sector professionals institutions, the design was structured looking fit the context the country as well as international standards and Latin American surveys, for which a comprehensive literature review and documentary and structural consultation and surveys related work was performed. Results: The survey resulted in 79 variables (questions) related to perceived health worker and occupational risk factors, you were derived from the consensus that the group of researchers and experts came through the three phases of design. 7 dimensions (socio-demographic and employment, conditions of employment, occupational safety, industrial hygiene, ergonomics, psychosocial and occupational health), 26 sub-dimensions that led to 79 questions that formed the survey were determined. Conclusions: In this sense, the present model survey on safety and occupational health aims to contribute modestly to other studies and surveys conducted in Latin America and its results, Introducción: Las encuestas sobre condiciones de trabajo y salud en el trabajo han demostradoser un instrumento fiable para la recolección de información sobre factores de riesgo laboral;estas se han llevado a cabo, a nivel internacional y latinoamericano por reconocidos organismos,recolectando datos de relevante importancia tanto para el establecimiento de un diagnósticosituacional del país en seguridad y salud ocupacional, como para la formulación de políticaspúblicas. En Ecuador, hasta el presente año no se ha realizado una encuesta centrada a estatemática. Objetivo: Diseñar la Primera Encuesta sobre Condiciones de Seguridad y Salud en elTrabajo para Ecuador (I ECSST-E), que sirva de modelo de recogida de información paraconocer los factores de riesgo en el trabajo, su impacto en la salud de la población trabajadoraecuatoriana y que permita la comparación de los resultados con los de encuestas internacionales.Metodología: La encuesta se diseñó por investigadores de la Universidad Internacional SEK, en3 fases secuenciales que requirieron la participación de 40 investigadores y expertos en el área,en colaboración con instituciones universitarias y profesionales del sector privado, el diseño seestructuró buscando ajustarse al contexto del país, así como, a los estándares de encuestasinternacionales y latinoamericanas, para lo que se realizó una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica yconsulta documental y estructural de trabajos relacionados y encuestas. Resultados: La encuestatuvo como resultado 79 variables (preguntas) relacionadas con factores de riesgo ocupacional ysalud percibida por el trabajador, estás se derivaron del consenso que el grupo de investigadoresy expertos llegaron a través de las tres fases de diseño. Se determinaron 7 dimensiones(sociodemográfica y laboral, condiciones de empleo, seguridad en el trabajo, higiene industrial,ergonomía, psicosocial y salud ocupacional), 26 sub-dimensiones que derivaron en 79 preguntasque conformaron la Encuesta. Conclus

Introduction: Surveys on working conditions and health at work have proven to be reliable for gathering information about occupational risk factors instrument; these have been carried out at the international and Latin American level by recognized bodies, collecting data relevant importance for the establishment of a country situational analysis in occupational safety and health, and for public policy. In Ecuador, until this year it has not conducted a survey focused on this subject. Objective: Design the First Survey on Conditions of Safety and Health at Work for Ecuador (I ECSST-E), which serve as a model for gathering information to know the risk factors at work, their impact on population health Ecuadorian worker and to permit comparison of results with those of international surveys. Methodology: The survey by researchers at the Universidad Internacional SEK was designed, in 3 sequential phases that required the participation of 40 researchers and experts in the field, in collaboration with university and private sector professionals institutions, the design was structured looking fit the context the country as well as international standards and Latin American surveys, for which a comprehensive literature review and documentary and structural consultation and surveys related work was performed. Results: The survey resulted in 79 variables (questions) related to perceived health worker and occupational risk factors, you were derived from the consensus that the group of researchers and experts came through the three phases of design. 7 dimensions (socio-demographic and employment, conditions of employment, occupational safety, industrial hygiene, ergonomics, psychosocial and occupational health), 26 sub-dimensions that led to 79 questions that formed the survey were determined. Conclusions: In this sense, the present model survey on safety and occupational health aims to contribute modestly to other studies and surveys conducted in Latin America and its results, Introducción: Las encuestas sobre condiciones de trabajo y salud en el trabajo han demostradoser un instrumento fiable para la recolección de información sobre factores de riesgo laboral;estas se han llevado a cabo, a nivel internacional y latinoamericano por reconocidos organismos,recolectando datos de relevante importancia tanto para el establecimiento de un diagnósticosituacional del país en seguridad y salud ocupacional, como para la formulación de políticaspúblicas. En Ecuador, hasta el presente año no se ha realizado una encuesta centrada a estatemática. Objetivo: Diseñar la Primera Encuesta sobre Condiciones de Seguridad y Salud en elTrabajo para Ecuador (I ECSST-E), que sirva de modelo de recogida de información paraconocer los factores de riesgo en el trabajo, su impacto en la salud de la población trabajadoraecuatoriana y que permita la comparación de los resultados con los de encuestas internacionales.Metodología: La encuesta se diseñó por investigadores de la Universidad Internacional SEK, en3 fases secuenciales que requirieron la participación de 40 investigadores y expertos en el área,en colaboración con instituciones universitarias y profesionales del sector privado, el diseño seestructuró buscando ajustarse al contexto del país, así como, a los estándares de encuestasinternacionales y latinoamericanas, para lo que se realizó una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica yconsulta documental y estructural de trabajos relacionados y encuestas. Resultados: La encuestatuvo como resultado 79 variables (preguntas) relacionadas con factores de riesgo ocupacional ysalud percibida por el trabajador, estás se derivaron del consenso que el grupo de investigadoresy expertos llegaron a través de las tres fases de diseño. Se determinaron 7 dimensiones(sociodemográfica y laboral, condiciones de empleo, seguridad en el trabajo, higiene industrial,ergonomía, psicosocial y salud ocupacional), 26 sub-dimensiones que derivaron en 79 preguntasque conformaron la Encuesta. Conclus

Introduction: Surveys on working conditions and health at work have proven to be reliable for gathering information about occupational risk factors instrument; these have been carried out at the international and Latin American level by recognized bodies, collecting data relevant importance for the establishment of a country situational analysis in occupational safety and health, and for public policy. In Ecuador, until this year it has not conducted a survey focused on this subject. Objective: Design the First Survey on Conditions of Safety and Health at Work for Ecuador (I ECSST-E), which serve as a model for gathering information to know the risk factors at work, their impact on population health Ecuadorian worker and to permit comparison of results with those of international surveys. Methodology: The survey by researchers at the Universidad Internacional SEK was designed, in 3 sequential phases that required the participation of 40 researchers and experts in the field, in collaboration with university and private sector professionals institutions, the design was structured looking fit the context the country as well as international standards and Latin American surveys, for which a comprehensive literature review and documentary and structural consultation and surveys related work was performed. Results: The survey resulted in 79 variables (questions) related to perceived health worker and occupational risk factors, you were derived from the consensus that the group of researchers and experts came through the three phases of design. 7 dimensions (socio-demographic and employment, conditions of employment, occupational safety, industrial hygiene, ergonomics, psychosocial and occupational health), 26 sub-dimensions that led to 79 questions that formed the survey were determined. Conclusions: In this sense, the present model survey on safety and occupational health aims to contribute modestly to other studies and surveys conducted in Latin America and its results, Introducción: Las encuestas sobre condiciones de trabajo y salud en el trabajo han demostradoser un instrumento fiable para la recolección de información sobre factores de riesgo laboral;estas se han llevado a cabo, a nivel internacional y latinoamericano por reconocidos organismos,recolectando datos de relevante importancia tanto para el establecimiento de un diagnósticosituacional del país en seguridad y salud ocupacional, como para la formulación de políticaspúblicas. En Ecuador, hasta el presente año no se ha realizado una encuesta centrada a estatemática. Objetivo: Diseñar la Primera Encuesta sobre Condiciones de Seguridad y Salud en elTrabajo para Ecuador (I ECSST-E), que sirva de modelo de recogida de información paraconocer los factores de riesgo en el trabajo, su impacto en la salud de la población trabajadoraecuatoriana y que permita la comparación de los resultados con los de encuestas internacionales.Metodología: La encuesta se diseñó por investigadores de la Universidad Internacional SEK, en3 fases secuenciales que requirieron la participación de 40 investigadores y expertos en el área,en colaboración con instituciones universitarias y profesionales del sector privado, el diseño seestructuró buscando ajustarse al contexto del país, así como, a los estándares de encuestasinternacionales y latinoamericanas, para lo que se realizó una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica yconsulta documental y estructural de trabajos relacionados y encuestas. Resultados: La encuestatuvo como resultado 79 variables (preguntas) relacionadas con factores de riesgo ocupacional ysalud percibida por el trabajador, estás se derivaron del consenso que el grupo de investigadoresy expertos llegaron a través de las tres fases de diseño. Se determinaron 7 dimensiones(sociodemográfica y laboral, condiciones de empleo, seguridad en el trabajo, higiene industrial,ergonomía, psicosocial y salud ocupacional), 26 sub-dimensiones que derivaron en 79 preguntasque conformaron la Encuesta. Conclus

Introduction: Surveys on working conditions and health at work have proven to be reliable for gathering information about occupational risk factors instrument; these have been carried out at the international and Latin American level by recognized bodies, collecting data relevant importance for the establishment of a country situational analysis in occupational safety and health, and for public policy. In Ecuador, until this year it has not conducted a survey focused on this subject. Objective: Design the First Survey on Conditions of Safety and Health at Work for Ecuador (I ECSST-E), which serve as a model for gathering information to know the risk factors at work, their impact on population health Ecuadorian worker and to permit comparison of results with those of international surveys. Methodology: The survey by researchers at the Universidad Internacional SEK was designed, in 3 sequential phases that required the participation of 40 researchers and experts in the field, in collaboration with university and private sector professionals institutions, the design was structured looking fit the context the country as well as international standards and Latin American surveys, for which a comprehensive literature review and documentary and structural consultation and surveys related work was performed. Results: The survey resulted in 79 variables (questions) related to perceived health worker and occupational risk factors, you were derived from the consensus that the group of researchers and experts came through the three phases of design. 7 dimensions (socio-demographic and employment, conditions of employment, occupational safety, industrial hygiene, ergonomics, psychosocial and occupational health), 26 sub-dimensions that led to 79 questions that formed the survey were determined. Conclusions: In this sense, the present model survey on safety and occupational health aims to contribute modestly to other studies and surveys conducted in Latin America and its results, Introducción: Las encuestas sobre condiciones de trabajo y salud en el trabajo han demostradoser un instrumento fiable para la recolección de información sobre factores de riesgo laboral;estas se han llevado a cabo, a nivel internacional y latinoamericano por reconocidos organismos,recolectando datos de relevante importancia tanto para el establecimiento de un diagnósticosituacional del país en seguridad y salud ocupacional, como para la formulación de políticaspúblicas. En Ecuador, hasta el presente año no se ha realizado una encuesta centrada a estatemática. Objetivo: Diseñar la Primera Encuesta sobre Condiciones de Seguridad y Salud en elTrabajo para Ecuador (I ECSST-E), que sirva de modelo de recogida de información paraconocer los factores de riesgo en el trabajo, su impacto en la salud de la población trabajadoraecuatoriana y que permita la comparación de los resultados con los de encuestas internacionales.Metodología: La encuesta se diseñó por investigadores de la Universidad Internacional SEK, en3 fases secuenciales que requirieron la participación de 40 investigadores y expertos en el área,en colaboración con instituciones universitarias y profesionales del sector privado, el diseño seestructuró buscando ajustarse al contexto del país, así como, a los estándares de encuestasinternacionales y latinoamericanas, para lo que se realizó una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica yconsulta documental y estructural de trabajos relacionados y encuestas. Resultados: La encuestatuvo como resultado 79 variables (preguntas) relacionadas con factores de riesgo ocupacional ysalud percibida por el trabajador, estás se derivaron del consenso que el grupo de investigadoresy expertos llegaron a través de las tres fases de diseño. Se determinaron 7 dimensiones(sociodemográfica y laboral, condiciones de empleo, seguridad en el trabajo, higiene industrial,ergonomía, psicosocial y salud ocupacional), 26 sub-dimensiones que derivaron en 79 preguntasque conformaron la Encuesta. Conclus

Introduction: Surveys on working conditions and health at work have proven to be reliable for gathering information about occupational risk factors instrument; these have been carried out at the international and Latin American level by recognized bodies, collecting data relevant importance for the establishment of a country situational analysis in occupational safety and health, and for public policy. In Ecuador, until this year it has not conducted a survey focused on this subject. Objective: Design the First Survey on Conditions of Safety and Health at Work for Ecuador (I ECSST-E), which serve as a model for gathering information to know the risk factors at work, their impact on population health Ecuadorian worker and to permit comparison of results with those of international surveys. Methodology: The survey by researchers at the Universidad Internacional SEK was designed, in 3 sequential phases that required the participation of 40 researchers and experts in the field, in collaboration with university and private sector professionals institutions, the design was structured looking fit the context the country as well as international standards and Latin American surveys, for which a comprehensive literature review and documentary and structural consultation and surveys related work was performed. Results: The survey resulted in 79 variables (questions) related to perceived health worker and occupational risk factors, you were derived from the consensus that the group of researchers and experts came through the three phases of design. 7 dimensions (socio-demographic and employment, conditions of employment, occupational safety, industrial hygiene, ergonomics, psychosocial and occupational health), 26 sub-dimensions that led to 79 questions that formed the survey were determined. Conclusions: In this sense, the present model survey on safety and occupational health aims to contribute modestly to other studies and surveys conducted in Latin America and its results, Introducción: Las encuestas sobre condiciones de trabajo y salud en el trabajo han demostradoser un instrumento fiable para la recolección de información sobre factores de riesgo laboral;estas se han llevado a cabo, a nivel internacional y latinoamericano por reconocidos organismos,recolectando datos de relevante importancia tanto para el establecimiento de un diagnósticosituacional del país en seguridad y salud ocupacional, como para la formulación de políticaspúblicas. En Ecuador, hasta el presente año no se ha realizado una encuesta centrada a estatemática. Objetivo: Diseñar la Primera Encuesta sobre Condiciones de Seguridad y Salud en elTrabajo para Ecuador (I ECSST-E), que sirva de modelo de recogida de información paraconocer los factores de riesgo en el trabajo, su impacto en la salud de la población trabajadoraecuatoriana y que permita la comparación de los resultados con los de encuestas internacionales.Metodología: La encuesta se diseñó por investigadores de la Universidad Internacional SEK, en3 fases secuenciales que requirieron la participación de 40 investigadores y expertos en el área,en colaboración con instituciones universitarias y profesionales del sector privado, el diseño seestructuró buscando ajustarse al contexto del país, así como, a los estándares de encuestasinternacionales y latinoamericanas, para lo que se realizó una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica yconsulta documental y estructural de trabajos relacionados y encuestas. Resultados: La encuestatuvo como resultado 79 variables (preguntas) relacionadas con factores de riesgo ocupacional ysalud percibida por el trabajador, estás se derivaron del consenso que el grupo de investigadoresy expertos llegaron a través de las tres fases de diseño. Se determinaron 7 dimensiones(sociodemográfica y laboral, condiciones de empleo, seguridad en el trabajo, higiene industrial,ergonomía, psicosocial y salud ocupacional), 26 sub-dimensiones que derivaron en 79 preguntasque conformaron la Encuesta. Conclus

The main task for most development-intensive organizations is to create, develop and commercialize new products and services. Because development processes are risky and failure rates are high, especially in the case of technology pushed projects, unambiguous success factors are valuable knowledge for the management of development-intensive firms. New product development and innovation literature has presented many success factors for developed products, but, unfortunately, many of them are nebulous in nature. The aim of this paper is to clarify what elements comprise the exact factors. After an extensive review and screening of the technology push success factor related literature, a total of 13 success factors were rationalized and transcribed according the previous literature. As a result, three separate keynotes were recognized, and the survey instrument framework was proposed. The practical relevance of this study is to help firm management to recognize the real actions needed to reduce product development risks and also to help scholars to focus on key issues when studying the key factors of breakthrough development cases.

The main task for most development-intensive organizations is to create, develop and commercialize new products and services. Because development processes are risky and failure rates are high, especially in the case of technology pushed projects, unambiguous success factors are valuable knowledge for the management of development-intensive firms. New product development and innovation literature has presented many success factors for developed products, but, unfortunately, many of them are nebulous in nature. The aim of this paper is to clarify what elements comprise the exact factors. After an extensive review and screening of the technology push success factor related literature, a total of 13 success factors were rationalized and transcribed according the previous literature. As a result, three separate keynotes were recognized, and the survey instrument framework was proposed. The practical relevance of this study is to help firm management to recognize the real actions needed to reduce product development risks and also to help scholars to focus on key issues when studying the key factors of breakthrough development cases.

The main task for most development-intensive organizations is to create, develop and commercialize new products and services. Because development processes are risky and failure rates are high, especially in the case of technology pushed projects, unambiguous success factors are valuable knowledge for the management of development-intensive firms. New product development and innovation literature has presented many success factors for developed products, but, unfortunately, many of them are nebulous in nature. The aim of this paper is to clarify what elements comprise the exact factors. After an extensive review and screening of the technology push success factor related literature, a total of 13 success factors were rationalized and transcribed according the previous literature. As a result, three separate keynotes were recognized, and the survey instrument framework was proposed. The practical relevance of this study is to help firm management to recognize the real actions needed to reduce product development risks and also to help scholars to focus on key issues when studying the key factors of breakthrough development cases.

Currently, there is no standard instrument for measuring user adoption of mobile services. Based on the mobile service acceptance model, this paper reports on the development of a survey instrument designed to measure user perception on mobile services acceptance. A survey instrument was developed by using some existing scales from prior instruments and by creating additional items which might appear to fit the construct definitions. In addition, a pilot study was conducted by distributing the survey to 25 users of a mobile service called Mobile Student Information Systems. As a result, a survey instrument containing 22 items were retained. Furthermore, the results showed that the reliabilities of all the scales in the survey instrument were above the target acceptance level.

The goal of this study was to construct a valid new instrument to measure the effect of moral intensity on managers' propensity to manage earnings. More specifically, this study is a pilot study of the impact of moral intensity on financial accountants' propensity to manage earnings. The instrument, once validated, will be used in a full-study of managers in the hotel industry. Different ethical scenarios were presented to respondents in the survey; each ethical scenario was designed in both high or low moral intensity form, to reflect the importance of the moral dilemma at hand. The results were analysed by factor analysis. The findings of this study have positively validated the instrument, with three of the five moral intensity components identified as having appropriate eigenvalues. This indicates that they have a significant influence in the study. The first factor captures the social consensus dimension and one scenario of the proximity dimension. The second factor indicates an interaction between thetemporal immediacy and the magnitude of consequences dimension. The third dimension is probability of effect and one scenario of the proximity dimension. In addition, t-tests indicated that the manipulation of high and low conditions within each scenario were also successful. One limitation of the study might be the use of undergraduate accounting students as manager proxies, although prior evidence suggests use of accounting students as proxies is a valid approach in this type of study. This is a highly novelproject as most prior studies have focussed on moralintensity and the general ethical decision-making process.

Understanding why individual knowledge workers within IT project teams would be motivated towards or inhibited from sharing their knowledge and experiences in their activities, procedures, and processes is likely to be of critical importance to the success of both project and organisational goals. A survey instrument has been developed to measure the relative importance of various extrinsic and intrinsic motivators and inhibitors of intentions to share knowledge. The present paper presents how the constructs were developed for the survey instrument.

Our joint applied project produced a survey instrument to measure the perception of managers and provisioner subject-matter expert (SME) trainers in receiving cause-and-effect evidence for high turnover rates in the 0301 job series. We sought advice from branch managers and trainers about the validity of the survey instrument questions. This analysis determined which questions were suitable to display the correlation between turnover rates and generational differences. We created a survey instrument and sent it to 30 branch managers and provisioner SME trainers who had employees under functional series 0301 within their branches or directorates to gain feedback. They played an advisory role in reviewing the effectiveness of the survey. We analyzed the survey results for anomalies or inconsistencies and looked for questions that did not show clear negative or positive attitudes. This analysis helped decide which questions to keep, change, or remove for the final survey product. We did not use the results to assess the perceived correlation between turnover rates and generational differences; we used them to help refine the survey instrument. We recommend that Communications-Electronics Command--Integrated Logistics Service Center (CE-ILSC) share and implement the finalized Provisioner retention survey instrument with CP-17 series 0301 employees left in the command using an Internet survey site to ensure employee anonymity., http://archive.org/details/developmentofsui1094556163, Civilian, Department of the Army, Civilian, Department of the Army, Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.