Search

By 2027 more than 530 M homes will likely adopt at least one type of automated system. This means that a growing number of residents will be living with automated technology in the home, everyday. But living with smart homes is full of conflicts between what residents find appropriate and what technology does instead. Previous research, centering end-user needs, has often focused on smooth living experiences through graphical user interfaces and improved predictions. In this research, we take the more-than-human lens of co-performance to put crises in everyday practices in view, and to conceptualize a new notion of interface. Based on ethnographic data from 11 households, our findings illustrate how crises reveal conflicting ideas of appropriateness, how residents reconfigure their co-performances with technology in response to everyday crises, and how new interfaces are enacted as a result. We conclude by illuminating how researchers and designers should not look at the conflicts and crises emerging in the more-than-human home as something of which to get rid. Instead, they are opportunities for residents and buildings to respond to one another in the context of everyday life and to enact interfaces that were not pre-designed into the building., Applied Ergonomics and Design, Human Information Communication Design, Human-Centred Artificial Intelligence

Automated and connected technologies are increasingly present in everyday life. The concept of co-performance offers a new perspective on artificial agency by understanding artifacts as capable of performing everyday practices next to people. In this pictorial we adopt a lens informed by co-performance, and propose the visual vocabulary of the screenplay as a novel way to represent and annotate co-performances. We highlight conflicts and how they are they are resolved through the enactment of new interfaces in-use. We visually represent and annotate scenes found in data from a study of households living with smart technologies. Using this visual vocabulary reveals the role of time, embodiment, character development and more, in the enactment of interfaces., Applied Ergonomics and Design, Human Information Communication Design, Sustainable Design Engineering

This one day workshop will explore the use of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) in design research and practice. Generative technologies are developing rapidly and many designers are using them. Yet, there remains little published work on the use of GenAI in design. Our goal is to not only showcase the potential of GenAI for design, but to engage in discussions of its shortcomings and opportunities as they have been already articulated by scholars. By synthesizing both published and unpublished works, we will develop best practices, ethical considerations, and future research directions for the use of GenAI in design. We will explore a range of topics and themes, including leveraging the characteristics of GenAI for design, mapping the diverse applications of GenAI in design, envisioning a framework for design, and guiding future work on GenAI in design research. Ultimately, we hope to provide a roadmap for the integration of GenAI into the design research process and to encourage designers and researchers to explore the potential of GenAI in a thoughtful and deliberate way., Design Aesthetics, Applied Ergonomics and Design, Human Information Communication Design, Methodologie en Organisatie van Design

BACKGROUND: The diagnostic value of ST analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram (fECG) during labor is uncertain. False alarms (ST events) may be explained by physiological variation of the fetal electrical heart axis. Adjusted ST events, based on a relative rather than an absolute rise from baseline, correct for this variation and may improve the diagnostic accuracy of ST analysis.AIMS: Determine the optimal cut-off for relative ST events in fECG to detect fetal metabolic acidosis.STUDY DESIGN: Post-hoc analysis on fECG tracings from the Dutch STAN trial (STAN+CTG branch).SUBJECTS: 1328 term singleton fetuses with scalp ECG tracing during labor, including 10 cases of metabolic acidosis.OUTCOME MEASURES: Cut-off value for relative ST events at the point closest to (0,1) in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with corresponding sensitivity and specificity.RESULTS: Relative baseline ST events had an optimal cut-off at an increment of 85% from baseline. Relative ST events had a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 80%.CONCLUSIONS: Adjusting the current definition of ST events may improve ST analysis, making it independent of CTG interpretation.

Aims Patients with cardiac disease are considered high risk for poor outcomes following hospitalization with COVID-19. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate heterogeneity in associations between various heart disease subtypes and in-hospital mortality. Methods and results We used data from the CAPACITY-COVID registry and LEOSS study. Multivariable Poisson regression models were fitted to assess the association between different types of pre-existing heart disease and in-hospital mortality. A total of 16 511 patients with COVID-19 were included (21.1% aged 66-75 years; 40.2% female) and 31.5% had a history of heart disease. Patients with heart disease were older, predominantly male, and often had other comorbid conditions when compared with those without. Mortality was higher in patients with cardiac disease (29.7%; n= 1545 vs. 15.9%; n= 1797). However, following multivariable adjustment, this difference was not significant [adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 1.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.15; P = 0.12 (corrected for multiple testing)]. Associations with in-hospital mortality by heart disease subtypes differed considerably, with the strongest association for heart failure (aRR 1.19, 95% CI 1.10-1.30; P <0.018) particularly for severe (New York Heart Association class III/IV) heart failure (aRR 1.41, 95% CI 1.20-1.64; P < 0.018). None of the other heart disease subtypes, including ischaemic heart disease, remained significant after multivariable adjustment. Serious cardiac complications were diagnosed in <1% of patients. Conclusion Considerable heterogeneity exists in the strength of association between heart disease subtypes and in-hospital mortality. Of all patients with heart disease, those with heart failure are at greatest risk of death when hospitalized with COVID-19. Serious cardiac complications are rare during hospitalization. [GRAPHICS] .

Renovation projects in social housing tend to focus on diminishing the costs of the renovation. An affordable solution is sought for an average household, thus assumptions are made about the residents' behaviour when calculating the energy performance of the dwellings. However, households have different needs and preferences, and therefore the actual use of the building can affect the achievement of the zero energy goals. In the Netherlands, until 2020, the calculation of the energy performance coefficient (EPC) was necessary to obtain building permission. The EPC was calculated based on standardised occupancy, and took into account the characteristics of the building envelope and installations. Furthermore, the EPV (energieprestatievergoeding, energy performance compensation in English) is an instrument used by housing associations and landlords to recover part of their investments in renovating social housing into (nearly) zero energy homes through a regulated increase in the rent, while protecting the residents from increase on their costs of living. In this research, we used a monitoring case study in the Netherlands to investigate the effect of assumptions made during design regarding occupants' behaviour, preferences, needs and lifestyle on achieving energy neutrality goals. The following questions are answered: What assumptions where made during the design of the building, and how do they differ from actual behaviour?, and what are the consequences of the behaviour for the performance of the building and for the EPV? The objective of this research is to determine the importance of design assumptions in the design and evaluation of zero energy buildings., Applied Ergonomics and Design

BACKGROUND: The diagnostic value of ST analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram (fECG) during labor is uncertain. False alarms (ST events) may be explained by physiological variation of the fetal electrical heart axis. Adjusted ST events, based on a relative rather than an absolute rise from baseline, correct for this variation and may improve the diagnostic accuracy of ST analysis.AIMS: Determine the optimal cut-off for relative ST events in fECG to detect fetal metabolic acidosis.STUDY DESIGN: Post-hoc analysis on fECG tracings from the Dutch STAN trial (STAN+CTG branch).SUBJECTS: 1328 term singleton fetuses with scalp ECG tracing during labor, including 10 cases of metabolic acidosis.OUTCOME MEASURES: Cut-off value for relative ST events at the point closest to (0,1) in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with corresponding sensitivity and specificity.RESULTS: Relative baseline ST events had an optimal cut-off at an increment of 85% from baseline. Relative ST events had a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 80%.CONCLUSIONS: Adjusting the current definition of ST events may improve ST analysis, making it independent of CTG interpretation.

There is an increasing acknowledgement of the role of residents in the success of low- or zero-energy renovations. One of the approaches to improve this factor is by influencing resident behaviour by means of devices for feedback on consumption. The goal of these systems is to help residents make sense of the relation between their actions and choices, and their energy consumption, indoor environmental conditions and comfort. In this paper we describe interactions with these devices as one form of data encounter. We then suggest that there are other forms of data encounters already happening in renovated homes by which residents make sense. These data encounters are useful to understand if we want to understand the interactions between residents and buildings. We introduce the concepts of sense-making and interactive adaptation to better understand these data encounters. In this study we show data encounters in various forms as they happen in four renovated homes in the same building in the Netherlands. We use interviews and video-recorded walkthroughs to identify data encounters related to indoor climate and energy consumption within these homes. We find data encounters that involve more than displays and technical devices. Residents use bodily senses, information from other people, and complex contextual information to understand indoor climate and energy consumption. We also find that data encounters relate to, and are embedded in everyday practices and routines. Finally, we find that data encounters involve active sense-making rather than passive consumption of information. We discuss these findings and conclude by suggesting that existing data encounters could serve as a starting point for the improved design of buildings, renovation processes, and the selection, design and implementation of new data encounters., Applied Ergonomics and Design

In the context of human-agent interaction, we see the emergence of computational artefacts that display hybridity because they can be experienced as tools and agents. In this paper we propose a tool-agent spectrum as an analytical lens that uses ‘intention’ as a central concept. This spectrum aims to clarify how a computational object can change from being conducive to the intentions of others (‘tool’) to appearing to have intentions of its own (‘agent’), or vice versa. We have applied this analytical lens to unravel people’s experiences in two hybrid cases; guide dogs as a living mobility aid for the visually impaired and an experimental wearable object named “BagSight” as a rudimentary artificial counterpart. We compared both cases through the lens of a toolagent spectrum and elaborate on these results by discussing some of the principles by which computational artefacts can shift across the spectrum. We conclude by discussing the limitations of this study and provide suggestions for future work., Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public., Human Information Communication Design, Applied Ergonomics and Design, Human-Robot Interaction, Interactive Intelligence

Our interactions form an intricate 'dance' - a dance requiring a fluent integration of both expressivity (e.g. to approach someone) and sensitivity (e.g. detect if you 'should' approach someone). Work on behaving artefacts has focused mostly on the social, emotional and aesthetic qualities that can be evoked - expressed - through interactions involving such artefacts. Meanwhile, novel methods from social signal processing and affective computing are beginning to imbue artefacts with a reflective awareness - a sensitivity - to the emergent social aspects of the interaction. Can we empower the expressivity of behaving artefacts by integrating it with such sensitivity? With this workshop we aim to bring together a range of perspectives, on the performative and technological opportunities for such artefacts, as well as on their potential (adverse) social and societal implications; to jointly establish what will be necessary to achieve Expressive\Sensitive artefacts that positively enrich and participate in the 'dance' of social interaction., Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public., Internet of Things, Human Information Communication Design

In the context of human-agent interaction, we see the emergence of computational artefacts that display hybridity because they can be experienced as tools and agents. In this paper we propose a tool-agent spectrum as an analytical lens that uses ‘intention’ as a central concept. This spectrum aims to clarify how a computational object can change from being conducive to the intentions of others (‘tool’) to appearing to have intentions of its own (‘agent’), or vice versa. We have applied this analytical lens to unravel people’s experiences in two hybrid cases; guide dogs as a living mobility aid for the visually impaired and an experimental wearable object named “BagSight” as a rudimentary artificial counterpart. We compared both cases through the lens of a toolagent spectrum and elaborate on these results by discussing some of the principles by which computational artefacts can shift across the spectrum. We conclude by discussing the limitations of this study and provide suggestions for future work., Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public., Human Information Communication Design, Applied Ergonomics and Design, Human-Robot Interaction, Interactive Intelligence

Our interactions form an intricate 'dance' - a dance requiring a fluent integration of both expressivity (e.g. to approach someone) and sensitivity (e.g. detect if you 'should' approach someone). Work on behaving artefacts has focused mostly on the social, emotional and aesthetic qualities that can be evoked - expressed - through interactions involving such artefacts. Meanwhile, novel methods from social signal processing and affective computing are beginning to imbue artefacts with a reflective awareness - a sensitivity - to the emergent social aspects of the interaction. Can we empower the expressivity of behaving artefacts by integrating it with such sensitivity? With this workshop we aim to bring together a range of perspectives, on the performative and technological opportunities for such artefacts, as well as on their potential (adverse) social and societal implications; to jointly establish what will be necessary to achieve Expressive\Sensitive artefacts that positively enrich and participate in the 'dance' of social interaction., Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public., Internet of Things, Human Information Communication Design

Background: Double-layer compared to single-layer closure of the uterus after a caesarean section (CS) leads to a thicker myometrial layer at the site of the CS scar, also called residual myometrium thickness (RMT). It possibly decreases the development of a niche, which is an interruption of the myometrium at the site of the uterine scar. Thin RMT and a niche are associated with gynaecological symptoms, obstetric complications in a subsequent pregnancy and delivery and possibly with subfertility. Methods: Women undergoing a first CS regardless of the gestational age will be asked to participate in this multicentre, double blinded randomised controlled trial (RCT). They will be randomised to single-layer closure or double-layer closure of the uterine incision. Single-layer closure (control group) is performed with a continuous running, unlocked suture, with or without endometrial saving technique. Double-layer closure (intervention group) is performed with the first layer in a continuous unlocked suture including the endometrial layer and the second layer is also continuous unlocked and imbricates the first. The primary outcome is the reported number of days with postmenstrual spotting during one menstrual cycle nine months after CS. Secondary outcomes include surgical data, ultrasound evaluation at three months, menstrual pattern, dysmenorrhea, quality of life, and sexual function at nine months. Structured transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) evaluation is performed to assess the uterine scar and if necessary saline infusion sonohysterography (SIS) or gel instillation sonohysterography (GIS) will be added to the examination. Women and ultrasound examiners will be blinded for allocation. Reproductive outcomes at three years follow-up including fertility, mode of delivery and complications in subsequent deliveries will be studied as well. Analyses will be performed by intention to treat. 2290 women have to be randomised to show a reduction of 15% in the mean number of

Background: Double-layer compared to single-layer closure of the uterus after a caesarean section (CS) leads to a thicker myometrial layer at the site of the CS scar, also called residual myometrium thickness (RMT). It possibly decreases the development of a niche, which is an interruption of the myometrium at the site of the uterine scar. Thin RMT and a niche are associated with gynaecological symptoms, obstetric complications in a subsequent pregnancy and delivery and possibly with subfertility. Methods: Women undergoing a first CS regardless of the gestational age will be asked to participate in this multicentre, double blinded randomised controlled trial (RCT). They will be randomised to single-layer closure or double-layer closure of the uterine incision. Single-layer closure (control group) is performed with a continuous running, unlocked suture, with or without endometrial saving technique. Double-layer closure (intervention group) is performed with the first layer in a continuous unlocked suture including the endometrial layer and the second layer is also continuous unlocked and imbricates the first. The primary outcome is the reported number of days with postmenstrual spotting during one menstrual cycle nine months after CS. Secondary outcomes include surgical data, ultrasound evaluation at three months, menstrual pattern, dysmenorrhea, quality of life, and sexual function at nine months. Structured transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) evaluation is performed to assess the uterine scar and if necessary saline infusion sonohysterography (SIS) or gel instillation sonohysterography (GIS) will be added to the examination. Women and ultrasound examiners will be blinded for allocation. Reproductive outcomes at three years follow-up including fertility, mode of delivery and complications in subsequent deliveries will be studied as well. Analyses will be performed by intention to treat. 2290 women have to be randomised to show a reduction of 15% in the mean number of

Decision Support Systems, and, more recently, participatory and collaborative modelling have emerged as a response to increased focus on stakeholder participation in modelling activities for certain fields like water resources management. Researchers and practitioners frequently use ‘buzzwords’ such as ‘participatory modelling’ and ‘collaborative modelling’. In some cases, both terms are used interchangeably, largely due to unclear distinction between them in literature. This article draws the line between participatory and collaborative modelling by using levels of participation and cooperation as conditioning dimensions. Based on this methodology, a new generic framework is presented. This framework can help identify determinant features of both modelling approaches currently used in water resources management. It permits analysis of these approaches in terms of context, specific use, information handling, stakeholder involvement, modelling team and means. The article concludes with an application of the framework to a collaborative modelling approach carried out for a groundwater study in the Netherlands.

Ensuring availability and adequate management of water and sanitation for all is one of the key priorities for sustainable development. Integrated Water Resources Management is widely considered to be the best management process for securing water for all. However, implementing it remains a challenge for many decision makers and practitioners. In this article, we demonstrate an application of collaborative modelling to enhance and inform decisions and ensure an inclusive process. This collaborative modelling approach was applied to a river basin master plan for Pemali Comal River Basin Territory in Indonesia. Based on surveys of its development and the stakeholders and decision makers, collaborative modelling and traditional planning approaches for river basin planning were compared. The results of the evaluation demonstrate the benefits of collaborative modelling for structuring stakeholder participation in modelling processes, managing conflicts among competing water users and social learning.

Ensuring availability and adequate management of water and sanitation for all is one of the key priorities for sustainable development. Integrated Water Resources Management is widely considered to be the best management process for securing water for all. However, implementing it remains a challenge for many decision makers and practitioners. In this article, we demonstrate an application of collaborative modelling to enhance and inform decisions and ensure an inclusive process. This collaborative modelling approach was applied to a river basin master plan for Pemali Comal River Basin Territory in Indonesia. Based on surveys of its development and the stakeholders and decision makers, collaborative modelling and traditional planning approaches for river basin planning were compared. The results of the evaluation demonstrate the benefits of collaborative modelling for structuring stakeholder participation in modelling processes, managing conflicts among competing water users and social learning.

Decision Support Systems, and, more recently, participatory and collaborative modelling have emerged as a response to increased focus on stakeholder participation in modelling activities for certain fields like water resources management. Researchers and practitioners frequently use ‘buzzwords’ such as ‘participatory modelling’ and ‘collaborative modelling’. In some cases, both terms are used interchangeably, largely due to unclear distinction between them in literature. This article draws the line between participatory and collaborative modelling by using levels of participation and cooperation as conditioning dimensions. Based on this methodology, a new generic framework is presented. This framework can help identify determinant features of both modelling approaches currently used in water resources management. It permits analysis of these approaches in terms of context, specific use, information handling, stakeholder involvement, modelling team and means. The article concludes with an application of the framework to a collaborative modelling approach carried out for a groundwater study in the Netherlands.

Asia and the Pacific shows a positive trend in strengthening water security with the number of water insecure countries dropping to 29 from 38 in 2013, according to this latest edition of the Asian Water Development Outlook (AWDO). Despite this progress, enormous challenges in water security remain. Asia is home to half of the world’s poorest people. Water for agriculture continues to consume 80% of water resources. A staggering 1.7 billion people lack access to basic sanitation. With a predicted population of 5.2 billion by 2050 and 22 megacities by 2030, the region’s finite water resources will be under enormous pressure—especially with increasing climate variability. Recent estimates indicate up to 3.4 billion people could be living in water-stressed areas of Asia by 2050. With a Sustainable Development Goal dedicated to water and sanitation for all, AWDO 2016 is a tool to help assess the region’s progress in meeting this ambitious target.

Asia and the Pacific shows a positive trend in strengthening water security with the number of water insecure countries dropping to 29 from 38 in 2013, according to this latest edition of the Asian Water Development Outlook (AWDO). Despite this progress, enormous challenges in water security remain. Asia is home to half of the world’s poorest people. Water for agriculture continues to consume 80% of water resources. A staggering 1.7 billion people lack access to basic sanitation. With a predicted population of 5.2 billion by 2050 and 22 megacities by 2030, the region’s finite water resources will be under enormous pressure—especially with increasing climate variability. Recent estimates indicate up to 3.4 billion people could be living in water-stressed areas of Asia by 2050. With a Sustainable Development Goal dedicated to water and sanitation for all, AWDO 2016 is a tool to help assess the region’s progress in meeting this ambitious target.

Asia and the Pacific shows a positive trend in strengthening water security with the number of water insecure countries dropping to 29 from 38 in 2013, according to this latest edition of the Asian Water Development Outlook (AWDO). Despite this progress, enormous challenges in water security remain. Asia is home to half of the world’s poorest people. Water for agriculture continues to consume 80% of water resources. A staggering 1.7 billion people lack access to basic sanitation. With a predicted population of 5.2 billion by 2050 and 22 megacities by 2030, the region’s finite water resources will be under enormous pressure—especially with increasing climate variability. Recent estimates indicate up to 3.4 billion people could be living in water-stressed areas of Asia by 2050. With a Sustainable Development Goal dedicated to water and sanitation for all, AWDO 2016 is a tool to help assess the region’s progress in meeting this ambitious target.

Exploring adaptation pathways is an emerging approach for supporting decision making under uncertain changing conditions. An adaptation pathway is a sequence of policy actions to reach specified objectives. To develop adaptation pathways, interactions between environment and policy response need to be analysed over time for an ensemble of plausible futures. A fast, integrated model can facilitate this. Here, we describe the development and evaluation of such a model, an Integrated Assessment Metamodel (IAMM), to explore adaptation pathways in the Rhine delta for a decision problem currently faced by the Dutch Government. The theory-motivated metamodel is a simplified physically based model. Closed questions reflecting the required accuracy were used to evaluate the model's fitness. The results show that such a model fits the purpose of screening and ranking of policy options and pathways to support the strategic decision making. A complex model can subsequently be used to obtain more detailed information.

Exploring adaptation pathways is an emerging approach for supporting decision making under uncertain changing conditions. An adaptation pathway is a sequence of policy actions to reach specified objectives. To develop adaptation pathways, interactions between environment and policy response need to be analysed over time for an ensemble of plausible futures. A fast, integrated model can facilitate this. Here, we describe the development and evaluation of such a model, an Integrated Assessment Metamodel (IAMM), to explore adaptation pathways in the Rhine delta for a decision problem currently faced by the Dutch Government. The theory-motivated metamodel is a simplified physically based model. Closed questions reflecting the required accuracy were used to evaluate the model's fitness. The results show that such a model fits the purpose of screening and ranking of policy options and pathways to support the strategic decision making. A complex model can subsequently be used to obtain more detailed information.

Exploring adaptation pathways is an emerging approach for supporting decision making under uncertain changing conditions. An adaptation pathway is a sequence of policy actions to reach specified objectives. To develop adaptation pathways, interactions between environment and policy response need to be analysed over time for an ensemble of plausible futures. A fast, integrated model can facilitate this. Here, we describe the development and evaluation of such a model, an Integrated Assessment Metamodel (IAMM), to explore adaptation pathways in the Rhine delta for a decision problem currently faced by the Dutch Government. The theory-motivated metamodel is a simplified physically based model. Closed questions reflecting the required accuracy were used to evaluate the model's fitness. The results show that such a model fits the purpose of screening and ranking of policy options and pathways to support the strategic decision making. A complex model can subsequently be used to obtain more detailed information., Multi Actor Systems, Technology, Policy and Management

Dit rapport geeft een tussentijds overzicht van ‘state of the art’ kennis uit lopend onderzoek van het consortium ‘Climate Proof Fresh Water Supply’ (CPFWS) dat in het kader van het onderzoeksprogramma Kennis voor Klimaat wordt uitgevoerd. De focus van dit onderzoek naar een klimaatbestendige zoetwatervoorziening ligt op lokale en regionale oplossingen in Laag Nederland voor land- en tuinbouw en natuur. De zoetwatervoorziening van dit gebied wordt naast droogte vooral bedreigd door verzilting van grond- en oppervlaktewater. In zes samenhangende werkpakketten wordt geanalyseerd hoe dit gebied meer zelfvoorzienend kan worden én hoe aanpassingen in het (hoofd)watersysteem kunnen bijdragen aan de watervoorziening van het gebied. Centraal in de aanpak zijn een 3-tal casestudies in de Hotspots Haaglanden, Rotterdam Regio en Zuidwestelijke delta.

Udgivelsesdato: 2009-Dec, The aim of the present study was to apply hyperpolarised (HP) (3)He magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency (alpha(1)-ATD) from healthy volunteers and compare HP (3)He MRI findings with high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in a multicentre study. Quantitative measurements of HP (3)He MRI (apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)) and HRCT (mean lung density (MLD)) were correlated with pulmonary function tests. A prospective three centre study enrolled 122 subjects with COPD (either acquired or genetic) and age-matched never-smokers. All diagnostic studies were completed in 94 subjects (52 with COPD; 13 with alpha(1)-ATD; 29 healthy subjects; 63 males; and 31 females; median age 62 yrs). The consensus assessment of radiologists, blinded for other test results, estimated nonventilated lung volume (HP (3)He MRI) and percentage diseased lung (HRCT). Quantitative evaluation of all data for each centre consisted of ADC (HP (3)He MRI) and MLD measurements (HRCT), and correlation with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1))/forced vital capacity (FVC) indicating airway obstruction, and the diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (D(L,CO)) indicating alveolar destruction. Using lung function tests as a reference, regional analysis of HP (3)He MRI and HRCT correctly categorised normal volunteers in 100% and 97%, COPD in 42% and 69% and alpha(1)-ATD in 69% and 85% of cases, respectively. Direct comparison of HP (3)He MRI and CT revealed 23% of subjects with moderate/severe structural abnormalities had only mild ventilation defects. In comparison with lung function tests, ADC was more effective in separating COPD patients from healthy subjects than MLD (p<0.001 versus 0.038). ADC measurements showed better correlation with D(L,CO) than MLD (r = 0.59 versus 0.29). Hyperpolarised (3)He MRI correctly categorised patients with COPD and normal volunteers. It offers ad

Udgivelsesdato: 2009-Dec, The aim of the present study was to apply hyperpolarised (HP) (3)He magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency (alpha(1)-ATD) from healthy volunteers and compare HP (3)He MRI findings with high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in a multicentre study. Quantitative measurements of HP (3)He MRI (apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)) and HRCT (mean lung density (MLD)) were correlated with pulmonary function tests. A prospective three centre study enrolled 122 subjects with COPD (either acquired or genetic) and age-matched never-smokers. All diagnostic studies were completed in 94 subjects (52 with COPD; 13 with alpha(1)-ATD; 29 healthy subjects; 63 males; and 31 females; median age 62 yrs). The consensus assessment of radiologists, blinded for other test results, estimated nonventilated lung volume (HP (3)He MRI) and percentage diseased lung (HRCT). Quantitative evaluation of all data for each centre consisted of ADC (HP (3)He MRI) and MLD measurements (HRCT), and correlation with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1))/forced vital capacity (FVC) indicating airway obstruction, and the diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (D(L,CO)) indicating alveolar destruction. Using lung function tests as a reference, regional analysis of HP (3)He MRI and HRCT correctly categorised normal volunteers in 100% and 97%, COPD in 42% and 69% and alpha(1)-ATD in 69% and 85% of cases, respectively. Direct comparison of HP (3)He MRI and CT revealed 23% of subjects with moderate/severe structural abnormalities had only mild ventilation defects. In comparison with lung function tests, ADC was more effective in separating COPD patients from healthy subjects than MLD (p<0.001 versus 0.038). ADC measurements showed better correlation with D(L,CO) than MLD (r = 0.59 versus 0.29). Hyperpolarised (3)He MRI correctly categorised patients with COPD and normal volunteers. It offers ad

Met als bijlage: A0 poster, Architecture

Met als bijlage: A0 poster, Architecture

This report describes a verification simulation of a model of the Eastern Scheldt. Boundary conditions for a simulation of flows and water levels on 11 January 1982 are obtained from gauging stations in the offshore area of the estuary by use of weighting functions obtained from simulations with other models of conditions of September 1975 in the offshore area. The simulation was made first without taking into account the effects of the varying density in the estuary. By operating the model in this mode a direct comparison with a hydraulic model could be made. In the verification simulation, pressures resulting from salinity differences were included in the comparison. An average salinity distribution was an input at the start of the simulation. Simulation results indicated a very good agreement between observed and computed transport rates through the Hammen, Schaar, and Roompot. A good agreement between observed and computed water levels was also obtained. The simulation in which the pressures resulting from salinity were included had a better agreement with observed data than the simulation without the salinity., PAWN

This report describes a verification simulation of a model of the Eastern Scheldt. Boundary conditions for a simulation of flows and water levels on 11 January 1982 are obtained from gauging stations in the offshore area of the estuary by use of weighting functions obtained from simulations with other models of conditions of September 1975 in the offshore area. The simulation was made first without taking into account the effects of the varying density in the estuary. By operating the model in this mode a direct comparison with a hydraulic model could be made. In the verification simulation, pressures resulting from salinity differences were included in the comparison. An average salinity distribution was an input at the start of the simulation. Simulation results indicated a very good agreement between observed and computed transport rates through the Hammen, Schaar, and Roompot. A good agreement between observed and computed water levels was also obtained. The simulation in which the pressures resulting from salinity were included had a better agreement with observed data than the simulation without the salinity., PAWN